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Shi Y, Xiao Q, Lan Q, Wang DH, Jia LQ, Tang XH, Zhou T, Li M, Tian WS. A synthesis of cephalostatin 1. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Patonay T, Kónya K, Juhász-Tóth É. Syntheses and transformations of α-azido ketones and related derivatives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2797-847. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Heyl D, Rikowski E, Hoffmann R, Schneider J, Fessner WD. A “Clickable” Hybrid Nanocluster of Cubic Symmetry. Chemistry 2010; 16:5544-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pudelko M, Bull J, Kunz H. Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide Selectin Ligands Containing Sialyl Lewis X Structures. Chembiochem 2010; 11:904-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Fabritz S, Heyl D, Bagutski V, Empting M, Rikowski E, Frauendorf H, Balog I, Fessner WD, Schneider JJ, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Towards click bioconjugations on cube-octameric silsesquioxane scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2212-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b923393h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E. Conrow
- Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, Texas 76134, U.S.A
| | - W. Dennis Dean
- Alcon Research, Ltd., 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, Texas 76134, U.S.A
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7
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Besong G, Billen D, Dager I, Kocienski P, Sliwinski E, Tai LR, Boyle FT. A synthesis of (aR,7S)-(−)-N-acetylcolchinol and its conjugate with a cyclic RGD peptide. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Błaszczyk R, Gajda T. Convenient Synthesis of Dialkyl 1‐Azidoalkylphosphonates using Tetramethylguanidinium Azide as Azidation Agent. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701863483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Błaszczyk
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz , Żeromskiego St. 116, 90‐924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Gajda
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz , Żeromskiego St. 116, 90‐924, Lodz, Poland
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Peterson MA, Ke P, Shi H, Jones C, McDougall BR, Robinson WE. Design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluation of some 3'-carboxymethyl-3'-deoxyadenosine derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2007; 26:499-519. [PMID: 17578746 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701426278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
3'-Carboxymethyl-3'-deoxyadenosine derivatives were prepared from 2'-O-TBDMS-3'-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3'-deoxyadenosine (1) via simple and efficient procedures. Conversion of 1 to its 5'-azido-5'-deoxy derivative 5 was accomplished via a novel one-pot method employing 5'-activation (TosCl) followed by efficient nucleophilic displacement with tetramethylguanidinium azide. Compound 5 was converted to 5'-[(N-methylcarbamoyl)amino] derivative 8 via one-pot reduction/acylation employing H(2)/Pd-C followed by treatment with p-nitrophenyl N-methylcarbamate. N(6)-phenylcarbamoyl groups were introduced by treatment with phenylisocyanate, and an efficient new method for lactonization of 2'-O-TBDMS-3'-[(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]-3'-deoxyadenosines to give corresponding 2',3'-lactones was also developed. Target compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV and anti-HIV integrase activities, but were not active at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organic azides: an exploding diversity of a unique class of compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:5188-240. [PMID: 16100733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1614] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of organic azides by Peter Griess more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy-rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. In this Review, the fundamental characteristics of azide chemistry and current developments are presented. The focus will be placed on cycloadditions (Huisgen reaction), aza ylide chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles. Further reactions such as the aza-Wittig reaction, the Sundberg rearrangement, the Staudinger ligation, the Boyer and Boyer-Aubé rearrangements, the Curtius rearrangement, the Schmidt rearrangement, and the Hemetsberger rearrangement bear witness to the versatility of modern azide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe TH, Germany.
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12
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Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organische Azide - explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Azido Group Transferring Reaction of (4R,5R)-2-allyl-1,3,2,-dioxaborolane-4,5-dicarboxylic Acid Diisopropylester-lithium Azide Complex. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2002. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2002.46.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the omnipresence of protein glycosylation in nature, little is known about how the attachment of carbohydrates affects peptide and protein activity. One reason is the lack of a straightforward method to access biologically relevant glycopeptides and glycoproteins. The isolation of homogeneous glycopeptides from natural sources is complicated by the heterogeneity of naturally occuring glycoproteins. It is chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis that is meeting the challenge to solve this availability problem, thus playing a key role for the advancement of glycobiology. The current art of glycopeptide synthesis, albeit far from being routine, has reached a level of maturity that allows for the access to homogeneous and pure material for biological and medicinal research. Even the ambitious goal of the total synthesis of an entire glycoprotein is within reach. It is demonstrated that with the help of synthetic glycopeptides the effects of glycosylation on protein structure and function can be studied in molecular detail. For example, in immunology, synthetic (tumour-specific) glycopeptides can be used as immunogens to elicit a tumour-cell-specific immune response. Again, synthetic glycopeptides are an invaluable tool to determine the fine specificity of the immune response that can be mediated by both carbohydrate-specific B and T cells. Furthermore, selected examples for the use of synthetic glycopeptides as ligands of carbohydrate-binding proteins and as enzyme substrates or inhibitors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Seitz
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Stimac A, Kobe J. Stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis- and 2-deoxyglycofuranosyl azides from glycosyl halides. Carbohydr Res 2000; 329:317-24. [PMID: 11117315 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protected 1,2-cis glycofuranosyl azides with alpha-D-ribo, beta-D-arabino and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabino configurations were efficiently prepared from the appropriate 1,2-trans glycosyl halides bearing non-participating 0-2 substituent by inversion with sodium azide under phase transfer catalytic conditions (80-85% yields, 90-96% de). The same method failed to result in sufficiently good beta-selectivity starting from 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-alpha-D-ery-thro-pentofuranosyl chloride (5alpha) (40% de). The selectivity in favour of the protected 2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofura-nosyl azides was greatly improved (74-80% de) by treating 5alpha and its p-chlorobenzoyl analog 6alpha with cesium or potassium azide in dimethylsulfoxide at room temperature (83-85% yields).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stimac
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kim S, Sutton SC, Guo C, LaCour TG, Fuchs PL. Synthesis of the North 1 Unit of the Cephalostatin Family from Hecogenin Acetate1. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9817139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongkon Kim
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Scott C. Sutton
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chuangxing Guo
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Thomas G. LaCour
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P. L. Fuchs
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Jeong JU, Guo C, Fuchs PL. Synthesis of the South Unit of Cephalostatin. 7. Total Syntheses of (+)-Cephalostatin 7, (+)-Cephalostatin 12, and (+)-Ritterazine K1. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9817141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Uk Jeong
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chuangxing Guo
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P. L. Fuchs
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Abstract
Antineoplastic bis-steroidal (cephalostatin-type) analogues of the saponin OSW-1 were produced from a dihydroaglycone of OSW-1. The key aglycone 6H was obtained from 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol-17-one in 8 steps (38% yield). The SAR of the aglycones, intermediates, and hybrid analogues provide insights regarding the proposed common role of C22-oxocarbenium ions in the bioactivity of both OSW-1 and cephalostatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Bhattarai KM, Davis AP, Perry JJ, Walter CJ, Menzer S, Williams DJ. A New Generation of "Cholaphanes": Steroid-Derived Macrocyclic Hosts with Enhanced Solubility and Controlled Flexibility. J Org Chem 1997; 62:8463-8473. [PMID: 11671987 DOI: 10.1021/jo971272w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclic "cholaphanes" 3a-c were synthesized from the inexpensive steroid cholic acid. Like earlier relatives they feature substantial cavities with inward-directed hydroxyl groups, suitable for binding polar molecules such as carbohydrates in nonpolar media. New features are the externally directed alkyl chains, promoting solubility in organic solvents, and (in the case of 3b/c) reduced conformational freedom resulting from truncation of the steroidal side-chain. In particular, modeling shows that the smallest macrocycle 3c possesses very little flexibility, preferring an open conformation which is also revealed in the X-ray crystal structure of its pentahydrate. NMR studies indicated that all three cholaphanes form 1:1 complexes with octyl beta-D-glucoside in CDCl(3), with K(a) = 600-1560 M(-)(1). Cholaphanes 3b/c proved able to extract methyl beta-D-glucoside from aqueous solutions into CHCl(3). The transport of methyl beta-D-glucoside across a chloroform barrier was also demonstrated for 3c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadga M. Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science and Technology, South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, U.K
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Guo C, Bhandaru S, Fuchs PL, Boyd MR. An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Pyrazines. Total Synthesis of Dihydrocephalostatin 11. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja962646q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Sudhakar Bhandaru
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P. L. Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Michael R. Boyd
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery Research and Development National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702
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Cobalt-mediated alkylation of (4R) and (4S)-3-acetoacetyl-4-benzyloxazolidin-2-ones. Preparation of enantiopure diphenylmethyl-, 9-fluorenyl- and (1-adamantyl)glycines. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Palacios F, Aparicio D, de los Santos JM, Perez de Heredia I, Rubiales G. “ONE POT” SYNTHESIS OF β-FUNCTIONALIZED VINYL AZIDES THROUGH ADDITION OF TETRAMETYLGUANIDINIUM AZIDE TO ACETYLENIC AND ALLENIC COMPOUNDS. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949509458451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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When Two Steroids are Better than One: The Dimeric Steroid-Pyrazine Marine Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(96)80041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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