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Patel K, Ivanov A, Jocelyn T, Hantel A, Garcia JS, Abel GA. Patient-Reported Outcomes in Phase 3 Clinical Trials for Blood Cancers: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2414425. [PMID: 38829615 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Published research suggests that patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are neither commonly collected nor reported in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for solid tumors. Little is known about these practices in RCTs for hematological malignant neoplasms. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of PROs as prespecified end points in RCTs of hematological malignant neoplasms, and to assess reporting of PROs in associated trial publications. Evidence Review All issues of 8 journals known for publishing high-impact RCTs (NEJM, Lancet, Lancet Hematology, Lancet Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology, Blood, JAMA, and JAMA Oncology) between January 1, 2018, and December 13, 2022, were searched for primary publications of therapeutic phase 3 trials for adults with hematological malignant neoplasms. Studies that evaluated pretransplant conditioning regimens, graft-vs-host disease treatment, or radiotherapy as experimental treatment were excluded. Data regarding trial characteristics and PROs were extracted from manuscripts and trial protocols. Univariable analyses assessed associations between trial characteristics and PRO collection or reporting. Findings Ninety RCTs were eligible for analysis. PROs were an end point in 66 (73%) trials: in 1 trial (1%) as a primary end point, in 50 (56%) as a secondary end point, and in 15 (17%) as an exploratory end point. PRO data were reported in 26 of 66 primary publications (39%): outcomes were unchanged in 18 and improved in 8, with none reporting worse PROs with experimental treatment. Trials sponsored by for-profit entities were more likely to include PROs as an end point (49 of 55 [89%] vs 17 of 35 [49%]; P < .001) but were not significantly more likely to report PRO data (20 of 49 [41%] vs 6 of 17 [35%]; P = .69). Compared with trials involving lymphoma (18 of 29 [62%]) or leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (18 of 28 [64%]), those involving plasma cell disorders or multiple myeloma (27 of 30 [90%]) or myeloproliferative neoplasms (3 of 3 [100%]) were more likely to include PROs as an end point (P = .03). Similarly, compared with trials involving lymphoma (3 of 18 [17%]) or leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (5 of 18 [28%]), those involving plasma cell disorders or multiple myeloma (16 of 27 [59%]) or myeloproliferative neoplasms (2 of 3 [67%]) were more likely to report PROs in the primary publication (P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review, almost 3 of every 4 therapeutic RCTs for blood cancers collected PRO data; however, only 1 RCT included PROs as a primary end point. Moreover, most did not report resulting PRO data in the primary publication and when reported, PROs were either better or unchanged, raising concern for publication bias. This analysis suggests a critical gap in dissemination of data on the lived experiences of patients enrolled in RCTs for hematological malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra Ivanov
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tajmah Jocelyn
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Hantel
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline S Garcia
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory A Abel
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ojo AS, Araoye MO, Ali A, Sarma R. The impact of current therapeutic options on the health-related quality of life of patients with relapse/refractory multiple myeloma: a systematic review of clinical studies. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:673-697. [PMID: 36645615 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with relapse and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) have a high disease burden with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) which worsens with each additional relapse. We aimed to review the impact of triplet, doublet, monotherapies, and salvage autologous stem cell transplantation on the HRQoL of RRMM patients. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of Medline/PubMed, Wiley Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Clinicaltrials.gov to identify clinical studies in RRMM patients with HRQoL as an outcome measure. The ISOQoL and CONSORT-PRO extension guidelines were used to assess the quality of HRQoL reporting. We synthesized the result using a qualitative analysis. RESULTS A total of 10,245 RRMM patients enrolled in 28 eligible studies received either a triplet, doublet regimen, monotherapy, or salvage autologous stem cell transplantation. The EORTC QLQ-C30 was the most used questionnaire, and compliance with HRQoL reporting standards is generally poor among studies without an additional HRQoL publication. Most of the current therapeutic options are at best able to maintain HRQoL at baseline but not improve it. The methodological and reporting heterogeneity among the studies complicates generalizations. CONCLUSIONS Many of the current treatment regimens for RRMM have demonstrated clinical effectiveness in trials. Unlike newly diagnosed MM, these regimens are less likely to result in significant improvement in HRQoL in RRMM. This should be communicated to patients before initiating therapies. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Individualized therapeutic approach for RRMM should be chosen based on a shared decision-making process that aligns clinical efficacy with patients' treatment priorities and HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola S Ojo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Mojisola O Araoye
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ravi Sarma
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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Chen Q, Zhang M, Zheng S, Tong Y, Tan Y. Therapeutic progress in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1833-1841. [PMID: 38609727 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Improvement in the therapeutics for multiple myeloma (MM) has been continuously developed owing to the application of novel drugs and technologies in the last 20 years. The standard first-line therapy for MM consists of a three-drug induction regimen based on immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors combined with autologous stem cell transplantation. However, MM remains incurable; therefore, therapies for relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) are emerging and evolving rapidly. This study aimed to summarize and review the results of RRMM trials over the past 5 years to provide a holistic overview and insights for practitioners in related fields and to provide additional ideas for clinical trialists. This study shows that daratumumab and isatuximab continue to significantly advance as treatment options. Additionally, novel antibody drugs, such as elotuzumab and selinexor, as well as bispecific antibodies, teclistamab and talquetamab, are currently undergoing clinical research with promising outcomes. However, chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen remains the optimal approach for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Tong
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Zhang C, Wang X, Cai G, Wang H, Liu Q, Ma S, Sun H, An Y, Miao M, Yin S, Liu P, Wang X, Wang J. Targeting KPNB1 with Genkwadaphnin suppresses gastric cancer progression through the Nur77-mediated signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176697. [PMID: 38823760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a global challenge due to the lack of early detection and precision therapies. Genkwadaphnin (DD1), a natural diterpene isolated from the bud of Flos GenkWa (Thymelaeaceae), serves as a Karyopherin β1 (KPNB1) inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of DD1 in both cell culture and animal models. Our findings reveal that KPNB1, a protein involved in nuclear import, was highly expressed in GC tissues and associated with a poor prognosis in patients. We demonstrated that DD1, alongside the established KPNB1 inhibitor importazole (IPZ), inhibited GC cell proliferation and tumor growth by enhancing both genomic and non-genomic activity of Nur77. DD1 and IPZ reduced the interaction between KPNB1 and Nur77, resulting in Nur77 cytoplasmic accumulation and triggering mitochondrial apoptosis. The inhibitors also increased the expression of the Nur77 target apoptotic genes ATF3, RB1CC1 and PMAIP1, inducing apoptosis in GC cell. More importantly, loss of Nur77 effectively rescued the inhibitory effect of DD1 and IPZ on GC cells in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this study, we for the first time explored the relationship between KPNB1 and Nur77, and found KPNB1 inhibition could significantly increase the expression of Nur77. Moreover, we investigated the function of KPNB1 in GC for the first time, and the results suggested that KPNB1 could be a potential target for cancer therapy, and DD1 might be a prospective therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education), School of Clinical Medicine, Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Guodi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Huizi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yana An
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Miaomiao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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5
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Liu Y, Yang R, Feng H, Du Y, Yang B, Zhang M, He P, Ma B, Niu F. Adverse events reporting of XPO1 inhibitor - selinexor: a real-word analysis from FAERS database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12231. [PMID: 38806549 PMCID: PMC11133441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As the world's first oral nuclear export inhibitor, selinexor is increasingly being used in clinical applications for malignant tumors. However, there is no extensive exploration on selinexor's adverse events (ADEs), necessitating a real-word assessment of its clinical medication safety. FAERS data (July 2019-June 2023) were searched for selinexor ADE reports across all indications. Use the system organ class (SOC) and preferred terms (PT) from the medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA) to describe, categorize, and statistic ADEs. Disproportionality analysis was employed through calculation of reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR). Based on total of 4392 selinexor related ADE reports as the primary suspect (PS), of which 2595 instances were severe outcomes. The predominant ADEs included gastrointestinal disorders, myelosuppression symptoms, and various nonspecific manifestations. 124 signals associated with selinexor ADE were detected, and 10 of these top 15 signals were not included into the instructions. Our study provides real-world evidence regarding the drug safety of selinexor, which is crucial for clinicians to safeguard patients' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bohan Ma
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No.127 Friendship West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fan Niu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Li B, Adam Eichhorn PJ, Chng WJ. Targeting the ubiquitin pathway in lymphoid malignancies. Cancer Lett 2024; 594:216978. [PMID: 38795760 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and related cellular processes control a variety of aspects in human cell biology, and defects in these processes contribute to multiple illnesses. In recent decades, our knowledge about the pathological role of ubiquitination in lymphoid cancers and therapeutic strategies to target the modified ubiquitination system has evolved tremendously. Here we review the altered signalling mechanisms mediated by the aberrant expression of cancer-associated E2s/E3s and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which result in the hyperactivation of oncoproteins or the frequently allied downregulation of tumour suppressors. We discuss recent highlights pertaining to the several different therapeutic interventions which are currently being evaluated to effectively block abnormal ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the use of heterobifunctional molecules which recruit the ubiquitination system to degrade or stabilize non-cognate substrates. This review aids in comprehension of ubiquitination aberrance in lymphoid cancers and current targeting strategies and elicits further investigations to deeply understand the link between cellular ubiquitination and lymphoid pathogenesis as well as to ameliorate corresponding treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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White D, Schiller GJ, Madan S, Lentzsch S, Chubar E, Lavi N, Van Domelen DR, Bentur OS, Baljevic M. Efficacy and safety of once weekly selinexor 40 mg versus 60 mg with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1352281. [PMID: 38826786 PMCID: PMC11140414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1352281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the optimal dose of selinexor in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (SPd). Methods An analysis of efficacy and safety of 2 once-weekly selinexor regimens (60 mg and 40 mg) with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (SPd-60 and SPd-40, respectively) given to patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the STOMP (NCT02343042) and XPORT-MM-028 (NCT04414475) trials. Results Twenty-eight patients (60.7% males, median age 67.5 years) and 20 patients (35.0% males, median age 65.5 years) were analyzed in the SPd-40 and SPd-60 cohorts, respectively. Overall response rate was 50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.6-69.4%) and 65% (95% CI 40.8-84.6%), respectively. Very good partial response or better was reported in 28.6% (95% CI 13.2-48.7%) and 30.0% (95% CI 11.9-54.3%) of patients, respectively. Among 27 responders in both cohorts, the 12-month sustained response rate was 83.3% (95% CI 64.7-100.0%) for SPd-40 and 28.1% (95% CI 8.9-88.8%) for SPd-60. Median progression-free survival was 18.4 months (95% CI 6.5 months, not evaluable [NE]) and 9.5 months (95% CI 7.6 months-NE) for SPd-40 and SPd-60, respectively. Twenty-four-month survival rates were 64.2% (95% CI 47.7-86.3%) for SPd-40 and 51.1% (95% CI 29.9-87.5%) for SPd-60. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) included neutropenia (all grades: SPd-40 64.3% versus SPd-60 75.0%), anemia (46.4% versus 65.0%), thrombocytopenia (42.9% versus 45.0%), fatigue (46.4% versus 75.0%), nausea (32.1% versus 70.0%) and diarrhea (28.6% versus 35.0%). Conclusion The all-oral combination of SPd exhibited preliminary signs of efficacy and was generally tolerable in patients with RRMM. The overall risk-benefit profile favored the SPd-40 regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell White
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gary J. Schiller
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sumit Madan
- Department of Medicine, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center at Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evgeni Chubar
- Clalit Health Services, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Noa Lavi
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Muhamed Baljevic
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Barbieri E, Martino EA, Rivolti E, Quaresima M, Vigna E, Neri A, Morabito F, Gentile M. Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in multiple myeloma with gain/amplification of chromosome arm 1q: a review of the literature. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:365-381. [PMID: 38757726 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2357382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gain/amplification of 1q (+1q) represents one of the most prevalent cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) observed in multiple myeloma (MM). Historical studies predating the advent of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) implicated + 1q in poor prognoses, prompting its integration into novel staging systems. However, with the emergence of daratumumab and isatuximab, two pivotal anti-CD38 moAbs, the landscape of MM therapy has undergone a profound transformation. AREAS COVERED This review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of diverse study methodologies, including observational investigations, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and real-world database analyses. By synthesizing these data sources, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of + 1q in the context of anti-CD38 moAbs therapies. EXPERT OPINION Despite the paucity of available data, evidence suggests a potential mitigating effect of daratumumab on the adverse prognostic implications of + 1q. However, this benefit seems to diminish in patients harboring ≥ 4 copies or with concurrent high-risk CAs. On the other hand, isatuximab demonstrated promising outcomes in the relapsed-refractory setting for + 1q MM patients. Nevertheless, direct comparison between the two compounds is currently challenging. The current evidence firmly supports the integration of anti-CD38 moAb-based therapies as the standard of care for + 1q patients, pending further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Barbieri
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Elena Rivolti
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Micol Quaresima
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ernesto Vigna
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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9
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Mateos MV, Engelhardt M, Leleu X, Mesa MG, Cavo M, Dimopoulos M, Bianco M, Merlo GM, Porte CL, Richardson PG, Moreau P. Impact of prior treatment on selinexor, bortezomib, dexamethasone outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: Extended follow-up subgroup analysis of the BOSTON trial. Eur J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38693052 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of prior therapies on outcomes with selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (SVd) versus bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd) in 402 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in the phase 3 BOSTON trial. METHODS Post hoc analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety for lenalidomide-refractory, proteasome inhibitor (PI)-naïve, bortezomib-naïve, and one prior line of therapy (1LOT) patient subgroups. RESULTS At a median follow-up of over 28 months, clinically meaningful improvements in PFS were noted across all groups with SVd. The median SVd PFS was longer in all subgroups (lenalidomide-refractory: 10.2 vs. 7.1 months, PI-naïve: 29.5 vs. 9.7; bortezomib-naïve: 29.5 vs. 9.7; 1LOT: 21.0 vs. 10.7; p < .05). The lenalidomide-refractory subgroup had longer OS with SVd (26.7 vs. 18.6 months; HR 0.53; p = .015). In all subgroups, overall response and ≥very good partial response rates were higher with SVd. The manageable safety profile of SVd was similar to the overall patient population. CONCLUSIONS With over 2 years of follow-up, these clinically meaningful outcomes further support the use of SVd in patients who are lenalidomide-refractory, PI-naïve, bortezomib-naïve, or who received 1LOT (including a monoclonal antibody) and underscore the observed synergy between selinexor and bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Victoria Mateos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Seràgnoli Institute of Haematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Meletios Dimopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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10
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Babar A, Babar M, Zubair H, Shahid A, Rafique S, Bano M, Waleed MS, Khan M, Inayat A, Safi D. Selinexor for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2024; 30:535-546. [PMID: 38454813 DOI: 10.1177/10781552241235902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma cells resist standard therapies due to overexpression of the transport protein, exportin 1. Selinexor is a novel drug that targets the Exportin 1 protein in these cells. DATA SOURCE A comprehensive search was done, and data showing the efficacy and safety of selinexor in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma was collected using PubMed, Google Scholar, and clincialtrials.gov. DATA SUMMARY Results from the clinical trials STORM, BOSTON, and STOMP were included. Parts I and II of the STORM trial revealed a progression-free survival (PFS) of 4.7 and 3.7 months, a median duration of response of 6.2 and 4.4 months, and an overall survival of 7.3 and 8.4 months, respectively. BOSTON trial's SVd arm (selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone) had a median follow-up period of 13.2 months and an mPFS of 13.93 months. The Vd arm (bortezomib and dexamethasone) had a median follow-up duration of 16.5 months and an mPFS of 9.46 months. The STOMP trial is still active and has limited data available. The SKd arm (selinexor, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone) reported an overall response rate of 66.7% in patients with triple refractory multiple myeloma, and 82% in patients with high-risk cytogenetics. The SPd arm (selinexor, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone) shows an overall response rate of 54.30% in pomalidomide naïve-nonrefractory, 35.70% in pomalidomide refractory and 60% in those dosed at RP2D. SRd arm (selinexor, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) shows an overall response rate of 91.7% in lenalidomide naïve and 12.5% in lenalidomide refractory patients. SVd (selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone) arm reported an overall response rate of 63% in all patients while the SDd arm (selinexor, daratumumab, and dexamethasone) showed an overall response rate of 73%. CONCLUSION To improve the outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, it is critical to develop new therapies, assess potential therapeutic synergies, and overcome drug resistance by determining the efficacy of multiple myeloma therapies across multiple disease subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Babar
- Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Hina Zubair
- Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sana Rafique
- Liaquat National Medical College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Maimona Bano
- Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Danish Safi
- J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, West Virginia, USA
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11
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Hoff FW, Banerjee R, Khan AM, McCaughan G, Wang B, Wang X, Roose J, Anderson LD, Cowan AJ, Rajkumar SV, Kaur G. Once-weekly versus twice-weekly bortezomib in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a real-world analysis. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:52. [PMID: 38519476 PMCID: PMC10959949 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Induction regimens for multiple myeloma (MM) commonly include bortezomib, which has typically been administered twice weekly despite studies demonstrating comparable efficacy and less peripheral neuropathy (PN) with once-weekly bortezomib. We aimed to analyze the real-world prevalence and efficacy of once-weekly versus twice-weekly bortezomib regimens in newly diagnosed MM. We analyzed 2497 US patients aged 18-70 years treated with commercial first-line bortezomib using nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived data, including 910 (36.4%) patients who received twice-weekly and 1522 (63.2%) who received once-weekly bortezomib. Once-weekly bortezomib use increased over time, from 57.7% in 2017 to 73.1% in 2022. Multivariate analysis identified worsened performance status and more recent year of diagnosis with higher odds of receiving once-weekly bortezomib. Real-world progression-free survival (median 37.2 months with once-weekly versus 39.6 months with twice-weekly, p = 0.906) and overall survival (medians not reached in either cohort, p = 0.800) were comparable. PN rates were higher in patients receiving twice-weekly bortezomib (34.7% versus 18.5%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, once-weekly bortezomib is clearly associated with similar efficacy and fewer toxicities compared to twice-weekly bortezomib. Our findings support once-weekly bortezomib as a standard-of-care regimen for newly diagnosed patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke W Hoff
- Myeloma, Waldenstrom's, and Amyloidosis Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adeel M Khan
- Myeloma, Waldenstrom's, and Amyloidosis Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Georgia McCaughan
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bo Wang
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Larry D Anderson
- Myeloma, Waldenstrom's, and Amyloidosis Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Cowan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gurbakhash Kaur
- Myeloma, Waldenstrom's, and Amyloidosis Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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12
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Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Gavriatopoulou M, Katodritou E, Hatjiharissi E, Malandrakis P, Verrou E, Golfinopoulos S, Migkou M, Manousou K, Delimpasi S, Symeonidis A, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA. Efficacy and safety of daratumumab with ixazomib and dexamethasone in lenalidomide-exposed patients after one prior line of therapy: Final results of the phase 2 study DARIA. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:396-407. [PMID: 38298023 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of lenalidomide in frontline therapy for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) has increased the number of those who become refractory to lenalidomide at second line. In this context, we assessed the efficacy of daratumumab in combination with ixazomib and dexamethasone (Dara-Ixa-dex) in the prospective phase 2 study DARIA. Eligible patients had relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) after one prior line with a lenalidomide-based regimen. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included survival outcomes, safety and changes in biomarkers of bone metabolism. Overall, 50 patients were enrolled (median age 69 years, 56% males). 32 (64%) patients were refractory to lenalidomide, and 17 (34%) had undergone autologous transplant. The ORR was 64% (n = 32); whereas 17 (34%) had a very good partial response or better. The median time to first response was 1.0 month. After a median follow-up of 23.4 months, the median PFS and OS were 8.1 and 39.2 months, respectively. Furthermore, significant changes in markers of bone metabolism became evident as early as at 6 months on treatment. Regarding safety, 21 (42%) patients had ≥1 grade 3/4 adverse event (AE); the most common was thrombocytopenia (n = 9, 18%). 14 (28%) patients had ≥1 serious AE (SAE), the most common being acute kidney injury and pneumonia (n = 2, each). Four patients died due to infections. In conclusion, second-line treatment with Dara-Ixa-dex in patients with RRMM pre-treated with a lenalidomide-based regimen resulted in rapid responses along with a favorable effect on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Katodritou
- Department of Hematology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdoxia Hatjiharissi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Verrou
- Department of Hematology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Magdalini Migkou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sosana Delimpasi
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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13
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Ocio EM, Efebera YA, Hájek R, Straub J, Maisnar V, Eveillard JR, Karlin L, Mateos MV, Oriol A, Ribrag V, Richardson PG, Norin S, Obermüller J, Bakker NA, Pour L. ANCHOR: melflufen plus dexamethasone and daratumumab or bortezomib in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: final results of a phase I/IIa study. Haematologica 2024; 109:867-876. [PMID: 37646657 PMCID: PMC10905089 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melphalan flufenamide (melflufen), a first-in-class, alkylating peptide-drug conjugate, demonstrated clinical benefit in combination with dexamethasone in triple-class refractory multiple myeloma (MM). The phase I/IIa ANCHOR study evaluated melflufen (30 or 40 mg) and dexamethasone (40 mg with daratumumab; 20 mg followed by 40 mg with bortezomib; dose reduced if aged ≥75 years) in triplet combination with daratumumab (16 mg/kg; daratumumab arm) or bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2; bortezomib arm) in patients with relapsed/refractory MM refractory to an immunomodulatory agent and/or a proteasome inhibitor and who had received one to four prior lines of therapy. Primary objectives were to determine the optimal dose of melflufen in triplet combination (phase I) and overall response rate (phase IIa). In total, 33 patients were treated in the daratumumab arm and 23 patients received therapy in the bortezomib arm. No dose-limiting toxicities were reported at either melflufen dose level with either combination. With both triplet regimens, the most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia; thrombocytopenia was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event leading to treatment discontinuation. In the daratumumab arm, patients receiving melflufen 30 mg remained on treatment longer than those receiving the 40-mg dose. In the daratumumab arm, the overall response rate was 73% and median progression-free survival was 12.9 months. Notably, in the bortezomib arm, the overall response rate was 78% and median progression-free survival was 14.7 months. Considering the totality of the data, melflufen 30 mg was established as the recommended dose for use with dexamethasone and daratumumab or bortezomib for future studies in relapsed/refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Ocio
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander.
| | - Yvonne A Efebera
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, OhioHealth, Columbus, OH, USA and OhioHealth, Columbus, OH
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Straub
- Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Maisnar
- Fourth Department of Medicine - Hematology, Charles University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lionel Karlin
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite
| | | | - Albert Oriol
- Institut Català d'Oncologia and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif
| | | | | | | | | | - Luděk Pour
- Fakultní nemocnice Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Martino EA, Vigna E, Bruzzese A, Labanca C, Mendicino F, Lucia E, Olivito V, Zimbo A, Torricelli F, Neri A, Morabito F, Gentile M. Selinexor in multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:421-434. [PMID: 38503547 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2333376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selinexor, an XPO1 inhibitor, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option in the challenging landscape of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). AREAS COVERED This article provides a review of selinexor, with a focus on available clinical studies involving MM patients and its safety profile. Clinical trials, such as STORM and BOSTON, have demonstrated its efficacy, particularly in combination regimens, showcasing notable overall response rates (ORR) and prolonged median progressionfree survival (mPFS). Selinexor's versatility is evident across various combinations, including carfilzomibdexamethasone (XKd), lenalidomidedexamethasone (XRd), and pomalidomidedexamethasone (XPd), with efficacy observed even in tripleclass refractory and highrisk patient populations. However, challenges, including resistance mechanisms and adverse events, necessitate careful management. Realworld evidence also underscores selinexor's effectiveness in RRMM, though dose adjustments and supportive measures remain crucial. Ongoing trials are exploring selinexor in diverse combinations and settings, including pomalidomidenaïve patients and postautologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) maintenance. EXPERT OPINION The evolving landscape of selinexor's role in the sequencing of treatment for RRMM, its potential in highrisk patients, including those with extramedullary disease, as revealed in the most recent international meetings, and ongoing investigations signal a dynamic era in myeloma therapeutics. Selinexor emerges as a pivotal component in multidrug strategies and innovative combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Vigna
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eugenio Lucia
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Zimbo
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Cliniche, Biomolecolari e Genetica, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Traslazionale Azienda USL-IRCSS Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, I-42123 Reggio Emilia, EmiliaRomagna, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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15
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Chen C, Miao X, Guo X, Xu J, Liang J, Zheng Y, Chi L, Chen X, Wei L, Zhang H, Ye X, He J. Safety of selinexor as the only exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor so far: a post-marketing study based on the world Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (Vigibase). Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:247-255. [PMID: 37608630 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2248888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors are being developed as a new agent for anti-cancer therapies. This study aimed to broadly portray the adverse event (AE) profile of selinexor, an XPO1 inhibitor, in actual clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Disproportionality analyses were conducted by calculating the information component and reporting odds ratio in VigiBase over different reporting periods. All selinexor-related AEs were classified by system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. RESULTS A total of 116,443 AEs were identified in 2,608 patients that received selinexor. Patients with cardiac disorders had a higher propensity for death. Thirteen SOCs and 125 PTs were identified as having a potential connection with selinexor. Notably, 29 suspected signals detected in our study were defined as significant AEs by the European Medicines Agency, including febrile neutropenia, pancytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Attention should be paid to these AEs, despite most toxicities being manageable and reversible. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a number of AEs associated with selinexor. Most toxicities are reversible but require careful management. The benefit of selinexor still outweighs the potential risks, indicating XPO1 inhibitors as promising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfang Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhou Liang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Chi
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Wei
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Garfall AL. New Biological Therapies for Multiple Myeloma. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:13-29. [PMID: 37729027 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050522-033815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of bone marrow plasma cells that represents approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies. Though it is typically incurable, a remarkable suite of new therapies developed over the last 25 years has enabled durable disease control in most patients. This article briefly introduces the clinical features of multiple myeloma and aspects of multiple myeloma biology that modern therapies exploit. Key current and emerging treatment modalities are then reviewed, including cereblon-modulating agents, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, other molecularly targeted therapies (selinexor, venetoclax), chimeric antigen receptor T cells, T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. For each modality, mechanism of action and clinical considerations are discussed. These therapies are combined and sequenced in modern treatment pathways, discussed at the conclusion of the article, which have led to substantial improvements in outcomes for multiple myeloma patients in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred L Garfall
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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17
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Neupane K, Fortuna GG, Dahal R, Schmidt T, Fonseca R, Chakraborty R, Koehn KA, Mohan M, Mian H, Costa LJ, Sborov D, Mohyuddin GR. Alterations in chromosome 1q in multiple myeloma randomized clinical trials: a systematic review. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:20. [PMID: 38272897 PMCID: PMC10810902 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-00985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extra copies of chromosome 1q21 (+1q: gain = 3 copies, amp >= 4 copies) are associated with worse outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM). This systematic review assesses the current reporting trends of +1q, the efficacy of existing regimens on +1q, and its prognostic implications in MM randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Registry of RCTs were searched from January 2012 to December 2022. Only MM RCTs were included. A total of 124 RCTs were included, of which 29 (23%) studies reported on +1q. Among them, 10% defined thresholds for +1q, 14% reported survival data separately for gain and amp, and 79% considered +1q a high-risk cytogenetic abnormality. Amongst RCTs that met the primary endpoint showing improvement in progression free survival (PFS), lenalidomide maintenance (Myeloma XI), selinexor (BOSTON), and isatuximab (IKEMA and ICARIA) were shown to improve PFS for patients with evidence of +1q. Some additional RCT's such as Myeloma XI+ (carfilzomib), ELOQUENT-3 (elotuzumab), and HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 (bortezomib) met their endpoint showing improvement in PFS and also showed improvement in PFS in the +1q cohort, although the confidence interval crossed 1. All six studies that reported HR for +1q patients vs. without (across both arms) showed worse OS and PFS for +1q. There is considerable heterogeneity in the reporting of +1q. All interventions that have shown to be successful in RCTs and have clearly reported on the +1q subgroup have shown concordant direction of results and benefit of the applied intervention. A more standardized approach to reporting this abnormality is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karun Neupane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gliceida Galarza Fortuna
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Riyasha Dahal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Siddharthanagar, Nepal
| | - Timothy Schmidt
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rajshekhar Chakraborty
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Ann Koehn
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chub O'Reilly Cancer Center, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Meera Mohan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US
| | - Hira Mian
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luciano J Costa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, O'Neal Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas Sborov
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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18
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Paiva B, Zherniakova A, Nuñez-Córdoba JM, Rodriguez-Otero P, Shi Q, Munshi NC, Durie BGM, San-Miguel J. Impact of treatment effect on MRD and PFS: an aggregate data analysis from randomized clinical trials in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2024; 8:219-223. [PMID: 37639322 PMCID: PMC10805640 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paiva
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anastasiia Zherniakova
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge M. Nuñez-Córdoba
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Otero
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jesus San-Miguel
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center CB16/12/00369, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Huang Q, Zhao R, Xu L, Hao X, Tao S. Treatment of multiple myeloma with selinexor: a review. Ther Adv Hematol 2024; 15:20406207231219442. [PMID: 38186637 PMCID: PMC10771077 DOI: 10.1177/20406207231219442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, breakthroughs in accessible therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) have been made. Nevertheless, patients with MM resistant to immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies have a very poor outcome. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new drugs for the treatment of MM. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of selinexor, relevant primary clinical trials, and recent developments in both patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma and patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Selinexor may be useful for the treatment of refractory MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Ranran Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Xinbao Hao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Shi Tao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, 31 Longhua Road, Haikou 570102, China
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20
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Newell S, van der Watt PJ, Leaner VD. Therapeutic targeting of nuclear export and import receptors in cancer and their potential in combination chemotherapy. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:4-25. [PMID: 37623925 PMCID: PMC10952567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic modalities are crucial in the management of disseminated malignancies and liquid tumours. However, patient responses and tolerability to treatment are generally poor and those that enter remission often return with refractory disease. Combination therapies provide a methodology to overcome chemoresistance mechanisms and address dose-limiting toxicities. A deeper understanding of tumorigenic processes at the molecular level has brought a targeted therapy approach to the forefront of cancer research, and novel cancer biomarkers are being identified at a rapid rate, with some showing potential therapeutic benefits. The Karyopherin superfamily of proteins is soluble receptors that mediate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and RNAs, and recently, nuclear transport receptors have been recognized as novel anticancer targets. Inhibitors against nuclear export have been approved for clinical use against certain cancer types, whereas inhibitors against nuclear import are in preclinical stages of investigation. Mechanistically, targeting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling has shown to abrogate oncogenic signalling and restore tumour suppressor functions through nuclear sequestration of relevant proteins and mRNAs. Hence, nuclear transport inhibitors display broad spectrum anticancer activity and harbour potential to engage in synergistic interactions with a wide array of cytotoxic agents and other targeted agents. This review is focussed on the most researched nuclear transport receptors in the context of cancer, XPO1 and KPNB1, and highlights how inhibitors targeting these receptors can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard of care therapies and novel targeted agents in a combination therapy approach. Furthermore, an updated review on the therapeutic targeting of lesser characterized karyopherin proteins is provided and resistance to clinically approved nuclear export inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Newell
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- UCT/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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21
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Kulig P, Łuczkowska K, Bakinowska E, Baumert B, Machaliński B. Epigenetic Alterations as Vital Aspects of Bortezomib Molecular Action. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:84. [PMID: 38201512 PMCID: PMC10778101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is widely implemented in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Its main mechanism of action is very well established. BTZ selectively and reversibly inhibits the 26S proteasome. More precisely, it interacts with the chymotryptic site of the 20S proteasome and therefore inhibits the degradation of proteins. This results in the intracellular accumulation of misfolded or otherwise defective proteins leading to growth inhibition and apoptosis. As well as interfering with the ubiquitin-proteasome complex, BTZ elicits various epigenetic alterations which contribute to its cytotoxic effects as well as to the development of BTZ resistance. In this review, we summarized the epigenetic alterations elicited by BTZ. We focused on modifications contributing to the mechanism of action, those mediating drug-resistance development, and epigenetic changes promoting the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy. In addition, there are therapeutic strategies which are specifically designed to target epigenetic changes. Herein, we also reviewed epigenetic agents which might enhance BTZ-related cytotoxicity or restore the sensitivity to BTZ of resistant clones. Finally, we highlighted putative future perspectives regarding the role of targeting epigenetic changes in patients exposed to BTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.Ł.); (E.B.)
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.Ł.); (E.B.)
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.Ł.); (E.B.)
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.Ł.); (E.B.)
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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22
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Vergote I, Pérez-Fidalgo JA, Hamilton EP, Valabrega G, Van Gorp T, Sehouli J, Cibula D, Levy T, Welch S, Richardson DL, Guerra EM, Scambia G, Henry S, Wimberger P, Miller DS, Klat J, Martínez-Garcia J, Raspagliesi F, Pothuri B, Romero I, Bergamini A, Slomovitz B, Schochter F, Høgdall E, Fariñas-Madrid L, Monk BJ, Michel D, Kauffman MG, Shacham S, Mirza MR, Makker V. Oral Selinexor as Maintenance Therapy After First-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:5400-5410. [PMID: 37669480 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Selinexor inhibits exportin-1 (XPO1) resulting in nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins including p53 and has clinical activity in endometrial cancer (EC). The primary end point was to assess progression-free survival (PFS) with once-weekly oral selinexor in patients with advanced or recurrent EC. PATIENTS AND METHODS ENGOT-EN5/GOG-3055/SIENDO was a randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study at 107 sites in 10 countries. Patients 18 years or older with histologically confirmed EC were enrolled. All had completed a single line of at least 12 weeks of taxane-platinum combination chemotherapy and achieved partial or complete response. Patients were assigned to receive 80 mg oral selinexor once weekly or placebo with 2:1 random assignment (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03555422). RESULTS Between January 2018 and December 2021, 263 patients were randomly assigned, with 174 allocated to selinexor and 89 to placebo. The median PFS was 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.81 to 9.20) with selinexor versus 3.8 months (95% CI, 3.68 to 7.39) with placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.54 to 1.08]; two-sided P = .126), which did not meet the criteria for statistical significance in the intent-to-treat population. Incorrect chemotherapy response stratification data for 7 (2.7%) patients were identified. In a prespecified exploratory analysis of PFS in audited stratification data, PFS for selinexor met the threshold for statistical significance (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.499 to 0.996; two-sided P = .049). Furthermore, patients with the TP53 wild-type (wt) EC had a median PFS of 13.7 and 3.7 months with selinexor and placebo. The most common grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were nausea (9%), neutropenia (9%), and thrombocytopenia (7%). CONCLUSION The significance level for PFS was only met in the audited analysis. However, a preliminary analysis of a prespecified exploratory subgroup of patients with TP53wt EC showed promising results with selinexor maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace Vergote
- BGOG, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Giorgio Valabrega
- MITO and Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Toon Van Gorp
- BGOG, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, NOGGO, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité-Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Cibula
- CEEGOG, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tally Levy
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISGO, Wolfson Medical Center, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | | | - Debra L Richardson
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Eva M Guerra
- GEICO, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- MITO, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Henry
- CHU UCL Namur Site Ste Elisabeth, Service d'onco-hématologie (SORMN), BGOG and Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur, Belgium
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, NOGGO and Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David S Miller
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jaroslav Klat
- University Hospital Ostrava and University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Bhavana Pothuri
- NYU Langone Health, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ignacio Romero
- Medical Oncology, Fundacion Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alice Bergamini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Raffaele Milano, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Brian Slomovitz
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Fabienne Schochter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lorena Fariñas-Madrid
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bradley J Monk
- GOG, HonorHealth, University of Arizona, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Vicky Makker
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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23
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Hartley-Brown M. Considerations for next therapy after anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies used as first line. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:443-449. [PMID: 38066885 PMCID: PMC10727041 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current treatment paradigm, the use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in frontline has notably increased, for both transplant-ineligible and transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. As a result, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are frequently exposed to or develop resistance to anti-CD38 mAb therapy during the initial stages of treatment. Here, we review second-line (first relapse) and some third-line (second relapse) therapies for patients with MM with disease progression after exposure to anti-CD38 mAb-based therapy. We discuss therapies including B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted and non-BCMA-targeted therapeutic options in the setting of prior anti-CD38 mAb exposure/refractoriness.
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24
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Jagannath S, Delimpasi S, Grosicki S, Van Domelen DR, Bentur OS, Špička I, Dimopoulos MA. Association of Selinexor Dose Reductions With Clinical Outcomes in the BOSTON Study. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:917-923.e3. [PMID: 37743180 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose modifications in response to adverse events (AEs) can maintain tumor response and improve therapy tolerability. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of the efficacy and safety of reduced selinexor doses in the BOSTON trial (NCT03110562). PATIENTS AND METHODS Efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL) in 195 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma randomized to once-weekly (QW) selinexor (100 mg), QW subcutaneous bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2), and twice-weekly dexamethasone (20 mg) were compared between patients with dose reductions and those without. RESULTS In total, 126 patients (65%) had selinexor dose reductions (median dose 71.4 mg/wk). In patients with dose reductions versus those without median progression-free survival was 16.6 months (95% CI 12.9-not evaluable [NE]) versus 9.2 months [95% CI 6.8-15.5]), overall response rate was 81.7% (95% CI 73.9-88.1%) versus 66.7% (95% CI 54.3-77.6%), ≥very good partial response was (51.6% [95% CI 42.5-60.6%] vs. 31.9% [95% CI 21.2-44.2]), median duration of response was not reached (95% CI 13.8-NE) versus 12.0 months (95% CI 8.3-NE), and time to next treatment was 22.6 months (95% CI 14.6-NE) versus 10.5 months (95% CI 6.3-18.2). Mean best change from baseline on the EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health Status/QoL scale was 10.0 ± 20.5 versus 4.0 ± 20.9. Duration-adjusted AE rates that were lower after selinexor dose reduction included thrombocytopenia (62.5% before vs. 47.6% after), nausea (31.6% vs. 7.3%), fatigue (28.1% vs. 9.9%), decreased appetite (21.5% vs. 6.4%), anemia (17.9% vs. 10.3%), and diarrhea (12.9% vs. 5.2%). CONCLUSION Appropriate dose reductions in response to AEs of the 100 mg selinexor starting dose in the BOSTON study were associated with improved efficacy, reduced AE rates and improved QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Jagannath
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Špička
- Charles University and General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Gu X, Sun C, Xu J, Lin Z, Zhang L, Zheng Y. Optimal timing and drug combination of selinexor in multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematology 2023; 28:2187972. [PMID: 36920065 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2187972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease despite advances in treatment options. Recently, selinexor has shown promising efficacy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), whereas its optimal timing and drug combination remain unclear. In order to assess the various regimens that incorporate selinexor, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS Clinical trials and real-world studies involving MM patients treated with selinexor were included. Pooled risk ratio (RR) was calculated to compare the rates, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and concurrent p-value assessment. A random-effects model was employed to provide a more conservative evaluation. RESULTS A total of 16 studies enrolling 817 patients were reviewed. The usage of selinexor as the fifth-line or prior therapy achieved a higher objective response rate (ORR) (65.9% versus 23.4%, p < 0.01) and longer pooled progression-free survival (PFS) (median: 12.5 months versus 2.9 months, p < 0.01) than those after the fifth-line usage. In addition, early usage also resulted in a consistent trend of pooled overall survival (median: 22.7 months versus 8.9 months, p = 0.26), compared with post-fifth-line usage. Selinexor and dexamethasone (Xd) plus either protease inhibitors (PIs) or immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) achieved better ORRs than the Xd-only regimen for RRMM, with ORRs of 56.1%, 52.5% and 24.6%, respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, using selinexor as the fifth-line or prior therapy had a beneficial impact on RRMM. The regimen of Xd plus PIs or IMiDs was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Gu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimei Lin
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Bogani G, Monk BJ, Coleman RL, Vergote I, Oakin A, Ray-Coquard I, Mariani A, Scambia G, Raspagliesi F, Bolognese B. Selinexor in patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2023; 47:100963. [PMID: 37271639 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2023.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selinexor is an oral inhibitor of the nuclear export protein called Exportin 1 (XPO1) with demonstrated antitumor activity in hematological and solid tumors. Selinexor, blocking XPO1, induces nuclear localization of tumor suppressor proteins (including p53, p73, BRCA1, and pRB), leading to the selective induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of DNA damage repair proteins. XPO1 overexpression is common in endometrial cancers. Phase I and II trials reported the antitumor activity of selinexor in patients with endometrial carcinoma. The preliminary results of the phase III Selinexor in ENDOmetrial Cancer (SIENDO/ENGOT-EN5/GOG-3055) trial supported the use of selinexor as maintenance therapy in advanced endometrial cancer patients achieving at least partial response after a minimum of 12 weeks of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Selinexor maintenance resulted in a (nonsignificant) 30% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death. Looking at the endometrial cancer molecular subgroup characterized by TP53 wild type, the antitumor activity of selinexor seemed more pronounced, resulting in approximately a 60% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death. The SIENDO and the XPORT-EC trials will clarify the benefits and risks of adding selinexor as a first-line chemotherapy maintenance treatment in all-comer and TP53 wild-type endometrial cancers. Preclinical data highlights the potential for selinexor to be synthetically lethal with PARP inhibitors and may also plan a role in overcoming acquired resistance to those therapies. Therefore, new possible combinations with PARP inhibitors and should be evaluated. Furthermore, the combination of selinexor plus immune checkpoint inhibitors deserves further investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bogani
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Bradley J Monk
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
| | | | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, and BGOG, Belgium, European Union
| | - Ana Oakin
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), P. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Mariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento per le Scienze Della Salute Della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Raspagliesi
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Motais B, Charvátová S, Walek Z, Hájek R, Bagó JR. NK92 Expressing Anti-BCMA CAR and Secreted TRAIL for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: Preliminary In Vitro Assessment. Cells 2023; 12:2748. [PMID: 38067177 PMCID: PMC10706019 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) has witnessed improved patient outcomes through advancements in therapeutic approaches. Notably, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies have contributed to enhanced quality of life. Recently, a promising avenue has emerged with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed widely on MM cells. To mitigate risks associated with allogenic T cells, we investigated the potential of BCMA CAR expression in natural killer cells (NKs), known for potent cytotoxicity and minimal side effects. Using the NK-92 cell line, we co-expressed BCMA CAR and soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) employing the piggyBac transposon system. Engineered NK cells (CAR-NK-92-TRAIL) demonstrated robust cytotoxicity against a panel of MM cell lines and primary patient samples, outperforming unmodified NK-92 cells with a mean difference in viability of 45.1% (±26.1%, depending on the target cell line). Combination therapy was explored with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ) and γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), leading to a significant synergistic effect in combination with CAR-NK-92-TRAIL cells. This synergy was evident in cytotoxicity assays where a notable decrease in MM cell viability was observed in combinatorial therapy compared to single treatment. In summary, our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the CAR-NK-92-TRAIL cells for the treatment of MM. The synergistic impact of combining these engineered NK cells with BZ and GSI supports further development of allogeneic CAR-based products for effective MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Motais
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (Z.W.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Charvátová
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (Z.W.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Walek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (Z.W.); (R.H.)
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (Z.W.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Juli R. Bagó
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (B.M.); (S.C.); (Z.W.); (R.H.)
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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28
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Yang Y, Guo L, Chen L, Gong B, Jia D, Sun Q. Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function, and disease relevance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:425. [PMID: 37945593 PMCID: PMC10636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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Banerjee R, Wang B, Anderson LD, McCaughan G, Mehra N, Cowan AJ, Rajkumar SV, Kaur G. Once-weekly bortezomib as the standard of care in multiple myeloma: results from an international survey of physicians. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:162. [PMID: 37926718 PMCID: PMC10625982 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Bo Wang
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Larry D Anderson
- Myeloma, Waldenstrom's, and Amyloidosis Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Georgia McCaughan
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikita Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Andrew J Cowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gurbakhash Kaur
- Myeloma, Waldenstrom's, and Amyloidosis Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Fazio M, Del Fabro V, Parrinello NL, Allegra A, Markovic U, Botta C, Accardi F, Vincelli ID, Leotta S, Elia F, Esposito B, Garibaldi B, Sapuppo G, Orofino A, Romano A, Palumbo GA, Di Raimondo F, Conticello C. Multiple Myeloma in 2023 Ways: From Trials to Real Life. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9710-9733. [PMID: 37999125 PMCID: PMC10670159 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a chronic hematologic malignancy that obstinately tends to relapse. Basic research has made giant strides in better characterizing the molecular mechanisms of the disease. The results have led to the manufacturing of new, revolutionary drugs which have been widely tested in clinical trials. These drugs have been approved and are now part of the therapeutic armamentarium. As a consequence, it is essential to combine what we know from clinical trials with real-world data in order to improve therapeutic strategies. Starting with this premise, our review aims to describe the currently employed regimens in multiple myeloma and compare clinical trials with real-life experiences. We also intend to put a spotlight on promising therapies such as T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) which are proving to be effective in changing the course of advanced-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Fazio
- Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (B.G.); (G.S.); (A.O.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Vittorio Del Fabro
- Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.D.F.); (N.L.P.); (U.M.); (S.L.); (F.E.)
| | - Nunziatina Laura Parrinello
- Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.D.F.); (N.L.P.); (U.M.); (S.L.); (F.E.)
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Uroš Markovic
- Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.D.F.); (N.L.P.); (U.M.); (S.L.); (F.E.)
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Department of Hematology I, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Iolanda Donatella Vincelli
- Haematology Unit, Haemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Leotta
- Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.D.F.); (N.L.P.); (U.M.); (S.L.); (F.E.)
| | - Federica Elia
- Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.D.F.); (N.L.P.); (U.M.); (S.L.); (F.E.)
| | - Benedetta Esposito
- Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (B.G.); (G.S.); (A.O.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Bruno Garibaldi
- Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (B.G.); (G.S.); (A.O.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Gabriele Sapuppo
- Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (B.G.); (G.S.); (A.O.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Alessandra Orofino
- Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (B.G.); (G.S.); (A.O.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, CHIRMED, Sezione di Ematologia, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe A. Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F.Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (B.G.); (G.S.); (A.O.); (F.D.R.)
- Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.D.F.); (N.L.P.); (U.M.); (S.L.); (F.E.)
- Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, CHIRMED, Sezione di Ematologia, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Concetta Conticello
- Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. ‘Policlinico-San Marco’, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.D.F.); (N.L.P.); (U.M.); (S.L.); (F.E.)
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Raab MS, Zamagni E, Manier S, Rodriguez‐Otero P, Schjesvold F, Broijl A. Difficult-to-treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A review of clinical trial results. EJHAEM 2023; 4:1117-1131. [PMID: 38024633 PMCID: PMC10660429 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Overall outcomes for multiple myeloma have improved due to the availability of new therapies, but patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma harbouring certain factors continue to pose a therapeutic challenge. These challenging features include high-risk cytogenetics, renal impairment, patient characteristics such as age and frailty, and extramedullary disease. Prior refractory status and number of prior lines add further complexity to the treatment of these patients. While newer regimens are available and have suggested efficacy in these patient populations through subgroup analyses, differences in trial definitions and cut-offs make meaningful comparisons difficult. This review aims to examine the available clinical trial data for patients with high-risk cytogenetics, renal impairment, age and frailty and extramedullary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S. Raab
- Heidelberg Myeloma Center, Department of Medicine VUniversity HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Elena Zamagni
- Seragnoli Institute of HematologyBologna University School of MedicineBolognaItaly
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of HematologyUniversity Hospital Center of LilleLilleFrance
| | | | - Fredrik Schjesvold
- Oslo Myeloma Center, Department of HaematologyOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and KG Jebsen Center for B Cell MalignanciesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Annemiek Broijl
- Department of HematologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
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32
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Kastritis E, Gavriatopoulou M, Solia E, Theodorakakou F, Spiliopoulou V, Malandrakis P, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Migkou M, Kokkali N, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Syrigou R, Fotiou D, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Real World Efficacy and Toxicity of Selinexor: Importance of Patient Characteristics, Dose Intensity and Post Progression Outcomes. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:844-849. [PMID: 37599164 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Selinexor is an orally available selective inhibitor of exportin-1 that has offered a new treatment option in relapsed or refractory myeloma (RRMM) either in combination with dexamethasone (Sd) or with bortezomib and dexamethasone (SVd). PATIENTS-METHODS We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of selinexor combinations in the real world, post progression therapies and their outcomes. The analysis included 44 patients with RRMM treated with Sd (N = 21, 48%) or SVd (N = 23, 52%). RESULTS On intent-to-treat, response rate (ORR) among all treated patients was 29.5% (13/44, of which CR: 2, VGPR: 3, PR:8); ORR was 35% for SVd and 24% for Sd. Median PFS was 3.0 months for all; 6.9 months for responders (≥PR),2.7 months for Sd and 3.4 months for SVd treated patients. In univariate analysis, serum albumin <3.5 g/dl and LDH >ULN were associated with worse PFS (P = .001 and P = .032, respectively).The OS of the whole cohort exceeded one year while serum albumin <3.5 gr/dl and LDH>ULN were associated with worse OS. After progression to Sd/SVd, 20 patients received further therapy; on ITT, the ORR was 40% (8/20) and the subsequent PFS was 3.4 months. The most common adverse events were fatigue, thrombocytopenia and nausea, while the most recorded grade 3 or 4 side effect was thrombocytopenia; 56% (25/44) of patients required dose reduction, however, this was not associated with inferior PFS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, selinexor-based therapy provides an additional treatment option in the real word setting and with appropriate dosing and toxicity management a subset of patients may have significant benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece.
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Eirini Solia
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Foteini Theodorakakou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Spiliopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Magdalini Migkou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Kokkali
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Rodanthi Syrigou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Despina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece
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Deng M, Tan J, Fan Z, Pham LV, Zhu F, Fang X, Zhao H, Young K, Xu B. The synergy of the XPO1 inhibitors combined with the BET inhibitor INCB057643 in high-grade B-cell lymphoma via downregulation of MYC expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18554. [PMID: 37899423 PMCID: PMC10613613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (HGBCL-DH) represents an uncommon B-cell lymphoma (BCL) with aggressive clinical courses and poor prognosis. Despite revolutionary therapeutic advances in BCL, there has been limited treatment progress in HGBCL-DH, thus necessitating additional therapeutic strategies for HGBCL-DH. This study demonstrated that the BET antagonist INCB057643 synergized with the XPO1 inhibitors (selinexor and eltanexor) to decrease cell viability and increase cell apoptosis in HGBCL-DH cells with or without TP53 mutations. As anticipated, the combined treatment of INCB057643 with selinexor slowed tumor growth and reduced the tumor burden in TP53-mutated HGBCL-DH xenografts. Mechanistically, MYC functional inhibition was a potential molecular mechanism underlying the synergy of the combined INCB057643 and selinexor treatment in HGBCL-DH cells independent of TP53 mutation status. In TP53 mutated HGBCL-DH cells, inducing DNA damage and impairing the DNA damage response (DDR) were involved in the therapeutic interaction of the combined regimen. In TP53 wild-type cells, the molecular mechanism was linked with upregulation of p53 levels and activation of its targeted pathways, rather than dysregulation of the DDR. Collectively, we might provide a potential promising combination therapy regimen for the management of HGBCL-DH. Clinical evaluations are warranted to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jinshui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ziying Fan
- Department of Hematology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Lan V Pham
- Phamacyclics, an Abbvie Company, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China.
| | - Kenh Young
- Division of Hematopathology and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China.
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34
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Vitale C, Griggio V, Todaro M, Riganti C, Jones R, Boccellato E, Perutelli F, Arruga F, Vaisitti T, Efremov DG, Deaglio S, Landesman Y, Bruno B, Coscia M. Anti-tumor activity of selinexor in combination with antineoplastic agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16950. [PMID: 37805613 PMCID: PMC10560255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent relevant therapeutic progresses, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Selinexor, an oral inhibitor of the nuclear export protein XPO1, is active as single agent in different hematologic malignancies, including CLL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of selinexor, used in combination with chemotherapy drugs (i.e. fludarabine and bendamustine) or with the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in CLL. Our results showed a significant decrease in CLL cell viability after treatment with selinexor-containing drug combinations compared to each single compound, with demonstration of synergistic cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, this drug synergism was exerted also in the presence of the protective effect of stromal cells. From the molecular standpoint, the synergistic cytotoxic activity of selinexor plus idelalisib was associated with increased regulatory effects of this drug combination on the tumor suppressors FOXO3A and IkBα compared to each single compound. Finally, selinexor was also effective in potentiating the in vivo anti-tumor effects of the PI3Kδ inhibitor in mice treated with the drug combination compared to single agents. Our data provide preclinical evidence of the synergism and potential efficacy of a combination treatment targeting XPO1 and PI3Kδ in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Todaro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Jones
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Benedetto Bruno
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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35
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Talbot A, Bobin A, Tabone L, Lambert J, Boccaccio C, Deal C, Petillon MO, Allangba O, Agape P, Arnautou P, Belkhir R, Cailleres S, Chaoui D, Chrétien ML, Decaux O, Schulmann S, Frenzel L, Gastaud L, Huart A, Hulin C, Karlin L, Laribi K, Le Calloch R, Lenain P, Macro M, Manier S, Montes L, Moreau S, Moreau P, Morel V, Norwood J, Piocelle FO, Perrot A, Pica GM, Rey P, Schmitt A, Stoppa AM, Tiab M, Touzeau C, Vidal V, Vignon M, Vincent L, Van De Wyngaert Z, Zarnitsky C, Kerbouche N, Paka P, Leleu X, Arnulf B, Avet-Loiseau H, Du Myélome IIF. Real-world study of the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin (GSK2857916) in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma based on data from the nominative ATU in France: the IFM 2020-04 study. Haematologica 2023; 108:2774-2782. [PMID: 37078253 PMCID: PMC10543185 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Belantamab mafodotin (BM) is an anti-BCMA antibody-drug conjugate (GSK2857916) that represents an alternative option in multiple myeloma. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of BM in a real-world setting in patients who benefited from an early access program. We conducted an observational, retrospective, multicenter study. Eligibility criteria were treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in monotherapy in adult patients who have received at least three lines of therapy previously, including at least one immunomodulatory agent (IMiD), a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, and whose disease progressed during the last treatment period. The primary endpoint of the study is to assess the overall survival (OS). Between November 2019 and December 2020, 106 patients were treated with BM; 97 were eligible for the efficacy evaluation and 104 for safety. The median age was 66 (range, 37-82) years. High-risk cytogenetics were identified in 40.9% of patients. Fifty-five (56.7%) patients were triple-class refractory and 11 (11.3%) were penta-class refractory. The median number of prior lines of treatment was five (range, 3-12). The median number of BM cycles administered was three (range, 1-22). The overall response rate at best response was 38.1% (37/97). The median OS was 9.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.9-15.3), and median progression-free survival was 3.5 months (95% CI: 1.9-4.7). The median duration of response was 9 months (range, 4.65-10.4). Treatment was delayed for 55 (52.9%) patients including 36.5% for treatment-related toxicity. Ophthalmic adverse events, mainly grade ≤2, were the most common toxicity (48%). The occurrence of keratopathy was 37.5%. Overall, our data are concordant with the results from DREAMM-2 in terms of efficacy and safety on a non-biased population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Talbot
- Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Immuno-Hématologie, INSERM U976, équipe 5.
| | - Arthur Bobin
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie cellulaire, CIC U1402, Poitiers
| | | | - Jérôme Lambert
- ECSTRA, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, INSERM UMR 1153
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Allangba
- Centre Hospitalier Yves Le Foll, Hématologie-Oncologie, Saint Brieuc
| | | | - Pierre Arnautou
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Hématologie, Clamart
| | | | - Sylvie Cailleres
- Centre Hospitalier du Pays d'Aix, Service hématologie oncologie, Aix-enProvence
| | - Driss Chaoui
- Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Hématologie, Argenteuil
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Frenzel
- APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Hématologie adultes
| | - Lauris Gastaud
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, service onco-hématologie, Nice
| | - Antoine Huart
- CHU Toulouse - Hôpital de Rangueil, Néphrologie, Toulouse
| | - Cyrille Hulin
- CHU Bordeaux, Hématologie et thérapie cellulaire, Bordeaux
| | | | - Kamel Laribi
- Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Hématologie clinique, Le Mans
| | - Ronan Le Calloch
- Centre Hospitalier de Quimper Cornouaille, Service d'hématologie, Quimper
| | | | | | | | | | - Stéphane Moreau
- CHU de Limoges, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, Limoges
| | | | | | | | | | - Aurore Perrot
- CHU de Toulouse, IUCT-O, Service Hématologie, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse
| | | | | | | | | | - Mourad Tiab
- CHD Vendée, Médecine Interne, La Roche-sur-Yon
| | | | | | | | - Laure Vincent
- CHU Montpellier - Hôpital Saint Eloi, Hématologie, Montpellier
| | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Leleu
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie cellulaire, CIC U1402, Poitiers
| | - Bertrand Arnulf
- Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Immuno-Hématologie, INSERM U976, équipe 5
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Beck K, Sandahl T, Ailawadhi S, Khera N, Jensen C. Multiple Myeloma: Current Clinical Landscape and Compounding Costs. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2023; 18:201-215. [PMID: 37477783 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The treatment landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved resulting in MM becoming a chronic condition. The costs of MM therapies are substantial and compound as patients remain on long-term maintenance therapies and progress through multiple lines of high-cost therapies. MM predominantly impacts the elderly population insured by Medicare; here, we analyze how these costs impact patients and the Medicare trust fund. RECENT FINDINGS With the recent passing of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), we postulate how costs may be impacted and debate future policy initiatives that may result in sustainability. The IRA will impact drug pricing and likely reduce the costs of some treatments used in MM; there is still a lot of room for policy reform to reduce financial toxicity to patients and prevent depletion of the Medicare trust fund.
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Schiller GJ, Lipe BC, Bahlis NJ, Tuchman SA, Bensinger WI, Sutherland HJ, Lentzsch S, Baljevic M, White D, Kotb R, Chen CI, Rossi A, Biran N, LeBlanc R, Grosicki S, Martelli M, Gunsilius E, Špička I, Stevens DA, Facon T, Mesa MG, Zhang C, Van Domelen DR, Bentur OS, Gasparetto C. Selinexor-Based Triplet Regimens in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Previously Treated With Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:e286-e296.e4. [PMID: 37393120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (αCD38 mAbs) for newly diagnosed or early relapsed multiple myeloma (MM), especially in non-transplant eligible patients, may lead to more patients developing αCD38 mAb-refractory disease earlier in the treatment course with fewer treatment options. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the efficacy and safety of selinexor-based triplets (selinexor+dexamethasone [Sd] plus pomalidomide [SPd, n = 23], bortezomib [SVd, n = 16] or carfilzomib (SKd, n = 23]) in a subset of STOMP (NCT02343042) and BOSTON (NCT03110562) study patients treated previously with αCD38 mAbs. RESULTS Sixty-two patients (median 4 prior therapies, range 1 to 11, 90.3% refractory to αCD38 mAb) were included. Overall response rates (ORR) in the SPd, SVd and SKd cohorts were 52.2%, 56.3%, and 65.2%, respectively. Overall response rate was 47.4% among patients who had MM refractory to the third drug reintroduced in the Sd-based triplet. Median progression-free survival in the SPd, SVd, and SKd cohorts was 8.7, 6.7, and 15.0 months, respectively, and median overall survival was 9.6, 16.9, and 33.0 months, respectively. Median time to discontinuation in the SPd, SVd, and SKd cohorts was 4.4, 5.9, and 10.6 months, respectively. The most common hematological adverse events were thrombocytopenia, anemia, and neutropenia. Nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea were primarily grade 1/2. Adverse events were generally manageable with standard supportive care and dose modifications. CONCLUSION Selinexor-based regimens may offer effective and well-tolerated therapy to patients with relapsed and/or refractory MM who had disease previously exposed or refractory to αCD38 mAb therapy and could help address the unmet clinical need in these high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Schiller
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | - Nizar J Bahlis
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Clinical Research Unit, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Multiple Myeloma and Amyloidosis Service, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Darrell White
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rami Kotb
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Noa Biran
- Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Richard LeBlanc
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastian Grosicki
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maurizio Martelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Hematology Center, Umberto I Polyclinic of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eberhard Gunsilius
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Špička
- First Department of Medicine - Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Thierry Facon
- Department of Hematology (Maladies du sang), Hôpital Huriez, CHU, Lille, France
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Rose CJ, Ohm IK, Giske L, Næss GE, Fretheim A. Effect modification in network meta-analyses for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067966. [PMID: 37643851 PMCID: PMC10465906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review and meta-analyse the evidence for effect modification by refractory status and number of treatment lines in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM); and to assess whether effect modification is likely to invalidate network meta-analyses (NMA) that assume negligible modification. DESIGN Systematic review, meta-analysis and simulation. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched the literature (e.g., OVID Medline) to identify eligible publications in February 2020 and regularly updated the search until January 2022. We also contacted project stakeholders (including industry) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Phase 2 and 3 randomised controlled trials reporting stratified estimates for comparisons with at least one of a prespecified set of treatments relevant for use in Norwegian RRMM patients. OUTCOMES We used meta-analysis to estimate relative HRs (RHRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with respect to refractory status and number of treatment lines. We used the estimated RHRs in simulations to estimate the percentage of NMA results expected to differ significantly in the presence versus absence of effect modification. RESULTS Among the 42 included publications, stratified estimates were published by and extracted from up to 18 (43%) publications and on as many as 8364 patients. Within-study evidence for effect modification is very weak (p>0.05 for 47 of 49 sets of stratified estimates). The largest RHR estimated was 1.32 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.49) for the modifying effect of refractory status on HR for PFS. Simulations suggest that, in the worst case, this would result in only 4.48% (95% CI 4.42% to 4.54%) of NMA estimates differing statistically significantly in the presence versus absence of effect modification. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available evidence, effect modification appears to be sufficiently small that it can be neglected in adequately performed NMAs. NMAs can probably be relied on to provide estimates of HRs for OS and PFS in RRMM, subject to caveats discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher James Rose
- Reviews and Health Technology Assessments, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kristine Ohm
- Reviews and Health Technology Assessments, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Giske
- Reviews and Health Technology Assessments, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn Eva Næss
- Reviews and Health Technology Assessments, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Fretheim
- Center for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Midha S, Hartley-Brown MA, Mo CC, Hossain S, Nadeem O, O'Donnell EK, Bianchi G, Sperling AS, Laubach JP, Richardson PG. A safety review of recently approved and emerging drugs for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:1049-1071. [PMID: 37906232 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2274420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple new drugs have been approved over the past 5 years for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), and these are being increasingly widely used. Clinicians need to familiarize themselves with common toxicities associated with these drugs and with novel toxicities requiring specific management and supportive care. AREAS COVERED We review common toxicities associated with agents approved for RRMM in the past 5 years, including the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody isatuximab, the antibody-drug conjugate belantamab mafodotin, the bispecific antibody teclistamab, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell products idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel, the selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound selinexor, and the drug-peptide conjugate melflufen, as well as toxicities associated with emerging agents for RRMM including additional bispecific antibodies, the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, and the cereblon E3 ligase modulators iberdomide and mezigdomide. We searched the published literature using PubMed, plus congress abstracts, for the above list of drug names or classes and 'myeloma.' EXPERT OPINION Optimal management of toxicities associated with these recently approved and emerging therapies will be critical in maximizing clinical benefit and aiding widespread adoption in routine clinical practice. We summarize current recommendations and guidelines and provide expert insights into supportive care requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonali Midha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monique A Hartley-Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifton C Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahrier Hossain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar Nadeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth K O'Donnell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Sperling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob P Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Morè S, Offidani M, Corvatta L, Petrucci MT, Fazio F. Belantamab Mafodotin: From Clinical Trials Data to Real-Life Experiences. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112948. [PMID: 37296910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent approval of novel immunotherapies, such as immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains incurable, and the acquisition of triple-refractoriness leads to really dismal outcomes in even earlier lines of therapy. More recently, innovative therapeutic strategies targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), highly expressed on the plasma cell surface, are drawing different future landscapes in terms of effectiveness and outcomes. Belantamab Mafodotin, a first-in-class anti-BCMA antibody-drug conjugate, demonstrated good efficacy and safety profile in triple-refractory patients in the phase 2 DREAMM-2 trial, and it was approved for the treatment of MM triple-exposed patients with >4 prior lines of therapy. Here, starting from Belantamab Mafodotin clinical trials and also exploring combination studies and different schedules in order to improve its efficacy and toxicity, we focused on real-life experiences all over the world, which have confirmed clinical trial data and encourage further Belantamab Mafodotin investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Morè
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Offidani
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Corvatta
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina, Ospedale Profili, 60044 Fabriano, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazio
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Becker JT, Auerbach AA, Harris RS. APEX3 - an optimized tool for rapid and unbiased proximity labeling. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168145. [PMID: 37182813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular interactions regulate all aspects of biology. The identification of interacting partners and complexes is important for understanding cellular processes, host-pathogen conflicts, and organismal development. Multiple methods exist to label and enrich interacting proteins in living cells. Notably, the soybean ascorbate peroxidase, APEX2, rapidly biotinylates adjacent biomolecules in the presence of biotin-phenol and hydrogen peroxide. However, during initial experiments with this system, we found that APEX2 exhibits a cytoplasmic-biased localization and is sensitive to the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB). This led us to identify a putative nuclear export signal (NES) at the carboxy-terminus of APEX2 (NESAPEX2), structurally adjacent to the conserved heme binding site. This putative NES is functional as evidenced by cytoplasmic localization and LMB sensitivity of a mCherry-NESAPEX2 chimeric construct. Single amino acid substitutions of multiple hydrophobic residues within NESAPEX2 eliminate cytoplasm-biased localization of both mCherry-NESAPEX2 as well as full-length APEX2. However, all but one of these NES substitutions also compromises peroxide-dependent labeling. This unique separation-of-function mutant, APEX2-L242A, is termed APEX3. Localization and functionality of APEX3 are confirmed by fusion to the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcriptional factor, RELA. APEX3 is therefore an optimized tool for unbiased proximity labeling of cellular proteins and interacting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455.
| | - Ashley A Auerbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229.
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42
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Morè S, Corvatta L, Manieri VM, Olivieri A, Offidani M. Current Main Topics in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2203. [PMID: 37190132 PMCID: PMC10136770 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains a difficult to treat disease mainly due to its biological heterogeneity, of which we are more and more knowledgeable thanks to the development of increasingly sensitive molecular methods that allow us to build better prognostication models. The biological diversity translates into a wide range of clinical outcomes from long-lasting remission in some patients to very early relapse in others. In NDMM transplant eligible (TE) patients, the incorporation of mAb as daratumumab in the induction regimens, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and consolidation/maintenance therapy, has led to a significant improvement of PFS and OS.; however, this outcome remains poor in ultra-high risk MM or in those who did not achieve a minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. Several trials are exploring cytogenetic risk-adapted and MRD-driven therapies in these patients. Similarly, quadruplets-containing daratumumab, particularly when administered as continuous therapies, have improved outcome of patients not eligible for autologous transplant (NTE). Patients who become refractory to conventional therapies have noticeably poor outcomes, making their treatment a difficult challenge in need of novel strategies. In this review, we will focus on the main points regarding risk stratification, treatment and monitoring of MM, highlighting the most recent evidence that could modify the management of this still incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Morè
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Corvatta
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina, Ospedale Profili, 60044 Fabriano, Italy
| | | | - Attilio Olivieri
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Offidani
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Dima D, Ullah F, Mazzoni S, Williams L, Faiman B, Kurkowski A, Chaulagain C, Raza S, Samaras C, Valent J, Khouri J, Anwer F. Management of Relapsed-Refractory Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Advanced Therapies: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Routine Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2160. [PMID: 37046821 PMCID: PMC10093129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults worldwide. Over the past few years, major therapeutic advances have improved progression-free and overall survival, as well as quality of life. Despite this recent progress, MM remains incurable in the vast majority of cases. Patients eventually relapse and become refractory to multiple drug classes, making long-term management challenging. In this review, we will focus on the treatment paradigm of relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) in the era of advanced therapies emphasizing the available novel modalities that have recently been incorporated into routine practice, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, and other promising approaches. We will also discuss major factors that influence the selection of appropriate drug combinations or cellular therapies, such as relapse characteristics, and other disease and patient related parameters. Our goal is to provide insight into the currently available and experimental therapies for RRMM in an effort to guide the therapeutic decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Dima
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fauzia Ullah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sandra Mazzoni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Louis Williams
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Beth Faiman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Austin Kurkowski
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chakra Chaulagain
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Maroone Cancer Center, Weston, FL 33331, USA
| | - Shahzad Raza
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christy Samaras
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jason Valent
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jack Khouri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Kwanten B, Deconick T, Walker C, Wang F, Landesman Y, Daelemans D. E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB8 promotes selinexor-induced proteasomal degradation of XPO1. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114305. [PMID: 36731340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selinexor (KPT-330), a small-molecule inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1, CRM1) with potent anticancer activity, has recently been granted FDA approval for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with a number of additional indications currently under clinical investigation. Since selinexor has often demonstrated synergy when used in combination with other drugs, notably bortezomib and dexamethasone, a more comprehensive approach to uncover new beneficial interactions would be of great value. Moreover, stratifying patients, personalizing therapeutics and improving clinical outcomes requires a better understanding of the genetic vulnerabilities and resistance mechanisms underlying drug response. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function chemogenetic screening to identify drug-gene interactions with selinexor in chronic myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and DLBCL cell lines. We identified the TGFβ-SMAD4 pathway as an important mediator of resistance to selinexor in multiple myeloma cells. Moreover, higher activity of this pathway correlated with prolonged progression-free survival in multiple myeloma patients treated with selinexor, indicating that the TGFβ-SMAD4 pathway is a potential biomarker predictive of therapeutic outcome. In addition, we identified ASB8 (ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 8) as a shared modulator of selinexor sensitivity across all tested cancer types, with both ASB8 knockout and overexpression resulting in selinexor hypersensitivity. Mechanistically, we showed that ASB8 promotes selinexor-induced proteasomal degradation of XPO1. This study provides insight into the genetic factors that influence response to selinexor treatment and could support both the development of predictive biomarkers as well as new drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Kwanten
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Deconick
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Feng Wang
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | | | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Leuven, Belgium.
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Raje N, Mateos MV, Iida S, Reece D. Clinical evidence for immune-based strategies in early-line multiple myeloma: current challenges in decision-making for subsequent therapy. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 36944635 PMCID: PMC10030780 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all patients with multiple myeloma (MM) will eventually develop disease that has relapsed with or become refractory to available treatments and will require additional therapy. However, data are still lacking on how best to sequence regimens in the relapsed/refractory (RR) setting after the failure of early-line lenalidomide, bortezomib, and/or daratumumab, the most commonly used agents in clinical practice today. With the treatment landscape rapidly changing in response to emerging clinical trial data and approvals of several new drugs and additional combinations, it is critically important to focus on patients with RRMM. Variability in patient baseline characteristics, such as the number of prior lines of treatment, refractoriness to prior treatments, prior stem cell transplant, and timing and dosing of prior lenalidomide, makes it difficult to select the best options for patients with RRMM for whom first-line treatments have failed. The aim of this review is to provide both an overview of current therapies and future directions within the RRMM treatment landscape, and a framework for clinicians to choose the most promising next treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Raje
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - María-Victoria Mateos
- University Hospital of Salamanca/IBSAL/Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Donna Reece
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ouchveridze E, Booth C, Mohyuddin GR. Subgroups and precision in myeloma. J Cancer Policy 2023; 35:100407. [PMID: 36696948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evguenia Ouchveridze
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, KS, USA
| | - Christopher Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, USA.
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Bhatt P, Kloock C, Comenzo R. Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Available Therapies and Clinical Scenarios Encountered in Myeloma Relapse. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2322-2347. [PMID: 36826140 PMCID: PMC9954856 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease with the usual disease course requiring induction therapy, autologous stem cell transplantation for eligible patients, and long-term maintenance. Risk stratification tools and cytogenetic alterations help inform individualized therapeutic choices for patients in hopes of achieving long-term remissions with preserved quality of life. Unfortunately, relapses occur at different stages of the course of the disease owing to the biological heterogeneity of the disease. Addressing relapse can be complex and challenging as there are both therapy- and patient-related factors to consider. In this broad scoping review of available therapies in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), we cover the pharmacologic mechanisms underlying active therapies such as immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors (PIs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), traditional chemotherapy, and Venetoclax. We then review the clinical data supporting the use of these therapies, organized based on drug resistance/refractoriness, and the role of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Approaches to special situations during relapse such as renal impairment and extramedullary disease are also covered. Lastly, we look towards the future by briefly reviewing the clinical data supporting the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) therapy, bispecific T cell engagers (BITE), and Cereblon E3 Ligase Modulators (CELMoDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parva Bhatt
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (R.C.); Tel.: +1-617-636-6454
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Fan Y, Wang H, Yu Z, Liang Z, Li Y, You G. Inhibition of proteasome, but not lysosome, upregulates organic anion transporter 3 in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115387. [PMID: 36549459 PMCID: PMC9877193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3), an indispensable basolateral membrane transporter predominantly distributed in the kidney proximal tubules, mediated the systemic clearance of substrates including clinical drugs, nutrients, endogenous and exogenous metabolites, toxins, and critically sustains body homeostasis. Preliminary data in this study showed that classical proteasome inhibitors (e.g., MG132), but not lysosome inhibitors, significantly increased the OAT3 ubiquitination and OAT3-mediated transport of estrone sulfate (ES) in OAT3 stable expressing cells, indicating that proteasome rather than lysosome is involved in the intracellular fate of OAT3. Next, bortezomib and carfilzomib, two FDA-approved and widely applied anticancer agents through selective targeting proteasome, were further used to define the role of inhibiting proteasome in OAT3 regulation and related molecular mechanisms. The results showed that 20S proteasome activity in cell lysates was suppressed with bortezomib and carfilzomib treatment, leading to the increased OAT3 ubiquitination, stimulated transport activity of ES, enhanced OAT3 surface and total expression. The upregulated OAT3 function by proteasome inhibition was attributed to the augment in maximum transport velocity and stability of membrane OAT3. Lastly, in vivo study using Sprague Dawley rats validated that proteasome inhibition using bortezomib induced enhancement of OAT3 ubiquitination and membrane expression in kidney. These data suggest that activity of proteasome but not lysosome could have an impact on the physiological function of OAT3, and proteasome displayed a promising target for OAT3 regulation in vitro and in vivo, and could be used in restoring OAT3 impairment under pathological conditions, avoiding OAT3-associated toxicity and diseases, ensuring drug efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Haoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zhengxuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yufan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Guofeng You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Derman BA, Chari A, Zonder J, Major A, Stefka AT, Jiang K, Karrison T, Jasielec J, Jakubowiak A. A phase I study of selinexor combined with weekly carfilzomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2023; 110:564-570. [PMID: 36726221 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We performed a phase I study of weekly selinexor, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone (wSKd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). The primary objective was to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of wSKd. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Prior exposure/refractoriness to carfilzomib was permitted. Thirty patients were enrolled; 26 (87%) had triple-class exposed disease and 6 (20%) received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Dose level 2 (carfilzomib 70 mg/m2 Intravenous [IV] on Days 1, 8, and 15; selinexor 100 mg PO on Days 1, 8, 15, 22; dexamethasone 40 mg on Days 1, 8, 15, 22 of 28-day cycles) was chosen as the MTD, with no DLTs having occurred. The most common hematologic adverse events (AE) were thrombocytopenia (83%), anemia (70%), lymphopenia (50%), and neutropenia (50%). The most common nonhematologic AE were fatigue (70%), nausea (70%), diarrhea (53%), and anorexia (47%). The ORR was 21/30 (70%) overall and 18/23 (78%) at the MTD. At a median follow-up of 12.3 months, the median PFS was 5.3 months and median OS 23.3 months. Responses were similar in carfilzomib naïve and exposed patients. Long-term efficacy of wSKd is modest; wSKd could be employed as a bridging strategy to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajai Chari
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Zonder
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ajay Major
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ken Jiang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Recent Advances in the Applications of Small Molecules in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032645. [PMID: 36768967 PMCID: PMC9917049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic neoplasm of plasma cells, has undergone remarkable changes over the past 25 years. Small molecules (molecular weight of less than one kDa), together with newer immunotherapies that include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and most recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, have combined to double the disease's five-year survival rate to over 50% during the past few decades. Despite these advances, the disease is still considered incurable, and its treatment continues to pose substantial challenges, since therapeutic refractoriness and patient relapse are exceedingly common. This review focuses on the current pipeline, along with the contemporary roles and future prospects for small molecules in MM therapy. While small molecules offer prospective benefits in terms of oral bioavailability, cellular penetration, simplicity of preparation, and improved cost-benefit considerations, they also pose problems of toxicity due to off-target effects. Highlighted in the discussion are recent developments in the applications of alkylating agents, immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, kinesin spindle protein inhibitors, blockers of nuclear transport, and drugs that affect various kinases involved in intracellular signaling pathways. Molecular and cellular targets are described for each class of agents in relation to their roles as drivers of MM.
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