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Gu Q, Zhang J, Lin B, Ding H, Yan Q, Wei C, Yao Y, Wang R, Zou C. Effects and function of citric acid on fermentation quality and microbial community in sugarcane tops silage with high and low water-soluble carbohydrate content. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:99. [PMID: 39849361 PMCID: PMC11755813 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
Sugarcane tops silage (STS), as a source of roughage for ruminants, is rich in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, which significantly affects silage quality. Citric acid (CA) is a low-cost natural antimicrobial agent that can inhibit undesirable microbes and improve silage quality. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of CA on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, microbial communities, and metabolic pathways of STS with high and low WSC contents before or after aerobic exposure. Fresh sugarcane tops with low-WSC [143.05 g/kg dry matter (DM)] and high-WSC (249.99 g/kg DM) contents were treated with and without CA and then ensiled for 125 days, followed by aerobic exposure for 4, 8, and 16 days. The results showed that high-WSC STS had lower crude protein (CP) content and higher DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, whether treated with CA or not. CA-inoculated silage exhibited decreased DM loss and enterobacteria (EB) counts compared to the control. High-WSC STS treated with CA had higher WSC content and lower yeast count than those without CA inoculation. During the 0-16 days of aerobic exposure, the propionic acid and butyric acid contents in CA-inoculated silage were almost unchanged and ranged from 0 to 1 g/kg DM. Meanwhile, the ethanol content was almost unchanged and ranged from 0 to 1 g/kg DM only in low-WSC STS, irrespective of CA addition. Before aerobic exposure, CA inoculation decreased the abundances of undesirable microbes (e.g., Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 and Paecilomyces) and animal pathogens, while amino acid metabolism was lower in high-WSC STS regardless of CA treatment. After aerobic exposure, CA inoculation increased the abundance of bacteria with antibacterial effects, including Paenibacillus and Bacillus. Moreover, the metabolism of energy and nucleotides was lower in high-WSC STS treated with CA, and the animal pathogens was lower in low-WSC STS treated with CA. In conclusion, CA inoculation could be effective in decreasing nutrients loss, improving fermentation quality, inhibiting harmful microorganisms, and modulating the metabolic pathways of microorganisms in STS with high and low WSC contents prior to and after aerobic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Bo Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Hao Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Qi Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Caixiang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Yipei Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Ruizhanghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China
| | - Caixia Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
- Science and Technology Backyard of Guangxi Fusui Dairy Industry, Chongzuo, Guangxi, 532100, China.
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The effect of aeration and mixing in developing a dairy-based functional food rich in menaquinone-7. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1773-1780. [PMID: 32377942 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation improves bone health and reduces the incidence of osteoporosis. Despite the recent developments in MK-7 fermentation using Bacillus subtilis natto, low fermentation yields, as well as complicated downstream processing steps, are still the main reasons for the expensive final product. To overcome these issues, developing a fermented dairy-based product rich in MK-7 by avoiding costly downstream steps and optimising the fermentation operating conditions to enhance the MK-7 concentration would be an alternative approach. The present study, therefore, aims to evaluate the role of agitation and aeration as the key operating conditions on MK-7 production by Bacillus subtilis natto using a milk media. The agitation and aeration rates of 525 RPM and 5 VVM were found to be the optimum levels leading to the production of 3.54 mg/L of MK-7. Further, the sensory evaluation was performed to compare the sensory properties of the freeze-dried fermented samples with non-fermented milk samples. The results illustrated that the fermented samples had a significant saltiness with intense aroma resulting in the less acceptability of them by the panellists.
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Hyeon H, Min CW, Moon K, Cha J, Gupta R, Park SU, Kim ST, Kim JK. Metabolic Profiling-Based Evaluation of the Fermentative Behavior of Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis for Soybean Residues Treated at Different Temperatures. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020117. [PMID: 31979021 PMCID: PMC7074079 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean processing, e.g., by soaking, heating, and fermentation, typically results in diverse metabolic changes. Herein, multivariate analysis-based metabolic profiling was employed to investigate the effects of fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae or Bacillus subtilis on soybean substrates extracted at 4, 25, or 55 °C. As metabolic changes for both A. oryzae and B. subtilis were most pronounced for substrates extracted at 55 °C, this temperature was selected to compare the two microbial fermentation strategies, which were shown to be markedly different. Specifically, fermentation by A. oryzae increased the levels of most organic acids, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glutamine, which were ascribed to carbohydrate metabolism and conversion of glutamic acid into GABA and glutamine. In contrast, fermentation by B. subtilis increased the levels of most amino acids and isoflavones, which indicated the high activity of proteases and β-glucosidase. Overall, the obtained results were concluded to be useful for the optimization of processing steps in terms of nutritional preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Hyeon
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Keumok Moon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (K.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaeho Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (K.M.); (J.C.)
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.T.K.); (J.K.K.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5505 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); Fax: +82-55-350-5509 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-0763 (J.K.K.)
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.T.K.); (J.K.K.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5505 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); Fax: +82-55-350-5509 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-0763 (J.K.K.)
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Zhao J, Jia D, Du J, Chi Y, Yao K. Substrate regulation on co-metabolic degradation of β-cypermethrin by Bacillus licheniformis B-1. AMB Express 2019; 9:83. [PMID: 31190292 PMCID: PMC6562013 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-cypermethrin (β-CY) residues are a serious threat to food safety and human health. However, the residues are not efficiently biodegraded because microorganisms preferentially use the nutrients found in food and the environment for growth. In this study, the mechanisms underlying nutrient regulation during co-metabolic degradation of β-CY by Bacillus licheniformis B-1 were investigated. The strain B-1 resting cells and the suspension containing NaN3 showed no significant differences in β-CY degradation. The co-metabolic degradation and strain B-1 growth could be separately inhibited by iodoacetic acid and sodium fluoride. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), fructose 1-6 bisphosphate (F1-6BP), Mg2+, and Mn2+ could improve the degradation, whereas adenosine triphosphate (ATP), alanine (Ala), phenylalanine (Phe), and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) were found to exert the opposite effect, indicating that β-CY degradation was positively associated with pyruvate kinase activity. Furthermore, glycerol, urea, ammonium chloride and peptone improved β-CY degradation in corn flour. The results provided a promising approach for nutrient regulation of pyrethroids biodegradation in food and the environment.
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Massahi A, Çalık P. Naturally occurring novel promoters around pyruvate branch-point for recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii): Pyruvate decarboxylase- and pyruvate kinase- promoters. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kocabaş P, Çalık P, Çalık G, Özdamar TH. Analyses of extracellular protein production in Bacillus subtilis – I: Genome-scale metabolic model reconstruction based on updated gene-enzyme-reaction data. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Seifan M, Samani AK, Berenjian A. New insights into the role of pH and aeration in the bacterial production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3131-3142. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mishra V. Optimization of thermotolerant alkaline protease production from Brevibacillus brevis strain BT2 using surface response methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Optimization for production of liquid nitrogen fertilizer from the degradation of chicken feather by iron-oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles coupled β-keratinase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Şahin B, Öztürk S, Çalık P, Özdamar TH. Feeding strategy design for recombinant human growth hormone production by Bacillus subtilis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1855-65. [PMID: 26104536 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Defined and semi-defined medium-based feeding strategies were developed to enhance recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Bacillus subtilis BGSC-1A178 (scoC (-)) strain carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH. Defined medium-based feeding strategies were designed by exponential feeding of glucose and (NH4)2HPO4 at two pre-determined specific growth rates, µ 0 = 0.10 and 0.17 h(-1). Semi-defined medium-based feeding strategies were designed by exponential feeding of substrate solution consisting of glucose, (NH4)2HPO4, peptone, and trace salt solution (PTM1) at three pre-determined specific growth rates, µ 0 = 0.10, 0.17, and 0.25 h(-1). At all the strategies applied, transition cultivation time from batch to fed-batch operation was t T = 4 h. The highest rhGH concentration was obtained as C rhGH = 0.5 g L(-1) with semi-defined medium-based feeding strategy designed with µ 0 = 0.25 h(-1) using feed substrate stock solution containing 200 g L(-1) glucose, 117 g L(-1) (NH4)2HPO4, 100 g L(-1) peptone, and 5 mL L(-1) PTM1 at t = 22 h when the cell concentration reached to C X = 8.29 g L(-1). The overall product and cell yields on glucose were obtained as [Formula: see text] = 7.21 mg g(-1) and [Formula: see text] = 0.12 g g(-1), respectively. The results indicate the requirement of designing continuous feed stream in fed-batch production to enhance rhGH production by r-B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Şahin
- Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Öztürk
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Çalık
- Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tunçer H Özdamar
- Biochemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Ankara University, Tandoğan, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Codon optimization of xylA gene for recombinant glucose isomerase production in Pichia pastoris and fed-batch feeding strategies to fine-tune bioreactor performance. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:889-903. [PMID: 25492311 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work are the optimization of the codons of xylA gene from Thermus thermophilus to enhance the production of recombinant glucose isomerase (rGI) in P. pastoris and to investigate the effects of feeding strategies on rGI production. Codons of xylA gene from T. thermophilus were optimized, ca. 30 % of the codons were replaced with those with higher frequencies according to the codon usage bias of P. pastoris, codon optimization resulted in a 2.4-fold higher rGI activity. To fine-tune bioreactor performance, fed-batch bioreactor feeding strategies were designed as continuous exponential methanol feeding with pre-calculated feeding rate based on the pre-determined specific growth rate, and fed-batch methanol-stat feeding. Six feeding strategies were designed, as follows: (S1) continuous exponential methanol- and pulse- sorbitol feeding; (S2) continuous exponential methanol- and peptone- feeding; (S3) continuous exponential methanol- and pulse- mannitol feeding; (S4) continuous exponential methanol- and peptone- feeding and pulse-mannitol feeding; (S5) methanol-stat feeding by keeping methanol concentration at 5 g L(-1); and, (S6) methanol-stat feeding by keeping methanol concentration at 5 g L(-1) and pulse-mannitol feeding. The highest cell and rGI activity was attained as 117 g L(-1) at t = 66 h and 32530 U L(-1) at t = 53 h, in strategy-S5. The use of the co-substrate mannitol does not increase the rGI activity in methanol-stat feeding, where 4.1-fold lower rGI activity was obtained in strategy-S6. The overall cell yield on total substrate was determined at t = 53 h as 0.21 g g(-1) in S5 strategy.
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Sarrafzadeh MH, Schorr-Galindo S, La HJ, Oh HM. Aeration effects on metabolic events during sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis. J Microbiol 2014; 52:597-603. [PMID: 24972809 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of Bacillus thuringiensis during its sporulation process was investigated under different concentrations of oxygen. At the beginning of sporulation, the aeration conditions were regulated to obtain different oxygen transfer rates (OTR) in four separate fermentations, representing interrupted, limited, non-limited, and saturated oxygenation, respectively. A higher OTR resulted in a higher pH, up to about 9 in the case of saturated oxygenation, while the interrupted oxygenation resulted in a significantly acidic culture. In contrast, the absence of oxygen resulted in rapid sporangia lysis and caused acidification of the medium, indicating a distinctly different sporangia composition and different metabolism. The bacterium also showed different CO2 production rates during sporulation, although a maximum point was observed in every case.With a higher OTR, the maximal value was observed after a longer time and at a lower value (40, 26, and 13 mmol/L/h for limited, non-limited, and saturated cases, respectively). Despite the exhaustion of glucose prior to the sporulation phase, the interrupted oxygenation resulted in acetate, lactate, and citrate in the medium with a maximum concentration of 4.8, 1.3, and 5.0 g/L, respectively. Notwithstanding, while the metabolic events differed visibly in the absence of oxygen, once sporulation was triggered, it was completed, even in the case of an interrupted oxygen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Sarrafzadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Iran
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Singh SK, Garg SK. Shake-flask and bench-scale stirred tank bioreactor production optimization of a thermoalkaline protease fromBacillus cereusSIU1 using one-factor-at-a-time and response surface (statistical) methodologies. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.913582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Characterization and application of a detergent-stable alkaline α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis strain AS-S01a. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:219-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Singh SK, Singh SK, Tripathi VR, Khare SK, Garg SK. Comparative one-factor-at-a-time, response surface (statistical) and bench-scale bioreactor level optimization of thermoalkaline protease production from a psychrotrophic Pseudomonas putida SKG-1 isolate. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:114. [PMID: 22204659 PMCID: PMC3337321 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of alkaline protease from various bacterial strains using statistical methods is customary now-a-days. The present work is first attempt for the production optimization of a solvent stable thermoalkaline protease by a psychrotrophic Pseudomonas putida isolate using conventional, response surface methods, and fermentor level optimization. RESULTS The pre-screening medium amended with optimized (w/v) 1.0% glucose, 2.0% gelatin and 0.5% yeast extract, produced 278 U protease ml(-1) at 72 h incubation. Enzyme production increased to 431 Uml(-1) when Mg2+ (0.01%, w/v) was supplemented. Optimization of physical factors further enhanced protease to 514 Uml(-1) at pH 9.0, 25°C and 200 rpm within 60 h. The combined effect of conventionally optimized variables (glucose, yeast extract, MgSO4 and pH), thereafter predicted by response surface methodology yielded 617 U protease ml(-1) at glucose 1.25% (w/v), yeast extract 0.5% (w/v), MgSO4 0.01% (w/v) and pH 8.8. Bench-scale bioreactor level optimization resulted in enhanced production of 882 U protease ml(-1) at 0.8 vvm aeration and 150 rpm agitation during only 48 h incubation. CONCLUSIONS The optimization of fermentation variables using conventional, statistical approaches and aeration/agitation at fermentor level resulted in ~13.5 folds increase (882 Uml(-1)) in protease production compared to un-optimized conditions (65 Uml(-1)). This is the highest level of thermoalkaline protease reported so far by any psychrotrophic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Singh
- Center of Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, UP, India
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Center of Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, UP, India
| | - Vinayak R Tripathi
- Center of Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, UP, India
| | - Sunil K Khare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Satyendra K Garg
- Center of Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad-224001, UP, India
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Optimization of production of an oxidant and detergent-stable alkaline β-keratinase from Brevibacillus sp. strain AS-S10-II: Application of enzyme in laundry detergent formulations and in leather industry. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Dynamic flux balance analysis for pharmaceutical protein production by Pichia pastoris: Human growth hormone. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Mukherjee AK, Rai SK. A statistical approach for the enhanced production of alkaline protease showing fibrinolytic activity from a newly isolated Gram-negative Bacillus sp. strain AS-S20-I. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Juan MY, Wu CH, Chou CC. Fermentation with Bacillus spp. as a bioprocess to enhance anthocyanin content, the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory effect, and the reducing activity of black soybeans. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:918-23. [PMID: 20688233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Food possessing anthocyanins, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity or reducing activity show beneficial effect on human health. To develop healthy food, black soybeans were fermented with either Bacillus subtilis BCRC 14715 or Bacillus sp. CN11, or a mixture of both Bacillus spp. in the present study. The anthocyanin content, the ACE inhibitory activity and the reducing power of the fermented black soybean were then examined. It was found that the ACE inhibitory activity of the extracts of bean and viscous material from the fermented black soybeans varied with extraction solvents and starter organism, yet increased as the fermentation period was extended, regardless of starter organism. After 18 h of fermentation, the water extract of bean showed less ACE inhibitory activity than did the respective 80% ethanol extract. While the water extract of viscous material showed a higher ACE inhibitory activity than the respective ethanol extract. With respect to extraction yield, it was found that the ACE inhibitor in the fermented black soybean could be extracted more efficiently with water than 80% ethanol. Fermentation with B. subtilis BCRC 14715 was also found to increase the anthocyanin content of black soybean and the reducing activity of the extracts. Finally, the 80% ethanol extract showed a higher reducing activity than the water extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Juan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Çalik G, Pehlivan N, Kalender N, Özdamar TH, Çalik P. Utilization of pretreated molasses for serine alkaline protease production with recombinant bacillus species. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00986440302125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Güzide Çalik
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, and Industrial Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology Research Center , Ankara University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Pehlivan
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, and Industrial Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology Research Center , Ankara University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nermi Kalender
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, and Industrial Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology Research Center , Ankara University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tunçer H. Özdamar
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, and Industrial Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology Research Center , Ankara University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Çalik
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , METU , Ankara, Turkey
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Celik E, Calik P, Oliver SG. Metabolic flux analysis for recombinant protein production by Pichia pastoris using dual carbon sources: Effects of methanol feeding rate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:317-29. [PMID: 19777584 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular metabolic fluxes through the central carbon pathways in the bioprocess for recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) production by Pichia pastoris (Mut(+)) were calculated to investigate the metabolic effects of dual carbon sources (methanol/sorbitol) and the methanol feed rate, and to obtain a deeper understanding of the regulatory circuitry of P. pastoris, using the established stoichiometry-based model containing 102 metabolites and 141 reaction fluxes. Four fed-batch operations with (MS-) and without (M-) sorbitol were performed at three different constant specific growth rates (h(-1)), and denoted as M-0.03, MS-0.02, MS-0.03, and MS-0.04. Considering the methanol consumption pathway, the M-0.03 and MS-0.02 conditions produced similar effects and had >85% of formaldehyde flux towards the assimilatory pathway. In contrast, the use of the dual carbon source condition generated a shift in metabolism towards the dissimilatory pathway that corresponded to the shift in dilution rate from MS-0.03 to MS-0.04, indicating that the methanol feed exceeded the metabolic requirements at the higher micro(0). Comparing M-0.03 and MS-0.03 conditions, which had the same methanol feeding rates, sorbitol addition increased the rHuEPO synthetic flux 4.4-fold. The glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and PPP pathways worked uninterruptedly only at MS-0.02 condition. PPP and TCA cycles worked with the highest disturbances at MS-0.04 condition, which shows the stress of increased feeding rates of methanol on cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Celik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Özdamar TH, Şentürk B, Yılmaz ÖD, Kocabaş P, Çalık G, Çalık P. Bioreaction network flux analysis for human protein producing Bacillus subtilis based on genome-scale model. Chem Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Çelik E, Çalık P, Oliver SG. A structured kinetic model for recombinant protein production by Mut+ strain of Pichia pastoris. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Çalık P, Levent H. Effects of pretreated beet molasses on benzaldehyde lyase production by recombinantEscherichia coliBL21(DE3)pLySs. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1536-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Celik E, Calik P, Oliver SG. Fed-batch methanol feeding strategy for recombinant protein production by Pichia pastoris in the presence of co-substrate sorbitol. Yeast 2009; 26:473-84. [PMID: 19575480 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Batch-wise sorbitol addition as a co-substrate at the induction phase of methanol fed-batch fermentation by Pichia pastoris (Mut(+)) was proposed as a beneficial recombinant protein production strategy and the metabolic responses to methanol feeding rate in the presence of sorbitol was systematically investigated. Adding sorbitol batch-wise to the medium provided the following advantages over growth on methanol alone: (a) eliminating the long lag-phase for the cells and reaching 'high cell density production' at t = 24 h of the process (C(X) = 70 g CDW/l); (b) achieving 1.8-fold higher recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) (at t = 18 h); (c) reducing specific protease production 1.2-fold; (d) eliminating the lactic acid build-up period; (e) lowering the oxygen uptake rate two-fold; and (f) obtaining 1.4-fold higher overall yield coefficients. The maximum specific alcohol oxidase activity was not affected in the presence of sorbitol, and it was observed that sorbitol and methanol were utilized simultaneously. Thus, in the presence of sorbitol, 130 mg/l rHuEPO was produced at t = 24 h, compared to 80 mg/l rHuEPO (t = 24 h) on methanol alone. This work demonstrates not only the ease and efficiency of incorporating sorbitol to fermentations by Mut(+) strains of P. pastoris for the production of any bio-product, but also provides new insights into the metabolism of the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Celik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
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Kaya-Çeliker H, Angardi V, Çalık P. Regulatory effects of oxygen transfer on overexpression of recombinant benzaldehyde lyase production byEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3). Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1066-76. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Çalık P, Levent H. Effects of pulse feeding of beet molasses on recombinant benzaldehyde lyase production by Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:65-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Calik P, Balci O, Ozdamar TH. Human growth hormone-specific aptamer identification using improved oligonucleotide ligand evolution method. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 69:21-8. [PMID: 19500672 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
LETEG is a method developed and used for the separation and purification of proteins employing a single-step ligand (aptamers) evolution in which aptamers are eluted with an increasing temperature gradient. Using recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) as the test purification target, and after avoiding cross reactions of aptamers with Bacillus subtilis extracellular proteins by negative SELEX, the effects of time and pH on aptamer binding to rhGH were investigated. The highest binding efficiency of aptamers on rhGH-immobilized microparticles was obtained at pH 7.0. The aptamers that interacted with rhGH were eluted by a multi-stage step-up temperature gradient in DeltaT=10 degrees C increments within the range T=55-95 degrees C; and the strongest affinity binding was disrupted at T=85 degrees C where C(Apt)=0.16muM was eluted. The equilibrium binding data obtained was described by a Langmuir-type isotherm; where the affinity constant was K(D)=218nM rhGH. RhGH was separated from the fermentation broth with 99.8% purity, indicating that the method developed is properly applicable even for an anionic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Calik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey.
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Ozdamar TH, Sentürk B, Yilmaz OD, Calik G, Celik E, Calik P. Expression system for recombinant human growth hormone production from Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:75-84. [PMID: 19224557 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time, an expression system mimicking serine alkaline protease synthesis and secretion, producing native form of human growth hormone (hGH) from Bacillus subtilis. A hybrid-gene of two DNA fragments, i.e., signal (pre-) DNA sequence of B. licheniformis serine alkaline protease gene (subC) and cDNA encoding hGH, were cloned into pMK4 and expressed under deg-promoter in B. subtilis. Recombinant-hGH (rhGH) produced by B. subtilis carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH was secreted. N-terminal sequence and mass spectrometry analyses of rhGH confirm the mature hGH sequence, and indicate that the signal peptide was properly processed by B. subtilis signal-peptidase. The highest rhGH concentration was obtained at t = 32 h as C(rhGH) = 70 mg L(-1) with a product yield on substrate Y(rhGH/S) = 9 g kg(-1), in a glucose based defined medium. Fermentation characteristics and influence of hGH gene on the rhGH production were investigated by comparing B. subtilis carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH with that of carrying merely pMK4. Excreted organic-acid concentrations were higher by B. subtilis carrying pMK4::pre(subC)::hGH, whereas excreted amino-acid concentrations were higher by B. subtilis carrying pMK4. The approach developed is expected to be applicable to the design of expression systems for heterologous protein production from Bacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunçer H Ozdamar
- Biochemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Dept., Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Çalık P, Angardi V, Haykır NI, Boyacı IH. Glucose isomerase production on a xylan-based medium by Bacillus thermoantarcticus. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Ducros E, Ferrari M, Pellegrino M, Raspanti C, Bogni C. Effect of aeration and agitation on the protease production by Staphylococcus aureus mutant RC128 in a stirred tank bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2008; 32:143-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-008-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Çelik E, Ozbay N, Oktar N, Çalık P. Use of Biodiesel Byproduct Crude Glycerol as the Carbon Source for Fermentation Processes by Recombinant Pichia pastoris. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie071613o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Çelik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey, and Chemical Engineering Department, Gazi University, Maltepe, 06570 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nalan Ozbay
- Chemical Engineering Department, Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey, and Chemical Engineering Department, Gazi University, Maltepe, 06570 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Oktar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey, and Chemical Engineering Department, Gazi University, Maltepe, 06570 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Çalık
- Chemical Engineering Department, Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey, and Chemical Engineering Department, Gazi University, Maltepe, 06570 Ankara, Turkey
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pH influences intracellular reaction network of β-lactamase producing Bacillus licheniformis. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Ileri N, Calik P, Sengül A. Phosphate enrichment and fed-batch operation for prolonged ?-lactamase production by Bacillus licheniformis. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:1418-26. [PMID: 17448176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Investigation of the phosphate effect and feeding strategy, i.e. linear and exponential feeding, to improve beta-lactamase production by Bacillus licheniformis considering the viability of the cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Effect of phosphate enrichment on beta-lactamase production was investigated and resulted in 1.2-fold increase in beta-lactamase activity. Thereafter, exponential and linear feed profiles were established, after an initial batch phase for t = 0-7.5 h. The highest beta-lactamase activity was obtained at fed-batch operation with exponential feeding (FBO1) condition as A = 106 U cm(-3), which is c. 1.7-fold higher than that of the phosphate-enriched batch operation (PE-BO). CONCLUSIONS Biphasic variations in beta-lactamase production was enhanced to monophasic variation with the exponential feeding strategy where the activity was obtained as A = 106 U cm(-3) at t = 16 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Phosphate enrichment decreases the intracellular ammonium concentration and organic acid excretion, but increrases beta-lactamase production. When batch operation (BO) and PE-BO are compared, it is seen that succinic acid formation decreased with the phosphate enrichment as a result of smooth operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. At FBO1 despite the increased lactic and acetic acid formation, beta-lactamase production increased 1.7-fold, and 92% of the cells were alive at the end of the fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ileri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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35
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Potumarthi R, Ch. S, Jetty A. Alkaline protease production by submerged fermentation in stirred tank reactor using Bacillus licheniformis NCIM-2042: Effect of aeration and agitation regimes. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Investigations on protease production by a wild-type Aspergillus terreus strain using diluted retentate of pre-filtered palm oil mill effluent (POME) as substrate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Kocabaş P, Çalık P, Özdamar TH. Fermentation characteristics of l-tryptophan production by thermoacidophilic Bacillus acidocaldarius in a defined medium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Çalik P, Yilgör P, Demir AS. Influence of controlled-pH and uncontrolled-pH operations on recombinant benzaldehyde lyase production by Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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ul-Haq I, Mukhtar H. Fuzzy logic control of bioreactor for enhanced biosynthesis of alkaline protease by an alkalophilic strain of Bacillus subtilis. Curr Microbiol 2006; 52:149-52. [PMID: 16450068 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Present studies describe the optimization of some cultural parameters such as medium pH, incubation temperature, and agitation rate for the biosynthesis of alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis IH-72 in a bioreactor using fuzzy logic control. The process of fermentation was carried out in a 7.5-L bioreactor (New Brunswick Scientific, USA) with a working volume of 5 L. All of the parameters were automatically controlled with the help of attached software. The optimum pH, temperature, and agitation for the production of alkaline protease by B. subtilis IH-72 were found to be 9.0, 35 degrees C, and 175 rpm, respectively. The performance of the fuzzy logic of the bioreactor was found to be encouraging for enhanced production of the enzymes. The maximum production of alkaline protease during the present study was found to be 9.6 U mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram ul-Haq
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Botany Department, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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40
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Joo HS, Chang CS. Production of an oxidant and SDS-stable alkaline protease from an alkaophilic Bacillus clausii I-52 by submerged fermentation: Feasibility as a laundry detergent additive. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Celik E, Calik P. Bioprocess parameters and oxygen transfer characteristics in beta-lactamase production by Bacillus species. Biotechnol Prog 2004; 20:491-9. [PMID: 15058994 DOI: 10.1021/bp0342351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After screening potential beta-lactamase producers in a medium containing penicillin G, an inducible (Bacillus subtilis NRS 1125) and a constitutive (Bacillus licheniformis 749/C ATCC 25972) beta-lactamase producer were selected. As the highest enzyme activity was obtained with B. licheniformis 749/C, the effects of the concentration of carbon sources, i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose, citric acid, and glycerol, and nitrogen sources, i.e., (NH(4))(2)HPO(4), NH(4)Cl, yeast extract, casamino acids and peptone, pH, and temperature on beta-lactamase production were investigated with B. licheniformis 749/C in laboratory scale bioreactors. Among the investigated media, the highest volumetric activity was obtained as 270 U cm(-)(3) in the medium containing 10.0 kg m(-)(3) glucose, 1.18 kg m(-)(3) (NH(4))(2)HPO(4), 8.0 kg m(-)(3) yeast extract, and the salt solution at 32 degrees C and pH(0) = 6.0. By using the designed medium, fermentation and oxygen transfer characteristics of the bioprocess were investigated at V = 3.0 dm(3) bioreactor systems with a V(R) = 1.65 dm(3) working volume at Q(O)/V(R) = 0.5 vvm and N = 500 min(-1). At the beginning of the process the Damköhler number was <1, indicating that the process was at biochemical reaction limited condition; at t = 2-5 h both mass-transfer and biochemical reaction resistances were effective; and at t = 6-10 h (Da >>1) the bioprocess was at mass transfer limited condition. Overall oxygen transfer coefficients (K(L)a) varied between 0.01 and 0.03 s(-)(1), enhancement factor (K(L)a/K(L)a(O)) varied between 1.2 and 2.3, and volumetric oxygen uptake rate varied between 0.001 and 0.003 mol m(-)(3) s(-)(1) throughout the bioprocess. The specific oxygen uptake and the specific substrate consumption rates were the highest at t = 2 h and then decreased with the cultivation. The maximum yield of cells on substrate and the maximum yield of cells on oxygen values were obtained, respectively, as Y(X/S) = 0.34 and Y(X/O) = 1.40, at t = 5 h, whereas the highest yield of substrate on oxygen was obtained as Y(S/O) = 6.94 at t = 3.5 h. The rate of oxygen consumption for maintenance and the rate of substrate consumption for maintenance values were found, respectively, as m(O) = 0.13 kg kg(-)(1) h(-)(1) and m(S) = 3.02 kg kg(-)(1) h(-)(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Celik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
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42
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Çalik P, Yilgör P, Ayhan P, Demir AS. Oxygen transfer effects on recombinant benzaldehyde lyase production. Chem Eng Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Calik P, Bilir E, Ozçelik IS, Calik G, Ozdamar TH. Inorganic compounds have dual effect on recombinant protein production: influence of anions and cations on serine alkaline protease production. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:194-200. [PMID: 14678174 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Investigation of concerted effects of cations, i.e. Mg2+ and Mn2+, in combination with their anions, i.e. sulphate, chloride and acetate (Ac), on the physiology of Bacillus licheniformis carrying pHV1431::subC to improve the fermentation medium for serine alkaline protease (SAP) production, whereupon, determination of the acid that can be used in pH control. METHODS AND RESULTS The cell concentrations increased with the increase in MnSO4 and Mn(Ac)2 concentrations, and the highest values were obtained at Co(MnSO4) = 0.20 mmol l-1 and Co(Mn(CH3COO)2) = 4.0 mmol l-1, as 2.3 and 2.2 g l-1, respectively. However, Co(MnCl2) did not influence biomass concentration. SAP production was inhibited with MnCl2 after Co(MnCl2) = 0.60 mmol l-1, but with MnSO4 SAP production was inhibited drastically. Whereas, at high concentrations of Mn(Ac)2 SAP production increased and the highest activity was obtained as ASAP = 1285 U ml-1 at t = 65 h. With the Mg compounds, cell concentrations increased with the increase in the concentrations of MgSO4, MgCl2 and Mg(Ac)2; and the anions did not show any influence on the cell growth. Similar to the results of Mn compounds, the glucose consumption rate increased with the increase in MgSO4 and MgCl2 concentrations; contrariwise, decreased with the increase in Mg(Ac)2 concentrations, due to the use of acetate as the second carbon source. Co(MgSO4) = 0.40 mmol l-1, Co(MgCl2) = 1.60 mmol l-1 and Co(Mg(Ac)2) = 0.40 mmol l-1 were the optimum concentrations separately, and the highest SAP activity was obtained with Mg(Ac)2 as ASAP = 1338 U ml-1 at t = 47 h. Consequently, ion acetate and its acid HAc appear, respectively, as the superior anion for the essential cations and the control agent for pH control in the bioreactor. Finally, optimum initial concentrations and the concerted effects of Mg(Ac)2 and Mn(Ac)2 were investigated, and the optimum concentrations were found respectively as 0.40 and 0.80 mmol l-1, while the maximum activity was obtained as ASAP = 1010 U ml-1 at a shortened cultivation time of t = 39 h. CONCLUSIONS Mn(Ac)2 and Mg(Ac)2 together enhanced the cell formation and SAP synthesis rates, moreover, SAP synthesis started at an earlier cultivation time. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Each inorganic compound with its cation and anion has dual effect on the metabolism. Mg2+ and Mn2+ at their specific concentrations influence the regulation of the pathways that might cause better coupling of supply and demand for the amino acids on the basis of the amino acid composition of the enzyme molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calik
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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44
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Çalık P, Kalender N, Özdamar TH. Overexpression of serine alkaline protease encoding gene in Bacillus species: performance analyses. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Protein-based complex medium design for recombinant serine alkaline protease production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Characterization of xanthan gum biosynthesis in a centrifugal, packed-bed reactor using metabolic flux analysis. Process Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Overexpression of a serine alkaline protease gene in Bacillus licheniformis and its impact on the metabolic reaction network. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Çalik P, Bilir E, Çalik G, Özdamar TH. Bioreactor operation parameters as tools for metabolic regulations in fermentation processes: influence of pH conditions. Chem Eng Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Enzyme-ion exchanger interactions in serine alkaline protease separation: theory, equilibria and kinetics. Biochem Eng J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Çalık P, Bilir E, Çalık G, Özdamar TH. Influence of pH conditions on metabolic regulations in serine alkaline protease production by Bacillus licheniformis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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