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Benavidez Arias M, Nguyen A, Ross D, Eagerton D, Ritthipichai K. Lighting the way: an economical alternative to feeder cell irradiation for T-cell expansion. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1453740. [PMID: 39346913 PMCID: PMC11427811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1453740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A robust T-cell expansion process involves co-culturing T-cells with non-proliferating feeder cells combined with anti-CD3 antibody and IL-2. Although ionizing irradiation effectively inhibits feeder cell proliferation, the high operating costs limit cell therapy research to well-funded institutions. UVC, known for causing DNA damage-induced cell death and commonly used for environmental sterilization, presents a cost-effective alternative to ionizing irradiation for generating non-proliferating feeder cells. UVC irradiation of K562 artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) resulted in significant DNA damage, evidenced by increased γ-H2AX phosphorylation within 15 minutes and elevated 8-OHdG levels at 24 hours. This indicates the occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks and oxidative damage. Following UVC irradiation, glucose uptake and ATP production were significantly reduced, whereas aCD3 retention at the surface of the cell increased twofold. Selective inhibition of glucose uptake and ATP production similarly enhanced aCD3 retention by approximately 10-fold and 6-fold, respectively. This suggests that UVC-induced energy deprivation dampens aCD3 internalization, potentially enhancing T-cell activation through prolonged aCD3 and T-cell receptor interaction. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expanded with UVC-irradiated PBMCs demonstrated comparable viability, expansion, immunophenotype, and effector function to those expanded with ionizing irradiation. UVC irradiation was equally effective in suppressing feeder cell proliferation and facilitating the expansion of functionally potent T-cells compared to traditional ionizing irradiation. Implementing UVC irradiation in T-cell expansion can significantly reduce costs, enhancing the accessibility and feasibility of cell therapy research across various institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Benavidez Arias
- Department of Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, SC, United States
| | - An Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, SC, United States
| | - Daniel Ross
- Department of Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, SC, United States
| | - David Eagerton
- Department of Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, SC, United States
| | - Krit Ritthipichai
- Department of Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, SC, United States
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2
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Šínová R, Pavlík V, Šimek M, Čepa M, Ondrej M, Nešporová K, Velebný V. The hyaluronan metabolism in the UV-irradiated human epidermis and the relevance of in vitro epidermal models. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1694-1705. [PMID: 37443444 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the sun affects the skin and may eventually result in UV-induced skin damage. It is generally known that hyaluronan (HA) is one of the main structural and functional components of the skin. However, UV-related changes in the HA metabolism in the skin have not yet been elucidated. Using qRT-PCR, confocal microscopy and LC-MS/MS we compared the naturally sun-exposed (SE), sun-protected, experimentally repeatedly UVA + UVB-exposed and acutely (once) UVA + UVB irradiated skin of Caucasian women. The epidermis was harvested by means of suction blistering 24 h after the acute irradiation. In addition, the epidermis was compared with a UV-irradiated in vitro reconstituted 3D epidermis (EpiDerm) and an in vitro 2D culture of normal human keratinocytes (NHEK). The amount of HA was found to be statistically significantly enhanced in the acutely irradiated epidermis. The acute UV evinced the upregulation of HA synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL3), Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Cell Migration Inducing Proteins (CEMIP and CEMIP2), while only certain changes were recapitulated in the 3D epidermis. For the first time, we demonstrated the enhanced gene and protein expression of CEMIP and CEMIP2 following UV irradiation in the human epidermis. The data suggest that the HA metabolism is affected by UV in the irradiated epidermis and that the response can be modulated by the underlying dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Šínová
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Martin Ondrej
- Contipro a.s, Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Stuhr R, Bayer P, von Wangelin AJ. The Diverse Modes of Oxygen Reactivity in Life & Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201323. [PMID: 36214486 PMCID: PMC10100308 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a molecule of utmost importance in our lives. Beside its vital role for the respiration and sustaining of organisms, oxygen is involved in numerous chemical and physical processes. Upon combination of the different forms of molecular oxygen species with various activation modes, substrates, and reaction conditions an extremely wide chemical space can be covered that enables rich applications of diverse oxygenation processes. This Review provides an instructive overview of the individual properties and reactivities of oxygen species and illustrates their importance in nature, everyday life, and in the context of chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Stuhr
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Patrick Bayer
- Pantheon AustriaThermo Fisher ScientificSt. Peter Str. 254020LinzAustria
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4
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Ma J, Teng Y, Huang Y, Tao X, Fan Y. Autophagy plays an essential role in ultraviolet radiation-driven skin photoaging. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864331. [PMID: 36278173 PMCID: PMC9582953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response to UV light. One of the most prominent features of cutaneous photoaging is wrinkling, which is due primarily to a loss of collagen fibers and deposits of abnormal degenerative elastotic material within the dermis (actinic elastosis). These changes are thought to be mediated by inflammation, with subsequent upregulation of extracellular matrix-degrading proteases and down-regulation of collagen synthesis. Autophagy is a vital homeostatic cellular process of either clearing surplus or damaged cell components notably lipids and proteins or recycling the content of the cells’ cytoplasm to promote cell survival and adaptive responses during starvation and other oxidative and/or genotoxic stress conditions. Autophagy may also become a means of supplying nutrients to maintain a high cellular proliferation rate when needed. It has been suggested that loss of autophagy leads to both photodamage and the initiation of photoaging in UV exposed skin. Moreover, UV radiation of sunlight is capable of regulating a number of autophagy-linked genes. This review will focus on the protective effect of autophagy in the skin cells damaged by UV radiation. We hope to draw attention to the significance of autophagy regulation in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
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5
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Moe MM, Saito T, Tsai M, Liu J. Singlet O 2 Oxidation of the Radical Cation versus the Dehydrogenated Neutral Radical of 9-Methylguanine in a Watson-Crick Base Pair. Consequences of Structural Context. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5458-5472. [PMID: 35849846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In DNA, guanine is the most susceptible to oxidative damage by exogenously and endogenously produced electronically excited singlet oxygen (1O2). The reaction mechanism and the product outcome strongly depend on the nucleobase ionization state and structural context. Previously, exposure of a monomeric 9-methylguanine radical cation (9MG•+, a model guanosine compound) to 1O2 was found to result in the formation of an 8-peroxide as the initial product. The present work explores the 1O2 oxidation of 9MG•+ and its dehydrogenated neutral form [9MG - H]• within a Watson-Crick base pair consisting of one-electron-oxidized 9-methylguanine-1-methylcytosine [9MG·1MC]•+. Emphasis is placed on entangling the base pair structural context and intra-base pair proton transfer with and consequences thereof on the singlet oxygenation of guanine radical species. Electrospray ionization coupled with guided-ion beam tandem mass spectrometry was used to study the formation and reaction of guanine radical species in the gas phase. The 1O2 oxidation of both 9MG•+ and [9MG - H]• is exothermic and proceeds barrierlessly either in an isolated monomer or within a base pair. Single- and multi-referential theories were tested for treating spin contaminations and multi-configurations occurring in radical-1O2 interactions, and reaction potential energy surfaces were mapped out to support experimental findings. The work provides a comprehensive profile for the singlet oxygenation of guanine radicals in different charge states and in the absence and the presence of base pairing. All results point to an 8-peroxide as the major oxidation product in the experiment, and the oxidation becomes slightly more favorable in a neutral radical form. On the basis of a variety of reaction pathways and product profiles observed in the present and previous studies, the interplay between guanine structure, base pairing, and singlet oxygenation and its biological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Myat Moe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Queens, New York 11367, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Toru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Information Science, Graduate School of Information Science, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozuka-Higashi, Asa-Minami-Ku, 731-3194 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Midas Tsai
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Queens, New York 11367, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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6
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Early differential responses elicited by BRAF V600E in adult mouse models. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:142. [PMID: 35145078 PMCID: PMC8831492 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The BRAF gene is frequently mutated in cancer. The most common genetic mutation is a single nucleotide transition which gives rise to a constitutively active BRAF kinase (BRAFV600E) which in turn sustains continuous cell proliferation. The study of BRAFV600E murine models has been mainly focused on the role of BRAFV600E in tumor development but little is known on the early molecular impact of BRAFV600E expression in vivo. Here, we study the immediate effects of acute ubiquitous BRAFV600E activation in vivo. We find that BRAFV600E elicits a rapid DNA damage response in the liver, spleen, lungs but not in thyroids. This DNA damage response does not occur at telomeres and is accompanied by activation of the senescence marker p21CIP1 only in lungs but not in liver or spleen. Moreover, in lungs, BRAFV600E provokes an acute inflammatory state with a tissue-specific recruitment of neutrophils in the alveolar parenchyma and macrophages in bronchi/bronchioles, as well as bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium transdifferentiation and development of adenomas. Furthermore, whereas in non-tumor alveolar type II (ATIIs) pneumocytes, acute BRAFV600E induction elicits rapid p53-independent p21CIP1 activation, adenoma ATIIs express p53 without resulting in p21CIP1 gene activation. Conversely, albeit in Club cells BRAFV600E-mediated proliferative cue is more exacerbated compared to that occurring in ATIIs, such oncogenic stimulus culminates with p21CIP1-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our findings indicate that acute BRAFV600E expression drives an immediate induction of DNA damage response in vivo. More importantly, it also results in rapid differential responses of cell cycle and senescence-associated proteins in lung epithelia, thus revealing the early molecular changes emerging in BRAFV600E-challenged cells during tumorigenesis in vivo.
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7
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Sharma RR, Deep A, Abdullah ST. Herbal products as skincare therapeutic agents against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin disorders. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100500. [PMID: 34973886 PMCID: PMC8814387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to highlight the pharmacological aspects of listed herbal skincare products used for the treatment of various disorders caused due to ultraviolet radiation. The pharmacological aspects include safety and efficacy validation as per regulatory guidelines following internationally accepted scientific principles for their development of skincare products. Herbal products have always been used traditionally for the treatment of various skin ailments and have become more prevalent because of their safety and high efficacy benefits. The incorporation of synthetic molecules and chemical substances in the different medicinal and pharmaceutical formulations is the leading cause of the dermal toxicity. Therefore, the developments of herbal skincare products containing scientifically validated herbal ingredients have better acceptance, respect, and belief in the society. The listed herbal products in this review can help take forward the commercial development of skincare products for therapeutic as well as beauty care purposes from such plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Rai Sharma
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aakash Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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8
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Ravanat JL, Dumont E. Reactivity of Singlet Oxygen with DNA, an Update. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:564-571. [PMID: 34931317 DOI: 10.1111/php.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of singlet oxygen with DNA constituents and in particular with the guanine base has been studied during more than four decades but the exact mechanisms by which such a reactive oxygen species reacts with DNA is still a matter of debate. In this review article, a summary of the data that were obtained from several laboratories and using complementary experimental and theoretical approaches are presented. Reaction mechanisms of 1 O2 with guanine and its oxidation product 8-oxo7,8-dihydroguanine are presented both at the nucleoside level and when the base is inserted into DNA since significant differences have been observed. Efforts have been made to propose tentative mechanisms to explain the conflicting results that were sometimes reported and hypotheses have been put forward to tentatively explain still contradictory observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Ravanat
- CEA, CNRS, CIBEST, SyMMES, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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9
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Šínová R, Pavlík V, Ondrej M, Velebný V, Nešporová K. Hyaluronan: A key player or just a bystander in skin photoaging? Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:442-458. [PMID: 34726319 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoaged skin exhibits signs of inflammation, DNA damage and changes in morphology that are visible at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Photoaging also affects the extracellular matrix (ECM) including hyaluronan (HA), the main polysaccharide component thereof. HA is a structurally simple but biologically complex molecule that serves as a water-retaining component and provides both a scaffold for a number of the proteins of the ECM and the ligand for cellular receptors. The study provides an overview of the literature concerning the changes in HA amount, size and metabolism, and the potential role of HA in photoaging. We also suggest novel HA contributions to photoaging based on our knowledge of the role of HA in other pathological processes, including the senescence and inflammation-triggered ECM reorganization. Moreover, we discuss potential direct or indirect intervention to mitigate photoaging that targets the hyaluronan metabolism, as well as supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Šínová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Pavlík
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ondrej
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.,Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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10
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Lv X, Han T, Yuan X, Shi H, Guo W. Design, synthesis, and bioimaging applications of a new class of carborhodamines. Analyst 2021; 146:64-68. [PMID: 33165453 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We herein developed a new class of carborhodamines (CRs), i.e. 10-methoxy-substituted carborhodamines MCRs, by a simple synthesis procedure, which have absorption and emission wavelengths longer than classical CRs while retaining their excellent photophysical properties. Based on the MCR platform, we constructed the mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe MCR-DMA and demonstrated its potential for sensing singlet oxygen (1O2) in living cells during the photodynamic therapy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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11
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Sun Y, Tsai M, Moe MM, Liu J. Dynamics and Multiconfiguration Potential Energy Surface for the Singlet O2 Reactions with Radical Cations of Guanine, 9-Methylguanine, 2′-Deoxyguanosine, and Guanosine. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1564-1576. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Queens, New York 11367, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Midas Tsai
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College 31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City, New York 11101, United States
| | - May Myat Moe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Queens, New York 11367, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Queens, New York 11367, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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12
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Shao J, Yan ZY, Tang M, Huang CH, Sheng ZG, Chen J, Shao B, Zhu BZ. Potent oxidation of DNA by Ru(ii) tri(polypyridyl) complexes under visible light irradiation via a singlet oxygen-mediated mechanism. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01518k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation of Ru(ii) tri(polypridyl) complexes with visible light can induce potent oxidation of DNA mediated by 1O2via a type II photosensitization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Zhu-Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Miao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Guo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
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13
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Parsons BF, Szpunar DE. Investigation of O 2-X (X = Pyrrole or Pyridine) Cluster Photodissociation Near 226 nm. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10152-10161. [PMID: 33232146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recorded the O-atom velocity map photofragment ion images resulting from the photodissociation of O2-pyrrole and O2-pyridine clusters near 226 nm. To record the images, the O-atom photoproduct was state-selectively ionized and projected onto a two-dimensional (2D) position-sensitive detector. The resulting ion images from the clusters show evidence for three dissociation pathways. In the images from either cluster, we observe an isotropic process with kinetic energy near the one-photon limit, which is due to dissociation of the cluster into molecular subunits followed by secondary dissociation of molecular oxygen. Both O2-pyrrole and O2-pyridine also show a low kinetic energy process that appears to be isotropic in nature. This low kinetic energy process likely results from dissociation of the cluster resulting in significant internal energy in the organic fragment followed by secondary dissociation of O2. Finally, our ion images for O2-pyrrole show O atoms resulting from a two-photon dissociation channel, which has been previously attributed to the formation and subsequent photodissociation of excited O2 (a 1Δg). At similar laser intensities, O2-pyridine does not show significant dissociation through the channel producing O2 (a 1Δg); however, this channel shows a laser intensity dependence for O2-pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley F Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - David E Szpunar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481, United States
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14
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Anitua E, Troya M, Goñi F, Gómez P, Tierno R, Pino A. A Novel Autologous Topical Serum Based on Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Technology Counteracts Ultraviolet Light-Derived Photo-Oxidative Stress. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:67-81. [DOI: 10.1159/000507716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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The Antiaging Activity of Ergothioneine in UVA-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts via the Inhibition of the AP-1 Pathway and the Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Genes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2576823. [PMID: 32104530 PMCID: PMC7038158 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2576823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UVA irradiation induced ROS-mediated photo damage to the human skin leading to coarseness, wrinkling, pigmentation, and cutaneous malignancies. We investigated the dermatoprotective efficacies of submicromolar concentrations of ergothioneine (EGT, 0.125-0.5 μM), which occurs naturally as a sulfur-containing amino acid, in the mechanisms in human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. UVA-induced AP-1 (c-Fos and c-Jun) translocation was found to be inhibited by EGT treatments with the parallel inhibition of the collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1 activation and type I procollagen degradation. Moreover, EGT mitigated UVA-induced ROS generation. An increase in the amount of antioxidant genes (HO-1, NQO-1, and γ-GCLC) from EGT and were associated with upregulated Nrf2 expressions in a dose-dependent or time-dependent manner. We confirmed this from Nrf2 translocation and increased nuclear ARE promoter activity that underlie EGT dermatoprotective activities. Also, glutathione (GSH) levels (from γ-GCLC) were significantly increased. Moreover, we showed that mediated by ERK, JNK, and PKC, signaling cascades mediate Nrf2 translocation. We confirmed this phenomenon by the suppressed nuclear Nrf2 activation in cells that were treated with respective inhibitors (PD98059, SP600125, and GF109203X). However, antioxidant protein expressions were impaired in Nrf2 knockdown cells to confirm that ARE/Nrf2 pathways and the inhibition of AP-1 had significant roles in EGT-mediated protective effects. We can conclude that ergothioneine ameliorated UVA-induced skin aging and is a useful food supplement for skin care products.
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16
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Targeted and Persistent 8-Oxoguanine Base Damage at Telomeres Promotes Telomere Loss and Crisis. Mol Cell 2019; 75:117-130.e6. [PMID: 31101499 PMCID: PMC6625854 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are essential for genome stability. Oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) accelerates telomere shortening. Although telomeres are hypersensitive to ROS-mediated 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) formation, the biological effect of this common lesion at telomeres is poorly understood because ROS have pleiotropic effects. Here we developed a chemoptogenetic tool that selectively produces 8-oxoG only at telomeres. Acute telomeric 8-oxoG formation increased telomere fragility in cells lacking OGG1, the enzyme that removes 8-oxoG, but did not compromise cell survival. However, chronic telomeric 8-oxoG induction over time shortens telomeres and impairs cell growth. Accumulation of telomeric 8-oxoG in chronically exposed OGG1-deficient cells triggers replication stress, as evidenced by mitotic DNA synthesis at telomeres, and significantly increases telomere losses. These losses generate chromosome fusions, leading to chromatin bridges and micronucleus formation upon cell division. By confining base damage to the telomeres, we show that telomeric 8-oxoG accumulation directly drives telomere crisis.
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Di Mascio P, Martinez GR, Miyamoto S, Ronsein GE, Medeiros MHG, Cadet J. Singlet Molecular Oxygen Reactions with Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Proteins. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2043-2086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Glaucia R. Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Graziella E. Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marisa H. G. Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Québec, Canada
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18
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Ikehata H, Yamamoto M. Roles of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in mammalian skin exposed to UV radiation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Kim JM, Choo JE, Kim KN, Kim YS. Potential protective effects of rhEGF against ultraviolet A irradiation-induced damages on human fibroblasts. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:505-513. [PMID: 30410380 PMCID: PMC6199234 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s170697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet A (UVA) rays reach the dermal skin layer and generate oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell inflammation, which in turn lead to photo-aging and photo-carcinogenesis. While there have been many studies about the beneficial effects of topical epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment in the healing of wounds, the effect of EGF on UVA-induced skin irritation remains unknown. To clarify the effects of EGF on UVA-induced skin damage, it was investigated whether EGF signaling can affect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damages in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Materials and methods Fibroblasts cultured with or without rhEGF were UVA-irradiated at 40 mJ/cm2 twice per day for 5 days. After the irradiation, the intracellular ROS levels and expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) in the fibroblasts were ascertained. Further investigation to determine the effects of EGF on UVA-induced DNA damage, including a single cell gel electrophoresis assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was carried out. Moreover, the NF-κB activity was ascertained in order to investigate the effects of EGF on UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. Results As a result, it was revealed that recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) inhibited UVA- increased intracellular ROS in the fibroblasts and increased the expression of catalase and SOD-1. Moreover, in UVA-irradiated fibroblasts, the longest DNA-damaged tails were observed, but this phenomenon was not detected in cells cotreated with both UVA and rhEGF. Also, it was observed that DNA damage induction, including that of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers, pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, was caused by UVA irradiation. Similar to previous results, it was downregulated by rhEGF. Furthermore, rhEGF also inhibited NF-κB gene expression and the NF-κB p65 protein level in the nucleus induced by UVA irradiation. Conclusion These results suggest that EGF might be a useful material for preventing or improving photo-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choo
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Ki Nam Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Yang Seok Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyng Hee University, Seoul, Korea,
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20
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Liu HW, Xu S, Wang P, Hu XX, Zhang J, Yuan L, Zhang XB, Tan W. An efficient two-photon fluorescent probe for monitoring mitochondrial singlet oxygen in tissues during photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12330-12333. [PMID: 27722455 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising two-photon fluorescent probe MNAH for detecting 1O2 during the PDT process in mitochondria was proposed for the first time. MNAH was successfully applied for two-photon imaging of 1O2 in living cells and tissues during the PDT process with deep-tissue imaging depth. MNAH can be a powerful molecular tool for studying 1O2 generation in mitochondria during the PDT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wen Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Shuai Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Lin Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Cadet J, Davies KJA, Medeiros MH, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Formation and repair of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:13-34. [PMID: 28057600 PMCID: PMC5457722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, emphasis is placed on the critical survey of available data concerning modified nucleobase and 2-deoxyribose products that have been identified in cellular DNA following exposure to a wide variety of oxidizing species and agents including, hydroxyl radical, one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid and ten-eleven translocation enzymes. In addition, information is provided about the generation of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and nucleobase addition products with reactive aldehydes arising from the decomposition of lipid peroxides. It is worth noting that the different classes of oxidatively generated DNA damage that consist of single lesions, intra- and interstrand cross-links were unambiguously assigned and quantitatively detected on the basis of accurate measurements involving in most cases high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The reported data clearly show that the frequency of DNA lesions generated upon severe oxidizing conditions, including exposure to ionizing radiation is low, at best a few modifications per 106 normal bases. Application of accurate analytical measurement methods has also allowed the determination of repair kinetics of several well-defined lesions in cellular DNA that however concerns so far only a restricted number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, United States
| | - Marisa Hg Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508 000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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22
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Wu J, Xing Y, Wang H, Liu H, Yang M, Yuan J. Design of a β-diketonate–Eu3+ complex-based time-gated luminescence probe for visualizing mitochondrial singlet oxygen. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A β-diketonate–Eu3+ complex-based time-gated luminescence probe was developed for highly sensitive monitoring of mitochondrial singlet oxygen during the photodynamic therapy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- China
| | - Yue Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- China
| | - Hongjing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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23
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Oral Administration of Fermented Soymilk Products Protects the Skin of Hairless Mice against Ultraviolet Damage. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080514. [PMID: 27556484 PMCID: PMC4997427 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of isoflavones on skin damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and their bioavailability were investigated in ovariectomized hairless mice fed diets composed of fermented soymilk containing aglycone forms of isoflavones or control soymilk containing glucose-conjugated forms of isoflavones. The erythema intensity of dorsal skin was significantly higher in ovariectomized mice than in sham-operated mice (p < 0.05). The erythema intensity and epidermal thickness of dorsal skin were significantly lower in the fermented soymilk diet group than in the control diet group (each p < 0.05). Levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in dorsal skin were significantly lower in the fermented soymilk diet group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Serum and dorsal skin isoflavone concentrations were significantly higher in the fermented soymilk diet group than in the soymilk diet group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that oral administration of a fermented soymilk diet increases isoflavone concentrations in the blood and skin, effectively scavenging the reactive oxygen species generated by UV irradiation and exerting an estrogen-like activity, with a consequent protective effect on skin photodamage in hairless mice.
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A Rare and Exclusive Endoperoxide Photoproduct Derived from a Thiacalix[4]arene Crown-Shaped Derivative Bearing a 9,10-Substituted Anthracene Moiety. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1606-12. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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He Z, Zhang L, Zhuo C, Jin F, Wang Y. Apoptosis inhibition effect of Dihydromyricetin against UVA-exposed human keratinocyte cell line. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:40-9. [PMID: 27208745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UVA irradiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress, cellular damage, and ultimately, cell death by interacting with other intracellular molecules. In the present study, we explored the protective role of Dihydromyricetin (DHM,1.25-10μM) against UVA-induced inflammation response and apoptosis in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) and the underlying mechanisms. DHM pre-treatment significantly increased HaCaT cell viability and suppressed UVA-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, as well as apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Moreover, DHM pre-treatment prohibited UVA-induced ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and the phosphorylation of histone H2AX(γ-H2AX), a sensitive biomarker for DNA damage. Meanwhile, DHM could enhance GSH-Px activity and decrease the content of MDA in UVA ray treated HaCaT cells. Notably, the anti-apoptotic potential of DHM was correlated with an increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl) and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax), as well as the inhibition of caspase proteins activation. Additionally, DHM treatment also prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and the phosphorylation of c-Jun. N-terminal kinase (JNK), which is an upstream modulator of NF-κB/p65. Therefore, DHM may be potentially useful in the prevention of UVA-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cuiqin Zhuo
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Biomedicine Research and Development Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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26
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Di Mascio P, Martinez GR, Miyamoto S, Ronsein GE, Medeiros MH, Cadet J. Singlet molecular oxygen: Düsseldorf – São Paulo, the Brazilian connection. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:161-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lu W, Liu J. Capturing Transient Endoperoxide in the Singlet Oxygen Oxidation of Guanine. Chemistry 2016; 22:3127-38. [PMID: 26813583 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of singlet O2 toward the guanine base of DNA is highly relevant to DNA lesion, mutation, cell death, and pathological conditions. This oxidative damage is initiated by the formation of a transient endoperoxide through the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of singlet O2 to the guanine imidazole ring. However, no endoperoxide formation was directly detected in native guanine or guanosine, even at -100 °C. Herein, gas-phase ion-molecule scattering mass spectrometry was utilized to capture unstable endoperoxides in the collisions of hydrated guanine ions (protonated or deprotonated) with singlet O2 at ambient temperature. Corroborated by results from potential energy surface exploration, kinetic modeling, and dynamics simulations, various aspects of endoperoxide formation and transformation (including its dependence on guanine ionization and hydration states, as well as on collision energy) were determined. This work has pieced together reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and dynamics data concerning the early stage of singlet O2 induced guanine oxidation, which is missing from conventional condensed-phase studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center, of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College and the Graduate Center, of the City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens, NY, 11367, USA.
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28
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Rinnerthaler M, Bischof J, Streubel MK, Trost A, Richter K. Oxidative stress in aging human skin. Biomolecules 2015; 5:545-89. [PMID: 25906193 PMCID: PMC4496685 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in skin plays a major role in the aging process. This is true for intrinsic aging and even more for extrinsic aging. Although the results are quite different in dermis and epidermis, extrinsic aging is driven to a large extent by oxidative stress caused by UV irradiation. In this review the overall effects of oxidative stress are discussed as well as the sources of ROS including the mitochondrial ETC, peroxisomal and ER localized proteins, the Fenton reaction, and such enzymes as cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, xanthine oxidases, and NADPH oxidases. Furthermore, the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress ranging from enzymes like superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxiredoxins, and GSH peroxidases to organic compounds such as L-ascorbate, α-tocopherol, beta-carotene, uric acid, CoQ10, and glutathione are described in more detail. In addition the oxidative stress induced modifications caused to proteins, lipids and DNA are discussed. Finally age-related changes of the skin are also a topic of this review. They include a disruption of the epidermal calcium gradient in old skin with an accompanying change in the composition of the cornified envelope. This modified cornified envelope also leads to an altered anti-oxidative capacity and a reduced barrier function of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Johannes Bischof
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Maria Karolin Streubel
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Andrea Trost
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
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29
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Divya SP, Wang X, Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Roy RV, Kim D, Dai J, Hitron JA, Wang L, Asha P, Shi X, Zhang Z. Blackberry extract inhibits UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation through MAP kinases and NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 mice skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:92-99. [PMID: 25680589 PMCID: PMC4374016 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extensive exposure of solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to skin induces oxidative stress and inflammation that play a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. Photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous neoplasia. In this study, we investigated whether blackberry extract (BBE) reduces chronic inflammatory responses induced by UVB irradiation in SKH-1 hairless mice skin. Mice were exposed to UVB radiation (100 mJ/cm(2)) on alternate days for 10 weeks, and BBE (10% and 20%) was applied topically a day before UVB exposure. Our results show that BBE suppressed UVB-induced hyperplasia and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the SKH-1 hairless mice skin. BBE treatment reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in mouse skin by chronic UVB exposure. BBE significantly decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in UVB-exposed skin. Likewise, UVB-induced inflammatory responses were diminished by BBE as observed by a remarkable reduction in the levels of phosphorylated MAP Kinases, Erk1/2, p38, JNK1/2 and MKK4. Furthermore, BBE also reduced inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in UVB-exposed skin. Treatment with BBE inhibited UVB-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα in mouse skin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that topical application of BBE inhibited the expression of 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cyclin D1 in UVB-exposed skin. Collectively, these data indicate that BBE protects from UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation by modulating MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Wang X, Divya SP, Joseph B, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Yin Y, Roy RV, Lu J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi X. Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation by regulating MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:127-37. [PMID: 25062774 PMCID: PMC4330564 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation induces inflammation and photocarcinogenesis in mammalian skin. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a member of the anthocyanin family, is present in various vegetables and fruits especially in edible berries, and displays potent antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. In this study, we have assessed the in vivo effects of C3G on UVB irradiation induced chronic inflammatory responses in SKH-1 hairless mice, a well-established model for UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Here, we show that C3G inhibited UVB-induced skin damage and inflammation in SKH-1 hairless mice. Our results indicate that C3G inhibited glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidation in mouse skin by chronic UVB exposure. C3G significantly decreased the production of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, associated with cutaneous inflammation. Likewise, UVB-induced inflammatory responses were diminished by C3G as observed by a remarkable reduction in the levels of phosphorylated MAP kinases, Erk1/2, p38, JNK1/2 and MKK4. Furthermore, C3G also decreased UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), PGE2 and iNOS levels, which are well-known key mediators of inflammation and cancer. Treatment with C3G inhibited UVB-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα in mice skin. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that topical application of C3G inhibited the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cyclin D1 in chronic UVB exposed mouse skin. Collectively, these data indicates that C3G can provide substantial protection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating UVB-induced MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Binoy Joseph
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuanqin Yin
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jian Lu
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Highly efficient, green and solvent-free photooxygenation of alkenes by air and visible light or sunlight in the presence of porphyrin sensitizers. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid on human dermal fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 674:126-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Slamenová D, Kováciková I, Horváthová E, Wsólová L, Navarová J. Carboxymethyl chitin-glucan (CM-CG) protects human HepG2 and HeLa cells against oxidative DNA lesions and stimulates DNA repair of lesions induced by alkylating agents. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1986-92. [PMID: 20736057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A large number of functional foods, including those that contain β-d-glucans, have been shown to prevent human DNA against genotoxic effects and associated development of cancer and other chronic diseases. In this paper, carboxymethyl chitin-glucan (CM-CG) isolated from Aspergillus niger was investigated from two standpoints: (1) DNA-protective effects against oxidative DNA damage induced by H(2)O(2) and alkylating DNA damage induced by MMS and MNNG, and (2) a potential effect on rejoining of MMS- and MNNG-induced single strand DNA breaks. The results obtained by the comet assay in human cells cultured in vitro showed that CM-CG reduced significantly the level of oxidative DNA lesions induced by H(2)O(2) but did not change the level of alkylating DNA lesions induced by MMS or MNNG. On the other side, the efficiency of DNA-rejoining of single strand DNA breaks induced by MMS and MNNG was significantly higher in HepG2 cells pre-treated with CM-CG. The antioxidative activity of carboxymethyl chitin-glucan was confirmed by the DPPH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Slamenová
- Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 833 91 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Guo W, An Y, Jiang L, Geng C, Zhong L. The protective effects of hydroxytyrosol against UVB-induced DNA damage in HaCaT cells. Phytother Res 2010; 24:352-9. [PMID: 19610043 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemoprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against UVB-induced DNA damage was investigated in a human skin keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. The comet assay was used to monitor DNA strand breaks. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was measured by flow cytometry using 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The levels of oxidatively generated damage to DNA were estimated by immunocytochemistry analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The protein expression of p53 and NF-kappaB was estimated by western blotting. The results showed that HT significantly reduced the DNA strand breaks caused by UVB. It was also found that HT reduced intracellular ROS formation and 8-OHdG level caused by UVB. Furthermore, HT attenuated the expression of p53 and NF-kappaB in a concentration-dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that HT has a significant protective ability against UVB-induced DNA damage and that oxidative stress plays an important part in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
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35
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Angiopoietin-1 reduces H(2)O(2)-induced increases in reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to skin cells. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1307-17. [PMID: 20072135 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UV light-based damage to skin cells can cause photoaging and skin cancer. A major cause of UV light-induced damage to skin is increased free radicals, such as superoxides. Increased superoxides can cause oxidative and nitrative damage to cell components. Thus, agents that counteract these damages may have therapeutic value. Herein, we show that angiopoietin-1 (ang1) prevented and blocked H(2)O(2)-induced increases in superoxides in human spontaneously immortalized keratinocyte line, HaCaT, and primary melanocytes (HeMn). Ang1 prevented H(2)O(2)-induced increases in damage to DNA (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and proteins (nitrotyrosinylation). Ang1 promoted skin cell metabolism/viability, adhesion, and akt and MAPK(p42/44) activations. Using multi-gene transcriptional profiling, we found that skin cells express integrin subunits {(beta(1), beta(4-6), beta(8), alpha(v), alpha(2), alpha(3), alpha(6) (HaCaT)), (beta(1), beta(3), beta(5), beta(8), alpha(v), alpha(3) (HeMn))} and lack tie2 receptor mRNA. Integrin antibodies (alpha(v), beta(1)) disrupted skin cell adhesion to ang1 and ang1-induced decreases in superoxides. Our findings show that ang1 blocks free radical damage to skin cells and may be clinically useful to prevent and/or reduce photoaging and skin cancer.
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Bilski PJ, Risek B, Chignell CF, Schrader WT. Photocytotoxicity of the fluorescent nonsteroidal androgen receptor ligand TDPQ. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1225-32. [PMID: 19496989 PMCID: PMC3679665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-8-pyridono[5,6-g]quinoline (TDPQ), a selective nonsteroidal androgen receptor (AR) ligand, is a fluorescent compound. We characterized its spectral properties in comparison with the structural precursor carbostyril 151 (C151) and with its racemic structural isomer 4-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-8-pyridino[5,6-g]quinoline (ETPQ). The absorption maximum in CH3CN of either TDPQ or ETPQ is 400 nm whereas that of C151 is 350 nm. The fluorescence lifetimes (tau) and quantum yields (phif) in CH3CN are typical of fluorescent dyes: TDPQ (4.2 ns, 0.8) and ETPQ (4.6 ns, 0.76). C151 showed lower tau and phif of 0.2 ns and 0.02, respectively. TDPQ can function as a fluorescent label at (sub)micromolar concentrations. We detected TDPQ fluorescence in human breast tumor cells using confocal microscopy. While the fluorescence maxima of the compounds were solvent insensitive, the phif for ETPQ decreased in aqueous solutions regardless of the presence of albumin or DNA. The phif of TDPQ was less affected. The quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitization (phiso) by TDPQ and ETPQ was about 7% in CH3CN, sufficient to induce photocytotoxicity. TDPQ was photocytotoxic in AR-positive MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells but not in AR-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination of AR selectivity with photocytotoxicity makes TDPQ a promising candidate for selective targeting of AR-positive cells during photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J Bilski
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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37
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Bennett MF, Robinson MK, Baron ED, Cooper KD. Skin immune systems and inflammation: protector of the skin or promoter of aging? J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2008; 13:15-19. [PMID: 18369334 DOI: 10.1038/jidsymp.2008.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The immune system may either have a protective role against sunburn and skin cancer or, conversely, promote solar damage. The skin is poised to react to infections and injury, such as sunburn, with rapidly acting mechanisms (innate immunity) that precede the development of acquired immunity and serve as an immediate defense system. Some of these mechanisms, including activation of defensins and complement, modify subsequent acquired immunity. An array of induced immune-regulatory and pro-inflammatory mediators is evident, at the gene expression level, from the microarray analysis of both intrinsically aged and photoaged skin. Thus, inflammatory mechanisms may accentuate the effect of UV radiation to amplify direct damaging effects on molecules and cells, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, which cause immunosuppression, cancer, and photoaging. A greater understanding of the cutaneous immune system's response to photo-skin interactions is essential to comprehensively protect the skin from adverse solar effects. Sunscreen product protection measured only as reduction in redness (current "sun" protection factor) may no longer be sufficient, as it is becoming clear that protection against UV-induced immune changes is of equal if not of greater importance. Greater knowledge of these processes will also enable the development of improved strategies to repair photodamaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Bennett
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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38
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Cadet J, Ravanat JL, Martinez GR, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P. Singlet oxygen oxidation of isolated and cellular DNA: product formation and mechanistic insights. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 82:1219-25. [PMID: 16808595 DOI: 10.1562/2006-06-09-ir-914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This survey focuses on recent aspects of the singlet oxygen oxidation of the guanine moiety of nucleosides, oligonucleotides, isolated and cellular DNA that has been shown to be the exclusive DNA target for this biologically relevant photogenerated oxidant. A large body of mechanistic data is now available from studies performed on nucleosides in both aprotic solvents and aqueous solutions. A common process to both reaction conditions is the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine by reduction of 8-hydroperoxyguanine that arises from the rearrangement of initially formed endoperoxide across the 4,8-bond of the purine moiety. However, in organic solvent the hydroperoxide is converted as a major degradation pathway into a dioxirane that subsequently decomposes into a complex pattern of oxidation products. A different reaction that involved the formation of a highly reactive quinonoid intermediate consecutively to the loss of a water molecule from the 8-hydroperoxide has been shown to occur in aqueous solution. Subsequent addition of a water molecule at C5 leads to the generation of a spiroiminodihy-dantoin compound via a rearrangement that involves an acyl shift. However, in both isolated and cellular DNA the latter decomposition pathway is at the best a minor process, because only 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine has been found to be generated. It is interesting to point out that singlet oxygen has been shown to contribute predominantly to the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in the DNA of bacterial and human cells upon exposure to UVA radiation. It may be added that the formation of secondary singlet-oxygen oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, including spiroiminodihydantoin and oxaluric acid that were characterized in nucleosides and oligonucleotide, respectively, have not yet been found in cellular DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, DRFMC/SCIB-UMR-E No. 3 (CEA/UJF), CEA/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Mitchell DL, Meador J, Paniker L, Gasparutto D, Jeffrey WH, Cadet J. Development and Application of a Novel Immunoassay for Measuring Oxidative DNA Damage in the Environment¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750257daaoan2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ogawa F, Sato S. [Roles of oxidative stress in photoaging and the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 29:349-58. [PMID: 17202752 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.29.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to high amount of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as well as to other environmental oxidants. Photoaging refers to the effect of long-term UV exposure and sun damage superimposed on intrinsically aged skin. The clinical photoaging features are dyspigmentation, laxity, wrinkles, and cutaneous malignancies. Most conspicuous photoaging change in dermis, which is caused by elastin materials accumulation, is termed "solar elastosis". Reactive oxygen species are known to be generated by UV radiation, and play an important role of photoaging. Although the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains unknown, oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to clinical manifestations associated with SSc, such as vascular damage including Raynaud's phenomenon. This review focuses on recent data including our data which have demonstrated the critical role of oxidative stress in photoaging and the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihide Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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42
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Leung EKY, Sen D. Electron Hole Flow Patterns through the RNA-Cleaving 8-17 Deoxyribozyme Yield Unusual Information about Its Structure and Folding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:41-51. [PMID: 17254951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA double helices have been shown to conduct electron holes over significant distances. Here, we report on the hole flow patterns within a more intricately folded DNA complex, the 8-17 deoxyribozyme bound to a DNA pseudosubstrate, incorporating three helical elements and two catalytically relevant loops. The observed hole flow patterns within the complex permitted a quantitative assessment of the stacking preferences of the three constituent helices and provided evidence for significant transitions within the complex's global geometry. The patterns further suggested varying levels of solvent exposure of the complex's constituent parts, and revealed that a catalytically relevant cytosine within the folded complex exists in an unusual structural/electronic environment. Our data suggest that the study of charge flow may provide novel perspectives on the structure and folding of intricately folded DNAs and RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Y Leung
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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43
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Song B, Wang G, Tan M, Yuan J. A Europium(III) Complex as an Efficient Singlet Oxygen Luminescence Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13442-50. [PMID: 17031957 DOI: 10.1021/ja062990f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new europium(III) complex, [4'-(10-methyl-9-anthryl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine-6,6"-diyl]bis(methylenenitrilo) tetrakis(acetate)-Eu(3+), was designed and synthesized as a highly sensitive and selective time-gated luminescence probe for singlet oxygen ((1)O2). The new probe is highly water soluble with a large stability constant of approximately 10(21) and a wide pH available range (pH 3-10), and can specifically react with (1)O2 to form its endoperoxide (EP-MTTA-Eu(3+)) with a high reaction rate constant at 10(10) M(-1) s(-1), accompanied by the remarkable increases of luminescence quantum yield from 0.90% to 13.8% and lifetime from 0.80 to 1.29 ms, respectively. The wide applicability of the probe was demonstrated by detection of (1)O2 generated from a MoO(4)(2-)/H(2)O2 system, a photosensitization system of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP), and a horseradish peroxidase catalyzed aerobic oxidation system of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In addition, it was found that the new probe could be easily transferred into living HeLa cells by incubation with TMPyP. A time-gated luminescence imaging technique that can fully eliminate the short-lived background fluorescence from TMPyP and cell components has been successfully developed for monitoring the time-dependent generation of (1)O2 in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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44
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Zheng X, Sun S, Zhang D, Ma H, Zhu D. A new chemiluminescence probe for singlet oxygen based on tetrathiafulvalene-anthracene dyad capable of performing detection in water/alcohol solution. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575:62-7. [PMID: 17723573 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new tetrathiafulvalene-anthracene dyad 1 with two "tetraethylene glycol" units was synthesized and characterized. Strong chemiluminescence was observed upon reaction of dyad 1 with singlet oxygen (1O2), and this reaction shows fairly good selectivity toward 1O2 over other reactive oxygen species. Due to the introduction of two hydrophilic "tetraethylene glycol" units, the detection of 1O2 with dyad 1 can be performed in alcohol/water solution, which is relatively a mild medium when compared with water/tetrahydrofuran solution required by other tetrathiafulvalene-anthracene dyads. Dyad 1 may have a wider use for detection of 1O2 in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zheng
- Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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45
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Rabe JH, Mamelak AJ, McElgunn PJS, Morison WL, Sauder DN. Photoaging: Mechanisms and repair. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:1-19. [PMID: 16781287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aging is a complex, multifactorial process resulting in several functional and esthetic changes in the skin. These changes result from intrinsic as well as extrinsic processes, such as ultraviolet radiation. Recent advances in skin biology have increased our understanding of skin homeostasis and the aging process, as well as the mechanisms by which ultraviolet radiation contributes to photoaging and cutaneous disease. These advances in skin biology have led to the development of a diversity of treatments aimed at preventing aging and rejuvenating the skin. The focus of this review is the mechanism of photoaging and the pathophysiology underlying the treatments specifically designed for its prevention and treatment. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the mechanism of photoaging, the treatments for photoaging, and the data that supports the use of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Rabe
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
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46
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DeFedericis HC, Patrzyc HB, Rajecki MJ, Budzinski EE, Iijima H, Dawidzik JB, Evans MS, Greene KF, Box HC. Singlet oxygen-induced DNA damage. Radiat Res 2006; 165:445-51. [PMID: 16579657 DOI: 10.1667/rr3533.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide are the reactive oxygen species (ROS) considered most responsible for producing oxidative stress in cells and organisms. Singlet oxygen interacts preferentially with guanine to produce 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and spiroiminodihydantoin. DNA damage due to the latter lesion has not been detected directly in the DNA of cells exposed to singlet oxygen. In this study, the singlet oxygen-induced lesion was isolated from a short synthetic oligomer after exposure to UVA radiation in the presence of methylene blue. The lesion could be enzymatically excised from the oligomer in the form of a modified dinucleoside monophosphate. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the singlet oxygen lesion was detected in the form of modified dinucleoside monophosphates in double-stranded DNA and in the DNA of HeLa cells exposed to singlet oxygen. Pentamer containing the singlet oxygen-induced lesion and an isotopic label was synthesized as an internal standard for quantifying the lesion and served as well as for correcting for losses of product during sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chun DeFedericis
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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47
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Sun S, Li X, Zhang G, Ma H, Zhang D, Bao Z. Determination of H2O2-dependent generation of singlet oxygen from human saliva with a novel chemiluminescence probe. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:440-4. [PMID: 16481116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) has been shown to play an important role in salivary defense system, but its generation process and level from human saliva remain uncertain due to the lack of a reliable detection method. We have previously reported 4,4'(5')-bis[2-(9-anthryloxy)ethylthio]tetrathiafulvalene (BAET) as a novel chemiluminescence probe for 1O2. In this work, the probe is successfully used to characterize H2O2-dependent generation of 1O2 from saliva in real time. However, the yield of 1O2 is found to be very low, for example, being about 0.13 nmol from 200 microL saliva in the presence of 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide over a 5-s reaction period. The result is also compared with that obtained with another 1O2 probe 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (CLA), demonstrating that, besides 1O2, the other reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radical may also be involved in the reaction of saliva with H2O2. Furthermore, the present study shows that the selectivity of BAET for 1O2 is much higher than that of CLA and thus BAET is highly suited for the detection of 1O2 in the presence of other reactive oxygen species in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Sun
- Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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48
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Lavi R, Sinyakov M, Samuni A, Shatz S, Friedmann H, Shainberg A, Breitbart H, Lubart R. ESR detection of 1O2 reveals enhanced redox activity in illuminated cell cultures. Free Radic Res 2005; 38:893-902. [PMID: 15621706 DOI: 10.1080/1071576010001642646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Low-energy visible light (LEVL) has previously been found to modulate various processes in different biological systems. One explanation for the stimulatory effect of LEVL is light-induced reactive oxygen species formation. In the present study, both sperm and skin cells were illuminated with LEVL and were found to generate singlet oxygen (1O2). The detection of 1O2 was performed using a trapping probe, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone, coupled with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, we have shown that, together with O2 generation, LEVL illumination increases the reductive capacity of the cells, which explains the difficulties encountered in 1O2 detection. The potential of visible light to change the cellular redox state may explain the recently observed biostimulative effects exerted by LEVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Lavi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Kau HC, Tsai CC, Lee CF, Kao SC, Hsu WM, Liu JH, Wei YH. Increased oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxy- guanosine, in human pterygium. Eye (Lond) 2005; 20:826-31. [PMID: 16113633 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is a widely accepted aetiological factor in the development of pterygium. UV radiation may induce production of reactive oxygen species via photosensitized oxidation, thus causing oxidative damage. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that oxidative damage to DNA is increased in pterygium. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis employing a monoclonal antibody specific for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a ubiquitous maker of oxidative stress, was performed in three patients with primary pterygium. The levels of 8-OHdG in DNA isolated from the other 29 pterygium specimens and their adjacent normal conjunctival tissues were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Immunohistochemistry of 8-OHdG showed a distinct pattern of more extensive and intense staining in the nuclei of pterygium tissue compared with that in their adjacent normal conjunctiva. ELISA also revealed that the average level of 8-OHdG in the pterygium tissues was 4.7-fold higher than that of the corresponding normal conjunctiva (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of 8-OHdG in the pterygium tissues indicate that oxidative stress could play a role in the development of pterygium. These findings provide new information to better understand the pathogenesis of pterygium and are useful in the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Kau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taoyuan Veterans Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Besaratinia A, Synold TW, Chen HH, Chang C, Xi B, Riggs AD, Pfeifer GP. DNA lesions induced by UV A1 and B radiation in human cells: comparative analyses in the overall genome and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:10058-63. [PMID: 16009942 PMCID: PMC1174921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502311102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The UV components of sunlight (UVA and UVB) are implicated in the etiology of human skin cancer. The underlying mechanism of action for UVB carcinogenicity is well defined; however, the mechanistic involvement of UVA in carcinogenesis is not fully delineated. We investigated the genotoxicity of UVA1 versus UVB in the overall genome and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in normal human skin fibroblasts. Immuno-dot blot analysis identified the cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine-dimer (CPD) as a distinctive UVB-induced lesion and confirmed its formation in the genomic DNA of UVA1-irradiated cells dependent on radiation dose. HPLC/tandem MS analysis showed an induction of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in the genomic DNA of UVA1-irradiated cells only. Mapping of DNA damages by terminal transferase-dependent PCR revealed preferential, but not identical, formation of polymerase-blocking lesions and/or strand breaks along exons 5-8 of the p53 gene in UVB- and UVA1-irradiated cells. The UVB-induced lesions detected by terminal transferase-PCR were almost exclusively mapped to pyrimidine-rich sequences; however, the UVA1-induced lesions were mapped to purine- and pyrimidine-containing sequences along the p53 gene. Cleavage assays with lesion-specific DNA repair enzymes coupled to ligation-mediated PCR showed preferential, but not identical, formation of CPDs along the p53 gene in UVB- and UVA1-irradiated cells. Additionally, dose-dependent formation of oxidized and ring-opened purines and abasic sites was established in the p53 gene in only UVA1-irradiated cells. We conclude that UVA1 induces promutagenic CPDs and oxidative DNA damage at both the genomic and nucleotide resolution level in normal human skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Division of Biology, Beckman Research Institute, and Department of Medical Oncology, The City of Hope National Medical Center, 1450 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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