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Yamaguchi H, Barrell WB, Faisal M, Liu KJ, Komatsu Y. Ciliary and non-ciliary functions of Rab34 during craniofacial bone development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 724:150174. [PMID: 38852507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like projection that controls cell development and tissue homeostasis. Although accumulated studies identify the molecular link between cilia and cilia-related diseases, the underlying etiology of ciliopathies has not been fully understood. In this paper, we determine the function of Rab34, a small GTPase, as a key regulator for controlling ciliogenesis and type I collagen trafficking in craniofacial development. Mechanistically, Rab34 is required to form cilia that control osteogenic proliferation, survival, and differentiation via cilia-mediated Hedgehog signaling. In addition, Rab34 is indispensable for regulating type I collagen trafficking from the ER to the Golgi. These results demonstrate that Rab34 has both ciliary and non-ciliary functions to regulate osteogenesis. Our study highlights the critical function of Rab34, which may contribute to understanding the novel etiology of ciliopathies that are associated with the dysfunction of RAB34 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William B Barrell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maryam Faisal
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University George R. Brown School of Engineering, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Park E, Kim BY, Lee S, Son KH, Bang J, Hong SH, Lee JW, Uhm KO, Kwak HJ, Lim HJ. Diesel exhaust particle exposure exacerbates ciliary and epithelial barrier dysfunction in the multiciliated bronchial epithelium models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116090. [PMID: 38364346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelium, the first defense barrier of the respiratory system, facilitates mucociliary clearance against inflammatory stimuli, such as pathogens and particulates inhaled into the airway and lung. Inhaled particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) can penetrate the alveolar region of the lung, and it can develop and exacerbate respiratory diseases. Although the pathophysiological effects of PM2.5 in the respiratory system are well known, its impact on mucociliary clearance of airway epithelium has yet to be clearly defined. In this study, we used two different 3D in vitro airway models, namely the EpiAirway-full-thickness (FT) model and a normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE)-based air-liquid interface (ALI) system, to investigate the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) belonging to PM2.5 on mucociliary clearance. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses of EpiAirway-FT exposed to DEPs indicated that DEP-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to ciliary and microtubule function and inflammatory-related pathways. The exposure to DEPs significantly decreased the number of ciliated cells and shortened ciliary length. It reduced the expression of cilium-related genes such as acetylated α-tubulin, ARL13B, DNAH5, and DNAL1 in the NHBEs cultured in the ALI system. Furthermore, DEPs significantly increased the expression of MUC5AC, whereas they decreased the expression of epithelial junction proteins, namely, ZO1, Occludin, and E-cadherin. Impairment of mucociliary clearance by DEPs significantly improved the release of epithelial-derived inflammatory and fibrotic mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, MMP-1, VEGF, and S100A9. Taken together, it can be speculated that DEPs can cause ciliary dysfunction, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and the disruption of the epithelial barrier, resulting in the hyperproduction of lung injury mediators. Our data strongly suggest that PM2.5 exposure is directly associated with ciliary and epithelial barrier dysfunction and may exacerbate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 215565, South Korea
| | - Jihye Bang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Se Hyang Hong
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Joong Won Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Uhm
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin Univerisity, Seonbuk-Gu, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joung Lim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea.
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Schatten H. The Impact of Centrosome Pathologies on Ovarian Cancer Development and Progression with a Focus on Centrosomes as Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:37-64. [PMID: 38805124 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of centrosome abnormalities on cancer cell proliferation has been recognized as early as 1914 (Boveri, Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren. Jena: G. Fisher, 1914), but vigorous research on molecular levels has only recently started when it became fully apparent that centrosomes can be targeted for new cancer therapies. While best known for their microtubule-organizing capabilities as MTOC (microtubule organizing center) in interphase and mitosis, centrosomes are now further well known for a variety of different functions, some of which are related to microtubule organization and consequential activities such as cell division, migration, maintenance of cell shape, and vesicle transport powered by motor proteins, while other functions include essential roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolic activities, signal transduction, proteolytic activity, and several others that are now heavily being investigated for their role in diseases and disorders (reviewed in Schatten and Sun, Histochem Cell Biol 150:303-325, 2018; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:43-50, 2022a; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:17-35, 2022b).Cancer cell centrosomes differ from centrosomes in noncancer cells in displaying specific abnormalities that include phosphorylation abnormalities, overexpression of specific centrosomal proteins, abnormalities in centriole and centrosome duplication, formation of multipolar spindles that play a role in aneuploidy and genomic instability, and several others that are highlighted in the present review on ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cell centrosomes, like those in other cancers, display complex abnormalities that in part are based on the heterogeneity of cells in the cancer tissues resulting from different etiologies of individual cancer cells that will be discussed in more detail in this chapter.Because of the critical role of centrosomes in cancer cell proliferation, several lines of research are being pursued to target centrosomes for therapeutic intervention to inhibit abnormal cancer cell proliferation and control tumor progression. Specific centrosome abnormalities observed in ovarian cancer will be addressed in this chapter with a focus on targeting such aberrations for ovarian cancer-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Zhang Q, Yang S, Chen X, Wang H, Li K, Zhang C, Liao S, Qin L, Hou Q. Identification of novel TMEM231 gene splice variants and pathological findings in a fetus with Meckel Syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1252873. [PMID: 37736303 PMCID: PMC10509762 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1252873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meckel Syndrome (MKS, OMIM #249000) is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive ciliopathy with high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. MKS shows complex allelism with other related ciliopathies such as Joubert Syndrome (JBTS, OMIM #213300). In MKS, the formation and function of the primary cilium is defective, resulting in a multisystem disorder including occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, postaxial polydactyly, liver fibrosis, central nervous system malformations and genital anomalies. This study aimed to analyze the genotype of MKS patients and investigate the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Methods: A nonconsanguineous couple who conceived four times with a fetus affected by multiorgan dysfunction and intrauterine fetal death was studied. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the proband to identify the potentially pathogenic variant. Sanger sequencing was performed in family members. In silico tools were used to analyse the pathogenicity of the identified variants. cDNA TA-cloning sequencing was performed to validate the effects of intronic variants on mRNA splicing. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to investigate the effect of the variants on gene expression. Immunofluorescence was performed to observe pathological changes of the primary cilium in kidney tissue from the proband. Results: Two splice site variants of TMEM231 (NM_001077418.2, c.583-1G>C and c.583-2_588delinsTCCTCCC) were identified in the proband, and the two variants have not been previously reported. The parents were confirmed as carriers. The two variants were predicted to be pathogenic by in silico tools and were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guideline. cDNA TA cloning analysis showed that both splice site variants caused a deletion of exon 5. RT-PCR revealed that the expression of TMEM231 was significantly decreased and immunofluorescence showed that the primary cilium was almost absent in the proband's kidney tissue. Conclusion: We reported the clinical, genetic, molecular and histochemical characterisation of a family affected by MKS. Our findings not only extended the mutation spectrum of the TMEM231 gene, but also revealed for the first time the pathological aetiology of primary cilia in humans and provide a basis for genetic counselling of the parents to their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuya Yang
- People’s Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keyan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Litao Qin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaofang Hou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Yan L, Yin H, Mi Y, Wu Y, Zheng Y. Deficiency of Wdr60 and Wdr34 cause distinct neural tube malformation phenotypes in early embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1084245. [PMID: 37228654 PMCID: PMC10203710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1084245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are specialized organelles that extend from plasma membrane, functioning as antennas for signal transduction and are involved in embryonic morphogenesis. Dysfunction of cilia lead to many developmental defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Heterodimer WDR60-WDR34 (WD repeat domain 60 and 34) are intermediate chains of motor protein dynein-2, which play important roles in ciliary retrograde transport. It has been reported that disruption of Wdr34 in mouse model results in NTDs and defects of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling. However, no Wdr60 deficiency mouse model has been reported yet. In this study, piggyBac (PB) transposon is used to interfere Wdr60 and Wdr34 expression respectively to establish Wdr60 PB/PB and Wdr34 PB/PB mouse models. We found that the expression of Wdr60 or Wdr34 is significantly decreased in the homozygote mice. Wdr60 homozygote mice die around E13.5 to E14.5, while Wdr34 homozygote mice die around E10.5 to E11.5. WDR60 is highly expressed in the head region at E10.5 and Wdr60 PB/PB embryos have head malformation. RNAseq and qRT-PCR experiments revealed that Sonic Hedgehog signaling is also downregulated in Wdr60 PB/PB head tissue, demonstrating that WDR60 is also required for promoting SHH signaling. Further experiments on mouse embryos also revealed that the expression levels of planar cell polarity (PCP) components such as CELSR1 and downstream signal molecule c-Jun were downregulated in WDR34 homozygotes compared to wildtype littermates. Coincidently, we observed much higher ratio of open cranial and caudal neural tube in Wdr34 PB/PB mice. CO-IP experiment showed that WDR60 and WDR34 both interact with IFT88, but only WDR34 interacts with IFT140. Taken together, WDR60 and WDR34 play overlapped and distinct functions in modulating neural tube development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailing Yin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwei Mi
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cheung SKK, Kwok J, Or PMY, Wong CW, Feng B, Choy KW, Chang RCC, Burbach JPH, Cheng ASL, Chan AM. Neuropathological signatures revealed by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis in Pten-deficient mouse models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6763. [PMID: 37185447 PMCID: PMC10130134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome is characterised by mutations in the human PTEN gene. We performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of neural tissues and primary cultures from heterozygous and homozygous Pten-knockout mice. The somatosensory cortex of heterozygous Pten-knockout mice was enriched in immune response and oligodendrocyte development Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Parallel proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to dendritic spine development, keratinisation and hamartoma signatures. However, primary astrocytes (ASTs) from heterozygous Pten-knockout mice were enriched in the extracellular matrix GO term, while primary cortical neurons (PCNs) were enriched in immediate-early genes. In ASTs from homozygous Pten-knockout mice, cilium-related activity was enriched, while PCNs exhibited downregulation of forebrain neuron generation and differentiation, implying an altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. By integrating DEPs with pre-filtered differentially expressed genes, we identified the enrichment of traits of intelligence, cognitive function and schizophrenia, while DEPs in ASTs were significantly associated with intelligence and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley K K Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jacinda Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Penelope M Y Or
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chi Wai Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Raymond C C Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - J Peter H Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Andrew M Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Safavian D, Kim MS, Xie H, El-Zeiry M, Palander O, Dai L, Collins RF, Froese C, Shannon R, Nagata KI, Trimble WS. Septin-mediated RhoA activation engages the exocyst complex to recruit the cilium transition zone. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e201911062. [PMID: 36912772 PMCID: PMC10039714 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are filamentous GTPases that play important but poorly characterized roles in ciliogenesis. Here, we show that SEPTIN9 regulates RhoA signaling at the base of cilia by binding and activating the RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor, ARHGEF18. GTP-RhoA is known to activate the membrane targeting exocyst complex, and suppression of SEPTIN9 causes disruption of ciliogenesis and mislocalization of an exocyst subunit, SEC8. Using basal body-targeted proteins, we show that upregulating RhoA signaling at the cilium can rescue ciliary defects and mislocalization of SEC8 caused by global SEPTIN9 depletion. Moreover, we demonstrate that the transition zone components, RPGRIP1L and TCTN2, fail to accumulate at the transition zone in cells lacking SEPTIN9 or depleted of the exocyst complex. Thus, SEPTIN9 regulates the recruitment of transition zone proteins on Golgi-derived vesicles by activating the exocyst via RhoA to allow the formation of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Safavian
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moshe S. Kim
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Xie
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha El-Zeiry
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliva Palander
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lu Dai
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard F. Collins
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Froese
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Shannon
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koh-ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - William S. Trimble
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Wesselman HM, Gatz AE, Wingert RA. Visualizing multiciliated cells in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 175:129-161. [PMID: 36967138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ciliated cells serve vital functions in the body ranging from mechano- and chemo-sensing to fluid propulsion. Specialized cells with bundles dozens to hundreds of motile cilia known as multiciliated cells (MCCs) are essential as well, where they direct fluid movement in locations such as the respiratory, central nervous and reproductive systems. Intriguingly, the appearance of MCCs has been noted in the kidney in several disease conditions, but knowledge about their contributions to the pathobiology of these states has remained a mystery. As the mechanisms contributing to ciliopathic diseases are not yet fully understood, animal models serve as valuable tools for studying cilia development and how alterations in ciliated cell function impacts disease progression. Like other vertebrates, the zebrafish, Danio rerio, has numerous ciliated tissues. Among these, the embryonic kidney (or pronephros) is comprised of both monociliated cells and MCCs and therefore provides a setting to investigate both ciliated cell fate choice and ciliogenesis. Considering the zebrafish nephron resembles the segmentation and function of human nephrons, the zebrafish provide a tractable model for studying conserved ciliogenesis pathways in vivo. In this chapter, we provide an overview of ciliated cells with a special focus on MCCs, and present a suite of methods that can be used to visualize ciliated cells and their features in the developing zebrafish. Further, these methods enable precise quantification of ciliated cell number and various cilia-related characteristics.
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9
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Pittman AE, Solecki DJ. Cooperation between primary cilia signaling and integrin receptor extracellular matrix engagement regulates progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the developing cerebellum. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1127638. [PMID: 36895790 PMCID: PMC9990755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1127638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitors and their neuronal progeny are bathed in extrinsic signals that impact critical decisions like the mode of cell division, how long they should reside in specific neuronal laminae, when to differentiate, and the timing of migratory decisions. Chief among these signals are secreted morphogens and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Among the many cellular organelles and cell surface receptors that sense morphogen and ECM signals, the primary cilia and integrin receptors are some of the most important mediators of extracellular signals. Despite years of dissecting the function of cell-extrinsic sensory pathways in isolation, recent research has begun to show that key pathways work together to help neurons and progenitors interpret diverse inputs in their germinal niches. This mini-review utilizes the developing cerebellar granule neuron lineage as a model that highlights evolving concepts on the crosstalk between primary cilia and integrins in the development of the most abundant neuronal type in the brains of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Pittman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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Genome Editing and Myocardial Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1396:53-73. [PMID: 36454459 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) has a strong genetic etiology, making it a likely candidate for therapeutic intervention using genetic editing. Complex genetics involving an orchestrated series of genetic events and over 400 genes are responsible for myocardial development. Cooperation is required from a vast series of genetic networks, and mutations in such can lead to CHD and cardiovascular abnormalities, affecting up to 1% of all live births. Genome editing technologies are becoming better studied and with time and improved logistics, CHD could be a prime therapeutic target. Syndromic, nonsyndromic, and cases of familial inheritance all involve identifiable causative mutations and thus have the potential for genome editing therapy. Mouse models are well-suited to study and predict clinical outcome. This review summarizes the anatomical and genetic timeline of myocardial development in both mice and humans, the potential of gene editing in typical CHD categories, as well as the use of mice thus far in reproducing models of human CHD and correcting the mutations that create them.
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11
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Wang J, Thomas HR, Thompson RG, Waldrep SC, Fogerty J, Song P, Li Z, Ma Y, Santra P, Hoover JD, Yeo NC, Drummond IA, Yoder BK, Amack JD, Perkins B, Parant JM. Variable phenotypes and penetrance between and within different zebrafish ciliary transition zone mutants. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049568. [PMID: 36533556 PMCID: PMC9844136 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meckel syndrome, nephronophthisis, Joubert syndrome and Bardet-Biedl syndrome are caused by mutations in proteins that localize to the ciliary transition zone (TZ). The phenotypically distinct syndromes suggest that these TZ proteins have differing functions. However, mutations in a single TZ gene can result in multiple syndromes, suggesting that the phenotype is influenced by modifier genes. We performed a comprehensive analysis of ten zebrafish TZ mutants, including mks1, tmem216, tmem67, rpgrip1l, cc2d2a, b9d2, cep290, tctn1, nphp1 and nphp4, as well as mutants in ift88 and ift172. Our data indicate that variations in phenotypes exist between different TZ mutants, supporting different tissue-specific functions of these TZ genes. Further, we observed phenotypic variations within progeny of a single TZ mutant, reminiscent of multiple disease syndromes being associated with mutations in one gene. In some mutants, the dynamics of the phenotype became complex with transitory phenotypes that are corrected over time. We also demonstrated that multiple-guide-derived CRISPR/Cas9 F0 'crispant' embryos recapitulate zygotic null phenotypes, and rapidly identified ciliary phenotypes in 11 cilia-associated gene candidates (ankfn1, ccdc65, cfap57, fhad1, nme7, pacrg, saxo2, c1orf194, ttc26, zmynd12 and cfap52).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Holly R. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robert G. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Waldrep
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joseph Fogerty
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Peu Santra
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Hoover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nan Cher Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Davis Center for Aging and Regeneration, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Brian Perkins
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John M. Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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12
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Kowal TJ, Dhande OS, Wang B, Wang Q, Ning K, Liu W, Berbari NF, Hu Y, Sun Y. Distribution of prototypical primary cilia markers in subtypes of retinal ganglion cells. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2176-2187. [PMID: 35434813 PMCID: PMC9219574 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) underlies several forms of retinal disease including glaucomatous optic neuropathy, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Several rare genetic disorders associated with cilia dysfunction have retinal degeneration as a clinical hallmark. Much of the focus of ciliopathy associated blindness is on the connecting cilium of photoreceptors; however, RGCs also possess primary cilia. It is unclear what roles RGC cilia play, what proteins and signaling machinery localize to RGC cilia, or how RGC cilia are differentiated across the subtypes of RGCs. To better understand these questions, we assessed the presence or absence of a prototypical cilia marker Arl13b and a widely distributed neuronal cilia marker AC3 in different subtypes of mouse RGCs. Interestingly, not all RGC subtype cilia are the same and there are significant differences even among these standard cilia markers. Alpha-RGCs positive for osteopontin, calretinin, and SMI32 primarily possess AC3-positive cilia. Directionally selective RGCs that are CART positive or Trhr positive localize either Arl13b or AC3, respectively, in cilia. Intrinsically photosensitive RGCs differentially localize Arl13b and AC3 based on melanopsin expression. Taken together, we characterized the localization of gold standard cilia markers in different subtypes of RGCs and conclude that cilia within RGC subtypes may be differentially organized. Future studies aimed at understanding RGC cilia function will require a fundamental ability to observe the cilia across subtypes as their signaling protein composition is elucidated. A comprehensive understanding of RGC cilia may reveal opportunities to understanding how their dysfunction leads to retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia J. Kowal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Onkar S. Dhande
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Wendy Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Nicolas F. Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis IN 46202 USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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13
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Qian W, Liu X, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhang J, Li H, Zhong Q, Li C, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Pan W. Whole-exome sequencing identified novel variants in CPLANE1 that causes oral-facial-digital syndrome Ⅵ by inducing primary cilia abnormality. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3213-3222. [PMID: 35582950 PMCID: PMC9170817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral‐facial‐digital syndrome (OFDS) is a multisystemic ciliopathic disorder with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. OFDS usually manifests with typical craniofacial anomalies and variable occurrence of polydactyly. Germline variants in CPLANE1 cause OFDS VI. In this study, we investigated a 26‐year‐old Chinese female patient who was 23+1 weeks pregnant. She had a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes with multiple foetal malformations. We performed ultrasonography and identified the foetus as having a posterior fossa Blake cyst and postaxial polydactyly. The patient decided to terminate her pregnancy, and further genetic molecular analysis was performed. We identified the aborted foetus as having postaxial polydactyly. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a missense variant (c.3599C>T, p.A1200V) in exon 20 and a c.834+1G>T variant in exon 7 of CPLANE1 (NM_023073.3) in the foetus. Sanger sequencing confirmed that these variants came from the parents of the foetus. In this study, we investigated a family with OFDS VI through genetic testing and bioinformatics analysis, which provided powerful help for prenatal diagnosis. Then, we demonstrated that the cell migration rate and the number of cilia were decreased after interference with CPLANE1 expression in NIH/3T3 cells. After CPLANE1 knockdown, the Hh signalling pathway was inhibited, and the Hh pathway activator SAG reversed the inhibitory effect. This is the first report of a family with OFDS VI in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qian
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haizhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zunlun Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center in Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Khan SA, Khan S, Muhammad N, Rehman ZU, Khan MA, Nasir A, Kalsoom UE, Khan AK, Khan H, Wasif N. The First Report of a Missense Variant in RFX2 Causing Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis in a Consanguineous Pakistani Family. Front Genet 2022; 12:782653. [PMID: 35145545 PMCID: PMC8822170 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.782653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The syndromic and non-syndromic congenital missing teeth phenotype is termed tooth agenesis. Since tooth agenesis is a heterogeneous disorder hence, the patients show diverse absent teeth phenotypes. Thus identifying novel genes involved in the morphogenesis of ectodermal appendages, including teeth, paves the way for establishing signaling pathways.Methods and Results: We have recruited an autosomal recessive non-syndromic tooth agenesis family with two affected members. The exome sequencing technology identified a novel missense sequence variant c.1421T > C; p.(Ile474Thr) in a regulatory factor X (RFX) family member (RFX2, OMIM: 142,765). During the data analysis eight rare variants on various chromosomal locations were identified, but the co-segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of only two variants RFX2: c.1421T > C; p.(Ile474Thr), DOHH: c.109C > G; p.(Pro37Ala) lying in a common 7.1 MB region of homozygosity on chromosome 19p13.3. Furthermore, the online protein prediction algorithms and protein modeling analysis verified the RFX2 variant as a damaging genetic alteration and ACMG pathogenicity criteria classified it as likely pathogenic. On the other hand, the DOHH variant showed benign outcomes.Conclusion:RFX2 regulates the Hedgehog and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways, which are involved in the epithelial and mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. Prior animal model studies have confirmed the expression of rfx2 at a developmental stage governing mouth formation. Moreover, its regulatory role and close association with ciliary and non-ciliary genes causing various dental malformations makes it a potential candidate gene for tooth agenesis phenotype. Further studies will contribute to exploring the direct role of RFX2 in human tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Alam Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saadullah Khan, ; Naveed Wasif,
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Khan
- Dental Material, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Umm-e- Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Kamal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Wasif
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Saadullah Khan, ; Naveed Wasif,
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15
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Bai Y, Wei C, Li P, Sun X, Cai G, Chen X, Hong Q. Primary cilium in kidney development, function and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:952055. [PMID: 36072924 PMCID: PMC9441790 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.952055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like, microtubule-based organelle that is covered by the cell membrane and extends from the surface of most vertebrate cells. It detects and translates extracellular signals to direct various cellular signaling pathways to maintain homeostasis. It is mainly distributed in the proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney. Specific signaling transduction proteins localize to primary cilia. Defects in cilia structure and function lead to a class of diseases termed ciliopathies. The proper functioning of primary cilia is essential to kidney organogenesis and the maintenance of epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation. Persistent cilia dysfunction has a role in the early stages and progression of renal diseases, such as cystogenesis and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In this review, we focus on the central role of cilia in kidney development and illustrate how defects in cilia are associated with renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
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16
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Visualizing multiciliated cells in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Schatten H. The Centrosome Cycle within the Cell Cycle. THE CENTROSOME AND ITS FUNCTIONS AND DYSFUNCTIONS 2022; 235:17-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-20848-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Lindemann CB. The flagellar germ-line hypothesis: How flagellate and ciliate gametes significantly shaped the evolution of organismal complexity. Bioessays 2021; 44:e2100143. [PMID: 34967029 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This essay presents a hypothesis which contends that the development of organismic complexity in the eukaryotes depended extensively on propagation via flagellated and ciliated gametes. Organisms utilizing flagellate and ciliate gametes to propagate their germ line have contributed most of the organismic complexity found in the higher animals. The genes of the flagellum and the flagellar assembly system (intraflagellar transport) have played a disproportionately important role in the construction of complex tissues and organs. The hypothesis also proposes that competition between large numbers of haploid flagellated male gametes rigorously conserved the functionality of a key set of flagellar genes for more than 700 million years. This in turn has insured that a large set (>600) of highly functional cytoskeletal and signal pathway genes is always present in the lineage of organisms with flagellated or ciliated gametes to act as a dependable resource, or "toolkit," for organ elaboration.
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19
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Yamaguchi H, Kitami M, Uchima Koecklin KH, He L, Wang J, Lagor WR, Perrien DS, Komatsu Y. Temporospatial regulation of intraflagellar transport is required for the endochondral ossification in mice. Dev Biol 2021; 482:91-100. [PMID: 34929174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ciliogenic components, such as the family of intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins, are recognized to play key roles in endochondral ossification, a critical process to form most bones. However, the unique functions and roles of each IFT during endochondral ossification remain unclear. Here, we show that IFT20 is required for endochondral ossification in mice. Utilizing osteo-chondrocyte lineage-specific Cre mice (Prx1-Cre and Col2-Cre), we deleted Ift20 to examine its function. Although chondrocyte-specific Ift20 deletion with Col2-Cre mice did not cause any overt skeletal defects, mesoderm-specific Ift20 deletion using Prx1-Cre (Ift20:Prx1-Cre) mice resulted in shortened limb outgrowth. Primary cilia were absent on chondrocytes of Ift20:Prx1-Cre mice, and ciliary-mediated Hedgehog signaling was attenuated in Ift20:Prx1-Cre mice. Interestingly, loss of Ift20 also increased Fgf18 expression in the perichondrium that sustained Sox9 expression, thus preventing endochondral ossification. Inhibition of enhanced phospho-ERK1/2 activation partially rescued defective chondrogenesis in Ift20 mutant cells, supporting an important role for FGF signaling. Our findings demonstrate that IFT20 is a critical regulator of temporospatial FGF signaling that is required for endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Kitami
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel S Perrien
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30232, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Bentley-Ford MR, Andersen RS, Croyle MJ, Haycraft CJ, Clearman KR, Foote JB, Reiter JF, Yoder BK. ATXN10 Is Required for Embryonic Heart Development and Maintenance of Epithelial Cell Phenotypes in the Adult Kidney and Pancreas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705182. [PMID: 34970537 PMCID: PMC8712648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atxn10 is a gene known for its role in cytokinesis and is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA10), a slowly progressing cerebellar syndrome caused by an intragenic pentanucleotide repeat expansion. Atxn10 is also implicated in the ciliopathy syndromes nephronophthisis (NPHP) and Joubert syndrome (JBTS), which are caused by the disruption of cilia function leading to nephron loss, impaired renal function, and cerebellar hypoplasia. How Atxn10 disruption contributes to these disorders remains unknown. Here, we generated Atxn10 congenital and conditional mutant mouse models. Our data indicate that while ATXN10 protein can be detected around the base of the cilium as well as in the cytosol, its loss does not cause overt changes in cilia formation or morphology. Congenital loss of Atxn10 results in embryonic lethality around E10.5 associated with pericardial effusion and loss of trabeculation. Similarly, tissue-specific loss of ATXN10 in the developing endothelium (Tie2-Cre) and myocardium (cTnT-Cre) also results in embryonic lethality with severe cardiac malformations occurring in the latter. Using an inducible Cagg-CreER to disrupt ATXN10 systemically at postnatal stages, we show that ATXN10 is also required for survival in adult mice. Loss of ATXN10 results in severe pancreatic and renal abnormalities leading to lethality within a few weeks post ATXN10 deletion in adult mice. Evaluation of these phenotypes further identified rapid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in these tissues. In the pancreas, the phenotype includes signs of both acinar to ductal metaplasia and EMT with aberrant cilia formation and severe defects in glucose homeostasis related to pancreatic insufficiency or defects in feeding or nutrient intake. Collectively, this study identifies ATXN10 as an essential protein for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Bentley-Ford
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Reagan S. Andersen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mandy J. Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Courtney J. Haycraft
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kelsey R. Clearman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeremy B. Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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21
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Heidari M, Gharshasbi H, Isazadeh A, Soleyman-Nejad M, Taskhiri MH, Shapouri J, Bolhassani M, Sadighi N, Heidari M. Identification of Two Novel Mutations in PKHD1 Gene from Two Families with Polycystic Kidney Disease by Whole Exome Sequencing. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:232-236. [PMID: 34975292 PMCID: PMC8640847 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210219111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the PKHD1 gene on chromosome 6 (6p12), a large gene spanning 470 kb of genomic DNA. Objective The aim of the present study was to report newly identified mutations in the PKHD1 gene in two Iranian families with PKD. Materials and Methods Genetic alterations of a 3-month-old boy and a 27-year-old girl with PKD were evaluated using whole-exome sequencing. The PCR direct sequencing was performed to analyse the co-segregation of the variants with the disease in the family. Finally, the molecular function of the identified novel mutations was evaluated by in silico study. Results In the 3 month-old boy, a novel homozygous frameshift mutation was detected in the PKHD1 gene, which can cause PKD. Moreover, we identified three novel heterozygous missense mutations in ATIC, VPS13B, and TP53RK genes. In the 27-year-old woman, with two recurrent abortions history and two infant mortalities at early weeks due to metabolic and/or renal disease, we detected a novel missense mutation on PKHD1 gene and a novel mutation in ETFDH gene. Conclusion In general, we have identified two novel mutations in the PKHD1 gene. These molecular findings can help accurately correlate genotype and phenotype in families with such disease in order to reduce patient births through preoperative genetic diagnosis or better management of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Heidari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Gharshasbi
- Department of Genetics, Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Javad Shapouri
- Pediatric Clinical Research and Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Sadighi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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22
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Cumulative Damage: Cell Death in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081911. [PMID: 34440681 PMCID: PMC8393895 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately 11% of all infants are born preterm, prior to 37 weeks’ gestation. In these high-risk neonates, encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of both morbidity and mortality, especially for neonates who are born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation). EoP encompasses numerous types of preterm birth-related brain abnormalities and injuries, and can culminate in a diverse array of neurodevelopmental impairments. Of note, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) can be conceptualized as a severe manifestation of EoP. PHHP impacts the immature neonatal brain at a crucial timepoint during neurodevelopment, and can result in permanent, detrimental consequences to not only cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, but also to white and gray matter development. In this review, the relevant literature related to the diverse mechanisms of cell death in the setting of PHHP will be thoroughly discussed. Loss of the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, ependymal cells and their motile cilia, and cellular structures within the glymphatic system are of particular interest. Greater insights into the injuries, initiating targets, and downstream signaling pathways involved in excess cell death shed light on promising areas for therapeutic intervention. This will bolster current efforts to prevent, mitigate, and reverse the consequential brain remodeling that occurs as a result of hydrocephalus and other components of EoP.
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23
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Ng XW, Chung YH, Piston DW. Intercellular Communication in the Islet of Langerhans in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2191-2225. [PMID: 34190340 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose homeostasis requires proper function of pancreatic islets, which secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from the β-, α-, and δ-cells, respectively. Each islet cell type is equipped with intrinsic mechanisms for glucose sensing and secretory actions, but these intrinsic mechanisms alone cannot explain the observed secretory profiles from intact islets. Regulation of secretion involves interconnected mechanisms among and between islet cell types. Islet cells lose their normal functional signatures and secretory behaviors upon dispersal as compared to intact islets and in vivo. In dispersed islet cells, the glucose response of insulin secretion is attenuated from that seen from whole islets, coordinated oscillations in membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ activity, as well as the two-phase insulin secretion profile, are missing, and glucagon secretion displays higher basal secretion profile and a reverse glucose-dependent response from that of intact islets. These observations highlight the critical roles of intercellular communication within the pancreatic islet, and how these communication pathways are crucial for proper hormonal and nonhormonal secretion and glucose homeostasis. Further, misregulated secretions of islet secretory products that arise from defective intercellular islet communication are implicated in diabetes. Intercellular communication within the islet environment comprises multiple mechanisms, including electrical synapses from gap junctional coupling, paracrine interactions among neighboring cells, and direct cell-to-cell contacts in the form of juxtacrine signaling. In this article, we describe the various mechanisms that contribute to proper islet function for each islet cell type and how intercellular islet communications are coordinated among the same and different islet cell types. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2191-2225, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue W Ng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yong H Chung
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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24
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Pereira RC, Gitomer BY, Chonchol M, Harris PC, Noche KJ, Salusky IB, Albrecht LV. Characterization of Primary Cilia in Osteoblasts Isolated From Patients With ADPKD and CKD. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10464. [PMID: 33869988 PMCID: PMC8046038 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and leads to a specific type of bone disease. The primary cilium is a major cellular organelle implicated in the pathophysiology of ADPKD caused by mutations in polycystin-1 (PKD1) and polycystin-2 (PKD2). In this study, for the first time, cilia were characterized in primary preosteoblasts isolated from patients with ADPKD. All patients with ADPKD had low bone turnover and primary osteoblasts were also obtained from patients with non-ADPKD CKD with low bone turnover. Image-based immunofluorescence assays analyzed cilia using standard markers, pericentrin, and acetylated-α-tubulin, where cilia induction and elongation were chosen as relevant endpoints for these initial investigations. Osteoblastic activity was examined by measuring alkaline phosphatase levels and mineralized matrix deposition rates. It was found that primary cilia can be visualized in patient-derived osteoblasts and respond to elongation treatments. Compared with control cells, ADPKD osteoblasts displayed abnormal cilia elongation that was significantly more responsive in cells with PKD2 nontruncating mutations and PKD1 mutations. In contrast, non-ADPKD CKD osteoblasts were unresponsive and had shorter cilia. Finally, ADPKD osteoblasts showed increased rates of mineralized matrix deposition compared with non-ADPKD CKD. This work represents the first study of cilia in primary human-derived osteoblasts from patients with CKD and patients with ADPKD who have normal kidney function, offering new insights as bone disease phenotypes are not well recapitulated in animal models. These data support a model whereby altered cilia occurs in PKD-mutated osteoblasts, and that ADPKD-related defects in bone cell activity and mineralization are distinct from adynamic bone disease from patients with non-ADPKD CKD. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCL Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Berenice Y Gitomer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Kathleen J Noche
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCL Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCL Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Lauren V Albrecht
- Department of Biological Chemistry David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
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25
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Rao VG, Kulkarni SS. Xenopus to the rescue: A model to validate and characterize candidate ciliopathy genes. Genesis 2021; 59:e23414. [PMID: 33576572 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are present on most vertebrate cells and play a central role in development, growth, and homeostasis. Thus, cilia dysfunction can manifest into an array of diseases, collectively termed ciliopathies, affecting millions of lives worldwide. Yet, our understanding of the gene regulatory networks that control cilia assembly and functions remain incomplete. With the advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, we can now rapidly predict pathogenic variants from hundreds of ciliopathy patients. While the pace of candidate gene discovery is exciting, most of these genes have never been previously implicated in cilia assembly or function. This makes assigning the disease causality difficult. This review discusses how Xenopus, a genetically tractable and high-throughput vertebrate model, has played a central role in identifying, validating, and characterizing candidate ciliopathy genes. The review is focused on multiciliated cells (MCCs) and diseases associated with MCC dysfunction. MCCs harbor multiple motile cilia on their apical surface to generate extracellular fluid flow inside the airway, the brain ventricles, and the oviduct. In Xenopus, these cells are external and present on the embryonic epidermal epithelia, facilitating candidate genes analysis in MCC development in vivo. The ability to introduce patient variants to study their effects on disease progression makes Xenopus a powerful model to improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and explain the patient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramanan G Rao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Saurabh S Kulkarni
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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26
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Castaneyra-Ruiz L, McAllister JP, Morales DM, Brody SL, Isaacs AM, Limbrick DD. Preterm intraventricular hemorrhage in vitro: modeling the cytopathology of the ventricular zone. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:46. [PMID: 32690048 PMCID: PMC7372876 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the most devastating neurological complications in preterm infants, with the majority suffering long-term neurological morbidity and up to 50% developing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). Despite the importance of this disease, its cytopathological mechanisms are not well known. An in vitro model of IVH is required to investigate the effects of blood and its components on the developing ventricular zone (VZ) and its stem cell niche. To address this need, we developed a protocol from our accepted in vitro model to mimic the cytopathological conditions of IVH in the preterm infant. METHODS Maturing neuroepithelial cells from the VZ were harvested from the entire lateral ventricles of wild type C57BL/6 mice at 1-4 days of age and expanded in proliferation media for 3-5 days. At confluence, cells were re-plated onto 24-well plates in differentiation media to generate ependymal cells (EC). At approximately 3-5 days, which corresponded to the onset of EC differentiation based on the appearance of multiciliated cells, phosphate-buffered saline for controls or syngeneic whole blood for IVH was added to the EC surface. The cells were examined for the expression of EC markers of differentiation and maturation to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the effect of blood exposure on VZ transition from neuroepithelial cells to EC. DISCUSSION This protocol will allow investigators to test cytopathological mechanisms contributing to the pathology of IVH with high temporal resolution and query the impact of injury to the maturation of the VZ. This technique recapitulates features of normal maturation of the VZ in vitro, offering the capacity to investigate the developmental features of VZ biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - James P McAllister
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Diego M Morales
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Albert M Isaacs
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine and the St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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27
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Ciliary Genes in Renal Cystic Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040907. [PMID: 32276433 PMCID: PMC7226761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles, protruding from the apical cell surface and anchoring to the cytoskeleton. Primary (nonmotile) cilia of the kidney act as mechanosensors of nephron cells, responding to fluid movements by triggering signal transduction. The impaired functioning of primary cilia leads to formation of cysts which in turn contribute to development of diverse renal diseases, including kidney ciliopathies and renal cancer. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of ciliary genes in kidney ciliopathies and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Special focus is given on the impact of mutations and altered expression of ciliary genes (e.g., encoding polycystins, nephrocystins, Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins, ALS1, Oral-facial-digital syndrome 1 (OFD1) and others) in polycystic kidney disease and nephronophthisis, as well as rare genetic disorders, including syndromes of Joubert, Meckel-Gruber, Bardet-Biedl, Senior-Loken, Alström, Orofaciodigital syndrome type I and cranioectodermal dysplasia. We also show that RCC and classic kidney ciliopathies share commonly disturbed genes affecting cilia function, including VHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor), PKD1 (polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting) and PKD2 (polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel). Finally, we discuss the significance of ciliary genes as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in ciliopathies and cancer.
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28
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SIRT2 Affects Primary Cilia Formation by Regulating mTOR Signaling in Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062240. [PMID: 32213867 PMCID: PMC7139600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT2, a member of the Class III HDAC family, participates in diverse cellular processes and regulates several pathological conditions. Although a few reports show that SIRT2 regulates the cell cycle, the causes and outcomes of SIRT2-dependent cell proliferation remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of SIRT2 suppression in human RPE1 cells using siRNA targeting SIRT2, and AK-1, a SIRT2-specific inhibitor. The number of primary cilia in SIRT2-suppressed cells increased under serum-present conditions. Suppressing SIRT2 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by inactivating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, possibly through mTORC1. Treatment with torin 1, an inhibitor of mTORC1/mTORC2, yielded results similar to those observed after SIRT2 suppression. However, SIRT2 suppression did not affect primary cilia formation or mTOR signaling following serum starvation. This suggests that SIRT2 acts as a critical sensor that links growth factor-dependent signal transduction and primary cilia formation by regulating the cell cycle.
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29
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Irie R, Nakazawa A, Sakamoto S, Takeda M, Yanagi Y, Shimizu S, Uchida H, Fukuda A, Miyazaki O, Nosaka S, Kasahara M. Living donor liver transplantation for congenital hepatic fibrosis in children. Pathol Int 2020; 70:348-354. [PMID: 32118333 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) often accompanies autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), which stems from a PKHD1 gene mutation. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognosis of children with CHF who received living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) from donors who might be heterozygous carriers of a hepatorenal fibrocystic disease. Fourteen children with CHF who underwent LDLT at our center were enrolled. Eight and two patients had ARPKD and nephronophthisis, respectively. Eight of the donors were the recipients' fathers, and six donors were their mothers. We examined the histological and radiological findings of the donor livers and complications in the recipients following the liver transplantation. Seven of the donor livers presented morphological abnormalities of the bile ducts. Abdominal computed tomography revealed liver cysts in eight donors. One recipient underwent re-LT for graft failure due to rejection. Three patients presented with rejection, and one presented with sepsis. The overall survival rate was 100% and the original graft survival rate was 93%. In conclusion, the prognosis of recipients who received a LDLT from their parents for CHF was excellent. However, the morphology of half the donor livers was abnormal. Careful follow-up is needed to ensure long-term graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Irie
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakazawa
- Department of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seisuke Sakamoto
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeda
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Shimizu
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinari Fukuda
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Nosaka
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Alsomali MI, Yearsley MM, Levin DM, Chen W. Diagnosis of Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Adulthood. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 153:119-125. [PMID: 31584623 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied clinicopathologic features of congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) that could aid the diagnosis of this relatively rare condition during adulthood. METHODS Five consecutive adult CHF cases were identified in a single institution. RESULTS Clinical manifestations of CHF varied from asymptomatic to requiring liver transplantation. Three of five cases had other disease associations, including Joubert syndrome, Caroli disease, polycystic kidney disease, and congenital anomaly of hepatic vasculature. No unique common radiologic findings were found. Histologically, all cases showed characteristic abnormal interlobular bile ducts embedded in fibrotic portal stroma, with varying degrees of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS While other disease associations and characteristic liver histomorphology are helpful clues to suspect the diagnosis of CHF in adult patients, other differential diagnoses should be excluded clinically and radiologically. This study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach by pathologists, radiologists, and hepatologists for the accurate diagnosis of CHF during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Alsomali
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Martha M Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Douglas M Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
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31
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Actin-based regulation of ciliogenesis - The long and the short of it. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 102:132-138. [PMID: 31862221 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary cilia is found on the mammalian cell surface where it serves as an antenna for the reception and transmission of a variety of cellular signaling pathways. At its core the cilium is a microtubule-based organelle, but it is clear that its assembly and function are dependent upon the coordinated regulation of both actin and microtubule dynamics. In particular, the discovery that the centrosome is able to act as both a microtubule and actin organizing centre implies that both cytoskeletal networks are acting directly on the process of cilia assembly. In this review, we set our recent results with the formin FHDC1 in the context of current reports that show each stage of ciliogenesis is impacted by changes in actin dynamics. These include direct effects of actin filament assembly on basal body positioning, vesicle trafficking to and entry into the cilium, cilia length, cilia membrane organization and cilia-dependent signaling.
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32
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Shivanna M, Anand M, Chakrabarti S, Khanna H. Ocular Ciliopathies: Genetic and Mechanistic Insights into Developing Therapies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3120-3131. [PMID: 30221600 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180917102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing suitable medicines for genetic diseases requires a detailed understanding of not only the pathways that cause the disease, but also the identification of the genetic components involved in disease manifestation. This article focuses on the complexities associated with ocular ciliopathies - a class of debilitating disorders of the eye caused by ciliary dysfunction. Ciliated cell types have been identified in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Photoreceptors (rods and cones) are the most studied ciliated neurons in the retina, which is located in the posterior eye. The photoreceptors contain a specialized lightsensing outer segment, or cilium. Any defects in the development or maintenance of the outer segment can result in severe retinal ciliopathies, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. A role of cilia in the cell types involved in regulating aqueous fluid outflow in the anterior segment of the eye has also been recognized. Defects in these cell types are frequently associated with some forms of glaucoma. Here, we will discuss the significance of understanding the genetic heterogeneity and the pathogenesis of ocular ciliopathies to develop suitable treatment strategies for these blinding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Shivanna
- School of Optometry, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Manisha Anand
- UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | | | - Hemant Khanna
- UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
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33
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Lessieur EM, Song P, Nivar GC, Piccillo EM, Fogerty J, Rozic R, Perkins BD. Ciliary genes arl13b, ahi1 and cc2d2a differentially modify expression of visual acuity phenotypes but do not enhance retinal degeneration due to mutation of cep290 in zebrafish. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213960. [PMID: 30970040 PMCID: PMC6457629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene Centrosomal Protein 290 kDa (CEP290) result in multiple ciliopathies ranging from the neonatal lethal disorder Meckel-Gruber Syndrome to multi-systemic disorders such as Joubert Syndrome and Bardet-Biedl Syndrome to nonsyndromic diseases like Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) and retinitis pigmentosa. Results from model organisms and human genetics studies, have suggest that mutations in genes encoding protein components of the transition zone (TZ) and other cilia-associated proteins can function as genetic modifiers and be a source for CEP290 pleiotropy. We investigated the zebrafish cep290fh297/fh297 mutant, which encodes a nonsense mutation (p.Q1217*). This mutant is viable as adults, exhibits scoliosis, and undergoes a slow, progressive cone degeneration. The cep290fh297/fh297 mutants showed partial mislocalization of the transmembrane protein rhodopsin but not of the prenylated proteins rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) or the rod transducin subunit GNB1. Surprisingly, photoreceptor degeneration did not trigger proliferation of Müller glia, but proliferation of rod progenitors in the outer nuclear layer was significantly increased. To determine if heterozygous mutations in other cilia genes could exacerbate retinal degeneration, we bred cep290fh297/fh297 mutants to arl13b, ahi1, and cc2d2a mutant zebrafish lines. While cep290fh297/fh297 mutants lacking a single allele of these genes did not exhibit accelerated photoreceptor degeneration, loss of one alleles of arl13b or ahi1 reduced visual performance in optokinetic response assays at 5 days post fertilization. Our results indicate that the cep290fh297/fh297 mutant is a useful model to study the role of genetic modifiers on photoreceptor degeneration in zebrafish and to explore how progressive photoreceptor degeneration influences regeneration in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Lessieur
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle C. Nivar
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ellen M. Piccillo
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph Fogerty
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Richard Rozic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Perkins
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Cabaud O, Roubin R, Comte A, Bascunana V, Sergé A, Sedjaï F, Birnbaum D, Rosnet O, Acquaviva C. Mutation of FOP/FGFR1OP in mice recapitulates human short rib-polydactyly ciliopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3377-3391. [PMID: 29982567 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of bone and cartilage disorders. A total of 436 skeletal dysplasias are listed in the 2015 revised version of the nosology and classification of genetic skeletal disorders, of which nearly 20% are still genetically and molecularly uncharacterized. We report the clinical and molecular characterization of a lethal skeletal dysplasia of the short-rib group caused by mutation of the mouse Fop gene. Fop encodes a centrosomal and centriolar satellite (CS) protein. We show that Fop mutation perturbs ciliogenesis in vivo and that this leads to the alteration of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Fop mutation reduces CSs movements and affects pericentriolar material composition, which probably participates to the ciliogenesis defect. This study highlights the role of a centrosome and CSs protein producing phenotypes in mice that recapitulate a short rib-polydactyly syndrome when mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cabaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Régine Roubin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Comte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Bascunana
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Arnauld Sergé
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Fatima Sedjaï
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Rosnet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Acquaviva
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
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Kulkarni SS, Griffin JN, Date PP, Liem KF, Khokha MK. WDR5 Stabilizes Actin Architecture to Promote Multiciliated Cell Formation. Dev Cell 2018; 46:595-610.e3. [PMID: 30205038 PMCID: PMC6177229 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical to shape cells and pattern intracellular organelles, which collectively drives tissue morphogenesis. In multiciliated cells (MCCs), apical actin drives expansion of the cell surface necessary to host hundreds of cilia. The apical actin also forms a lattice to uniformly distribute basal bodies. This apical actin network is dynamically remodeled, but the molecules that regulate its architecture remain poorly understood. We identify the chromatin modifier, WDR5, as a regulator of apical F-actin in MCCs. Unexpectedly in MCCs, WDR5 has a function independent of chromatin modification. We discover a scaffolding role for WDR5 between the basal body and F-actin. Specifically, WDR5 binds to basal bodies and migrates apically, where F-actin organizes around WDR5. Using a monomer trap for G-actin, we show that WDR5 stabilizes F-actin to maintain lattice architecture. In summary, we identify a non-chromatin role for WDR5 in stabilizing F-actin in MCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Kulkarni
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - John N Griffin
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Priya P Date
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Karel F Liem
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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36
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Lewis WR, Bales KL, Revell DZ, Croyle MJ, Engle SE, Song CJ, Malarkey EB, Uytingco CR, Shan D, Antonellis PJ, Nagy TR, Kesterson RA, Mrug MM, Martens JR, Berbari NF, Gross AK, Yoder BK. Mks6 mutations reveal tissue- and cell type-specific roles for the cilia transition zone. FASEB J 2018; 33:1440-1455. [PMID: 30133325 PMCID: PMC6355093 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transition zone (TZ) is a domain at the base of the cilium that is involved in maintaining ciliary compartment-specific sensory and signaling activity by regulating cilia protein composition. Mutations in TZ proteins result in cilia dysfunction, often causing pleiotropic effects observed in a group of human diseases classified as ciliopathies. The purpose of this study is to describe the importance of the TZ component Meckel-Grüber syndrome 6 ( Mks6) in several organ systems and tissues regarding ciliogenesis and cilia maintenance using congenital and conditional mutant mouse models. Similar to MKS, congenital loss of Mks6 is embryonic lethal, displaying cilia loss and altered cytoskeletal microtubule modifications but only in specific cell types. Conditional Mks6 mutants have a variable cystic kidney phenotype along with severe retinal degeneration with mislocalization of phototransduction cascade proteins. However, other phenotypes, such as anosmia and obesity, which are typically associated with cilia and TZ dysfunction, were not evident. These data indicate that despite Mks6 being a core TZ component, it has tissue- or cell type-specific functions important for cilia formation and cilia sensory and signaling activities. Lewis, W. R., Bales, K. L., Revell, D. Z., Croyle, M. J., Engle, S. E., Song, C. J., Malarkey, E. B., Uytingco, C. R., Shan, D., Antonellis, P. J., Nagy, T. R., Kesterson, R. A., Mrug, M. M., Martens, J. R., Berbari, N. F., Gross, A. K., Yoder, B. K. Mks6 mutations reveal tissue- and cell type-specific roles for the cilia transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Lewis
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Katie L Bales
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dustin Z Revell
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mandy J Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Cheng Jack Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Erik B Malarkey
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dan Shan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Patrick J Antonellis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michal M Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alecia K Gross
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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37
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Functions and dysfunctions of the mammalian centrosome in health, disorders, disease, and aging. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:303-325. [PMID: 30062583 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery well over 100 years ago (Flemming, in Sitzungsber Akad Wissensch Wien 71:81-147, 1875; Van Beneden, in Bull Acad R Belg 42:35-97, 1876) the centrosome is increasingly being recognized as a most impactful organelle for its role not only as primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) but also as a major communication center for signal transduction pathways and as a center for proteolytic activities. Its significance for cell cycle regulation has been well studied and we now also know that centrosome dysfunctions are implicated in numerous diseases and disorders including cancer, Alstrom syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Huntington's disease, reproductive disorders, and several other diseases and disorders. The present review is meant to build on information presented in the previous review (Schatten, in Histochem Cell Biol 129:667-686, 2008) and to highlight functions of the mammalian centrosome in health, and dysfunctions in disorders, disease, and aging with six sections focused on (1) centrosome structure and functions, and new insights into the role of centrosomes in cell cycle progression; (2) the role of centrosomes in tumor initiation and progression; (3) primary cilia, centrosome-primary cilia interactions, and consequences for cell cycle functions in health and disease; (4) transitions from centrosome to non-centrosome functions during cellular polarization; (5) other centrosome dysfunctions associated with the pathogenesis of human disease; and (6) centrosome functions in oocyte germ cells and dysfunctions in reproductive disorders and reproductive aging.
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38
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Song P, Perkins BD. Developmental expression of the zebrafish Arf-like small GTPase paralogs arl13a and arl13b. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 29:82-87. [PMID: 30009987 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Arf-like (Arl) family of small GTP-binding proteins regulate a number of cellular functions and play important roles in cilia structure and signaling. The small GTPase Arl13a is a close paralog to Arl13b, a small GTPase required for normal cilia formation that causes Joubert Syndrome when mutated. As mutation of arl13b causes a slow retinal degeneration in zebrafish (Song et al., 2016), we hypothesized that expression of arl13a may provide functional redundancy. We determined the expression domains of arl13a and arl13b during zebrafish development and examined subcellular localization by expression of fluorescence fusion proteins. Both genes are widely expressed during early cell division and gastrulation and Arl13a and Arl13b both localize to microtubules in ciliated and dividing cells of the early zebrafish embryo. Between 2 and 5 days post fertilization (dpf), arl13b is expressed in neural tissues while expression of arl13a is downregulated by 2 dpf and restricted to craniofacial structures. These results indicate that arl13a and arl13b have evolved different roles and that arl13a does not function in the zebrafish retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Brian D Perkins
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Dionne LK, Shim K, Hoshi M, Cheng T, Wang J, Marthiens V, Knoten A, Basto R, Jain S, Mahjoub MR. Centrosome amplification disrupts renal development and causes cystogenesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2485-2501. [PMID: 29895697 PMCID: PMC6028550 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201710019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary centrosomes are commonly observed in cystic kidneys, but whether they are a cause or consequence of cystogenesis is unknown. Dionne et al. demonstrate that centrosome amplification disrupts renal development and is sufficient to induce cystogenesis in vivo. Centrosome number is tightly controlled to ensure proper ciliogenesis, mitotic spindle assembly, and cellular homeostasis. Centrosome amplification (the formation of excess centrosomes) has been noted in renal cells of patients and animal models of various types of cystic kidney disease. Whether this defect plays a causal role in cystogenesis remains unknown. Here, we investigate the consequences of centrosome amplification during kidney development, homeostasis, and after injury. Increasing centrosome number in vivo perturbed proliferation and differentiation of renal progenitors, resulting in defective branching morphogenesis and renal hypoplasia. Centrosome amplification disrupted mitotic spindle morphology, ciliary assembly, and signaling pathways essential for the function of renal progenitors, highlighting the mechanisms underlying the developmental defects. Importantly, centrosome amplification was sufficient to induce rapid cystogenesis shortly after birth. Finally, we discovered that centrosome amplification sensitized kidneys in adult mice, causing cystogenesis after ischemic renal injury. Our study defines a new mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of renal cystogenesis, and identifies a potentially new cellular target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Kuan Dionne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tao Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Amanda Knoten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Renata Basto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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40
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Abstract
TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate embryonic body plan. Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal tissues and the concurrent cellular movements of gastrulation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling patterns tissues along the dorsal-ventral axis and simultaneously directs the cell movements of convergence and extension. After gastrulation, a second wave of Nodal signaling breaks the symmetry between the left and right sides of the embryo. During these processes, elaborate regulatory feedback between TGF-β ligands and their antagonists direct the proper specification and patterning of embryonic tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of TGF-β family signaling in these processes. Although we cover principles that are involved in the development of all vertebrate embryos, we focus specifically on three popular model organisms: the mouse Mus musculus, the African clawed frog of the genus Xenopus, and the zebrafish Danio rerio, highlighting the similarities and differences between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zinski
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
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41
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Mohamed MAA, Stepp WL, Ökten Z. Reconstitution reveals motor activation for intraflagellar transport. Nature 2018; 557:387-391. [PMID: 29743676 PMCID: PMC5967604 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human body represents a striking example of ciliary diversification. Extending from the surface of most cells, cilia accomplish an astonishingly diverse set of tasks. Predictably, mutations in ciliary genes cause a wide range of human diseases such as male infertility or blindness. In C. elegans sensory cilia, this functional diversity appears to be traceable to the differential regulation of the kinesin-2-powered intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery. Here, we reconstituted the first functional, multi-component IFT complex that is deployed in the sensory cilia of C. elegans. Our bottom-up approach revealed the molecular basis of specific motor recruitment to the IFT trains. We identified the key component that incorporates homodimeric kinesin-2 into its physiologically relevant context which in turn allosterically activates the motor for efficient transport. These results lay the groundwork for a molecular delineation of IFT regulation that eluded understanding since its ground-breaking discovery more than two decades ago.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willi L Stepp
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Zeynep Ökten
- Physik Department E22, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany. .,Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Munich, Germany.
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42
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Ding Y, Herman JA, Toledo CM, Lang JM, Corrin P, Girard EJ, Basom R, Delrow JJ, Olson JM, Paddison PJ. ZNF131 suppresses centrosome fragmentation in glioblastoma stem-like cells through regulation of HAUS5. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48545-48562. [PMID: 28596487 PMCID: PMC5564707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger domain genes comprise ∼3% of the human genome, yet many of their functions remain unknown. Here we investigated roles for the vertebrate-specific BTB domain zinc finger gene ZNF131 in the context of human brain tumors. We report that ZNF131 is broadly required for Glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) viability, but dispensable for neural progenitor cell (NPC) viability. Examination of gene expression changes after ZNF131 knockdown (kd) revealed that ZNF131 activity notably promotes expression of Joubert Syndrome ciliopathy genes, including KIF7, NPHP1, and TMEM237, as well as HAUS5, a component of Augmin/HAUS complex that facilitates microtubule nucleation along the mitotic spindle. Of these genes only kd of HAUS5 displayed GSC-specific viability loss. Critically, HAUS5 ectopic expression was sufficient to suppress viability defects of ZNF131 kd cells. Moreover, ZNF131 and HAUS5 kd phenocopied each other in GSCs, each causing: mitotic arrest, centrosome fragmentation, loss of Augmin/HAUS complex on the mitotic spindle, and loss of GSC self-renewal and tumor formation capacity. In control NPCs, we observed centrosome fragmentation and lethality only when HAUS5 kd was combined with kd of HAUS2 or HAUS4, demonstrating that the complex is essential in NPCs, but that GSCs have heightened requirement. Our results suggest that GSCs differentially rely on ZNF131-dependent expression of HAUS5 as well as the Augmin/HAUS complex activity to maintain the integrity of centrosome function and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacob A Herman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chad M Toledo
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Nurix Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jackie M Lang
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip Corrin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily J Girard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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43
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Christie KR, Blake JA. Sensing the cilium, digital capture of ciliary data for comparative genomics investigations. Cilia 2018; 7:3. [PMID: 29713460 PMCID: PMC5907423 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-018-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cilia are specialized, hair-like structures that project from the cell bodies of eukaryotic cells. With increased understanding of the distribution and functions of various types of cilia, interest in these organelles is accelerating. To effectively use this great expansion in knowledge, this information must be made digitally accessible and available for large-scale analytical and computational investigation. Capture and integration of knowledge about cilia into existing knowledge bases, thus providing the ability to improve comparative genomic data analysis, is the objective of this work. Methods We focused on the capture of information about cilia as studied in the laboratory mouse, a primary model of human biology. The workflow developed establishes a standard for capture of comparative functional data relevant to human biology. We established the 310 closest mouse orthologs of the 302 human genes defined in the SYSCILIA Gold Standard set of ciliary genes. For the mouse genes, we identified biomedical literature for curation and used Gene Ontology (GO) curation paradigms to provide functional annotations from these publications. Results Employing a methodology for comprehensive capture of experimental data about cilia genes in structured, digital form, we established a workflow for curation of experimental literature detailing molecular function and roles of cilia proteins starting with the mouse orthologs of the human SYSCILIA gene set. We worked closely with the GO Consortium ontology development editors and the SYSCILIA Consortium to improve the representation of ciliary biology within the GO. During the time frame of the ontology improvement project, we have fully curated 134 of these 310 mouse genes, resulting in an increase in the number of ciliary and other experimental annotations. Conclusions We have improved the GO annotations available for mouse genes orthologous to the human genes in the SYSCILIA Consortium’s Gold Standard set. In addition, ciliary terminology in the GO itself was improved in collaboration with GO ontology developers and the SYSCILIA Consortium. These improvements to the GO terms for the functions and roles of ciliary proteins, along with the increase in annotations of the corresponding genes, enhance the representation of ciliary processes and localizations and improve access to these data during large-scale bioinformatic analyses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13630-018-0057-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Christie
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Judith A Blake
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
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Kinesin 1 regulates cilia length through an interaction with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome related protein CCDC28B. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3019. [PMID: 29445114 PMCID: PMC5813027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, renal disease and mental retardation. CCDC28B is a BBS-associated protein that we have previously shown plays a role in cilia length regulation whereby its depletion results in shortened cilia both in cells and Danio rerio (zebrafish). At least part of that role is achieved by its interaction with the mTORC2 component SIN1, but the mechanistic details of this interaction and/or additional functions that CCDC28B might play in the context of cilia remain poorly understood. Here we uncover a novel interaction between CCDC28B and the kinesin 1 molecular motor that is relevant to cilia. CCDC28B interacts with kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) and the heavy chain KIF5B. Notably, depletion of these kinesin 1 components results in abnormally elongated cilia. Furthermore, through genetic interaction studies we demonstrate that kinesin 1 regulates ciliogenesis through CCDC28B. We show that kinesin 1 regulates the subcellular distribution of CCDC28B, unexpectedly, inhibiting its nuclear accumulation, and a ccdc28b mutant missing a nuclear localization motif fails to rescue the phenotype in zebrafish morphant embryos. Therefore, we uncover a previously unknown role of kinesin 1 in cilia length regulation that relies on the BBS related protein CCDC28B.
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45
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The Impact of Centrosome Pathologies on Prostate Cancer Development and Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1095:67-81. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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46
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Prieto-Echagüe V, Lodh S, Colman L, Bobba N, Santos L, Katsanis N, Escande C, Zaghloul NA, Badano JL. BBS4 regulates the expression and secretion of FSTL1, a protein that participates in ciliogenesis and the differentiation of 3T3-L1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9765. [PMID: 28852127 PMCID: PMC5575278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a model ciliopathy. Although the characterization of BBS proteins has evidenced their involvement in cilia, extraciliary functions for some of these proteins are also being recognized. Importantly, understanding both cilia and cilia-independent functions of the BBS proteins is key to fully dissect the cellular basis of the syndrome. Here we characterize a functional interaction between BBS4 and the secreted protein FSTL1, a protein linked to adipogenesis and inflammation among other functions. We show that BBS4 and cilia regulate FSTL1 mRNA levels, but BBS4 also modulates FSTL1 secretion. Moreover, we show that FSTL1 is a novel regulator of ciliogenesis thus underscoring a regulatory loop between FSTL1 and cilia. Finally, our data indicate that BBS4, cilia and FSTL1 are coordinated during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and that FSTL1 plays a role in this process, at least in part, by modulating ciliogenesis. Therefore, our findings are relevant to fully understand the development of BBS-associated phenotypes such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Prieto-Echagüe
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Sukanya Lodh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Laura Colman
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Bobba
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Santos
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.,Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay
| | - Norann A Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay. .,INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo, CP11400, Uruguay.
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Han Y, Xiong Y, Shi X, Wu J, Zhao Y, Jiang J. Regulation of Gli ciliary localization and Hedgehog signaling by the PY-NLS/karyopherin-β2 nuclear import system. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002063. [PMID: 28777795 PMCID: PMC5544186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in vertebrates depends on primary cilia. Upon stimulation, Hh pathway components, including Gli transcription factors, accumulate at primary cilia to transduce the Hh signal, but the mechanisms underlying their ciliary targeting remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the PY-type nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS)/karyopherinβ2 (Kapβ2) nuclear import system regulates Gli ciliary localization and Hh pathway activation. Mutating the PY-NLS in Gli or knockdown of Kapβ2 diminished Gli ciliary localization. Kapβ2 is required for the formation of Gli activator (GliA) in wild-type but not in Sufu mutant cells. Knockdown of Kapβ2 affected Hh signaling in zebrafish embryos, as well as in vitro cultured cerebellum granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) and SmoM2-driven medulloblastoma cells. Furthermore, Kapβ2 depletion impaired the growth of cultured medulloblastoma cells, which was rescued by Gli overexpression. Interestingly, Kapβ2 is a transcriptional target of the Hh pathway, thus forming a positive feedback loop for Gli activation. Our study unravels the molecular mechanism and cellular machinery regulating Gli ciliary localization and identifies Kapβ2 as a critical regulator of the Hh pathway and a potential drug target for Hh-driven cancers. The secreted Hedgehog (Hh) protein plays an evolutionarily conserved role in both embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Malfunction of Hh signaling activity contributes to a wide range of human diseases, including birth defects and cancer. Hh signaling in vertebrates critically depends on the primary cilium, a microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusion present on the surface of most mammalian cells. Upon ligand stimulation, Hh pathway components, including the seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) and Gli transcription factors, accumulate at primary cilia to transduce the Hh signal, but the mechanisms underlying their ciliary targeting are still poorly understood. Here, we discover that the PY-type nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) and the nuclear import factor karyopherinβ2 (Kapβ2) regulate Gli ciliary localization and Hh pathway activity. Mutating the PY-NLS in Gli or knockdown of Kapβ2 diminished Gli ciliary localization without affecting Smo ciliary accumulation in response to Hh. Kapβ2 regulates the formation of the active form of Gli, which is required for proper Hh signaling in zebrafish embryos and cultured cerebellum granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs). Kapβ2 depletion impaired the growth of medulloblastoma cells driven by an oncogenic form of Smo. Finally, Kapβ2 is a transcriptional target of the Hh pathway, forming a positive feedback loop to promote Gli activation. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of Gli ciliary targeting and identifies Kapβ2 as a potential cancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, CAS, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanming Shi
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, CAS, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JJ); (YZ)
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJ); (YZ)
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Abstract
The primary cilium is an antenna-like, immotile organelle present on most types of mammalian cells, which interprets extracellular signals that regulate growth and development. Although once considered a vestigial organelle, the primary cilium is now the focus of considerable interest. We now know that ciliary defects lead to a panoply of human diseases, termed ciliopathies, and the loss of this organelle may be an early signature event during oncogenic transformation. Ciliopathies include numerous seemingly unrelated developmental syndromes, with involvement of the retina, kidney, liver, pancreas, skeletal system and brain. Recent studies have begun to clarify the key mechanisms that link cilium assembly and disassembly to the cell cycle, and suggest new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Sánchez
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, Smilow Research Building, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Brian David Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, Smilow Research Building, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Kumar S, Sharma G, Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Kim J. Regulatory functional territory of PLK-1 and their substrates beyond mitosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:37942-37962. [PMID: 28415805 PMCID: PMC5514964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) is a well-known (Ser/Thr) mitotic protein kinase and is considered as a proto-oncogene. As hyper-activation of PLK-1 is broadly associated with poor prognosis and cancer progression, it is one of the most extensively studied mitotic kinases. During mitosis, PLK-1 regulates various cell cycle events, such as spindle pole maturation, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. However, studies have demonstrated that the role of PLK-1 is not only restricted to mitosis, but PLK-1 can also regulate other vital events beyond mitosis, including transcription, translation, ciliogenesis, checkpoint adaptation and recovery, apoptosis, chromosomes dynamics etc. Recent reviews have tried to define the regulatory role of PLK-1 during mitosis progression and tumorigenesis, but its' functional role beyond mitosis is still largely unexplored. PLK-1 can regulate the activity of many proteins that work outside of its conventional territory. The dysregulation of these proteins can cause diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, tumorigenesis etc. and may also lead to drug resistance. Thus, in this review, we discussed the versatile role of PLK-1 and tried to collect data to validate its' functional role in cell cycle regulation apart from mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
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Brown JM, Mosley M, Montes-Berrueta D, Hou Y, Yang F, Scarbrough C, Witman GB, Wirschell M. Characterization of a new oda3 allele, oda3-6, defective in assembly of the outer dynein arm-docking complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173842. [PMID: 28291812 PMCID: PMC5349678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used an insertional mutagenesis approach to generate new C. reinhardtii motility mutants. Of 56 mutants isolated, one is a new allele at the ODA3 locus, called oda3-6. Similar to the previously characterized oda3 alleles, oda3-6 has a slow-jerky swimming phenotype and reduced swimming speed. The oda3-6 mutant fails to assemble the outer dynein arm motor and outer dynein arm—docking complex (ODA-DC) in the ciliary axoneme due to an insertion in the 5’ end of the DCC1 gene, which encodes the DC1 subunit of the ODA-DC. Transformation of oda3-6 with the wild-type DCC1 gene rescues the mutant swimming phenotype and restores assembly of the ODA-DC and the outer dynein arm in the cilium. This is the first oda3 mutant to be characterized at the molecular level and is likely to be very useful for further analysis of DC1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Brown
- Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Mosley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Daniela Montes-Berrueta
- Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Hou
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fan Yang
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Chasity Scarbrough
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - George B. Witman
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maureen Wirschell
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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