1
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Wood MK, Daoud A, Talor MV, Kalinoski HM, Hughes DM, Jaime CM, Hooper JE, Won T, Čiháková D. Programmed Death Ligand 1-Expressing Macrophages and Their Protective Role in the Joint During Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:553-565. [PMID: 37997621 DOI: 10.1002/art.42749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arthritis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies highlights the importance of immune checkpoint expression for joint homeostasis. We investigated the role of programmed death ligand (PD-L) 1 in the synovium using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. METHODS We blocked PD-L1 using blocking antibodies during CIA and assessed the arthritis severity by clinical and histologic scoring. PD-L1 expression and the origin of synovial macrophages were investigated using flow cytometry and parabiosis. We used Cre-Lox mice to ascertain the protective role of PD-L1-expressing macrophages in arthritis. The immune profile of human and murine synovial PD-L1+ macrophages was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS Anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment during CIA worsened arthritis with increased immune cell infiltration compared with isotype control, supporting the regulatory role of PD-L1 in the joint. The main cells expressing PD-L1 in the synovium were macrophages. Using parabiosis, we showed that synovial PD-L1+ macrophages were both locally proliferating and partially replaced by the circulation. PD-L1+ macrophages had increased levels of MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) and interleukin (IL)-10 expression during acute CIA. Genetic depletion of PD-L1 on macrophages in LyzcrePD-L1fl/fl mice resulted in worsened CIA compared with controls. We found that human PD-L1+ macrophages in the synovium of healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis express MerTK and IL-10. CONCLUSION PD-L1+ macrophages with efferocytotic and anti-inflammatory characteristics protect the synovium from severe arthritis in the CIA mouse model. Tissue-protective, PD-L1-expressing macrophages are also present in the human synovium at homeostasis and during rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kay Wood
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Abdel Daoud
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - David Matthew Hughes
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Camille Marie Jaime
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jody Elizabeth Hooper
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Taejoon Won
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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2
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Shekh MR, Ahmed N, Kumar V. A Review of the Occurrence of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Potential Treatments through Medicinal Plants from an Indian Perspective. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:241-269. [PMID: 38018201 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971268416231116184056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis is a medical condition that affects the joints and causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness. There are different types of arthritis, and it can affect people of all ages, even infants and the elderly. Recent studies have found that individuals with diabetes, heart disease, and obesity are more likely to experience arthritis symptoms. According to the World Health Organization, over 21% of people worldwide suffer from musculoskeletal problems. Roughly 42.19 million individuals in India, constituting around 0.31% of the populace, have been documented as having Rheumatic Arthritis (RA). Compared to other common diseases like diabetes, cancer, and AIDS, arthritis is more prevalent in the general population. Unfortunately, there is no specific cure for arthritis, and treatment plans usually involve non-pharmacological methods, surgeries, and medications that target specific symptoms. Plant-based remedies have also been shown to be effective in managing inflammation and related complications. In addition to therapies, maintaining a healthy diet, exercise, and weight management are essential for managing arthritis. This review discusses the causes, prevalence, diagnostic methods, current and prospective future treatments, and potential medicinal plants that may act as anti-inflammatory or anti-rheumatic agents. However, more research is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms and active molecules that could improve arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raeesh Shekh
- National Innovation Foundation (NIF), India, Grambharti, Amrapur, Gandhinagar, Mahudi Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Nasir Ahmed
- Forensic Anthropology-1, Department of Forensic Medicine, YMC, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- National Innovation Foundation (NIF), India, Grambharti, Amrapur, Gandhinagar, Mahudi Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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3
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Liu Y, Bao D, Meng M, Lu L, Zhu H. The proportion of C1q-high and ISG15-high monocytes in the skin of patients with Behçet disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1110741. [PMID: 36959847 PMCID: PMC10028182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic systemic vasculitis that is clinically characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Here, we conducted bulk RNA-seq of skin samples from 4 BD patients and 4 normal controls (NCs). A total of 260 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 99 upregulated and 161 downregulated genes, were detected in the skin lesions of BD patients compared to NCs. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the following biological processes: the activation and migration of immune cells, the release of proinflammatory factors, and the IFN-γ signaling pathway. The top upregulated DEGs were CXCL10, CXCL9, FCGR3A, GBP5, GBP4, LILRB2, ADIPOQ, PLIN1, SLC43A2, and MYO1G. Using the deconvolution method CIBERSORT, we analyzed the immune cells subtypes in the skin of BD by integrating the single cell RNA-seq data from PBMC (GSE198616) and bulk RNA-seq data of skin. There was a higher proportion of C1q+ and ISG15 + monocyte subtypes in skin of BD. IHC staining of CD14 and CD16 showed that the monocyte number increased in the skin of BD. IF staining confirmed there was a higher proportion of the C1Q + Mono and ISG15 + Mono subsets in the skin of BD patients. Moreover, we analyzed the average expression level of the top upregulated genes in immune cell types found in PBMC from BD patients and NCs. Almost all the top upregulated genes expressed in monocytes. CXCL10 was specifically expressed in ISG15 + monocyte, and GBP5, GBP4 and IFI44L were expressed more strongly in ISG15 + monocytes. LILRB2 was expressed more strongly in CD16+ monocytes and C1Q + monocytes. In conclusion, our study identified that the IFN-γ pathway was activated in skin of BD and the proportion of C1q+ and ISG15 + monocyte subtype increased in the skin of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtengyu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ding Bao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Honglin Zhu,
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4
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Wu S, Li XF, Wu YY, Yin SQ, Huang C, Li J. N6 -Methyladenosine and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731842. [PMID: 34630412 PMCID: PMC8498590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one of the most common autoimmune diseases, is characterized by immune cell infiltration, fibroblast-like synovial cell hyperproliferation, and cartilage and bone destruction. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated that immune cells are one of the key targets for the treatment of RA. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification to eukaryotic mRNA, which is involved in the splicing, stability, export, and degradation of RNA metabolism. m6A methylated-related genes are divided into writers, erasers, and readers, and they are critical for the regulation of cell life. They play a significant role in various biological processes, such as virus replication and cell differentiation by controlling gene expression. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have indicated that m6A is associated with the occurrence of numerous diseases, such as lung cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the history of m6A research and recent progress on RA research concerning m6A enzymes. The relationship between m6A enzymes, immune cells, and RA suggests that m6A modification offers evidence for the pathogenesis of RA, which will help in the development of new therapies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Su-Qin Yin
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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5
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Zhang X, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Lv Z, Zhang Z, Ren H, Wang Q, Liu M, Qian M, Du B, Qin J. Inflammatory macrophages exacerbate neutrophil-driven joint damage through ADP/P2Y 1 signaling in rheumatoid arthritis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:953-968. [PMID: 34480694 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints and is associated with excessive immune cell infiltration. However, the complex interactions between the immune cell populations in the RA synovium remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that inflammatory macrophages in the synovium exacerbate neutrophil-driven joint damage in RA through ADP/P2Y1 signaling. We show that extracellular ADP (eADP) and its receptors are obviously increased in synovial tissues of RA patients as well as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and eADP enhances neutrophil infiltration into joints through macrophages producing the chemokine CXCL2, aggravating disease development. Accordingly, the arthritis mouse model had more neutrophils in inflamed joints following ADP injection, whereas P2Y1 deficiency and pharmacologic inhibition restored arthritis severity to basal levels, suggesting a dominant role of ADP/P2Y1 signaling in RA pathology. Moreover, cellular activity of ADP/P2Y1-mediated CXCL2 production was dependent on the Gαq/Ca2+-NF-κB/NFAT pathway in macrophages. Overall, this study reveals a non-redundant role of eADP as a trigger in the pathogenesis of RA through neutrophil recruitment and disrupted tissue homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zeda Zhao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhangsheng Lv
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Min Qian
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Du
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Juliang Qin
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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6
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Shi YQ, Qi WF, Kong CY. Drug screening and identification of key candidate genes and pathways of rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:986-996. [PMID: 32468016 PMCID: PMC7339653 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which normally manifests as a multi-joint inflammatory reaction, is a common immunological disease in clinical practice. However, the pathogenesis of RA has not yet been fully elucidated. Rituximab (RTX) is an effective drug in the treatment of RA, however its therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action require further investigation. Thus, the present study aimed to screen the candidate key regulatory genes and explain the potential mechanisms of RA. Gene chips of RA and normal joint tissues were analyzed and, gene chips of RTX before and after treatment were investigated. In the present study, strong evidence supporting the pathogenesis of RA and mechanism of action of RTX were also revealed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the limma package of RStudio software. A total of 1,150 DEGs were detected in RA compared with normal joint tissues. The upregulated genes were enriched in ‘interleukin-12 production’, ‘I-κB kinase/NF-κB signaling’, ‘regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response’ and ‘cytokine metabolic process’. Functional enrichment analysis showed that RTX was primarily involved in the inhibition of ‘adaptive immune response’, ‘B cell activation involved in immune response’ and ‘immune effector process’. Subsequently, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1), a hub gene with high connectivity degree, was selected, and traditional Chinese medicine libraries were molecularly screened according to the structure of the LILRB1 protein. The results indicated that kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside exhibited the highest docking score. In the present study, the DEGs and their biological functions in RA and the pharmacological mechanism of RTX action were determined. Taken together, the results suggested that LILRB1 may be used as a molecular target for RA treatment, and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside may inhibit the pathological process of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Quan Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Fang Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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7
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Synovial Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Past, Present, and Future. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1583647. [PMID: 32351318 PMCID: PMC7174945 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1583647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ontogeny of macrophages in most organs has already been established. Owing to the limited number and inaccessibility of synovial macrophages (SMs), the origin of SMs has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies suggested that SMs have two major origins, namely, tissue-resident and monocyte-derived SMs. However, no systematic analysis to identify SM ontology in either physiological or pathological conditions has been available to date. In this review, we summarize relevant studies on the two main origins of SMs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and forecast the future research directions for this field. Furthermore, we discuss the current state of RA therapy that is based on targeting different SM subsets.
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8
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Li P, Yang X, Yang Y, He H, Chou CK, Chen F, Pan H, Liu L, Cai L, Ma Y, Chen X. Synergistic effect of all-trans-retinal and triptolide encapsulated in an inflammation-targeted nanoparticle on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. J Control Release 2019; 319:87-103. [PMID: 31862360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of nano-encapsulated anti-inflammatory agent represents a promising while challenging strategy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Pro-inflammatory macrophages play a major role in the pathogenesis of RA. In this study, we investigated the effect of a macrophage-targeted pH-sensitive nanoparticle on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. To target macrophage, all-trans-retinal was conjugated into dextran backbone through pH-sensitive hydrazone bond, then grafted with galactose (GDR). This nanoparticle was used for the encapsulation of triptolide (TPT), a potent anti-inflammatory compound isolated from Chinese herb. As expected, GDR nanoparticles preferentially accumulated in the inflammatory tissues. Treatment with GDR-TPT nanoparticles resulted in a marked decrease in the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages and reduction of the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the inflamed lesions of CIA mice. Furthermore, Th1 and Th17 responses were also inhibited. Importantly, anti-arthritic effect of TPT was markedly enhanced while its toxic effect was attenuated by encapsulating with GDR. GDR by itself also had moderate effect in the inhibition of arthritis, due to its intrinsic anti-inflammatory property. Therefore, our results clearly show that GDR-TPT nanoparticle may represent a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Huamei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chon-Kit Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Fengyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Yifan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Key Lab of Health Informatics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macau 999078, PR China.
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Risk Factors and Changes of Peripheral NK and T Cells in Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Can Respir J 2019; 2019:7262065. [PMID: 31885749 PMCID: PMC6914899 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7262065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The absolute and relative changes of peripheral NK and T subsets are unclear in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (RA-ILD). To investigate the clinical risk factors, especially the changes of lymphocyte subsets, in RA-ILD in order to make early diagnosis and achieve prevention of the pulmonary interstitial lesions. Methods A total of 100 RA and 100 RA-ILD patients were enrolled. Rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrulline peptide antibody, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, immunoglobulin, and C-reactive protein were examined. The percentage and absolute number of NK, T, B, Treg, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Results RA-ILD is more common in older and male RA patients and/or those with higher autoantibody titers. Flow cytometry showed that the absolute and relative numbers of CD56+ NK cells were significantly higher in RA-ILD (280.40 ± 180.51 cells/μl vs. 207.66 ± 148.57 cells/μl; 16.62 ± 8.56% vs. 12.11 ± 6.47%), whereas the proportion of T cells and CD4+ T cells was lower in peripheral blood of RA-ILD patients (69.82 ± 9.30%; 39.44 ± 9.87 cells/μl) than that in RA patients (74.45 ± 8.72%; 43.29 ± 9.10 cells/μl). Conclusions The occurrence of RA-ILD is closely related to the older male patients with high titer of various self-antibodies. Imbalance of CD3−CD56+ NK cells and T cells with other subsets were found in RA-ILD patients, which, together with older age, male, and high levels of autoantibodies should be considered as risk factors of pulmonary interstitial lesions.
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10
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Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Krönke G. Origin and function of synovial macrophage subsets during inflammatory joint disease. Adv Immunol 2019; 143:75-98. [PMID: 31607368 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes and macrophages, are a central component of the host's innate immune system designated to protect against invading pathogens. However, these cells do not only interact with various parts of the innate and adaptive immune system, but also fulfill indispensable duties during the control of tissue homeostasis and organ function. Moreover, macrophages are crucially involved in tissue remodeling and repair in response to damage. Simultaneously, mononuclear phagocytes might also contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In particular, their potential role in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has drawn increasing attention and substantially shaped our general understanding of the role of monocytes and macrophages during health and disease. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the origin and function of mononuclear phagocytes within the joint and addresses their involvement in joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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11
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Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Siouti E, Andreakos E. The many facets of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:152-169. [PMID: 30910693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They constitute the main source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF and IL-1β, they activate a wide range of immune and non-immune cells, and they secrete diverse tissue degrading enzymes driving chronic pro-inflammatory, tissue destructive and pain responses in RA. However, they can also produce anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, secrete inhibitors of tissue degrading enzymes and promote immunoregulatory and protective responses, suggesting the existence of macrophages with distinct and diverse functional activities. Although the underlying basis of this phenomenon has remained obscure for years, emerging evidence has now provided insight into the mechanisms and molecular processes involved. Here, we review current knowledge on the biology of macrophages in RA, and highlight recent literature on the heterogeneity, origins and ontogeny of macrophages as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. We also discuss their plasticity in the context of the M1/M2 paradigm, and the emerging theme of metabolic rewiring as a major mechanism for programming macrophage functions and pro-inflammatory activities. This sheds light into the many facets of macrophages in RA, their molecular regulation and their translational potential for developing novel protective and therapeutic strategies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Siouti
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
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13
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Chia WT, Tseng FJ, Lin GJ, Chen YW, Lee HS, Sytwu HK. Knee joint injection resveratrol amelioration inflammation in collagen antibody induced arthritis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Proposing novel TNFα direct inhibitor Scaffolds using fragment-docking based e-pharmacophore modeling and binary QSAR-based virtual screening protocols pipeline. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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16
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Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Direct the Immunological Fate of Macrophages. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 62:61-72. [PMID: 28455706 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells with a broad well-described immunosuppressive potential. They are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune response. Particularly, MSC are able to regulate the phenotype and function of macrophages that are critical for different biological processes including wound healing, inflammation, pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, and tumor growth. These multifunctional roles of macrophages are due to their high plasticity, which enable them to adopt different phenotypes such as a pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. MSC promote macrophage differentiation toward an M2-like phenotype with a high tissue remodeling potential and anti-inflammatory activity but also a pro-tumorigenic function. MSC regulatory effect on macrophages is mediated through the secretion of different immunomodulatory molecules such as PGE2, IL1RA, and IL-6. Moreover, the presence of macrophages in damaged tissue and inflammation is essential for MSC to exert their therapeutic function. In this chapter, we discuss how the interplay between macrophages and MSC mutually modulates their phenotypes and functions, orchestrates tissue repair, and controls inflammation during autoimmunity and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm U1183, IRMB, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Service d'Immuno-Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Inserm U1183, IRMB, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. .,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France.
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17
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Th17 in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070073. [PMID: 28753982 PMCID: PMC5532581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-secreting helper CD4 T cells (Th17 cells) constitute a newly identified subset of helper CD4 T cells that play a key role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in its animal models. Recently, several models of spontaneous RA, which elucidate the mechanism of RA onset, have been discovered. These animal models shed new light on the role of Th17 in the development of autoimmune arthritis. Th17 cells coordinate inflammation and promote joint destruction, acting on various cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and osteoclasts. Regulatory T cells cannot control Th17 cells under conditions of inflammation. In this review, the pathogenic role of Th17 cells in arthritis development, which was revealed by the recent animal models of RA, is discussed.
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18
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19
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Boi-ogi-to (TJ-20), a Kampo Formula, Suppresses the Inflammatory Bone Destruction and the Expression of Cytokines in the Synovia of Ankle Joints of Adjuvant Arthritic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3679295. [PMID: 28555160 PMCID: PMC5438844 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3679295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TJ-20 is a formula consisting of 6 herbs that has been used in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China and Japan for centuries. However, scientific evidence of the effects of TJ-20 has not been established. In the present study, we focused on the therapeutic effects and investigated the main function of TJ-20 on adjuvant arthritis (AA), an animal model of RA, which was induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). TJ-20 was administered orally at 600 mg/kg once a day from 0, 7, and 10 days to 8 weeks after the CFA treatment. TJ-20 significantly ameliorated inflammatory progression and bone destruction in AA in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, TJ-20 significantly reduced the increased changes in a number of macrophages and helper T cells. Moreover, TJ-20 suppressed the expression of TNF-α whereas it augmented the expression of IL-10 and attenuated Th1 cells responses in the synovia of the ankle joint. Therefore, TJ-20 regulated the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and Th1/Th2 balance in the synovia of ankle joints in AA rats. These results suggest the positive anti-inflammatory effect of TJ-20 and provide a scientific basis for the clinical use of TJ-20 for RA.
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20
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Ma C, Lv Q, Teng S, Yu Y, Niu K, Yi C. Identifying key genes in rheumatoid arthritis by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 20:971-979. [PMID: 28440025 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related genes based on microarray data using the WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) method. METHODS Two gene expression profile datasets GSE55235 (10 RA samples and 10 healthy controls) and GSE77298 (16 RA samples and seven healthy controls) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Characteristic genes were identified using metaDE package. WGCNA was used to find disease-related networks based on gene expression correlation coefficients, and module significance was defined as the average gene significance of all genes used to assess the correlation between the module and RA status. Genes in the disease-related gene co-expression network were subject to functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Characteristic genes were also mapped to the Connectivity Map to screen small molecules. RESULTS A total of 599 characteristic genes were identified. For each dataset, characteristic genes in the green, red and turquoise modules were most closely associated with RA, with gene numbers of 54, 43 and 79, respectively. These genes were enriched in totally enriched in 17 Gene Ontology terms, mainly related to immune response (CD97, FYB, CXCL1, IKBKE, CCR1, etc.), inflammatory response (CD97, CXCL1, C3AR1, CCR1, LYZ, etc.) and homeostasis (C3AR1, CCR1, PLN, CCL19, PPT1, etc.). Two small-molecule drugs sanguinarine and papaverine were predicted to have a therapeutic effect against RA. CONCLUSION Genes related to immune response, inflammatory response and homeostasis presumably have critical roles in RA pathogenesis. Sanguinarine and papaverine have a potential therapeutic effect against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Radiology, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songsong Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinxian Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kerun Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengqin Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Michopoulos F, Karagianni N, Whalley NM, Firth MA, Nikolaou C, Wilson ID, Critchlow SE, Kollias G, Theodoridis GA. Targeted Metabolic Profiling of the Tg197 Mouse Model Reveals Itaconic Acid as a Marker of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4579-4590. [PMID: 27704840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive, highly debilitating disease where early diagnosis, enabling rapid clinical intervention, would provide obvious benefits to patients, healthcare systems, and society. Novel biomarkers that enable noninvasive early diagnosis of the onset and progression of the disease provide one route to achieving this goal. Here a metabolic profiling method has been applied to investigate disease development in the Tg197 arthritis mouse model. Hind limb extract profiling demonstrated clear differences in metabolic phenotypes between control (wild type) and Tg197 transgenic mice and highlighted raised concentrations of itaconic acid as a potential marker of the disease. These changes in itaconic acid concentrations were moderated or indeed reversed when the Tg197 mice were treated with the anti-hTNF biologic infliximab (10 mg/kg twice weekly for 6 weeks). Further in vitro studies on synovial fibroblasts obtained from healthy wild-type, arthritic Tg197, and infliximab-treated Tg197 transgenic mice confirmed the association of itaconic acid with rheumatoid arthritis and disease-moderating drug effects. Preliminary indications of the potential value of itaconic acid as a translational biomarker were obtained when studies on K4IM human fibroblasts treated with hTNF showed an increase in the concentrations of this metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Michopoulos
- Bioscience, Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | | | - Nichola M Whalley
- Bioscience, Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Mike A Firth
- Discovery Science, iMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Biomedical Siences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Street, Vari 16672, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete , Heraklion 741 00, Greece
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Critchlow
- Bioscience, Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Siences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Street, Vari 16672, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Georgios A Theodoridis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Dampening Arthritis Progression. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3162743. [PMID: 27847522 PMCID: PMC5101398 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3162743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to immunomodulate cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune systems promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. During the last decade, MSCs have been intensively studied in vitro and in vivo in experimental animal model of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Based on these studies, MSCs are currently widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) characterized by complex deregulation of the immune systems. However, the therapeutic properties of MSCs in arthritis are still controverted. These controversies might be due to the diversity of MSC sources and isolation protocols used, the time, the route and dose of MSC administration, the variety of the mechanisms involved in the MSCs suppressive effects, and the complexity of arthritis pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of the interactions between MSCs and the different immune cells associated with arthritis pathogenesis and the possible means described in the literature that could enhance MSCs therapeutic potential counteracting arthritis development and progression.
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23
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24
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Malaviya AN. Discoveries of conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs – Serendipity or flawless reasoning? INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Nguyen NT, Nakahama T, Nguyen CH, Tran TT, Le VS, Chu HH, Kishimoto T. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism and its role in rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Pharmacol 2015; 7:29-35. [PMID: 27186143 PMCID: PMC4863532 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s63549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease, affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide, its pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Tobacco smoke, an environmental risk factor for RA, contains several ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), also known as dioxin receptor. Ahr plays critical roles in the immune system. We previously demonstrated that Ahr in helper T-cells contributes to development of collagen-induced arthritis, a mouse model of RA. Other studies have shown that cigarette smoke condensate and pure Ahr ligands exacerbate RA by altering bone metabolism and inducing proinflammatory responses in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Consistent with these findings, several Ahr antagonists such as α-naphthoflavone, resveratrol, and GNF351 reverse the effect of Ahr ligands in RA pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of Ahr function in the immune system and the potential clinical benefits of Ahr antagonism in treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Trung Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Taisuke Nakahama
- Laboratory of RNA Function, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chi Hung Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thu Tran
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Son Le
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Ha Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Gene Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tadamitsu Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Kim DH, Lee DH, Jo MR, Son DJ, Park MH, Hwang CJ, Park JH, Yuk DY, Yoon DY, Jung YS, Kim Y, Jeong JH, Han SB, Hong JT. Exacerbation of Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Peroxiredoxin 6. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Kim
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Jo
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ho Park
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Yuk
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Youngsoo Kim
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwang Jeong
- Chungbuk Provincial College; Okcheon Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Republic of Korea
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27
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Duru N, Altinkaynak H, Erten Ş, Can ME, Duru Z, Uğurlu FG, Çağıl N. Thinning of Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Unrelated to Disease Activity. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2015; 24:246-53. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1024329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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De Trez C, Katsandegwaza B, Caljon G, Magez S. Experimental African Trypanosome Infection by Needle Passage or Natural Tsetse Fly Challenge Thwarts the Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in DBA/1 Prone Mice via an Impairment of Antigen Specific B Cell Autoantibody Titers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130431. [PMID: 26110416 PMCID: PMC4482398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis is a B cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Recently published studies have demonstrated that in some rare cases pathogens can confer protection from autoimmunity. Trypanosoma brucei parasites are tsetse fly transmitted extracellular protozoans causing sleeping sickness disease in humans and Nagana in livestock in sub-Saharan endemic areas. In the past, we demonstrated that trypanosome infections impair B cell homeostasis and abolish vaccine-induced protection against unrelated antigens. Hence, here we hypothesized that trypanosome infection can affect the onset of CIA by specifically dampening specific B-cell responses and type II collagen antibody titers in DBA/1 prone mice. We observed a substantial delay in the onset of collagen-induced arthritis in T. brucei-infected DBA/1 mice that correlates with a drastic decrease of type II collagen titers of the different IgG isotypes in the serum. Treatment of infected mice with Berenil, a trypanocidal drug, restored the development of CIA-associated clinical symptoms. Interestingly, these data were confirmed by the challenge of immunized DBA/1 prone mice with T. brucei-infected tsetse flies. Together, these results demonstrate that T. brucei infection is impairing the maintenance of the antigen specific plasma B cell pool driving the development of CIA in DBA/1 prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl De Trez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB Department of Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Brunette Katsandegwaza
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB Department of Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Unit of Veterinary Protozoology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB Department of Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Herb Network Analysis for a Famous TCM Doctor's Prescriptions on Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:451319. [PMID: 25983850 PMCID: PMC4423032 DOI: 10.1155/2015/451319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) doctors always prescribe various herbal formulae tailored to individual patients. However, there is still a lack of appropriate methods to study the rule and potential biological basis underlying the numerous prescriptions. Here we developed an Herb-Compound-Target-Disease coherent network approach to analyze 871 herbal prescriptions from a TCM master, Mr. Ji-Ren Li, in his clinical practice on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The core herb networks were extracted from Mr. Li's prescriptions. Then, we predicted target profiles of compounds in core herb networks and calculated potential synergistic activities among them. We further found that the target sets of core herbs overlapped significantly with the RA related biological processes and pathways. Moreover, we detected a possible connection between the prescribed herbs with different properties such as Cold and Hot and the Western drugs with different actions such as immunomodulatory and hormone regulation on treatment of RA. In summary, we explored a new application of TCM network pharmacology on the analysis of TCM prescriptions and detected the networked core herbs, their potential synergistic and biological activities, and possible connections with drugs. This work offers a novel way to understand TCM prescriptions in clinical practice.
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30
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Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis: How informative are they? Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:278-86. [PMID: 25824900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of arthritis are widely used to de-convolute disease pathways and to identify novel drug targets and therapeutic approaches. However, the high attrition rates of drugs in Phase II/III rates means that a relatively small number of drugs reach the market, despite showing efficacy in pre-clinical models. There is also increasing awareness of the ethical issues surrounding the use of animal models of disease and it is timely, therefore, to review the relevance and translatability of animal models of arthritis. In this paper we review the most commonly used animal models in terms of their pathological similarities to human rheumatoid arthritis as well as their response to drug therapy. In general, the ability of animal models to predict efficacy of biologics in man has been good. However, the predictive power of animal models for small molecules has been variable, probably because of differences in the levels of target knockdown achievable in vivo.
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31
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Ji J, Dou H, Li X, Song Y, Li X, Li E, Tan R, Hou Y. Novel benzenediamine derivative FC99 ameliorates zymosan-induced arthritis by inhibiting RORγt expression and Th17 cell differentiation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:829-36. [PMID: 25187413 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells have been observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The retinoic-acid-related orphan nuclear receptor (RORγt) is the master regulator of Th17 cells. Our previous research showed that FC99 possesses anti-inflammation activity. However, to date the effects of FC99 on RORγt expression in Th17 cell differentiation have not been investigated yet. In the present study, we found that FC99 significantly attenuated arthritis-like symptoms, i.e., suppressing the development of paw edema in zymosan-induced arthritis (ZIA) mice. H&E staining showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in ankle synovial tissues was significantly suppressed. FC99 also reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ankle synovial tissues as shown by Q-PCR analysis. The protein levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in sera were also suppressed after FC99 treatment. Moreover, FC99 decreased the RORγt mRNA level in spleen tissues. Th17 cell percentage was significantly decreased in spleens and draining lymph nodes (dLNs). The mRNA and protein levels of IL-17A and IL-23 were reduced after FC99 treatment in ZIA mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that FC99 inhibited the expression of IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and BMDCs. Moreover, FC99 significantly inhibited the RORγt expression in PMA-induced CD4(+) T cells and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These data indicate that FC99 improves arthritis-like pathological symptoms in vivo and in vitro, which might be related to the inhibition of RORγt expression in Th17 cells. Our findings suggest that FC99 may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of RA and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuxian Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Erguang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
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Hsu YH, Chang MS. The Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Interleukin-20 Monoclonal Antibody. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:631-9. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-20, a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, was discovered in 2001. IL-20 acts on multiple cell types by activating on a heterodimer receptor complex of either IL-20R1–IL-20R2 or IL-22R1–IL-20R2. Recent evidence indicates that IL-20's interaction with its receptors might have proinflammatory effects on chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, and breast cancer. Updated information about IL-20, such as its identification, expression, receptors, signaling, and biological activities, is illustrated in this review based on our research and the data available in the literature. IL-20 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, and chemotaxis. IL-20 also regulates osteoclast differentiation by altering the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL) axis. Inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis are critical for the pathogenesis of RA, osteoporosis, and breast cancer-induced osteolysis. Based on the in vitro and in vivo data and clinical samples, we demonstrated that IL-20 plays pivotal roles in these three diseases. In experimental models, anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody ameliorates arthritis severity, protects against ovariectomized-induced bone loss, and inhibits breast tumor-induced osteolysis. This review presents the clinical implications of IL-20, which will lead to a better understanding of the biological functions of IL-20 in these diseases and provide new therapeutic options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shi Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Nguyen NT, Nakahama T, Kishimoto T. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and experimental autoimmune arthritis. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:637-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dong J, Chang HD, Ivascu C, Qian Y, Rezai S, Okhrimenko A, Cosmi L, Maggi L, Eckhardt F, Wu P, Sieper J, Alexander T, Annunziato F, Gossen M, Li J, Radbruch A, Thiel A. Loss of methylation at the IFNG promoter and CNS-1 is associated with the development of functional IFN-γ memory in human CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:793-804. [PMID: 23255246 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine memory for IFN-γ production by effector/memory Th1 cells plays a key role in both protective and pathological immune responses. To understand the epigenetic mechanism determining the ontogeny of effector/memory Th1 cells characterized by stable effector functions, we identified a T-cell-specific methylation pattern at the IFNG promoter and CNS-1 in ex vivo effector/memory Th1 cells, and investigated methylation dynamics of these regions during the development of effector/memory Th1 cells. During Th1 differentiation, demethylation occurred at both the promoter and CNS-1 regions of IFNG as early as 16 h, and this process was independent of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. Using an IFN-γ capture assay, we found early IFN-γ-producing cells from 2-day differentiating cultures acquired "permissive" levels of demethylation and developed into effector/memory Th1 cells undergoing progressive demethylation at the IFNG promoter and CNS-1 when induced by IL-12. Methylation levels of these regions in effector/memory Th1 cells of peripheral blood from rheumatoid arthritis patients correlated inversely with reduced frequencies of IFN-γ-producers, coincident with recruitment of effector/memory Th1 cells to the site of inflammation. Thus, after termination of TCR stimulation, IL-12 signaling potentiates the stable functional IFN-γ memory in effector/memory Th1 cells characterized by hypomethylation at the IFNG promoter and CNS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
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You S, Cho CS, Lee I, Hood L, Hwang D, Kim WU. A systems approach to rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51508. [PMID: 23240033 PMCID: PMC3519858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily attacks synovial joints. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of RA, novel molecular targets are still needed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the therapeutic outcomes. Here, we present a systems approach that can effectively 1) identify core RA-associated genes (RAGs), 2) reconstruct RA-perturbed networks, and 3) select potential targets for diagnosis and treatments of RA. By integrating multiple gene expression datasets previously reported, we first identified 983 core RAGs that show RA dominant differential expression, compared to osteoarthritis (OA), in the multiple datasets. Using the core RAGs, we then reconstructed RA-perturbed networks that delineate key RA associated cellular processes and transcriptional regulation. The networks revealed that synovial fibroblasts play major roles in defining RA-perturbed processes, anti-TNF-α therapy restored many RA-perturbed processes, and 19 transcription factors (TFs) have major contribution to deregulation of the core RAGs in the RA-perturbed networks. Finally, we selected a list of potential molecular targets that can act as metrics or modulators of the RA-perturbed networks. Therefore, these network models identify a panel of potential targets that will serve as an important resource for the discovery of therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers, as well as providing novel insights into RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyong You
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
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Vincent TL, Williams RO, Maciewicz R, Silman A, Garside P. Mapping pathogenesis of arthritis through small animal models. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1931-41. [PMID: 22427408 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have been used for a number of decades to study arthritis and have contributed greatly to unravelling mechanisms of pathogenesis and validating new targets for treatment. All animal models have sets of limitations and over the years there has been natural refinement of existing models as well as creation of new ones. The success of genetic modification in mice has fuelled an exponential increase in the use of murine models for arthritis research and has significantly increased our understanding of disease processes. This review focuses on those rodent models of RA and OA that have current utility and are widely used by the research community. We highlight the subtle but important differences in existing models by positioning them on a pathogenesis map whereby model selection is determined by the specific aspect of disease to be studied. We discuss the evolving challenges in in vivo arthritis studies and our perceived gaps for future new model development. The document includes technical and cost implications of performing the described models, and the ethical considerations of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Room B526, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Associate Member Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Scheerens H, Su Z, Irving B, Townsend MJ, Zheng Y, Stefanich E, Chindalore V, Bingham CO, Davis JC. MTRX1011A, a humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a phase I randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study incorporating pharmacodynamic biomarker assessments. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R177. [PMID: 22029963 PMCID: PMC3308112 DOI: 10.1186/ar3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody MTRX1011A in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 1 study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods In the single ascending dose (SAD) portion of the study, patients received single doses of a placebo or MTRX1011A at 0.3, 1.0, 3.5 and 7.0 mg/kg intravenously (IV) or 1.0 and 3.5 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC), followed by five weeks of evaluation. In the multi-dose (MD) portion of the study, placebo or MTRX1011A was administered weekly for eight doses at 1.5 or 3.5 mg/kg SC, or 5 mg/kg IV, followed by eight weeks of evaluation. Results MTRX1011A was well tolerated in the SAD phase up to 7 mg/kg IV and in the MD phase up to 1.5 mg/kg SC. At weekly doses of 3.5 mg/kg SC and 5 mg/kg IV, a moderate pruritic papular rash was observed in some MTRX1011A-treated patients, which was considered a dose-limiting toxicity for this clinical indication. No serious adverse events occurred in any cohort. Reduction in disease activity was modest. PD assessments demonstrated that MTRX1011A induced a dose-dependent down-modulation of CD4 expression on peripheral blood CD4 T cells, CD4 receptor occupancy, increases in serum sCD4-MTRX1011A complexes and up-regulation of CD69 on T cells, but was non-depleting. Conclusions The maximum tolerated dose of MTRX1011A was 1.5 mg/kg SC administered weekly. At this dose MTRX1011A did not achieve maximum PD activity expected to be required for reduction in disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Scheerens
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Wang L, Zhao D, Di L, Xu T, Lin X, Yang B, Zhou X, Yang X, Liu Y. The analgesic and anti-rheumatic effects of Thladiantha dubia fruit crude polysaccharide fraction in mice and rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1381-1387. [PMID: 21855621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Thladiantha dubia has been used in Chinese manchu nationality folk medicine for treatment of various pains, such as rheumatic pain, lumbocrural pain, and dysmenorrhea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-rheumatic effect of Thladiantha dubia fruit crude polysaccharide (TF-P) fraction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS TF-P was evaluated in mice for analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions test and for anti-inflammatory activity using xylene-induced ear oedema model. Moreover, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced by injection of CFA into the subplantar surface of the hind paw of the male Wistar rats. Joint swelling was measured. In order to evaluate the effect of TF-P on disease progression, proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-2), and antioxidant indicators (SOD, MDA, and NO) were determined in rats induced by CFA. Pathologic changes of RA in rats were also observed under light microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the present study, TF-P at the dose of 200mg/kg (according to the clinical traditional dosage) significantly reduced writhings and stretchings induced by the acetic acid in mice. TF-P significantly inhibited xylene-induced ear oedema in mice, compared with control group. TF-P significantly inhibited inoculated and non-inoculated joint swellings in rats induced by CFA. TF-P had no effect of body weight in rats. The histopathological analysis suggested that TF-P obviously alleviated the degree of RA rats. TF-P treated rats preserved a nearly normal histological architecture of the joint. Results of the present study confirm the use of Thladiantha dubia traditionally for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions. Those results suggest TF-P has protective and therapeutic effects on RA rats induced by CFA.
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MESH Headings
- Acetic Acid
- Analgesics/isolation & purification
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Ankle Joint/drug effects
- Ankle Joint/immunology
- Ankle Joint/metabolism
- Ankle Joint/pathology
- Antirheumatic Agents/isolation & purification
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cucurbitaceae/chemistry
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/prevention & control
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Fruit
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Interleukin-2/blood
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/blood
- Mice
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Pain/chemically induced
- Pain/prevention & control
- Pain Measurement
- Plants, Medicinal
- Polysaccharides/isolation & purification
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Superoxide Dismutase/blood
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
- Xylenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
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Zhu W, Meng L, Jiang C, He X, Hou W, Xu P, Du H, Holmdahl R, Lu S. Arthritis is associated with T-cell-induced upregulation of Toll-like receptor 3 on synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R103. [PMID: 21708001 PMCID: PMC3218918 DOI: 10.1186/ar3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are likely to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to determine the key TLRs in synovium and explore their roles in the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) mediated by T cells in arthritis. Methods Pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) was established by subcutaneous injection with pristane at the base of the rat's tail. TLR expression in synovium from PIA rats was detected at different time points by performing real-time PCR. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) was intra-articularly administrated to PIA rats, and arthritis was monitored macroscopically and microscopically. Synovial TLR3 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Rat FLSs were stimulated with pristane-primed T cells or pristane-primed, T-cell conditioned medium. The intervention of TLR3 in FLSs was achieved by specific short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) or an antibody. The migration ability of FLSs was measured by using the scratch test, and gene expression was detected by using real-time PCR. FLSs from RA patients were stimulated with various cytokines and TLR ligands, and TLR3 expression was detected by performing real-time PCR. In addition, with different concentrations of poly(I:C) stimulation, TLR3 expression of FLSs from RA patients and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) was compared. Results Synovium TLR3 displayed early and persistent overexpression in PIA rats. TLR3 was expressed in FLSs, and local treatment with poly(I:C) synergistically aggravated the arthritis. Rat FLSs co-cultured with pristane-primed T cells showed strengthened migration ability and significant upregulation of TLR3, IFN-β, IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) expression, which could also be induced by pristane-primed, T-cell conditioned medium. The upregulation of cytokines and MMPs was blocked by shRNA or TLR3 antibodies. In RA FLSs with cytokine or TLR ligand stimulation, TLR3 expression exhibited remarkable upregulation. Furthermore, RA FLSs showed higher reactivity than OA FLSs to poly(I:C). Conclusions TLR3 in the synovium of PIA rats was overexpressed, and activation of the TLR3 signaling pathway could aggravate this arthritis. The induction of TLR3 in FLSs resulted from T cell-derived inflammatory stimulation and could further mediate FLS activation in arthritis. We conclude that TLR3 upregulation of FLSs activated by T cells results in articular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yanta West Road 76, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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Kageyama Y, Torikai E, Tsujimura K, Kobayashi M. Involvement of IL-33 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of etanercept on the serum levels of IL-33. Mod Rheumatol 2011; 22:89-93. [PMID: 21674220 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-011-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-33 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, we measured the serum levels of IL-33 in RA patients before and after the administration of etanercept. Twenty-four patients with RA were treated with etanercept. Clinical and laboratory examinations, including serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin (Hb); white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts; and the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints including CRP (DAS28-CRP), were performed at the baseline and at 3 and 6 months after the initial treatment with etanercept. The mean serum IL-33 levels had decreased significantly at 3 and 6 months after the initial treatment with etanercept. Serum IL-33 levels showed a significant correlation with the number of tender joints, CRP, DAS28-CRP, and the WBC count, and an inverse correlation with the RBC count and Hb level. These findings indicated that the decrease of serum IL-33 levels was a novel function of etanercept, shown for the first time in this study. Measurement of serum levels of IL-33 may become a useful control marker for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Kageyama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamamatsu University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-2102, Japan.
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Panayi GS. Developments in the immunology of rheumatoid arthritis, a personal perspective. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:815-7. [PMID: 21498557 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hueber W, Patel DD, Dryja T, Wright AM, Koroleva I, Bruin G, Antoni C, Draelos Z, Gold MH, Durez P, Tak PP, Gomez-Reino JJ, Foster CS, Kim RY, Samson CM, Falk NS, Chu DS, Callanan D, Nguyen QD, Rose K, Haider A, Di Padova F. Effects of AIN457, a fully human antibody to interleukin-17A, on psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and uveitis. Sci Transl Med 2011; 2:52ra72. [PMID: 20926833 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is elaborated by the T helper 17 (T(H)17) subset of T(H) cells and exhibits potent proinflammatory properties in animal models of autoimmunity, including collagen-induced arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and experimental autoimmune uveitis. To determine whether IL-17A mediates human inflammatory diseases, we investigated the efficacy and safety of AIN457, a human antibody to IL-17A, in patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic noninfectious uveitis. Patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis (n = 36), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 52), or chronic noninfectious uveitis (n = 16) were enrolled in clinical trials to evaluate the effects of neutralizing IL-17A by AIN457 at doses of 3 to 10 mg/kg, given intravenously. We evaluated efficacy by measuring the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), the American College of Rheumatology 20% response (ACR20) for rheumatoid arthritis, or the number of responders for uveitis, as defined by either vision improvement or reduction in ocular inflammation or corticosteroid dose. AIN457 treatment induced clinically relevant responses of variable magnitude in patients suffering from each of these diverse immune-mediated diseases. Variable response rates may be due to heterogeneity in small patient populations, differential pathogenic roles of IL-17A in these diseases, and the different involvement or activation of IL-17A-producing cells. The rates of adverse events, including infections, were similar in the AIN457 and placebo groups. These results support a role for IL-17A in the pathophysiology of diverse inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and noninfectious uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hueber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Hu PF, Chen Y, Cai PF, Jiang LF, Wu LD. Sphingosine-1-phosphate: a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4225-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Page TH, Turner JJO, Brown AC, Timms EM, Inglis JJ, Brennan FM, Foxwell BMJ, Ray KP, Feldmann M. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase TNF production in rheumatoid synovial membrane cultures and whole blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:3694-701. [PMID: 20713883 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and hence PG production. However, the ability of NSAIDs to ameliorate pain and tenderness does not prevent disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis, a disease whose pathogenesis is linked to the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha. To understand this observation, we have examined the effect of NSAIDs on the production of clinically validated proinflammatory cytokines. We show that a variety of NSAIDs superinduce production of TNF from human peripheral blood monocytes and rheumatoid synovial membrane cultures. A randomized, double-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled trial in healthy human volunteers also revealed that the NSAID drug celecoxib increased LPS-induced TNF production in whole blood. NSAID-mediated increases in TNF are reversed by either the addition of exogenous PGE(2) or by a PGE(2) EP2 receptor agonist, revealing that PGE(2) signaling via its EP2 receptor provides a valuable mechanism for controlling excess TNF production. Thus, by reducing the level of PGE(2), NSAIDs can increase TNF production and may exacerbate the proinflammatory environment both within the rheumatoid arthritis joint and the systemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Page
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Xu D, Jiang HR, Li Y, Pushparaj PN, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Leung BP, Mu R, Tay HK, McKenzie ANJ, McInnes IB, Melendez AJ, Liew FY. IL-33 exacerbates autoantibody-induced arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2620-6. [PMID: 20139274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis comprises dysregulation in both innate and adaptive immunity. There is therefore intense interest in the factors that integrate these immunologic pathways in rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we report that IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1 family, can exacerbate anti-glucose-6-phosphate isomerase autoantibody-induced arthritis (AIA). Mice lacking ST2 (ST2(-/-)), the IL-33 receptor alpha-chain, developed attenuated AIA and reduced expression of articular proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, treatment of wild-type mice with rIL-33 significantly exacerbated AIA and markedly enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production. However, IL-33 failed to increase the severity of the disease in mast cell-deficient or ST2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, mast cells from wild-type, but not ST2(-/-), mice restored the ability of ST2(-/-) recipients to mount an IL-33-mediated exacerbation of AIA. IL-33 also enhanced autoantibody-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and in synovial tissue in vivo. Together these results demonstrate that IL-33 can enhance autoantibody-mediated articular inflammation via promoting mast cell degranulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Because IL-33 is derived predominantly from synovial fibroblasts, this finding provides a novel mechanism whereby a host tissue-derived cytokine can regulate effector adaptive immune response via enhancing innate cellular activation in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damo Xu
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Emery P, Durez P, Dougados M, Legerton CW, Becker JC, Vratsanos G, Genant HK, Peterfy C, Mitra P, Overfield S, Qi K, Westhovens R. Impact of T-cell costimulation modulation in patients with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis or very early rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and imaging study of abatacept (the ADJUST trial). Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 69:510-6. [PMID: 19933744 PMCID: PMC2927615 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.119016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Several agents provide treatment for established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but a crucial therapeutic goal is to delay/prevent progression of undifferentiated arthritis (UA) or very early RA. Objective To determine the impact of T-cell costimulation modulation in patients with UA or very early RA. Methods In this double-blind, phase II, placebocontrolled, 2-year study, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)2-positive patients with UA (not fulfilling the ACR criteria for RA) and clinical synovitis of two or more joints were randomised to abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) or placebo for 6 months; the study drug was then terminated. The primary end point was development of RA (by ACR criteria) at year 1. Patients were monitored by radiography, MRI, CCP2, rheumatoid factor and 28 joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28) over 2 years. Results At year 1, 12/26 (46%) abatacept-treated versus 16/24 (67%) placebo-treated patients developed RA (difference (95% CI) −20.5% (−47.4% to 7.8%)). Adjusted mean changes from baseline to year 1 in Genant-modified Sharp radiographic scores for abatacepttreated versus placebo-treated patients, respectively, were 0 versus 1.1 for total score, and 0 versus 0.9 for erosion score. Mean changes from baseline to year 1 in MRI erosion, osteitis and synovitis scores were 0, 0.2 and 0.2, respectively, versus 5.0, 6.7 and 2.3 in the abatacept versus placebo groups. Safety was comparable between groups; serious adverse events occurred in one patient (3.6%) in each group. Conclusion Abatacept delayed progression of UA/very early RA in some patients. An impact on radiographic and MRI inhibition was seen, which was maintained for 6 months after treatment stopped. This suggests that it is possible to alter the progression of RA by modulating T-cell responses at a very early stage of disease. Trial registration number NCT00124449.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Emery
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds. [corrected]
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Akhavani MA, Larsen H, Paleolog E. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells as a link between synovial vascularity and cardiovascular mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 36:83-90. [PMID: 17476612 DOI: 10.1080/03009740701305704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart and/or blood vessels (arteries and veins). Most Western countries face high and ever-increasing rates of cardiovascular disease. Each year, more Americans are killed by heart disease than by cancer. Diseases of the heart alone cause 30% of all deaths, with other diseases of the cardiovascular system causing substantial further deaths and disability. Indeed, cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death and disability in the USA and most European countries. The development of the vascular systems requires an intricate interplay of molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial progenitor cells. A defective vascular repair/regeneration is thought to be responsible for propagation of atherosclerosis, a key feature of cardiovascular disease. This is partly attributed to a reduction in the circulating endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a higher than average incidence of cardiovascular disease in comparison with the general population, with an increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction, and an increased risk of fatality following myocardial infarction. This review focuses on the current evidence linking the role played by endothelial progenitor cells to the development of cardiovascular disease and why this might relate to the increased risk observed in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Akhavani
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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Abstract
Autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases were a major focus of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, where I started my research career. After my initial studies on immune cell culture and immune regulation, I returned to an analysis of the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity in London. Linking upregulated antigen presentation to autoimmunity led to an investigation of the role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in collaboration with Ravinder Maini. These experiments defined the concept of a TNF-dependent cytokine cascade driving the manifestations of RA, which led to successful clinical trials of anti-TNF monoclonal antibody in RA patients, heralding a major change in medical practice. This success was made possible by enthusiastic support from many laboratory and clinical colleagues and taught us that cytokines are important rate-limiting steps and hence good therapeutic targets. My current scientific challenge is exploring the hypothesis of whether all major medical needs can be approached via cytokine blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, London W6 8LH, UK.
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