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Raghavendran HRB, Sathyanath R, Shin J, Kim HK, Han JM, Cho J, Son CG. Panax ginseng modulates cytokines in bone marrow toxicity and myelopoiesis: ginsenoside Rg1 partially supports myelopoiesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33733. [PMID: 22523542 PMCID: PMC3327696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have demonstrated that Korean Panax ginseng (KG) significantly enhances myelopoiesis in vitro and reconstitutes bone marrow after 5-flurouracil-induced (5FU) myelosuppression in mice. KG promoted total white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts and improved body weight, spleen weight, and thymus weight. The number of CFU-GM in bone marrow cells of mice and serum levels of IL-3 and GM-CSF were significantly improved after KG treatment. KG induced significant c-Kit, SCF and IL-1 mRNA expression in spleen. Moreover, treatment with KG led to marked improvements in 5FU-induced histopathological changes in bone marrow and spleen, and partial suppression of thymus damage. The levels of IL-3 and GM-CSF in cultured bone marrow cells after 24 h stimulation with KG were considerably increased. The mechanism underlying promotion of myelopoiesis by KG was assessed by monitoring gene expression at two time-points of 4 and 8 h. Treatment with Rg1 (0.5, 1 and 1.5 µmol) specifically enhanced c-Kit, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression in cultured bone marrow cells. Our results collectively suggest that the anti-myelotoxicity activity and promotion of myelopoiesis by KG are mediated through cytokines. Moreover, the ginsenoside, Rg1, supports the role of KG in myelopoiesis to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rekha Sathyanath
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital Daejeon, University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - JangWoo Shin
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital Daejeon, University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Keug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital Daejeon, University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Han
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital Daejeon, University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital Daejeon, University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital Daejeon, University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CGS); (HRBR)
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Yang R, Pei X, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Li Q, Zhao M, Li Y. Protective effect of a marine oligopeptide preparation from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on radiation-induced immune suppression in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:2241-2248. [PMID: 20632389 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A marine oligopeptide preparation (MOP) obtained from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) by the method of enzymatic hydrolysis, has been found to enhance the innate and adaptive immunities through stimulation of the secretion of cytokines in mice. The current study aimed to further investigate the protective effect of MOP on radiation-induced immune suppression in mice. RESULTS Female ICR mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. blank control, irradiation control and MOP (1.350 g kg(-1) body weight) plus irradiation-treated group. MOP significantly increased the survival rate and prolonged the survival times for 30 days after irradiation, and lessened the radiation-induced suppression of T- or B-lymphocyte proliferation, resulting in the recovery of cell-mediated and humoral immune functions. This effect may be produced by augmentation of the relative numbers of radioresistant CD(4) (+) T cells, enhancement of the level of immunostimulatory cytokine, IL-12, reduction of the level of total cellular NF-κB through the induction of IκB in spleen and inhibition of the apoptosis of splenocytes. CONCLUSION We propose that MOP be used as an ideal adjuvant therapy to alleviate radiation-induced injuries in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyue Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Madhusoodhanan R, Natarajan M, Singh JVN, Jamgade A, Awasthi V, Anant S, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Effect of black raspberry extract in inhibiting NFkappa B dependent radioprotection in human breast cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:93-104. [PMID: 20043264 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903191494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Black raspberry extracts (RSE) have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and stimulate apoptosis. Also, studies have demonstrated that RSE inhibits transcriptional regulators including NFkappa B. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of RSE in inhibiting radiation (IR) induced NFkappa B mediated radioprotection in breast adenocarcinoma cells. MCF-7 cells were exposed to IR (2Gy), treated with RSE (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 micro g/ml) or treated with RSE (1.0 micro g/ml) followed by IR exposure, and harvested after 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. NFkappa B DNA-binding activity was measured by EMSA and phosphorylated Ikappa Balpha by immunoblotting. Expression of IAP1, IAP2, XIAP and survivin were measured by QPCR and immunoblotting. Cell survival was measured using MTT assay and cell death using Caspase-3/7 activity. Effect of RSE on IR induced MnSOD, TNFalpha, IL-1alpha and MnSOD activity was also determined. RSE inhibited NFkappa B activity in a dose-dependent manner. Also, RSE inhibited IR-induced sustained activation of NFkappa B, and NFkappa B regulated IAP1, IAP2, XIAP, and survivin. In addition, RSE inhibited IR-induced TNFalpha, IL-1alpha, and MnSOD levels and MnSOD activity. RSE suppressed cell survival and enhanced cell death. These results suggest that RSE may act as a potent radiosensitizer by overcoming the effects of NFkappa B mediated radioprotection in human breast cancer cells.
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Interleukin-1-mediated hematopoietic cell regulation in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region of the mouse embryo. Blood 2008; 112:4895-904. [PMID: 18805969 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-12-123836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis during development is a dynamic process, with many factors involved in the emergence and regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells. Whereas previous studies have focused on developmental signaling and transcription factors in embryonic hematopoiesis, the role of well-known adult hematopoietic cytokines in the embryonic hematopoietic system has been largely unexplored. The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), best known for its proinflammatory properties, has radioprotective effects on adult bone marrow HSCs, induces HSC mobilization, and increases HSC proliferation and/or differentiation. Here we examine IL-1 and its possible role in regulating hematopoiesis in the midgestation mouse embryo. We show that IL-1, IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs), and signaling mediators are expressed in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region during the time when HSCs emerge in this site. IL-1 signaling is functional in the AGM, and the IL-1RI is expressed ventrally in the aortic subregion by some hematopoietic, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells. In vivo analyses of IL-1RI-deficient embryos show an increased myeloid differentiation, concomitant with a slight decrease in AGM HSC activity. Our results suggest that IL-1 is an important homeostatic regulator at the earliest time of HSC development, acting to limit the differentiation of some HSCs along the myeloid lineage.
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Kim HJ, Kim MH, Byon YY, Park JW, Jee Y, Joo HG. Radioprotective effects of an acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng on bone marrow cells. J Vet Sci 2007; 8:39-44. [PMID: 17322772 PMCID: PMC2872695 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An acidic polysaccharide of Panax ginseng (APG), so called ginsan is known to have important immunomodulatory activities. It was recently reported that APG has radioprotective effects in mice but the detailed mechanism was not fully elucidated. This study examined the effects of APG on bone marrow cells (BMs). The phenotypical and functional changes in APG-treated BMs after gamma radiation were studied. The benefit of APG on BMs damaged by gamma radiation was determined by measuring the cell viability. Using 2 different assays, a pretreatment with APG significantly increased the viability of BMs against gamma radiation. APG-treated BMs had a significantly higher amount of IL-12, which is a major cytokine for immune responses, compared with the medium-treated BMs. The expression of MHC class II molecules of APG-treated BMs was also increased, and APG-treated BMs showed significantly higher levels of allogeneic CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, APG-treated mice had a larger number of BMs after gamma radiation than the control mice, and the BMs of APG-treated mice were successfully cultured into dendritic cells, which are the representative antigen-presenting cells. Overall, this study shows that APG alters the phenotype of BMs, increases the viability and alloreactivity of BMs after gamma radiation both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, APG may be a good candidate radioprotective agent for BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Applied Life Sciences, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Brown S, Konopa J, Zhou D, Thompson J. Expression of TNFalpha by CD3+ and F4/80+ cells following irradiation preconditioning and allogeneic spleen cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:359-65. [PMID: 14676780 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) includes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) expression by macrophages and T cells. However, the temporal comparison of donor vs host cells to TNFalpha expression in response to irradiation conditioning and alloreactivity has not been reported. This study compared intracellular TNFalpha expression in donor vs host spleen T cells and macrophages using a murine model of aGVHD. Total body irradiation conditioning alone resulted in increased frequency of F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells, but no increase in CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells. Syngeneic transplantation resulted in an increased frequency of F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells, while CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells increased on days 1 and 3 but declined on day 5. Allogeneic transplantation resulted in an increased frequency of donor CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells, while the frequency of host CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells declined. Similarly, donor F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells also increased in frequency after allotransplantation, while the frequency of host F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells was increased on day 1 and declined through days 3 and 5. In absolute cell numbers, CD3+/TNFalpha+ cells were greater than F4/80+/TNFalpha+ cells post allotransplantation. We conclude that (1) both donor and host CD3+ and F4/80+cells are present in the post transplant period and contribute to TNFalpha production and (2) in terms of frequency, the majority of TNFalpha producing cells in the spleen after allogeneic BMT are CD3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brown
- VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, USA.
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Könemann S, Bölling T, Malath J, Kolkmeyer A, Janke K, Riesenbeck D, Hesselmann S, Diallo R, Vormoor J, Willich N, Schuck A. Time- and dose-dependent changes of intracellular cytokine and cytokine receptor profile of Ewing tumour subpopulations under the influence of ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2003; 79:897-909. [PMID: 14698958 DOI: 10.1080/09553000310001626126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytokines and their corresponding cell surface receptors are involved in intercellular signalling pathways and in the radioresistance of normal and malignant cells. The aim was the characterization of the expression of intracellular cytokines, their receptors and apoptosis-associated markers under the influence of radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two Ewing tumours were characterized in vitro before and 4, 24 and 72 h after radiation with 5 and 10 Gy, and in vivo 4, 6 and 15 days after radiation with 5 and 30 Gy by five parameter flow cytometry. Direct fluorescence-conjugated antibodies directed against intracellular cytokines (interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, interleukin 1) and their receptors (CD119, CD120a, CD121a) were used. Annexin V and 7-amino-actinomycin D were used to identify radiation-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Inter- and intra-individual heterogeneities were identified by the expression of cytokine receptors and the intracellular cytokine profile before radiation. Time- and dose-dependent up-regulation of the cytokines TNF-alpha and interleukin 1 were found in vitro. In vivo, an up-regulation of CD120a and CD121a was detectable on tumour cell subpopulations. For interferon-gamma and CD119, no changes were seen. CONCLUSIONS The observed radiation-induced changes of cytokine and receptor profile are an indication for complex intercellular interactions in view of radioresistance-associated mechanisms between cell populations within one individual tumour. The observed heterogeneous response on radiation might have therapeutic implications for an individualized therapy based on combined radiation and cytokine modulation, defined by flow cytometric characterization of markers potentially informative for radioresistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Annexin A5/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Apoptosis
- CD11 Antigens/biosynthesis
- Cell Division
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/metabolism
- DNA/metabolism
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Radiation, Ionizing
- Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interferon/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- S Könemann
- Department of Radiotherapy University Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33 48 129 Münster Germany.
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van der Veen AH, ten Hagen TLM, Seynhaeve ALB, Eggermont AMM. Lack of cell-cycle specific effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on tumor cells in vitro: implications for combination tumor therapy with doxorubicin. Cancer Invest 2002; 20:499-508. [PMID: 12094545 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-120002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Addition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to chemotherapy enhances tumor response in several treatment modalities. However, it has been shown that TNF-alpha, and several other cytokines, exert inhibitory effects on cell-cycle progression and by doing so may attenuate sensitivity of these cells to cell-cycle dependent cytotoxic drugs (e.g., doxorubicin). Here, we determined the cytotoxic effect of TNF-alpha on several tumor cell lines in vitro in combination with doxorubicin (cell-cycle dependent) or melphalan (cell-cycle independent), and its effect on cell-cycle progression. The rat cell lines were prepared from tumors, which were used previously in animal studies, in which synergy was shown between TNF-alpha and the cytotoxic drugs. Results demonstrate that the addition of TNF-alpha to doxorubicin or melphalan in vitro had no attenuating effect on the cytotoxic drugs. Depending on the cell type used, addition of TNF-alpha induced no or only an additive cytotoxic effect. Only the tested rat osteosarcoma tumor cells demonstrated a cell arrest in the G2 phase, which did not result in attenuation of the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin towards these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H van der Veen
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgical Oncology, Room Ee 0102a, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Vodovotz Y, Lucia MS, DeLucca AM, Mitchell JB, Kopp JB. Reduced hematopoietic function and enhanced radiosensitivity of transforming growth factor-β1 transgenic mice. Int J Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000220)90:1<13::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Dialynas DP, Shao LE, Hinojosa AG, Yu J. Functional and biochemical characterization of a novel human macrophage-derived negative regulator of haematopoiesis. Cytokine 1999; 11:985-95. [PMID: 10623424 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1999.0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that haematopoiesis is regulated by both positive and negative signals derived from the marrow microenvironment, which includes macrophages. The identity and mechanism of action of the proteins mediating negative regulation is an area of active investigation. We report here the identification and initial characterization of a novel suppressor of early haematopoietic progenitors, designated NRH (for Negative Regulator of Haematopoiesis), isolated from the recently established human macrophage line 2MAC. The mechanism of NRH suppression appears to involve a marked decrease in the cycling of early progenitor cells. NRH activity was shown to be reversible and to correspond to an acidic, heparin-binding glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 000 daltons ( approximately 20 kDa). By exploiting lectin specificity, hydrophobic interaction, and heparin affinity, we have developed a procedure for the rapid isolation of highly purified NRH from 2MAC-conditioned medium. By a number of functional and biochemical criteria, NRH appears to represent a novel macrophage-derived negative regulator of haematopoiesis which may have future application in certain clinical settings as a chemoprotectant of primitive haematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Dialynas
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Gilmore GL, DePasquale DK, Shadduck RK. Protective effects of BB-10010 treatment on chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in mice. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:195-202. [PMID: 10029156 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(98)00052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is a major dose-limiting factor in the management of cancer patients. Most chemotherapeutic agents are active against proliferating cells, interfering with DNA replication and/or mitosis. A number of chemokines, notably macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha [MIP-1alpha], have been reported to induce cell-cycle arrest in immature hematopoietic progenitors, raising the possibility that chemokines, such as MIP-1alpha, could be used to reduce or even eliminate the hematologic toxicity of cycle-active chemotherapy. We tested the effectiveness of BB-10010 [a genetically engineered analog of human MIP-1alpha] in vivo against three different cytotoxic drugs [cyclophosphamide (Cy), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)] commonly used in cancer therapy. BB-10010 treatment reduced the toxicity of all three agents, though the precise mode of protection varied with the cytotoxic drug used. BB-10010 reduced the neutropenic interval in Cy-treated mice without affecting the neutropenic nadir, whereas the absolute neutrophil counts [ANC] of both 5-FU and Ara-C treated mice were significantly higher throughout the neutropenic interval for mice receiving BB-10010 prior to chemotherapy. These findings indicate that the ability to manipulate the cell cycle of hematopoietic progenitors with chemokines, such as BB-10010/MIP-1alpha and other negative regulators, may be exploited to reduce chemotherapy-induced neutropenia; furthermore, the fact that BB-10010 is effective against several different cytotoxic agents is cause for guarded optimism that this approach may be generally applicable, and, once optimized for patient use, may prove to be of significant clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gilmore
- Western Pennsylvania Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh 15224-2207, USA
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