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Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Lest We Forget-The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302259. [PMID: 37086184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals - heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X-ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non-covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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2
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Hu Y, Gao Y, Li P, Gao X, Liu Z. Enhancement of thermoelectric properties of
D‐A
conjugated polymer through constructing random copolymers with more electronic donors. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuan Hu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
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3
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Quertinmont J, Beaujean P, Stiennon J, Aidibi Y, Leriche P, Rodriguez V, Sanguinet L, Champagne B. Combining Benzazolo-Oxazolidine Twins toward Multi-state Nonlinear Optical Switches. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3918-3931. [PMID: 33851843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular switches are chemical compounds exhibiting the possibility of reversible transformations between their different forms accompanied by a modification in their properties. Among these, switching of multi-addressable Benzazolo-OXazolidines (BOXs) from a closed form to an open form results in drastic modifications in their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Here, we target molecules containing two identical BOX units (DiBOX) connected by different π-conjugated linkers, and we combine synthesis, UV/visible absorption, and hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Three derivatives have been considered, which differ by the linker: (i) a bithiophene moiety (Bt), (ii) two 3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene (EDOT) units, and (iii) a triad composed of an EDOT-thiophene-EDOT sequence (TtO). As a matter of fact, these systems can adopt three states (CF-CF, POF-POF, and CF-POF) depending on the closed form (CF) or the protonated open form (POF) of each BOX unit. Despite chemical equivalence, stepwise switching of such systems under the addition of a chemical acid or an oxidant has been experimentally evidenced for two of them (DiBOX-Bt and DiBOX-TtO). Then, DFT calculations show that the first BOX opening leads to the formation of a push-pull π-conjugated segment, exhibiting a huge increase in the first hyperpolarizability (β) and a bathochromic shift with respect to the fully closed form. On the contrary, the second BOX opening induces not only a slight bathochromic shift but also a reduction in their β values conferring the great and uncommon abilities to modulate their linear and nonlinear properties over three discrete levels. Among these results, those on DiBOX-Bt agree with the experimental data obtained by HRS measurements and further shed light on their structure-property relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Quertinmont
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Pierre Beaujean
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Stiennon
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Youssef Aidibi
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM, UMR CNRS 5255), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - Benoît Champagne
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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4
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Color-neutral, semitransparent organic photovoltaics for power window applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21147-21154. [PMID: 32817532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007799117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semitransparent organic photovoltaic cells (ST-OPVs) are emerging as a solution for solar energy harvesting on building facades, rooftops, and windows. However, the trade-off between power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and the average photopic transmission (APT) in color-neutral devices limits their utility as attractive, power-generating windows. A color-neutral ST-OPV is demonstrated by using a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) anode along with a narrow energy gap nonfullerene acceptor near-infrared (NIR) absorbing cell and outcoupling (OC) coatings on the exit surface. The device exhibits PCE = 8.1 ± 0.3% and APT = 43.3 ± 1.2% that combine to achieve a light-utilization efficiency of LUE = 3.5 ± 0.1%. Commission Internationale d'eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.38, 0.39), a color-rendering index of 86, and a correlated color temperature of 4,143 K are obtained for simulated AM1.5 illumination transmitted through the cell. Using an ultrathin metal anode in place of ITO, we demonstrate a slightly green-tinted ST-OPV with PCE = 10.8 ± 0.5% and APT = 45.7 ± 2.1% yielding LUE = 5.0 ± 0.3% These results indicate that ST-OPVs can combine both efficiency and color neutrality in a single device.
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6
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Hwang K, Lee MH, Kim J, Kim YJ, Kim Y, Hwang H, Kim IB, Kim DY. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene-Based Isomer-Free Quinoidal Building Block and Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungtae Hwang
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Kim
- Center for HRST Policy, Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP), 60 Mabang-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06775, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansu Hwang
- Division of Technical Supervision, Green Technology Center (GTC), 173, Toegye-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04554, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Bok Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61002, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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7
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Darmanin T, Klimareva EL, Schewtschenko I, Guittard F, Perepichka IF. Exceptionally Strong Effect of Small Structural Variations in Functionalized 3,4-Phenylenedioxythiophenes on the Surface Nanostructure and Parahydrophobic Properties of Their Electropolymerized Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena L. Klimareva
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, U.K
- Department of Organic Substances Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Schewtschenko
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, U.K
| | | | - Igor F. Perepichka
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, U.K
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
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8
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Imae I, Tada N, Harima Y. Synthesis and Properties of Donor-acceptor-type Polymers Comprising Alkoxy-substituted Bithiophene Units. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2019. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.32.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Imae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | - Naofumi Tada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | - Yutaka Harima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University
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9
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Huang H, Yang L, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Organic and Polymeric Semiconductors Enhanced by Noncovalent Conformational Locks. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10291-10318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College
of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy
of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- College
of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy
of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon
Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Shao S, Shi J, Murtaza I, Xu P, He Y, Ghosh S, Zhu X, Perepichka IF, Meng H. Exploring the electrochromic properties of poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)s decorated with electron-deficient side groups. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electron-deficient cyanophenyl side groups decrease the response time and drastically improve the stability of electrochromic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shao
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Imran Murtaza
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Panpan Xu
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Sanjay Ghosh
- School of Chemistry
- Bangor University
- Bangor LL57 2UW
- UK
| | - Xiaosi Zhu
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | | | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
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11
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Golba S, Starczewska O, Idzik K. Electrochemical and spectrophotometric properties of polymers based on derivatives of di- and triphenylamines as promising materials for electronic applications. Des Monomers Polym 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2015.1078110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Golba
- Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Starczewska
- Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Idzik
- Department of Applied Geology, Geoscience Centre of the University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Turbiez M, Faye D, Leriche P, Frère P. Bis-EDOT end capped by n-hexyl or n-hexylsulfanyl groups: the effect of the substituents on the stability of the oxidized states. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur atoms of hexylsulfanyl groups stabilize the radical cation and dication states and prevent the σ-dimerization of the radical cation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djibril Faye
- University of Angers
- MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200
- 49045 Anger cedex
- France
| | - Philippe Leriche
- University of Angers
- MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200
- 49045 Anger cedex
- France
| | - Pierre Frère
- University of Angers
- MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200
- 49045 Anger cedex
- France
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13
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Tusy C, Jiang K, Peng K, Huang L, Xia J. Effect of monomers’ structure on self-acid-assisted polycondensation for the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and homopolythiophene. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PEDOT and homopolythiophene were synthesized by self-acid-assisted polycondensation (SAAP) based on mono-halogen substituted thiophene derivative monomers. Our results reveal that substituted halogen (bromo or iodo) positions play an important role in SAAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuong Tusy
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Kang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Kai Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Lili Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Jiangbin Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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14
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Imae I, Imabayashi S, Komaguchi K, Tan Z, Ooyama Y, Harima Y. Synthesis and electrical properties of novel oligothiophenes partially containing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44129f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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15
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Kaur S, Findlay NJ, Coomer FC, Berridge R, Skabara PJ. Poly([1,4]Dithiino[2,3-c
]Furan): The Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Optoelectronic Properties of a Furan-Containing Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1330-4. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL
| | - Neil J. Findlay
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL
| | - Fiona C. Coomer
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL
| | - Rory Berridge
- DSTL, Physical Sciences Department; Porton Down; Salisbury Wiltshire SP4 OJQ UK
| | - Peter J. Skabara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL
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16
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Florès JC, Lacour MA, Sallenave X, Serein-Spirau F, Lère-Porte JP, Moreau JJE, Miqueu K, Sotiropoulos JM, Flot D. Comprehensive Analysis of Fragment Orbital Interactions to Build Highly π-Conjugated Thienylene-Substituted Phenylene Oligomers. Chemistry 2013; 19:7532-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Martínez de Baroja N, Franco S, Garín J, Orduna J, Villacampa B, Borja P, Alicante R. Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of novel 1,3-dithiole donor-based chromophores. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra23235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Hlel A, Mabrouk A, Chemek M, Alimi K. Theoretical study of phenylene-thiophene oligomers: structure-properties relationship. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 99:126-135. [PMID: 23063855 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical results including geometrical characteristics, electronic structures, photophysical parameters (lowest excitation energies, electron affinities (EAs), ionization potentials (IPs), maximum of absorption and emission) and vibrational modes of some new oligomers, based on phenylene-thiophene motives, are investigated using Density Functional Theory DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) approach. The electronic and optical properties of phenylene-based derivatives can be tuned through the insertion of thiophene in the main oligomers backbone as well as the addition of alkoxy-substituent groups on 2 and 5 positions on phenylene groups. It can be noticed, that different conformational behaviors and steric effects take place. Then, an increase in conjugation length induces a decrease in the gaps energy and a bathochromic shift of absorption/emission spectra. Based on these computed results, which are consistent with the available experimental data, the correlation structure-properties is better understood, where these nanostructures show a great potential for opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hlel
- Université de Monastir, Unité de recherche Matériaux Nouveaux et Dispositifs Electroniques Organiques, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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19
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Arias-Pardilla J, Giménez-Gómez PA, de la Peña A, Segura JL, Otero TF. Synthesis, electropolymerization and characterization of a cross-linked PEDOT derivative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14909e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Khan MS, Al-Suti MK, Shah HH, Al-Humaimi S, Al-Battashi FR, Bjernemose JK, Male L, Raithby PR, Zhang N, Köhler A, Warren JE. Synthesis and characterization of platinum(II) di-ynes and poly-ynes incorporating ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) spacers in the backbone. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10174-83. [PMID: 21894334 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of trimethylsilyl-protected di-alkynes incorporating 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) linker groups Me(3)Si-C≡C-R-C≡C-SiMe(3) (R = ethylenedioxythiophene-3,4-diyl 1a, 2,2'-bis-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-5,5'-diyl 2a, 2,2',5',2''-ter-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-5,5''-diyl 3a) and the corresponding terminal di-alkynes, H-C≡C-R-C≡C-H 1b-2b has been synthesized and characterized and the single crystal X-ray structure of 1a has been determined. CuI-catalyzed dehydrohalogenation reaction between trans-[(Ph)(Et(3)P)(2)PtCl] and the terminal di-alkynes 1b-2b in (i)Pr(2)NH/CH(2)Cl(2) (2:1 mole ratio) gives the Pt(II) di-ynes trans-[(Et(3)P)(2)(Ph)Pt-C≡C-R-C≡C-Pt(Ph)(Et(3)P)(2)] 1M-2M while the dehydrohalogenation polycondensation reaction between trans-[((n)Bu(3)P)(2)PtCl(2)] and 1b-2b (1:1 mole ratio) under similar reaction conditions affords the Pt(II) poly-ynes trans-[Pt(P(n)Bu(3))(2)-C≡C-R-C≡C-](n)1P-2P. The di-ynes and poly-ynes have been characterized spectroscopically and, for 1M and 2M, by single-crystal X-ray which confirms the "rigid rod" di-yne backbone. The materials possess excellent thermal stability, are soluble in common organic solvents and readily cast into thin films. Optical absorption spectroscopic measurements reveal that the EDOT spacers create stronger donor-acceptor interactions between the platinum(II) centres and conjugated ligands along the rigid backbone of the organometallic polymers compared to the related non-fused and fused oligothiophene spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod, 123, Sultanate of Oman.
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21
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Abbotto A, Calderon EH, Dangate MS, De Angelis F, Manfredi N, Mari CM, Marinzi C, Mosconi E, Muccini M, Ruffo R, Seri M. Pyridine−EDOT Heteroarylene−Vinylene Donor−Acceptor Polymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1017132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Abbotto
- Department of Materials Science and Solar Energy Research Center (MIB-SOLAR), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Herrera Calderon
- Department of Materials Science and Solar Energy Research Center (MIB-SOLAR), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Milind S. Dangate
- Department of Materials Science and Solar Energy Research Center (MIB-SOLAR), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (CNR-ISTM) and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Norberto Manfredi
- Department of Materials Science and Solar Energy Research Center (MIB-SOLAR), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mari
- Department of Materials Science and Solar Energy Research Center (MIB-SOLAR), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Marinzi
- Department of Materials Science and Solar Energy Research Center (MIB-SOLAR), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (CNR-ISTM) and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Muccini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Department of Materials Science and Solar Energy Research Center (MIB-SOLAR), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirko Seri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Fadhel O, Benkö Z, Gras M, Deborde V, Joly D, Lescop C, Nyulászi L, Hissler M, Réau R. 3,4-Dithiaphosphole and 3,3′,4,4′-Tetrathia-1,1′-Biphosphole π-Conjugated Systems: S Makes the Impact. Chemistry 2010; 16:11340-56. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Melucci M, Zambianchi M, Barbarella G, Manet I, Montalti M, Bonacchi S, Rampazzo E, Rambaldi DC, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P. Facile tuning from blue to white emission in silica nanoparticles doped with oligothiophene fluorophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Dienes Y, Eggenstein M, Kárpáti T, Sutherland T, Nyulászi L, Baumgartner T. Phosphorus-Based Heteropentacenes: Efficiently Tunable Materials for Organic n-Type Semiconductors. Chemistry 2008; 14:9878-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Lemau de Talancé V, Hissler M, Zhang LZ, Kárpáti T, Nyulászi L, Caras-Quintero D, Bäuerle P, Réau R. Synthesis, electronic properties and electropolymerisation of EDOT-capped σ3-phospholes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2200-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b801335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Lukovskaya EV, Bobylyova AA, Fedorova OA, Fedorov YV, Anisimov AV, Didane Y, Brisset H, Fages F. Synthesis, structures, and optical and electrochemical characteristics of novel crown-containing polythiophene systems. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Perepichka IF, Roquet S, Leriche P, Raimundo JM, Frère P, Roncali J. Electronic Properties and Reactivity of Short-Chain Oligomers of 3,4-Phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT). Chemistry 2006; 12:2960-6. [PMID: 16440391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dimer and trimer of 3,4-phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT) have been synthesized. Unlike the parent systems based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), these compounds are quite stable under atmospheric conditions. The electronic absorption spectra of di- and tri-PheDOT exhibit a well-resolved vibronic fine structure indicative of self-rigidification of the conjugated structure by noncovalent intramolecular sulfur-oxygen interactions. Comparison of UV-visible data for the PheDOT oligomers with those of the corresponding EDOT oligomers reveals a faster decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap with chain length for the former. Cyclic voltammetric data show that whereas PheDOT oxidizes at a lower potential than EDOT, the PheDOT dimer and trimer exhibit much higher oxidation potentials than their EDOT-based analogues. A comparative analysis of the electropolymerization of the three PheDOT-based systems shows that although PheDOT is very difficult to polymerize, its dimer and trimer can be readily electropolymerized. This unexpected increase of reactivity with chain extension is discussed with the aid of theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor F Perepichka
- Groupe Systèmes Conjugués Linéaires, CIMMA, UMR 6200 CNRS, Université d'Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France.
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28
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Casado J, Ortiz RP, Ruiz Delgado MC, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT, Raimundo JM, Blanchard P, Allain M, Roncali J. Alternated Quinoid/Aromatic Units in Terthiophenes Building Blocks for Electroactive Narrow Band Gap Polymers. Extended Spectroscopic, Solid State, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:16616-27. [PMID: 16853114 DOI: 10.1021/jp0520300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of three novel pi-conjugated heterocyclic mixed trimers that contain two electron-donating 3,4-ethylenedioxy-2-thienyl (EDOT) units covalently attached to a central proquinoid electron-accepting thienopyrazine moiety (two of these narrow-HOMO-LUMO gap D-A-D compounds also bear hexyl side chains attached either to the outermost alpha positions of the EDOT end rings or to the beta positions of the pyrazine fused ring). The modification of the terthiophene structure upon EDO, pyrazine, and hexyl substitutions has been treated in detail with spectroscopic and theoretical arguments. Solid-state properties reveal the occurrence of short intramolecular contacts between heteroatoms of adjacent rings. The analysis of the structure of the pi-conjugated backbone of each molecule is consistent with a partial quinoid-like pattern which partially reverts to be subtly more aromatic depending on the topology of the positive inductive effect of the hexyl chains. This quinoidization is a consequence of the appearance of a D(EDOT)-->A(PyT)<--D(EDOT) intramolecular charge transfer which further polarizes the structure. The same chemical concepts have been applied to address their electrochemical behavior. The three mixed trimers exhibit amphoteric properties due to the combination of electron acceptor and donor groups. Given their relative low HOMO-LUMO energy gap, these trimers promise to be good candidates for obtaining polymers with significant low energy gap combining electroactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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29
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Turbiez M, Frère P, Allain M, Videlot C, Ackermann J, Roncali J. Design of Organic Semiconductors: Tuning the Electronic Properties of π-Conjugated Oligothiophenes with the 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) Building Block. Chemistry 2005; 11:3742-52. [PMID: 15832400 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid oligothiophenes based on a various combinations of thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) groups have been synthesized. UV/Vis absorption spectra show that the number and relative positions of the EDOT groups considerably affect the width of the HOMO-LUMO gap and the rigidity of the conjugated system. Analysis of the crystallographic structure of two hybrid quaterthiophenes confirms that insertion of two adjacent EDOT units in the middle of the molecule leads to a self-rigidification of the conjugated systems by intramolecular SO interactions. Cyclic voltammetry data shows that the first oxidation potential of the oligomers decreases with increasing chain length and increasing number of EDOT groups for a given chain length. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations show that the positions of the EDOT units in the conjugated chain control the potential difference (DeltaE(p)) between the first and second oxidation steps. Moving the EDOT groups from the outer to the inner positions of the conjugated system increases DeltaE(p). Theoretical calculations confirm that this phenomenon reflects an increase of the intramolecular coulombic repulsion between positive charges in the dication. A thin-film field-effect transistor was fabricated by vacuum sublimation of a pentamer with alternating thiophene-EDOT structure, and the hole mobility was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Turbiez
- Groupe Systèmes Conjugués Linéaires, CIMMA, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d'Angers, France
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30
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Turbiez M, Frère P, Roncali J. Oligothienylenevinylenes incorporating 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Frère P, Skabara PJ. Salts of extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues: relationships between molecular structure, electrochemical properties and solid state organisation. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:69-98. [PMID: 15643491 DOI: 10.1039/b316392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By considering the structures of many salts derived from extended TTF analogues, relationships between the molecular architecture of the donors with their electrochemical properties and their stacking mode in the salts are presented in this critical review. Three categories of donors corresponding to their extension modes have been considered. Firstly, for linearly extended TTFs the crucial role of the spacer in modifying the electrochemical properties and the packing mode in the salts is presented. Secondly, bidimentional extension of the donors obtained by linking several dithiafulvenyl units on a TTF core led to materials with increased dimensionality. Finally, the last class corresponds to the fusion, directly or across a benzene ring, of TTF frameworks. The former are the base of many salts with metallic behaviour. (148 references.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frère
- Groupe Systemes Conjugues Lineaires, CIMMA, UMR-CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex France.
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32
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Gorgues A, Hudhomme P, Sallé M. Highly Functionalized Tetrathiafulvalenes: Riding along the Synthetic Trail from Electrophilic Alkynes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:5151-84. [PMID: 15535646 DOI: 10.1021/cr0306485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gorgues
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
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33
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Chinchilla R, Nájera C, Yus M. Metalated Heterocycles and Their Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2667-722. [PMID: 15137804 DOI: 10.1021/cr020101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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