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Awad M, Czer LSC, Mirocha J, Ruzza A, de Robertis M, Rafiei M, Reich H, Sasevich M, Rihbany K, Kass R, Kobashigawa J, Arabia F, Trento A, Esmailian F, Ramzy D. Similar Mortality and Morbidity of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation for Patients 70 Years of Age and Older Compared With Younger Patients. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2782-2791. [PMID: 27788818 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upper age limit of heart transplantation remains controversial. The goal of the present study was to investigate the mortality and morbidity of orthotopic heart transplantation (HT) for recipients ≥70 compared with those <70 years of age. METHODS Of 704 adults who underwent HT from December 1988 to June 2012 at our institution, 45 were ≥70 years old (older group) and 659 were <70 years old (younger group). Survival, intraoperative blood product usage, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays, and frequency of reoperation for chest bleeding, dialysis, and >48 hours ventilation were examined after HT. RESULTS The older group had 100% 30-day and 60-day survival compared with 96.8 ± 0.7% 30-day and 95.9 ± 0.8% 60-day survival rates in the younger group. The older and younger groups had similar 1-year (93.0 ± 3.9% vs 92.1 ± 1.1%; P = .79), 5-year (84.2 ± 6.0% vs 73.4 ± 1.9%; P = .18), and 10-year (51.2 ± 10.7% vs 50.2 ± 2.5%; P = .43) survival rates. Recipients in the older group had higher preoperative creatinine levels, frequency of coronary artery disease, and more United Network for Organ Sharing status 2 and fewer status 1 designations than recipients in the younger group (P < .05 for all). Pump time and intraoperative blood usage were similar between the 2 groups (P = NS); however, donor-heart ischemia time was higher in the older group (P = .002). Older recipients had higher postoperative creatinine levels at peak (P = .003) and at discharge (P = .007). Frequency of postoperative complications, including reoperation for chest bleeding, dialysis, >48 hours ventilation, pneumonia, pneumothorax, sepsis, in-hospital and post-discharge infections, were similar between groups (P = NS for all comparisons). ICU and hospital length of stays were similar between groups (P = .35 and P = .87, respectively). In Cox analysis, recipient age ≥70 years was not identified as a predictor of lower long-term survival after HT. CONCLUSIONS HT recipients ≥70 years old had similar 1, 5, and 10-year survival rates compared with younger recipients. Both patient groups had similar intra- and postoperative blood utilization and frequencies of many postoperative complications. Older and younger patients had similar morbidity and mortality rates following HT. Carefully selected older patients (≥70 years) can safely undergo HT and should not be excluded from HT consideration based solely on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Awad
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - L S C Czer
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - J Mirocha
- Section of Biostatistics, Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Ruzza
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - M de Robertis
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Rafiei
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - H Reich
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Sasevich
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - K Rihbany
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - R Kass
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Kobashigawa
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - F Arabia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Trento
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - F Esmailian
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - D Ramzy
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Bosseau C, Lelong B, Pattier S, Trochu JN, Roussel JC, Sirinelli A, Aupart M, Chabanne C, Dorent R, Cantrelle C, Mabo P, Leclercq C, Verhoye JP, Flécher E. Heart transplantation in selected patients aged 60 years and older: a two-decade retrospective and multicentre analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 51:893-901. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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3
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Yeom SY, Hwang HY, Oh SJ, Cho HJ, Lee HY, Kim KB. Heart transplantation in the elderly patients: midterm results. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2013; 46:111-6. [PMID: 23614096 PMCID: PMC3631784 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2013.46.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Heart transplantation in elderly patients has raised concerns because of co-morbidities and limited life expectancy in the era of donor shortage. We examined the outcomes after heart transplantation in elderly patients. Materials and Methods From March 1994 to December 2011, 81 patients (male:female=64:17, 49.1±14.0 years) underwent heart transplantation. The outcomes after heart transplantation in the younger patients (<60 years; group Y, n=60) were compared with those in the elderly patients (≥60 years; group O, n=21). The follow-up duration was 51.8±62.7 months. Results Early mortality (≤30 days) occurred in 5.0% (3/60) and 4.8% (1/21) of groups Y and O, respectively (p>0.999). There were no differences in overall survival between the two groups (p=0.201). Freedom from rejection was higher in group O than in group Y (p=0.026). Multivariable analysis revealed that age ≥60 years was not a significant risk factor for long-term survival; postoperative renal failure was the only significant risk factor for long-term survival (p=0.011). Conclusion Early and mid-term results of heart transplantation in elderly patients were similar to those in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Yeom
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Tesar BM, Du W, Shirali A, Walker WE, Shen H, Goldstein DR. Aging augments IL-17 T-cell alloimmune responses. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:54-63. [PMID: 18976294 PMCID: PMC2626154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As increasing numbers of elderly patients require solid organ transplantation, the need to better understand how aging modifies alloimmune responses increases. Here, we examined whether aged mice exhibit augmented, donor-specific memory responses prior to transplantation. We found that elevated donor-specific IL-17, but not IFN-gamma, responses were observed in aged mice compared to young mice prior to transplantation. Further characterization of the heightened IL-17 alloimmune response with aging demonstrated that memory CD4(+) T cells were required. Reduced IL-2 alloimmune responses with age contributed to the elevated IL-17 phenotype in vitro, and treatment with an anti-IL-17 antibody delayed the onset of acute allograft rejection. In conclusion, aging leads to augmented, donor-specific IL-17 immune responses that are important for the timing of acute allograft rejection in aged recipients. IL-17 targeting therapies may be useful for averting transplant rejection responses in older transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M. Tesar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 333 Cedar St, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 333 Cedar St, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anushree Shirali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 333 Cedar St, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Wendy E Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 333 Cedar St, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 333 Cedar St, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 333 Cedar St, CT, 06520, USA,Address for correspondence: Daniel R. Goldstein, 333 Cedar Street, 3 FMP, P.O. BOX 208017, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520-8018. Fax: 203 785 7567, tel: 203 785 3271,
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5
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Shen H, Tesar BM, Du W, Goldstein DR. Aging impairs recipient T cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors in response to transplantation. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4097. [PMID: 19119314 PMCID: PMC2606020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As increasing numbers of older people are listed for solid organ transplantation, there is an urgent need to better understand how aging modifies alloimmune responses. Here, we investigated whether aging impairs the ability of donor dendritic cells or recipient immunity to prime alloimmune responses to organ transplantation. Principal Findings Using murine experimental models, we found that aging impaired the host environment to expand and activate antigen specific CD8+ T cells. Additionally, aging impaired the ability of polyclonal T cells to induce acute allograft rejection. However, the alloimmune priming capability of donor dendritic cells was preserved with aging. Conclusion Aging impairs recipient responses, both T cell intrinsic and extrinsic, in response to organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bethany M. Tesar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Roussel JC, Baron O, Périgaud C, Bizouarn P, Pattier S, Habash O, Mugniot A, Petit T, Michaud JL, Heymann MF, Treilhaud M, Trochu JN, Gueffet JP, Lamirault G, Duveau D, Despins P. Outcome of Heart Transplants 15 to 20 Years Ago: Graft Survival, Post-transplant Morbidity, and Risk Factors for Mortality. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27:486-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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7
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Grigioni F, Potena L, Barbieri A, Bianchi G, Reggianini L, Russo A, Fallani F, Magnani G, Coccolo F, Arpesella G, Rapezzi C, Modena MG, Branzi A. Age and heart transplantation: results from a heart failure management unit. Clin Transplant 2007; 22:150-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2007.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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9
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Favaloro R, Diez M, Bertolotti A, Gomez C, Favaloro L, Abud J, Nagel C, Vigliano C, Klein F, Perrone S. Orthotopic heart transplantation in elderly patients: A 10-year experience at a single center. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:1692-4. [PMID: 15350455 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A consensus has not yet been reached regarding the indications for orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in elderly patients or the age limit contraindicating the procedure. The objective of this study was to assess OHT outcomes to determine whether elderly patients benefit from the procedure. METHODS From February 1993 to February 2003, 178 OHTs were performed on recipients of mean age 47.4 +/- 15 years (range, 4 to 74) including 80.3% men. The population was divided into two groups: group A included patients >/= 60 years, and group B those younger than that age. Survival was analyzed for the overall population and for both age groups during a 10-year follow-up period. RESULTS Group A included 36 patients (20.8%) and group B 142 patients (79.2%). Mean age was 63.7 +/- 2.9 years (60 to 74) in A, and 43 +/- 13.9 years (4 to 59) in B. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher among group A (n = 11, 31.4%) compared to B (n = 17, 12.1%, P =.008). Survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 61.5% +/- 8%, 58.1% +/- 8.3%, and 49.8% +/- 10.5% group A; and 84.2% +/- 3%, 73.7% +/- 4.1%, and 69.9% +/- 4.7 for group B. Elderly patients showed a lower survival rate (49.8%) compared with the younger group (69.9%) at 10-year follow-up (P =.007). Conditional survival at 9 years failed to show significant differences (A 72.2% vs B 79.6%, P =.4). CONCLUSION In our population, elderly recipients showed a higher in-hospital mortality. However, when the first post-OHT year was excluded, we found similar survival rates for both age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Favaloro
- Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Morgan JA, John R, Weinberg AD, Remoli R, Kherani AR, Vigilance DW, Schanzer BM, Bisleri G, Mancini DM, Oz MC, Edwards NM. Long-term results of cardiac transplantation in patients 65 years of age and older: a comparative analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76:1982-7. [PMID: 14667625 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)01070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age is viewed by some transplant centers as a contraindication for heart transplantation secondary to concerns regarding decreased survival. METHODS Between January 1992 and June 2002, 63 of 881 (7.2%) orthotopic heart transplants were performed in patients above 65 years. These patients were compared to 63 recipients below age 65 who were matched for sex, etiology of heart failure, United Network for Organ Sharing status, and immunosuppression therapy era. RESULTS Mean age was 67.1 +/- 2.3 years (range, 65.0 to 74.8) for the older group and 48.1 +/- 14.5 years (range, 18.3 to 64.4) for the younger group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or peripheral vascular disease between the groups (p = not significant) although there were more patients with prior myocardial infarctions in the older group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the groups, with 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial survival of 85.8%, 80.3%, 73.1%, and 49.9% for the older group; and 86.9%, 83.4%, 75.0%, and 57.0% for the younger group (p = 0.597). Postoperative intensive care unit stay and overall hospital stay were similar for the two groups (p = not significant). There was no significant difference between the groups in freedom from infection or rejection at 1, 3, or 5 years after transplant (p = not significant) although the incidence of transplant coronary artery disease was higher in the older group (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate similar short-term and long-term results for elderly and young recipients undergoing cardiac transplantation. This supports proceeding with transplantation in carefully selected elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Morgan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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11
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Shiba N, Chan MCY, Valantine HA, Gao SZ, Robbins RC, Hunt SA. Longer-term risks associated with 10-year survival after heart transplantation in the cyclosporine era. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003; 22:1098-106. [PMID: 14550819 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term survival after heart transplantation is common in the cyclosporine era. However, there are few data documenting pre-transplant/peri-operative factors predictive of truly long-term survival (>10 years). The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with 10-year survival after heart transplantation. METHODS Our study population included 197 adults who survived >6 months and died <10 years after heart transplant (medium-term group) and 140 adults who survived >10 years after heart transplant (long-term group) between December 1980 and May 2001. A comparison was done between the two groups and we used multivariate analysis to identify which factors predicted 10-year survival. RESULTS The long-term group had younger recipient and donor age, lower recipient body mass index at transplant, shorter waiting time and lower percentages of ischemic etiology/male recipient/non-white recipient. Kaplan-Meier plots of freedom from graft coronary artery disease and malignancy showed later onset patterns in the long-term group compared with the medium-term group. Multivariate analysis showed that white recipient, younger recipient and lower recipient body mass index at heart transplant were factors significantly associated with 10-year survival. CONCLUSIONS Several pre-transplant/peri-operative factors were associated with survival beyond 10 years after heart transplantation. Stratified/tailored strategies based on these factors may be helpful to attain longer-term survival of recipients with higher risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Shiba
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Building, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Demers P, Moffatt S, Oyer PE, Hunt SA, Reitz BA, Robbins RC. Long-term results of heart transplantation in patients older than 60 years. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126:224-31. [PMID: 12878959 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(03)00055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age has been traditionally considered a relative contraindication for heart transplantation. Older patients are now considered as potential candidates for heart transplantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of heart transplantation in patients older than 60 years. METHODS Between 1986 and 2001, 81 patients aged between 60 and 70 years (mean, 63 +/- 2 years) underwent heart transplantation. These patients were compared with 403 adult recipients younger than 60 years (mean, 47 +/- 11 years) who underwent transplantation during the same period. RESULTS Thirty-day mortality was 6% (5/81) and 6% (25/403) in the older and younger patients, respectively (P = NS). Actuarial survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 88% +/- 4% versus 83% +/- 2%, 75% +/- 5% versus 69% +/- 2%, and 50% +/- 9% versus 51% +/- 3% in the older and younger patients, respectively (P = NS). Older patients had significantly fewer rejection episodes (P =.003). Freedom from allograft coronary artery disease at 1, 5, and 10 years was 98% +/- 2% versus 92% +/- 2%, 85% +/- 6% versus 76% +/- 3%, and 81% +/- 7% versus 68% +/- 3% (P =.1). The incidences of infectious complication, cytomegalovirus infection, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder were similar between the 2 groups, but older recipients were more likely to have a nonposttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder cancer (P =.002). Age at transplantation was not identified as an independent risk factor for early and late death. CONCLUSION Heart transplantation in selected patients aged 60 years and older results in survival comparable with that of younger patients. Older patients have a lower risk of rejection but an increased risk of development of a nonposttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder cancer. Advanced age per se should not be considered as an exclusion criterion for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Demers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5247, USA
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13
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Baron O, Le Guyader A, Trochu JN, Burban M, Chevalier JC, Treilhaud M, Petit T, Al Habash O, Despins P, Michaud JL, Duveau D. Does the pretransplant UNOS status modify the short- and long-term cardiac transplant prognosis? Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75:1878-85. [PMID: 12822631 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the morbidity and mortality rates of patients who had urgent heart transplantation or transplantation after bridging with a ventricular assist device, with the rates of patients whose clinical stability allowed them to wait at home. METHODS From March 1985 to December 2000, 404 patients underwent heart transplantation in a single center. There were 273 patients with UNOS status 2 (US 2), 103 patients with UNOS Status 1A (US 1A), and 28 patients with UNOS Status 1B (US 1B). We compared the groups retrospectively with respect to pretransplantation status and operative results. RESULTS Despite more severely impaired hemodynamics and a significantly higher preoperative infection rate in US 1A and 1B patients, there were no statistically significant differences in survival rates among the three groups. Donor sex and age, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis, mismatch rate, ischemic time, method of myocardial protection, and operative technique did not differ statistically among the three groups. Length of intensive care unit stay, postoperative morbidity, first year postoperative rejection rate, and graft occlusive vascular disease rate were statistically similar among the three groups. Although pretransplantation cancer assessment was less complete in US 1A and 1B than in US 2 patients, the late-cancer rate was not statistically different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that urgently transplanted patients have both early and long term morbidity and mortality similar to those of patients waiting for transplantation at home or with a ventricular assist device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Baron
- Unité de Transplantation Thoracique, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital G et R Laennec, Nantes, France.
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14
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Cimato TR, Jessup M. Recipient selection in cardiac transplantation: contraindications and risk factors for mortality. J Heart Lung Transplant 2002; 21:1161-73. [PMID: 12431490 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)00428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently the only acknowledged, definitive treatment for refractory heart failure is heart transplantation (HTx). During the past 10 years, selection criteria for heart transplant recipients have been developed that use an analysis of risk factors associated with mortality, which were identified by consensus opinion and by single-center and multi-center database review. A number of other studies also have been designed to evaluate specific risk factors for transplant such as advanced age, diabetes, and sex. This review identifies variables that continue to provoke controversy during the candidate selection process or variables that have changed from absolute to relative contraindications for HTx. Clinicians may use the data summarized in this review as a guide to making decisions about patient candidacy for HTx. One could conclude from this analysis that a more formalized and objective scale to select patients and to assess risk of death after HTx is necessary. Moreover, as alternative therapies to HTx become reality, a better instrument for triaging patients to one form of therapy or another may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Cimato
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Blanche C, Blanche DA, Kearney B, Sandhu M, Czer LS, Kamlot A, Hickey A, Trento A. Heart transplantation in patients seventy years of age and older: A comparative analysis of outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121:532-41. [PMID: 11241089 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2001.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced age has traditionally been considered a contraindication for heart transplantation because of the reported adverse effect of increased age on long-term survival. However, as the field of transplantation continues to evolve, the criteria regarding the recipient's upper age limit have been expanded and older patients are being considered as potential candidates. We analyzed the outcome of heart transplantation in patients 70 years of age and older and compared these results with those in younger patients (<70 years) over a 4-year period. METHOD We retrospectively analyzed the results of 15 patients 70 years of age and older who underwent heart transplantation between November 1994 and May 1999 and compared them with results in 98 younger patients undergoing transplantation during the same period RESULTS The older age group had a higher preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (P =.02), higher incidence of female donors (P =.02), and longer cardiac allograft ischemic time (P =.01). No differences were found regarding incidence of diabetes mellitus, donor age, donor/recipient weight ratio, and mismatch (<0.80). The 30-day or to-discharge operative mortality was similar in both groups (0% in the older vs 5.1% in younger patients). Actuarial survival at 1 year and 4 years was not statistically different between the older and younger patients (93.3% +/- 6.4% vs 88.3% +/- 3.3% and 73.5% +/- 13.6% vs 69.1% +/- 5.8%, respectively). The length of intensive care unit stay and total post-transplantation hospital stay, incidence of rejection, and incidence of cytomegalovirus infection were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Heart transplantation in selected patients 70 years of age and older can be performed as successfully as in younger patients (<70 years of age) with similar morbidity, mortality, and intermediate-term survival. Advanced age as defined (> or =70 years) should not be an exclusion criterion for heart transplantation. The risks and benefits of transplant surgery should be applied individually in a selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blanche
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif., USA.
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Abstract
Heart transplantation is considered the treatment of choice for patients with advanced heart failure. Given the excellent results with transplantation, there has been growing pressure to liberalize eligibility criteria, especially with regard to age. Registry data and early reports have indicated that there may be increased posttransplantation mortality in older patients. A number of single-center reports have shown that survival of older patients may be similar to that of younger patients. The limited supply of donor hearts makes it imperative that careful consideration be given to transplantation results in older recipients and to the overall impact that expanding eligibility criteria for transplantation will have. The limited supply of donor hearts has also led to increased interest in the use of hearts from older donors. This review presents a current perspective on outcomes after heart transplantation in older recipients, use of older donor hearts, and the matching of donor and recipient risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, 90095-1679, USA.
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