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Gooskens SL, Houwing ME, Vujanic GM, Dome JS, Diertens T, Coulomb-l'Herminé A, Godzinski J, Pritchard-Jones K, Graf N, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma 50 years after its recognition: A narrative review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28124468 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare pediatric renal tumor with low malignant potential that most commonly occurs early in infancy. Treatment strategies are based on the few published CMN series, while a significant number of CMN patients have been described in case reports. The aim of this narrative review was to create an up-to-date overview of the literature. Complete surgical removal is curative in most cases. The risk of treatment-related mortality (both surgery- and chemotherapy-related) is relatively high in the first weeks of life, indicating that these young patients deserve special attention with respect to timing and type of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Gooskens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E Houwing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M Vujanic
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales/Cardiff, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - T Diertens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Coulomb-l'Herminé
- Department of Pathology, Hopitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Trousseau La Roche-Guyon, Paris, France
| | - J Godzinski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K Pritchard-Jones
- Cancer Section, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Graf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany
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Thompson PA, Chintagumpala M. Renal and hepatic tumors in the neonatal period. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 17:216-221. [PMID: 22595862 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal and hepatic tumors in neonates are extremely rare. Nevertheless it is important for clinicians to be familiar with them. Both renal and hepatic neonatal tumors are heterogeneous collections of several tumor types. Some renal and hepatic tumors are benign and may require no interventions whereas others can be associated with significant morbidity and even mortality and may require multimodality treatment. Early diagnosis and initiation of the proper treatment plan is crucial for achieving the best outcomes for these rare tumors in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Thompson
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin St. 1410.00, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin St. 1410.00, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Abstract
Types of renal tumors arising in children are different from those occurring in adults. Nephroblastoma is the most common (85%) with a clinical outcome which has dramatically improved in the last 30 years. Current classifications are aimed at better adaptation of treatment to each individual case, reducing iatrogenic complications without impairing total cure. Amongst entities which have been recently described or are better known we can find juvenile carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation, renal medullary carcinoma, metanephric tumors, etc. Role of molecular cytogenetics is increasing for classification (and treatment) and this should always be kept in mind when dealing a fresh specimen of childhood renal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Annex Bldg, Room A204, 2373 N. Lincold Avenue, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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Abstract
Renal tumors other than Wilms' tumors are infrequent in childhood. Wilms' tumors account for 6% to 7% of childhood cancer, whereas the remaining renal tumors account for less than 1%. The most common non-Wilms' tumors are clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, renal cell carcinoma, mesoblastic nephroma, and multilocular cystic nephroma. Collectively, these tumors account for less than 10% of the primary renal neoplasms in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Broecker
- Section of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Bisceglia M, Carosi I, Vairo M, Zaffarano L, Bisceglia M, Creti G. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: report of a Case with review of the most significant literature. Pathol Res Pract 2000; 196:199-204. [PMID: 10729925 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(00)80101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is a rare pediatric tumor of the kidney with the highest peak of incidence during the first 3 postnatal months. It has previously been confused with Wilms' tumor (which, on the contrary, is rare during the first six months of age and is still considered a histogenetic congener). CMN almost always has a favourable prognosis. Therefore, CMN needs to be correctly diagnosed and differentiated from other pediatric renal neoplasms. Two morphological subtypes are currently distinguished histologically: the classical or leiomyomatous type and the atypical or cellular type. Mixed forms with a combination of the two patterns are also on record. Recurrence and even tumor-related death have been described in the literature and always related to the atypical form or to the mixed form, particularly in patients aged more than 3 months and in those cases in which the surgical removal was not complete. Opinions concerning post-surgical clinical management, especially in regard to adjuvant therapy, are not unanimous. METHODS A case of CMN, predominantly of the classical histological subtype diagnosed in a baby with a follow-up of 6 years, is herein presented. The tumor was discovered at birth and surgically removed after one month. Since the tumor showed a high mitotic index (one of the characteristics of the cellular subtype) and the perirenal fat was focally involved with the tumor, the possibility of giving adjuvant chemotherapy was considered. Flow cytometric analysis was also performed which showed a diploid DNA content of neoplastic cells. RESULTS The tumor was completely removed, surgical margins were free histologically, and no clear-cut histological features of the atypical subtype were noted. Flow cytometrically, it showed the euploid DNA content. Consequently no additional therapy was given. Six years after surgery the patient is developing well and is free of disease. He has regular follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS CMN almost always pursues a benign clinical course if diagnosed under three months of age and if totally surgically excised independent of histological type. Criteria for management of atypical cases are not unanimous in regard to the benefit of additional therapy after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bisceglia
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, IRCCS-Hospital Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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Campbell WG, Gahnem F, Catanzaro DF, James GD, Camargo MJ, Laragh JH, Sealey JE. Plasma and renal prorenin/renin, renin mRNA, and blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats. Hypertension 1996; 27:1121-33. [PMID: 8621206 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.27.5.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We measured plasma prorenin and renin levels, renal renin mRNA, renal anti-renin and anti-prorenin-prosequence immunoreactivity, and blood pressure in maturing Brookhaven Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) and salt-resistant (Dahl R) rats during 14 days of low (0%), medium (0.4%), or high 4%) NaCl diets. Blood pressure was higher in Dahl S rats and did not increase with high NaCl. Seven-week-old Dahl R rats had twofold and sixfold higher levels of plasma prorenin and renal prosequence immunoreactivity, respectively, which by 9 weeks were the same as in Dahl S rats. The anti-renin antiserum, BR1-5, was found to detect prorenin better than renin; Dahl S rats had suppressed renal anti-renin immunoreactivity relative to Dahl-R rats. Dahl R rats were unresponsive to high NaCl, whereas in Dahl S rats, plasma renin and renal prosequence immunoreactivity fell by 90% (P < .01), renal anti-renin immunoreactivity and renal renin MRNA fell by 35% (P < .05 for both), and plasma prorenin fell by 30% (P = NS). NaCl depletion increased prorenin/renin parameters similarly in both strains. There were direct relationships among all of the prorenin/renin parameters. Between low and high salt diets in Dahl S rats, plasma renin increased 20-fold, plasma total renin (renin plus prorenin) and renal renin mRNA both increased threefold, and plasma prorenin increased twofold. The results indicate that under steady-state conditions, plasma and renal renin/prorenin parameters change concordantly and that plasma total renin (renin plus prorenin) reflects changes in renal renin mRNA. The lower blood pressure of Dahl R rats is associated with later maturation-related declines in plasma and renal prorenin. Suppression of plasma renin may delay the salt-induced blood pressure rise in Dahl S rats. Finally, the renin system and blood pressure of Dahl R rats have remarkable disregard for a high salt diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Campbell
- Cardiovascular Center, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Steinbrecher HA, Malone PS. Wilms' tumour and hypertension: incidence and outcome. BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1995; 76:241-3. [PMID: 7663919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1995.tb07683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and outcome of hypertension associated with Wilms' tumour and to reduce peri-operative morbidity by appropriate treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical and nursing case-notes of 17 consecutive patients with Wilms' tumour treated over a 5.5 year period (1989-1994) were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS Ten of 17 patients had hypertension, with a mean blood pressure of 150/103 mmHg (130-220 mmHg systolic and 85-145 mmHg diastolic). There was no significant difference between the hyper- and normotensive patients in their mode of presentation. Blood pressure was stabilized preoperatively in all the hypertensive patients. Perioperative monitoring in these patients was performed using arterial and central venous pressure lines. No patient had any peri-operative hyper- or hypotensive episodes caused by handling the tumour or after nephrectomy. Thirteen patients had a favourable histological diagnosis and all the hypertensive patients were in this group. The blood pressure of all patients returned to normal within 1 month of surgery. CONCLUSION Both the recognition of hypertension and appropriate peri-operative treatment is mandatory for the safe surgical management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Steinbrecher
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Wessex Regional Centre for Paediatric Surgery, Southampton General Hospital, UK
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8
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Carpenter PM, Mascarello JT, Krous HF, Kaplan GW. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: cytogenetic comparison to leiomyoma. PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY 1993; 13:435-41. [PMID: 8396768 DOI: 10.3109/15513819309048233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the karyotype analysis of a congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), a usually benign renal tumor occurring most commonly during early infancy. The tumor was composed of interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped cells and it displayed both the classic and cellular histologic patterns. Immunoperoxidase studies showed reactivity for vimentin and actin. The tumor cell karyotype included additional chromosomes 11 and an altered chromosome 12. Trisomy or tetrasomy of chromosome 11 is present in five of six reported cases and may represent a frequent alteration in the karyotype of the CMN. Furthermore, breakpoints in the q13-15 region of chromosome 12 are commonly seen in leiomyomas, which are histologically similar to the CMN. Thus, the karyotype described here illustrates another similarity between the two tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine
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Angulo JC, López JI, Ereño C, Flores N. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma, nephrocalcinosis, and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Surg Oncol 1991; 48:142-4. [PMID: 1656148 DOI: 10.1002/jso.2930480214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A cellular variant of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) occurring in a newborn is presented. Coincidental findings were congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS) and nephrocalcinotic hypercalcemia that reverted after nephrectomy. As of the day of writing, this multiple association has not been reported. The authors believe that both CMN and CHPS could be interpreted as fibroblastic proliferative-related entities. Transient hypercalcemia seems to be a paraneoplastic phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Angulo
- Servicio de Urología, Santo Hospital Civil de Bilbao, Spain
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Sigmund CD, Okuyama K, Ingelfinger J, Jones CA, Mullins JJ, Kane C, Kim U, Wu CZ, Kenny L, Rustum Y. Isolation and characterization of renin-expressing cell lines from transgenic mice containing a renin-promoter viral oncogene fusion construct. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)45460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Dezso B, Rady P, Morocz I, Varga E, Gomba S, Poulsen K, Kertai P. Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of dimethylnitrosamine-induced malignant mesenchymal renal tumor in F-344 rats. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1990; 116:372-8. [PMID: 2143998 DOI: 10.1007/bf01612920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal renal tumors in F-344 newborn rats were induced by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine. The induced tumors were successfully transplanted into adult rats under the renal capsule. Neither the primary nor the transplanted neoplasms from various generations of grafts changed their morphological features during the tumor passage, having the same cellularity with high mitotic activity and the tendency to invade the host kidney rapidly. On the basis of lectin histochemistry and immunohistology, the tumor proved to be a mesenchymal neoplasm without any obvious capacity of the proliferating cells to differentiate into any well-known organoid element normally found in mature renal parenchyma. However, the proliferating neoplastic cells were found to have a strong vimentin positivity with desmin expression. Ultrastructurally, myofilaments with attachment bodies characteristic of smooth muscle cells were generally present in various amounts in many tumor cells. In addition, on the basis of the physiological data and on kidney/tumor renin activity obtained, it is interesting to note that the tumor-graft-invaded kidneys retained their enzyme activity, despite the obvious loss of renal tissue including glomeruli. However, the immunohistochemical findings with anti-renin antibody have clearly shown that this is not due to a renin-producing tumor but rather to the surviving (probably) non-neoplastic arterioles retaining the capacity to produce renin. Although these arterioles have mostly been found next to necrotic areas, commonly occurring in dimethylnitrosamine-induced transplantable renal tumors, the question of a possible physiological role of renin in tumor necrosis or in angiogenesis has remained open.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dezso
- Department of Pathology, University Medical School, Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Malone PS, Duffy PG, Ransley PG, Risdon RA, Cook T, Taylor M. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma, renin production, and hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 1989; 24:599-600. [PMID: 2544716 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(89)80515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Between 1964 and 1987, 12 patients with mesoblastic nephroma were treated. The BP was measured preoperatively in five patients, four of whom were hypertensive. Following nephrectomy, the BP returned to normal. Plasma renin levels were measured in one patient; they were markedly elevated pre-operatively, but returned to normal following tumour excision. Immunoreactive renin staining, using a polyclonal antibody to human renin, was performed in the 12 patients. Staining was positive in ten patients. The most intense staining was noted in the areas of cortex entrapped within the tumour, and in perivascular spaces not associated with entrapped cortex. These findings suggest that hypertension secondary to increased tumour associated renin production is a feature of congenital mesoblastic nephroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Malone
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Paddington, London, England
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