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Purola P, Koskinen S, Uusitalo H. Nationwide and regional trends in distance and near visual acuities during 2000-2017 in Finland. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37772430 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate time trends in distance and near vision at the national and regional levels during 2000-2017 in Finland. METHODS We used three cross-sectional, nationwide health examination surveys representing the Finnish adult population aged 30 years or older in 2000, 2011 and 2017. Bilateral, habitual distance and near visual acuity (VA) were measured in all three surveys. RESULTS The prevalence of good distance vision (VA ≥ 1.0) increased from 76.7% to 81.3% during 2000-2017 while the prevalence of weak or worse distance vision (VA ≤ 0.5) decreased from 7.6% to 3.7%. The improvements were largest among those aged 85 years and older: the prevalence of distance VA ≤ 0.5 decreased from 71.8% to 28.3%. Near vision showed improvement to a lesser extent in the total population; nevertheless, among those aged 85 years and older the prevalence of weak or worse near vision (VA ≤ 0.5) decreased from 62.3% to 27.1%. A similar positive time trend was observed in all main regions of Finland, and differences between urban and rural regions were small. CONCLUSION During the past two decades, the overall vision level has improved among the adult population. This is explained mostly by a positive shift from lower to higher vision levels among older age groups, indicating that people live longer with good or adequate vision. This positive trend showed remarkable similarity throughout different regions in Finland, highlighting the importance of equal and accessible eye care throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Purola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Register of Visual Impairment, Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Register of Visual Impairment, Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired, Helsinki, Finland
- Tays Eye Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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2
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McGuinness MB, Robman LD, McNeil JJ, Tran C, Woods RL, Owen AJ, Pham T, Guymer RH. Self-rated eyesight among healthy older Australians: Baseline results of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37114419 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the self-reported level of eyesight amongst a cohort of relatively healthy older Australian adults, and to investigate associations between poorer self-rated eyesight and demographic, health, and functional characteristics METHODS: The ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP) study was embedded in a multisite trial which recruited independently living Australians from general practices (2010-2014). Self-rated eyesight was recorded on a paper-based questionnaire as Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, Very poor, or Completely blind at the baseline study wave RESULTS: Data from 14 592 participants (aged 70-95 years, 54.61% female) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Eighty percent of participants reported excellent or good eyesight (n = 11 677). People with complete blindness were precluded from enrolling but 299 participants (2.0%) reported poor or very poor eyesight, and 2616 rated their eyesight as fair (17.9%). Lower levels of eyesight were associated with being older, female, fewer years of formal education, a primary language other than English, smoking, and self-reported macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy, cataracts, and hearing problems (each p ≤ 0.021). People with lower levels of eyesight had a higher number of falls, frailty characteristics, and depressive symptoms, and lower mental and physical health functioning scores (each p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Whilst most of these healthy older Australians reported good or excellent eyesight, a notable minority reported poor or very poor eyesight, and this was associated with a range of poorer health measures. These findings support the need for additional resources to prevent vision loss and associated sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra B McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liubov D Robman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cammie Tran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn L Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alice J Owen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thao Pham
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Killeen OJ, De Lott LB, Zhou Y, Hu M, Rein D, Reed N, Swenor BK, Ehrlich JR. Population Prevalence of Vision Impairment in US Adults 71 Years and Older: The National Health and Aging Trends Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:197-204. [PMID: 36633858 PMCID: PMC9857701 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Existing estimates of the prevalence of vision impairment (VI) in the United States are based on self-reported survey data or measures of visual function that are at least 14 years old. Older adults are at high risk for VI and blindness. There is a need for up-to-date, objectively measured, national epidemiological estimates. Objective To present updated national epidemiological estimates of VI and blindness in older US adults based on objective visual function testing. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study presents a secondary data analysis of the 2021 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a population-based, nationally representative panel study of Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older. NHATS includes community-dwelling older adults or their proxies who complete in-person interviews; annual follow-up interviews are conducted regardless of residential status. Round 11 NHATS data were collected from June to November 2021, and data were analyzed in August 2022. Interventions In 2021, NHATS incorporated tablet-based tests of distance and near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with habitual correction. Main Outcomes and Measures National prevalence of impairment in presenting distance visual acuity (>0.30 logMAR, Snellen equivalent worse than 20/40), presenting near visual acuity (>0.30 logMAR, Snellen equivalent worse than 20/40), and contrast sensitivity (>1 SD below the sample mean). Prevalence estimates stratified by age and socioeconomic and demographic data were calculated. Results In the 2021 round 11 NHATS sample, there were 3817 respondents. After excluding respondents who did not complete the sample person interview (n = 429) and those with missing vision data (n = 362), there were 3026 participants. Of these, 29.5% (95% CI, 27.3%-31.8%) were 71 to 74 years old, and 55.2% (95% CI, 52.8%-57.6%) were female respondents. The prevalence of VI in US adults 71 years and older was 27.8% (95% CI, 25.5%-30.1%). Distance and near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity impairments were prevalent in 10.3% (95% CI, 8.9%-11.7%), 22.3% (95% CI, 20.3%-24.3%), and 10.0% (95% CI, 8.5%-11.4%), respectively. Older age, less education, and lower income were associated with all types of VI. A higher prevalence of near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity impairments was associated with non-White race and Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions and Relevance More than 1 in 4 US adults 71 years and older had VI in 2021, higher than prior estimates. Differences in the prevalence of VI by socioeconomic and demographic factors were observed. These data could inform public health planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Killeen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lindsey B. De Lott
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Yunshu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mengyao Hu
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - David Rein
- National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicholas Reed
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bonnielin K. Swenor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua R. Ehrlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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4
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Wood JM. Vision Impairment and On-Road Driving. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2022; 8:195-216. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-100820-085030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Good vision is important for safe driving. The impact of vision impairment associated with common eye diseases on driving performance, and the association between vision measures and driving performance, are discussed. Studies include those where participants drove a real vehicle on a closed road or on public roads. Closed-road studies include evaluation of both simulated and true vision impairment and day- and night-time driving. Collectively, the findings provide important insights into the impact of refractive conditions, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and hemianopic field loss on driving; however, study results show varying impacts on driving performance and are often limited by small sample sizes. Vision measures including motion sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view have stronger associations with driving performance than do visual acuity or visual fields, with studies suggesting that some drivers with field loss can compensate for their field defects through increased eye and head movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Wood
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Tajbakhsh Z, Talebnejad MR, Khalili MR, Masoumpour MS, Mahdaviazad H, Mohammadi E, Keshtkar M, Nowroozzadeh MH. The prevalence of refractive error in schoolchildren. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 105:860-864. [PMID: 34982953 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.2003687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Information on the refractive error prevalence in school-aged children will result in delivering the optimal eye health service to this group. BACKGROUND Understanding the prevalence of refractive error in school-aged children is crucial to reduce the consequences of uncorrected refractive error. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Shiraz, Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional population-based study, 2001 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years participated. All participants underwent cycloplegic refraction. Spherical equivalent (SE) of -0.50 dioptre or more was considered as myopia, SE of +2.00 dioptre or more as hyperopia, and astigmatism as cylinder power of 0.75 dioptre or more. The difference of 1.00 dioptre or more between two eyes defined as anisometropia. RESULTS The prevalence of myopia was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.2-13.1%), hyperopia 6.7% (95%CI: 5.6-7.9%), and astigmatism 28.9% (95%CI: 26.9-31.0%), out of which 82.1% had with the rule astigmatism. Anisometropia was detected in 4.0% (95%CI: 3.2-5.0%) of children. Astigmatism and anisometropia were significantly higher in boys (p < 0.001, p = 0.03 respectively). The SE decreased significantly with increasing age (p < 0.001) indicating an increase in myopia with age. In addition, the rate of myopic astigmatism increased with age (p < 0.001). Among studied schoolchildren 97.0% could achieve the best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6 and 3.0% could not in the better eye. CONCLUSION Astigmatism was the most common refractive error among primary school children. The prevalence of myopia was relatively higher than other studies conducted in Iran, and it increased with age. These results may highlight the role of lifestyle changes and increased near work activities on the myopic shift in school-aged children. The findings provide information for screening programmes in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tajbakhsh
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Talebnejad
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khalili
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadat Masoumpour
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahdaviazad
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Mohammadi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Keshtkar
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nowroozzadeh
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Khadka J, Ratcliffe J, Caughey GE, Wesselingh SL, Inacio MC. Prevalence of Eye Conditions, Utilization of Eye Health Care Services, and Ophthalmic Medications After Entering Residential Aged Care in Australia. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 34854894 PMCID: PMC8648054 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.14.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the burden and trends of eye diseases, utilisation of eye health care services, and ophthalmic medications among older people living in residential aged care facilities in Australia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Registry of Senior Australians. Individuals aged ≥65 years who entered permanent residential aged care facilities between 2008 and 2015 were included. The prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of eye diseases by year, eye health care services, and ophthalmic medication use within a year of entry into the service were evaluated. Poisson regression models estimated adjusted rate of change using prevalence ratio (PR) by age, sex, state, and frailty scores. Results Of the 409,186 people studied, 43.6% (N = 178,367) had an eye condition. Of the total cohort, 32.9% (N = 134,566) had chronic eye conditions and 19.7% (N = 80,661) had an acute eye condition. Common chronic eye conditions were glaucoma (13.6%, N = 55,830), cataract (8%, (N = 32,779), blindness (4.5%, N = 18,856), and poor vision (10.3%, N = 42,245). Prevalence of any eye condition (2008: 42.7%, 95% CI = 42.2%-43.2% and 2015: 41.2%, 95% CI = 40.8-41.6%, PR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99-0.99, P < 0.001), acute eye conditions (2008: 19.8%, 95% CI = 19.4%-20.2% and 2015: 17.4%, 95% CI = 17.1%-17.6%, PR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.97-0.98, P < 0.001), and blindness (2008: 5.2%, 95% CI = 5.0%-5.4% and 2015: 3.7%, 95% CI = 3.5%-3.9%, PR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.93-0.94, p < 0.001). decreased over the study period. The prevalence of glaucoma (2008: 13.5%, 95% CI = 13.2%-13.8% and 2015: 13.8%, 95% CI = 13.5%-13.7%; PR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.10, P < 0.001) and cataract (2008: 7.4%, 95% CI = 7.2%-7.7% and 2015: 8.5%, 95% CI = 8.3%-8.7%, PR = 1.00, 95% CI = 1.00-1.01, P < 0.001) remained stable or slightly increased. Overall, 46.4% (N = 82,769) of individuals with eye conditions, accessed at least one eye health service within the first year of entering residential care and 70.5% (N = 125,673) used at least one ophthalmic medication. Optometric services (41.7%, N = 74,358) were the most used eye health care services and anti-infective eye drops (37.2%, N = 66,331) were the most commonly dispensed medications. Conclusions The prevalence of blindness among older Australian using residential aged care services decreased over the study period. However, the burden of eye diseases remained high between 2008 and 2015, whereas the use of eye health care services was disproportionately low. This study provides evidence of a significant need for eye health care services for older people with an eye disease in residential aged care facilities. Translational Relevance Four in ten long term aged care residents in Australia had at least one eye condition over the study period, indicating potential for a high eye health care needs in aged care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Khadka
- Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Health Economics and Social Care Group, Caring Future Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Health Economics and Social Care Group, Caring Future Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gillian E. Caughey
- Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steve L. Wesselingh
- Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria C. Inacio
- Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Battista J, Kalloniatis M, Metha A. Visual function: the problem with eccentricity. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 88:313-21. [PMID: 16255690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2005.tb06715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. With an ageing population, the prevalence of such a condition has resulted in a large proportion of the population relying on peripheral vision to undertake activities of daily living. Peripheral vision is not a scaled-down version of the fovea, simply requiring larger print or increased contrast for detection of objects or reading text. Even when print size is scaled and eye movements are minimised, the peripheral retina cannot perform at the level of the foveal region. Understanding how and why reading performance is limited as a function of eccentricity has important implications for how we approach rehabilitation of patients with central visual loss. This brief review of the extensive literature on reading with peripheral vision and the research aimed at better reading rehabilitation for low vision patients focuses on why many of the problems associated with the reduced reading capability of peripheral vision cannot be completely solved with magnification, reducing eye movements or modifying print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Battista
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry L Cole Ao
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne
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Bikbov MM, Gilmanshin TR, Zainullin RM, Kazakbaeva GM, Arslangareeva II, Panda-Jonas S, Khikmatullin RI, Aminev SK, Nuriev IF, Zaynetdinov AF, Uzianbaeva YV, Nikitin NA, Mukhamadieva SR, Yakupova DF, Rakhimova EM, Rusakova IA, Bolshakova NI, Safiullina KR, Jonas JB. Prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20307. [PMID: 33219250 PMCID: PMC7679388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in a Russian population. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (mean age 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range 40–94 years). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was diagnosed using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. Among 5545 participants with assessable optic disc photographs, 246 individuals [4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9, 5.0] had glaucoma, with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in 177 individuals (3.2%; 95% CI 2.7, 3.7) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in 69 individuals (1.2; 95% CI 1.0, 1.5), with IOP > 21 mmHg in 79 (32.1%) patients, and with 80 (32.5%) patients on glaucoma therapy. Glaucoma prevalence increased from 3/485 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0, 1.3) in the age group of 40–45 years to 33/165 (20.0%; 95% CI 13.8, 26.2) in the group aged 80 + years. Higher OAG prevalence correlated with older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.09; P < 0.001], longer axial length (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.17, 1.58; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13, 1.23; P < 0.001), higher stage of lens pseudoexfoliation (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.08, 1.47; P = 0.004) and lower diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P = 0.035). Higher ACG prevalence correlated with older age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03, 1.11; P < 0.001), narrower anterior chamber angle (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.77, 0.86; P < 0.001), and higher IOP (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.23, 1.38; P < 0.001). Glaucoma caused moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI) in 9 (4.9%; 95% CI 1.8, 8.1) out of 184 individuals with MSVI (OAG, n = 7; ACG, n = 2), and blindness in one (9.1%) of 11 blind individuals. In this population from Russia, two thirds of glaucoma patients were not on therapy, and in two thirds of the glaucoma patients IOP was ≤ 21 mmHg. Otherwise, glaucoma prevalence, OAG-to-ACG ratio, and glaucoma associations did not differ markedly from Caucasian and East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukharram M Bikbov
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077.
| | - Timur R Gilmanshin
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Rinat M Zainullin
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Gyulli M Kazakbaeva
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Inga I Arslangareeva
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzerufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Renat I Khikmatullin
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Said K Aminev
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Ildar F Nuriev
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Artur F Zaynetdinov
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Yulia V Uzianbaeva
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Nikolay A Nikitin
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | | | - Dilya F Yakupova
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Ellina M Rakhimova
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Iulia A Rusakova
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Natalia I Bolshakova
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Kamila R Safiullina
- Ufa Eye Research Institute, 90 Pushkin Street, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, 450077
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzerufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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Rees G, McCabe M, Xie J, Constantinou M, Gan A, Holloway E, Man RE, Jackson J, Fenwick EK, Lamoureux E. High vision-related quality of life indices reduce the odds of depressive symptoms in aged care facilities. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1596-1604. [PMID: 31392896 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1650889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association between vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) and depressive symptoms in residents with vision impairment (VI) in aged care facilities.Methods: In this cross-sectional study using baseline data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial (ACTRN12615000587505) assessing the effectiveness of a novel eye care model, 186 English-speaking residents (mean age 84 years, SD[standard deviation] = 8.7; 33.9% male) with VI and moderate cognitive functioning or better were recruited from 38 facilities across Victoria, Australia. VRQoL was measured using Rasch-transformed scores from the 'Reading'; 'Mobility', and 'Emotional' scales of the Impact of Vision Impairment for Residential Care (IVI-RC) questionnaire. Outcomes were presence of depressive symptoms (binary score: Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia [CSDD] > 0 vs. CSDD = 0) and severity of depressive symptoms (continuous CSDD score; sample range 1-21). Independent associations with presence and severity of depressive symptoms were examined using zero-inflated logistic and linear multivariable models, respectively.Results: Of the 186 participants, n = 79 (42.5%), n = 94 (50.5%) and n = 13 (7%) reported no, mild (scores 1-7), and clinically significant depressive symptoms (score ≥8), respectively. Better vision-related Mobility (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.95, p = 0.02) was associated with reduced odds of depressive symptoms. With every unit improvement in vision-related Reading (β=-0.48; 95% CI: -0.94, -0.01, p = 0.04) and Emotional (β=-0.56; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.02, p = 0.04), severity of depressive symptoms reduced, independent of sociodemographic and medical issues.Conclusion: Better VRQoL was independently associated with reduced depressive symptoms. Supporting older people in aged care to maintain optimal levels of vision-specific functioning, independence, and emotional well-being may protect their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Rees
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marita McCabe
- Institute for Health and Aging, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alfred Gan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Edith Holloway
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ryan Ek Man
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Jonathon Jackson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Australian College of Optometry, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva K Fenwick
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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11
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Guo X, Swenor BK, Goldstein JE. Association of Visual Acuity Improvement With Uncorrected Refractive Error in Patients New to Low Vision Clinics. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020; 138:765-771. [PMID: 32437505 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance There is substantial socioeconomic and individual burden from uncorrected refractive error (URE) and chronic ocular disease. Understanding the association of visual acuity (VA) reduction with URE and the adults most likely to benefit from refraction may help support clinical decision-making in ophthalmologic care and maximize patient outcomes. Objectives To assess the magnitude of VA improvement associated with URE among adults under ophthalmic care who obtain low vision rehabilitation (LVR) services and identify the characteristics of the patients who are most likely to experience improvement. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective case series assessed patients 20 years or older who were new to the LVR clinics from August 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, and who had habitual VA between 20/40 and counting fingers (not including) and underwent refraction. Data analysis was performed from April 4, 2018, to December 20, 2019. Exposures Patient demographics and clinical data, including habitual and refraction VA, refraction, and disease diagnosis. Habitual VA was categorized as mild (VA worse than 20/40 and at least 20/60), moderate (VA worse than 20/60 and better than 20/200), severe (VA 20/200 or worse and better than 20/500), and profound (VA 20/500 or worse) vision impairment (VI). Main Outcomes and Measures At least 2-line VA improvement and any VA improvement (≥1-line) by refraction. Results Among the 2923 patients new to LVR clinics, 1773 (mean [SD] age, 70 [18.2] years; 1069 [60.3%] female) were included in these analyses. The mean habitual VA was 20/100 (mean [SD], 0.67 [0.36] logMAR). At least 2-line improvement was observed in 493 patients (27.8%), and any VA improvement was seen in 1023 patients (57.7%). At least 2-line improvement was observed in 54 patients (34.8%) with corneal disorders and was more likely seen among patients aged 40 to <65 years compared with those aged 20 to <40 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02-2.41), African American patients compared with white patients (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08-1.85), or patients with moderate VI compared with mild VI (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07-1.72). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that URE is prevalent among patients with ocular disease and accessing LVR and that refractive evaluation should be considered for patients with ocular disease and reduced VA, especially working-age adults aged 40 to <65 years, African American patients, and those with moderate VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Guo
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bonnielin K Swenor
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judith E Goldstein
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Ali B, Yekta A, Ostadimoghaddam H, Heravian J, Yekta R, Khabazkhoob M. Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Iranian University Students in Kazerun. J Curr Ophthalmol 2020; 32:75-81. [PMID: 32510017 PMCID: PMC7265272 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors and visual impairment and the correlation between personal characteristics, including age, sex, weight, and height, with different types of refractive errors in a population of university students in the south of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a number of university majors were selected as clusters using multi-stage sampling in all universities located in Kazerun (27 clusters of 133 clusters). Then, proportional to size, a number of students in each major were randomly selected to participate in the study. Uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, non-cycloplegic objective refraction and subjective refraction were measured in all participants. Results: The prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of presenting visual impairment and blindness was 2.19% (1.48–3.23) and 0.27% (0.12–0.62), respectively. Refractive errors comprised 75% of the causes of visual impairment. The prevalence (95% CI) of myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ –0.5 D], hyperopia (SE ≥ 0.5 D), and astigmatism (cylinder power < –0.5 D) was 42.71% (39.71–45.77), 3.75% (2.85–4.51), and 29.46% (27.50–31.50), respectively. Totally, 49.03% (46.39–51.68) of the participants had at least one type of refractive error. There was a positive association between weight and myopia (1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02), anisometropia (1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06), and refractive errors (1.01; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02). In comparison with the age group 18–19 years, the odds ratio (OR) of astigmatism in the age group 26–27 years was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.03–2.61), and the OR of anisometropia in the age group ≥ 30 years was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.04–0.98). Conclusions: The prevalence of refractive errors, especially myopia, is higher in university students than the general population. Since refractive errors constitute a major part of visual impairment, university students should receive special services for providing corrective lenses and glasses to reduce the burden of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Babak Ali
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Heravian
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Yekta
- Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Park I, Veliz PT, Ingersoll-Dayton B, Struble LM, Gallagher NA, Hagerty BM, Larson JL. Assisted Living Residents' Sense of Belonging and Psychosocial Outcomes. West J Nurs Res 2020; 42:805-813. [PMID: 32046616 DOI: 10.1177/0193945920906181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the psychosocial adjustment of older adults in the assisted living environment. A sense of belonging has been linked to psychological health and a lack of belonging could lead to loneliness. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to examine relationships between social engagement, sense of belonging, and psychological outcomes. Seventy female and 30 male assisted living residents participated. The mean age was 83.9 (range 65-99) years. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that older age, higher physical function, and greater sense of belonging were associated with fewer negative psychosocial outcomes (depression and loneliness) and that sense of belonging functioned as a mediator between social engagement and psychosocial outcomes. Additional work is needed to fully understand how sense of belonging and other factors influence psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innah Park
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Philip T Veliz
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Laura M Struble
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Janet L Larson
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Zeried FM, Alshalan FA, Simmons D, Osuagwu UL. Visual impairment among adults in Saudi Arabia. Clin Exp Optom 2019; 103:858-864. [PMID: 31802542 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the prevalence of visual impairment, and identify its causes and associated factors among adults aged 40 years and over, attending for eye examination at a Riyadh public hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted among 195 consecutive older adults who attended the outpatient ophthalmology clinic of King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital between 1 February and 30 June 2018. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination: visual acuity, refraction (objective and subjective), fundus photography and automated visual field assessment. Classification of visual impairment was based on the World Health Organization criteria: mild visual impairment if best-corrected distance visual acuity < 6/12-6/18 in the better eye; moderate visual impairment if best-corrected visual acuity < 6/18-6/60 in the better eye; and severe visual impairment if best-corrected visual acuity < 6/60-3/60. Regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with visual impairment. RESULTS The study participants included 107 (54.9 per cent) females, and the mean (SD) age was 61.1 ± 10.9 years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment (14.9 per cent, 29 cases), consisting of severe (0.5 per cent), moderate (9.7 per cent) and mild (4.6 per cent) forms, correlated significantly with age (R2 = 0.023, p = 0.04). The main causes of visual impairment were glaucoma (48.3 per cent), cataract (31.0 per cent), refractive error, and diabetic retinopathy (24.1 per cent each). The odds of having visual impairment increased by 22 per cent and eight per cent respectively in participants who had diabetic retinopathy (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.95) and glaucoma (1.08, CI 1.02, 1.40). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of visual impairment among older adults attending the ophthalmology clinic in Riyadh city was high and driven by the high rate of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma in this region. As part of their routine checks, there is need to make dilated fundus examination and intraocular pressure measurement mandatory tests in addition to refraction and visual acuity testing, when examining Saudi adults attending the hospital eye clinics in Riyadh province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial M Zeried
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fay Ah Alshalan
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Simmons
- Macarthur Clinical School, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit (DOMTRU), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Uchechukwu L Osuagwu
- Macarthur Clinical School, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit (DOMTRU), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
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15
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Naël V, Moreau G, Monfermé S, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Scherlen AC, Arleo A, Korobelnik JF, Delcourt C, Helmer C. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Uncorrected Refractive Error in Older Adults in a Population-Based Study in France. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 137:3-11. [PMID: 30326038 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Importance Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a common cause of visual impairment, but its prevalence in groups of older adults who could be pragmatic targets for improving optical correction remains unknown. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of URE in older adults, particularly in those with age-related eye disease and those who are unable to attend an outpatient clinic, and to identify the factors associated with URE. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cross-sectional analysis included 707 adults 78 years or older from the Alienor Study in Bordeaux, France. Data were collected from February 12, 2011, through December 21, 2012, and analyzed from November 1, 2017, through July 7, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Uncorrected refractive error was defined as the presenting distance visual acuity in the better-seeing eye improved by at least 5 letters on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart (≥1 line on the logMAR chart) using the best-achieved optical correction. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the factors associated with URE. Results The study population of 707 adults 78 years or older (64.8% women; mean [SD] age, 84.3 [4.4] years) had a prevalence of URE of 38.8% (95% CI, 35.2%-42.5%). Prevalence was high for participants with eye disease (range, 35.0% [95% CI, 28.4%-42.0%] to 44.1% [95% CI, 27.2%-62.1%], depending on the disease) and those without eye disease (30.1%; 95% CI, 24.0%-36.7%). Prevalence was higher in participants who were examined at home (because they could not come to the clinic) than in those examined at the clinic (49.4% [95% CI, 42.8%-55.9%] vs 33.5% [95% CI, 29.2%-37.9%]; P < .001). Having an eye examination performed at home (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.13-2.37), living alone (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.90), and having the perceptions that the ophthalmologist consultation fees are too expensive (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.12-3.36) and that declining visual acuity is normal with aging (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04-2.08) were all associated with URE. Conclusions and Relevance These study results show that the prevalence of URE was high in this population and suggest that preventive strategies aimed at enhancing optical correction could be directed to all older adults and to specific groups by implementing at-home eye examinations for those who have difficulties attending an outpatient clinic and by focusing on those with eye disease who probably already have a regular ophthalmologic follow-up. More studies are needed to evaluate prevalence of URE in different populations and countries with various eye care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Naël
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherché 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,R&D Life and Vision Science, Essilor International, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Gwendoline Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherché 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Solène Monfermé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherché 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherché 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Angelo Arleo
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherché 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Bordeaux University Medical Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherché 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherché 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Keel S, McGuinness MB, Foreman J, Scheetz J, Taylor HR, Dirani M. Prevalence, associations and characteristics of severe uncorrected refractive error in the Australian National Eye Health Survey. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 48:14-23. [PMID: 31574581 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In Australia, nationally representative data of the burden and associations of severe uncorrected refractive error are scarce. BACKGROUND To report the prevalence and characteristics of severe uncorrected refractive error in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 to 98 and 1738 Indigenous Australians aged 40 to 92 living in 30 randomly selected Australian sites were examined. METHODS Severe uncorrected refractive error was defined as an improvement of ≥2 lines on the logMAR chart in one or both eyes in participants with a presenting visual acuity <6/12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Severe uncorrected refractive error RESULTS: Prevalence of severe uncorrected refractive error was 11.0% (95% confidence interval 9.3-13.0) in non-Indigenous and 14.5% (12.5-16.7) in Indigenous Australians. Eighty-two percent of non-Indigenous and 77% of Indigenous participants had a spherical equivalent refraction between -2.00D and +2.00D. Indigenous Australians who were older (odds ratio [OR] for 70-79 years vs 40-49 years = 3.59), resided in outer regional areas (OR = 1.78) and did not have an eye examination in the previous 2-years (OR = 1.50) were associated with higher odds of severe uncorrected refractive error. Geographical remoteness (OR = .68 for inner regional), male gender (OR = 1.30), older age (OR for 70-79 years vs 50-59 years = 1.51) and failure to have an eye examination in the previous 2-years (OR = 2.06) were associated with severe uncorrected refractive error among non-Indigenous participants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increased public awareness of the importance of regular optometric examinations may be required in groups at high risk of severe uncorrected refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Keel
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myra B McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua Foreman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Scheetz
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hugh R Taylor
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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17
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Lacherez P, Virupaksha S, Wood JM, Collins MJ. The effects of auditory satellite navigation instructions and visual blur on road hazard perception. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 125:132-137. [PMID: 30743176 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The distracting effects of mobile telephone use while driving are well known, however the effects of other sources of distraction, such as auditory navigation devices, are less well understood. Whether the effects of auditory distraction might interact with other sensory impairments, such as vision impairment, is of interest given that visual impairment is relatively common within the population, particularly as a result of uncorrected refractive error. In this experiment, 20 current drivers (mean age of 29.4 ± 3.2 years), binocularly viewed video recordings of traffic scenes presented as part of the Hazard Perception Test and responded to potential hazards within the traffic scenes. Half of the presented scenes included auditory navigation instructions as an auditory distractor. Additionally, some of the scenes were viewed through optical lenses to induce different levels of refractive blur (+0.50 DS, +1.00 DS and +2.00 DS). Hazard perception response times increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing blur. Participants were significantly slower in reacting to hazards for the +1.00 DS and +2.00 DS blur conditions compared to the control condition (with no blur). There was also a significant increase in response times to hazards in the presence of the auditory navigation instructions. The combined effect of blur and auditory instructions was additive, with the worst performance being in the presence of both blur and auditory instructions. These results suggest that the delivery of auditory navigation guidance for those with visual impairments, such as blur, which are relatively common in the population, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lacherez
- School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - S Virupaksha
- School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - J M Wood
- School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - M J Collins
- School of Optometry and Vision Science and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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18
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Holloway EE, Constantinou M, Xie J, Fenwick EK, Finkelstein EA, Man REK, Coote M, Jackson J, Rees G, Lamoureux EL. Improving eye care in residential aged care facilities using the Residential Ocular Care (ROC) model: study protocol for a multicentered, prospective, customized, and cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia. Trials 2018; 19:650. [PMID: 30477548 PMCID: PMC6260871 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults in residential aged care facilities have unnecessarily high levels of vision impairment (VI) which are largely treatable or correctable. However, no current comprehensive eye health service model exists in this setting in Australia. We aimed to determine the clinical, person-centered, and economic effectiveness of a novel eye care model, the Residential Ocular Care (ROC). Methods/design This protocol describes a multicentered, prospective, randomized controlled trial. A total of 395 participants with distance vision < 6/12 (0.30 LogMAR) and/or near vision N8 (1.00 M) or worse will be recruited from 38 urban and rural aged care facilities across Victoria, Australia. Aged care facilities will be randomized (1:1) to one of two parallel groups. Participants in the ROC group will receive a comprehensive and tailored eye care pathway that includes, as necessary, refraction and spectacle provision, cataract surgery, low vision rehabilitation, and/or a referral to an ophthalmologist for funded treatment. Usual care participants will be referred for an evaluation to the eye care service associated with the facility or an eye care provider of their choice. The primary outcome will be presenting near and distance vision assessed at the two- and six-month follow-up visits, post baseline. Secondary outcomes will include vision-specific quality of life, mobility, falls, depression, and eye care utilization at two and six months. An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis will also be undertaken. Discussion The ROC study is the first multicentered, prospective, customized, and cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia to determine the effectiveness of a comprehensive and tailored eye care model for people residing in aged care facilities. Results from this trial will assist health and social care planners in implementing similar innovative models of care for this growing segment of the population in Australia and elsewhere. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12615000587505. Registered on 4 June 2015 – retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-3025-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith E Holloway
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marios Constantinou
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Eva K Fenwick
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Eric A Finkelstein
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ryan E K Man
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Coote
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan Jackson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK.,Australian College of Optometry, Corner Keppel and Cardigan Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Gwyn Rees
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ecosse L Lamoureux
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. .,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road Level 4, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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19
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Refractive errors in an elderly rural Japanese population: The Kumejima study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207180. [PMID: 30439986 PMCID: PMC6237349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of refractive errors, which closely relates to visual function difficulties, several ocular disorders, and decreased quality of life, varies among countries and populations. One of the highest prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] < -0.5 diopters [D], 41.8%) has been reported in an urban city (Tajimi) in central Japan. Here, we assess refractive conditions in a rural southwestern island (Kumejima) of Japan, where a high prevalence of glaucoma, especially angle-closure glaucoma, has been found. In Kumejima, the prevalence of myopia (SE < -0.5 D), high myopia (SE < -5 D), hyperopia (SE > +0.5 D), refractive astigmatism (cylinder > 0.5 D), and anisometropia (difference in SE between eyes > 1.0 D) were 29.5%, 1.9%, 34.1%, 38.8%, and 15.5%, respectively. Myopia decreased with age up to 70 years old but increased slightly thereafter, whereas hyperopia increased up to 70 years old and was unchanged thereafter. The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia was higher in older subjects. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was higher than most of white, Hispanic, and other Asian populations, while was considerably lower than in the urban city of Japan. The high prevalence of hyperopia should be associated with high prevalence of angle closure glaucoma in this island.
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Thapa R, Bajimaya S, Paudyal G, Khanal S, Tan S, Thapa SS, van Rens GHMB. Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in an elderly population in Nepal: the Bhaktapur retina study. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:42. [PMID: 29439666 PMCID: PMC5812211 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness focused on retinal disease in a population above 60 years in Nepal. METHODS Two thousand one hundred subjects were enrolled in a population-based cross-sectional study. History, presenting and best corrected visual acuity after subjective refraction, anterior and posterior segment examinations was obtained in detail. RESULTS Among the total subjects, 1860 (88.57%) had complete information. Age varies from 60 to 95 (mean age: 69.64 ± 7.31) years. Low vision and blindness in both eyes at presentation was found in 984 (52.90%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 50.60-55.19) and 36 (1.94%, 95% CI: 1.35-2.66) subjects respectively. After best correction, bilateral low vision and blindness was found in 426 (22.92%, 95% CI: 21.01-24.88), and 30 (1.61%, 95% CI: 0.10-2.30) subjects respectively. As compared to 60-69 years old, risk of visual impairment was four times higher (95% CI:3.26-5.58) in the 70-79 year olds and 14 times higher (95% CI: 9.72-19.73) in the age group 80 years and above. Major causes of bilateral low vision were cataract (68.07%), followed by retinal disorders (28.64%), and for blindness; retinal disorders (46.66%), followed by cataract (43.33%). Illiteracy was significantly associated with visual impairment. CONCLUSION Among the elderly population, prevalence of visual impairment was high. Refractive error, cataract and retinal disorders were the major cause of low vision. Screening the population at the age 60 years and above, focused on cataract and posterior segment diseases, providing glasses and timely referral can help reduce visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raba Thapa
- Vitreo-retina Service, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, P O Box 561, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Sanyam Bajimaya
- Vitreo-retina Service, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, P O Box 561, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Govinda Paudyal
- Vitreo-retina Service, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, P O Box 561, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shankar Khanal
- Central Department of Statistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Stevie Tan
- Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suman S Thapa
- Vitreo-retina Service, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, P O Box 561, Kathmandu, Nepal
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McKibbin M, Farragher TM, Shickle D. Monocular and binocular visual impairment in the UK Biobank study: prevalence, associations and diagnoses. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2018; 3:e000076. [PMID: 29657974 PMCID: PMC5895967 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of, associations with and diagnoses leading to mild visual impairment or worse (logMAR >0.3) in middle-aged adults in the UK Biobank study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Prevalence estimates for monocular and binocular visual impairment were determined for the UK Biobank participants with fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images. Associations with socioeconomic, biometric, lifestyle and medical variables were investigated for cases with visual impairment and matched controls, using multinomial logistic regression models. Self-reported eye history and image grading results were used to identify the primary diagnoses leading to visual impairment for a sample of 25% of cases. RESULTS For the 65 033 UK Biobank participants, aged 40-69 years and with fundus images, 6682 (10.3%) and 1677 (2.6%) had mild visual impairment or worse in one or both eyes, respectively. Increasing deprivation, age and ethnicity were independently associated with both monocular and binocular visual impairment. No primary diagnosis for the recorded level of visual impairment could be identified for 49.8% of eyes. The most common identifiable diagnoses leading to visual impairment were cataract, amblyopia, uncorrected refractive error and vitreoretinal interface abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of visual impairment in the UK Biobank study cohort is lower than for population-based studies from other industrialised countries. Monocular and binocular visual impairment are associated with increasing deprivation, age and ethnicity. The UK Biobank dataset does not allow confident identification of the causes of visual impairment, and the results may not be applicable to the wider UK population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darren Shickle
- Academic Unit of Public Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Association Between Hay Fever and High Myopia in United States Adolescents and Adults. Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43:186-191. [PMID: 26974535 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between hay fever and refractive error in a representative sample of adolescents and adults in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 5,744 participants aged ≥12 years from the 2005 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who participated in the allergy questionnaire, completed objective refraction and keratometry in both eyes, and had immunoglobulin E (IgE) serology. The primary predictor variable, refractive error, was classified as emmetropia (-0.99 to +0.99 diopters [D]), low myopia (-1.00 to -2.99 D), moderate myopia (-3.00 to -5.99 D), high myopia (≥-6.00 D), or hyperopia (≥1.00 D). Covariates included age, gender, race, asthma, eczema, total serum IgE ≥120 kU/L, corneal steepness, and corneal astigmatism. The primary outcome was hay fever. RESULTS The study population's mean age was 41.7 years; 48.8% of subjects were men and 51.2% were women. The prevalence of hay fever was 12.1% overall. High myopes had 2.7 times higher odds of hay fever compared to emmetropes (OR 2.67, CI, 1.57-4.51, P=0.001), which was independent of demographics, atopic conditions, IgE serology, and keratometry measurements. CONCLUSIONS The association between hay fever and high myopia identified in this large cross-sectional study remains speculative and was not mediated through corneal steepness or corneal astigmatism. Further prospective studies may help elucidate the directionality of the association between hay fever and high myopia.
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Keel S, Xie J, Foreman J, van Wijngaarden P, Taylor HR, Dirani M. Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Australia: The Australian National Eye Health Survey. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017; 135:1242-1249. [PMID: 29049463 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.4182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population globally. Currently, knowledge of the epidemiology of AMD in Australia remains scarce because of a paucity of recent population-based data. Objective To examine the prevalence of AMD in Australia. Design, Setting, and Participants In this population-based, cross-sectional survey performed from March 11, 2015, to April 18, 2016, a sample of 3098 nonindigenous Australians 50 years and older and 1738 indigenous Australians 40 years and older from 30 geographic areas across Australia were examined. Main Outcomes and Measures Any AMD, early AMD, intermediate AMD, and late AMD graded according to the Beckman clinical classification system. Results A total of 4836 individuals were examined, including 3098 nonindigenous Australian (64.1%; 58.9% female vs 41.1% male; age range, 40-92 years; mean [SD] age, 55.0 [10.0] years) and 1738 indigenous Australians (35.9%; 53.6% female vs 46.4% male; age range, 50-98 years; mean [SD] age, 66.6 [9.7] years). A total of 4589 (94.9%, 2946 nonindigenous and 1643 indigenous) participants had retinal photographs in at least 1 eye that were gradable for AMD. The weighted prevalence of early AMD was 14.8% (95% CI, 11.7%-18.6%) and of intermediate AMD was 10.5% (95% CI, 8.3%-13.1%) among nonindigenous Australians. In indigenous Australians, the weighted prevalence of early AMD was 13.8% (95% CI, 9.7%-19.3%) and of intermediate AMD was 5.7% (96% CI, 4.7%-7.0%). Late AMD was found in 0.96% (95% CI, 0.59%-1.55%) of nonindigenous participants (atrophic, 0.72%; neovascular, 0.24%). The prevalence of late AMD increased to 6.7% in participants 80 years or older and was higher in men (1.4% vs 0.61%, P = .02). Only 3 (0.17% [95% CI, 0.04%-0.63%]) indigenous participants had late (atrophic) AMD. Age-related macular degeneration was attributed as the main cause of vision loss (<6/12 in the better eye) in 23 of 208 nonindigenous Australians (11.1%) and 2 of 183 indigenous Australians (1.1%). Conclusions and Relevance In line with data from other white populations, AMD is a prominent cause of vision loss in the nonindigenous Australian population. An increased provision of low vision rehabilitation services may be required to cope with the projected increase in AMD in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Keel
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua Foreman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugh R Taylor
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Foreman J, Xie J, Keel S, van Wijngaarden P, Sandhu SS, Ang GS, Fan Gaskin J, Crowston J, Bourne R, Taylor HR, Dirani M. The Prevalence and Causes of Vision Loss in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians: The National Eye Health Survey. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:1743-1752. [PMID: 28689897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a nationwide survey on the prevalence and causes of vision loss in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. DESIGN Nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based survey. PARTICIPANTS Indigenous Australians aged 40 years or older and non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and older. METHODS Multistage random-cluster sampling was used to select 3098 non-Indigenous Australians and 1738 Indigenous Australians from 30 sites across 5 remoteness strata (response rate of 71.5%). Sociodemographic and health data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Trained examiners conducted standardized eye examinations, including visual acuity, perimetry, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure, and fundus photography. The prevalence and main causes of bilateral presenting vision loss (visual acuity <6/12 in the better eye) were determined, and risk factors were identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and main causes of vision loss. RESULTS The overall prevalence of vision loss in Australia was 6.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4-7.8). The prevalence of vision loss was 11.2% (95% CI, 9.5-13.1) in Indigenous Australians and 6.5% (95% CI, 5.3-7.9) in non-Indigenous Australians. Vision loss was 2.8 times more prevalent in Indigenous Australians than in non-Indigenous Australians after age and gender adjustment (17.7%, 95% CI, 14.5-21.0 vs. 6.4%, 95% CI, 5.2-7.6, P < 0.001). In non-Indigenous Australians, the leading causes of vision loss were uncorrected refractive error (61.3%), cataract (13.2%), and age-related macular degeneration (10.3%). In Indigenous Australians, the leading causes of vision loss were uncorrected refractive error (60.8%), cataract (20.1%), and diabetic retinopathy (5.2%). In non-Indigenous Australians, increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.72 per decade) and having not had an eye examination within the past year (OR, 1.61) were risk factors for vision loss. Risk factors in Indigenous Australians included older age (OR, 1.61 per decade), remoteness (OR, 2.02), gender (OR, 0.60 for men), and diabetes in combination with never having had an eye examination (OR, 14.47). CONCLUSIONS Vision loss is more prevalent in Indigenous Australians than in non-Indigenous Australians, highlighting that improvements in eye healthcare in Indigenous communities are required. The leading causes of vision loss were uncorrected refractive error and cataract, which are readily treatable. Other countries with Indigenous communities may benefit from conducting similar surveys of Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Foreman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart Keel
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sukhpal Singh Sandhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ghee Soon Ang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Fan Gaskin
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rupert Bourne
- Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh R Taylor
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Osuagwu UL, Suheimat M, Atchison DA. Peripheral aberrations in adult hyperopes, emmetropes and myopes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2017; 37:151-159. [PMID: 28211176 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine differences in peripheral aberrations in hyperopic, emmetropic and myopic groups. METHODS Cycloplegic peripheral aberrations for 5 mm pupils were measured at 39 locations across 42° × 32° of right eye visual fields with a COAS-HD Hartmann-Shack aberrometer in nine hyperopes (mean age 29 ± 5 years, spherical equivalent refraction M + 1.47 ± 0.58 D), 20 emmetropes (28 ± 7 years, +0.06 ± 0.36 D) and 20 myopes (27 ± 6 years, -2.55 ± 1.82 D). Relative peripheral refraction error RPRE and 3rd-4th order Zernike coefficients were compared between the groups. RESULTS Hyperopes and emmetropes had relative peripheral myopia across the visual field, with considerable nasal-temporal asymmetry for both groups and superior-inferior asymmetry for hyperopes. Myopes had minimal RPRE along the horizontal meridian, but myopic RPRE along the vertical meridian which was less than the other groups. There was little difference between groups in astigmatic components or higher-order Zernike coefficients, except for fourth-order spherical aberration which was more positive in hyperopes than in both emmetropes (mean difference ±95% CI = +0.05 ± 0.05 μm, p = 0.03) and myopes (+0.07 ± 0.04 μm, p = 0.003). Coma changed rapidly across the visual field with similar rates for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Hyperopes and emmetropes had greater relative peripheral myopia than myopes. There was asymmetry in RPRE along the vertical meridian for hyperopes which was not present in the emmetropes, suggesting there may be asymmetries in peripheral eye length along the vertical meridian for the former. Higher-order aberrations were affected by field eccentricity, but refractive error affected only the spherical aberration coefficient, which was more positive for hyperopes than for other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu L Osuagwu
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marwan Suheimat
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Atchison
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Ou HT, Lee TY, Li CY, Wu JS, Sun ZJ. Incidence of diabetes-related complications in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes: a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015117. [PMID: 28637729 PMCID: PMC5791549 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence densities and cumulative incidence of diabetes-related complications in patients with type 1 diabetes for a maximum of 15-year follow-up. The estimations were further stratified by gender and age at diagnosis (ie, early onset: 0-12 years, late onset:≥13 years). DESIGN A population-based retrospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Taiwan's National Health Insurance medical claims. PARTICIPANTS 4007 patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were identified during 1999-2012. OUTCOME MEASURES Acute complications included diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hypoglycaemia. Chronic complications were cardiovascular diseases (CVD), retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. RESULTS The incidence density of retinopathy was greatest (97.74 per 1000 person-years), followed by those of nephropathy (31.36), neuropathy (23.93) and CVD (4.39). Among acute complications, the incidence density of DKA was greatest (121.11 per 1000 person-years). The cumulative incidences of acute complications after 12 years following diagnosis were estimated to be 52.1%, 36.1% and 4.1% for DKA, outpatient hypoglycaemia and hospitalised hypoglycaemia, respectively. For chronic complications, the cumulative incidence of retinopathy after 12 years following diagnosis was greatest (65.2%), followed by those of nephropathy (30.2%), neuropathy (23.7%) and CVD (4.1%). Females with late-onset diabetes were greatly affected by advanced retinopathy (ie, sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy) and hospitalised hypoglycaemia, whereas those with early-onset diabetes were more vulnerable to DKA. Chronic complications were more commonly seen in late-onset diabetes, whereas early-onset diabetes were most affected by acute complications. CONCLUSIONS Ethnic Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes were greatly affected by DKA and retinopathy. The incidence of diabetes-related complications differed by age at diagnosis and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Tz Ou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Lee
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jie Sun
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Dou-Liou, Taiwan
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Prevalence and the risk factors for visual impairment in age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:846-855. [PMID: 28548646 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo characterize the type, and the causes of visual impairment (VI) in various stages of early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the factors associated with visual impairment in subjects with AMDMethods6617 subjects ≥60 years were enumerated; 5495 (83.04%) participated in eye examination. Of which, 4791 subjects had gradable fundus images. AMD was graded per International ARM Epidemiological Study Group. Subjects underwent detailed ophthalmic exam. VI was defined per the WHO classification. Mild VI was defined as VA less than 6/12 to 6/18, moderate VI-VA less than 6/18 but up to 6/60, severe VI-VA less than 6/60 but up to 3/60 and legal blindness-VA worse than 3/60. Factors associated with VI in AMD was analyzed with univariate and logistic regression analysis.ResultsNine hundred and eighty-eight subjects were identified as having AMD (893 with early AMD and 95 with late AMD); 85% of the subjects (95% CI: 82.7-87.1) had no VI, 13.1% had mild VI (95% CI: 11.1-15.3), 0.8% had severe VI (95% CI: 0.4-1.6), 1.1% had legal blindness (95% CI: 0.6-1.9). Prevalence of any VI was 13.7% in early AMD and 27.4% in late AMD, P=0.0004; age group 65-70 years (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.16-3.08, P=0.011), and those ≥75 years (OR=3.67, 95% CI: 1.95-6.91, P=0.0001) had greater odds of VI compared with age group 60-64 years. Male gender was a protective factor for VI (OR=0.57, CI: 0.36-0.90, P=0.016). Cataract (31.8%) and refractive error (28.4%) accounted for a majority of the VI.ConclusionsCataract and refractive error account for a significant proportion of VI in the south Indian population with AMD. Early AMD is the third leading cause of VI. Greater age and female gender are associated with VI in subjects with AMD.
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The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in underserved rural areas: a crucial issue for future. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:1221-1228. [PMID: 28430177 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo determine the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in underserved Iranian villages and to identify the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness.Patients and methodsMultistage cluster sampling was used to select the participants who were then invited to undergo complete examinations. Optometric examinations including visual acuity, and refraction were performed for all individuals. Ophthalmic examinations included slit-lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. Visual impairment was determined according to the definitions of the WHO and presenting vision.ResultsOf 3851 selected individuals, 3314 (86.5%) participated in the study. After using the exclusion criteria, the present report was prepared based on the data of 3095 participants. The mean age of the participants was 37.6±20.7 years (3-93 years). The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness was 6.43% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.71-9.14) and 1.18% (95% CI: 0.56-1.79), respectively. The prevalence of visual impairment varied from 0.75% in participants aged less than 5 years to 38.36% in individuals above the age of 70 years. Uncorrected refractive errors and cataract were the first and second leading causes of visual impairment; moreover, cataract and refractive errors were responsible for 35.90 and 20.51% of the cases of blindness, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of visual impairment was markedly high in this study. Lack of access to health services was the main reason for the high prevalence of visual impairment in this study. Cataract and refractive errors are responsible for 80% of visual impairments which can be due to poverty in underserved villages.
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Foreman J, Keel S, van Wijngaarden P, Taylor HR, Dirani M. Recruitment and Testing Protocol in the National Eye Health Survey: A Population-Based Eye Study in Australia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2017; 24:353-363. [DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1296166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Foreman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart Keel
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugh R. Taylor
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
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Tong Y, Zhou YL, Wang YX, Zhao PQ, Wang ZY. Retinal pigment epithelium cell-derived exosomes: Possible relevance to CNV in wet-age related macular degeneration. Med Hypotheses 2016; 97:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kurt A, Öktem Ç, Karabıçak Acer A, Kocamış Ö, Taşdemir S. Necessity of Periodic Ophthalmological Examinations in Binocular B Class Driving Licence Holders Over 50 Years of Age. Turk J Ophthalmol 2016; 46:73-76. [PMID: 27800264 PMCID: PMC5082253 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.76258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether binocular B class driving licence (BBCDL) holders over 50 years old are in compliance with the BBCDL criteria for visual acuity, to determine the age-based prevalence of ophthalmological disorders reducing visual acuity in this group, and to investigate whether periodic ophthalmological examinations are needed in licence holders over 50 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study enrolled 451 adults over 50 years old having a BBCDL. The study subjects were categorized into 3 age groups as group 1 (51-60 years), group 2 (61-70 years), and group 3 (over 71 years). RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 60.02±7.27 years; 338 (74.9%) were male and 113 (25.1%) were female. The BBCDL criteria were met by 353 (78.3%) subjects whereas 98 (21.7%) subjects did not meet them. Eighty-four (85.7%) of 98 patients not meeting BBCDL criteria still drove. The mean age of the subjects meeting BBCDL criteria (58.82±6.77 years) was significantly lower than the subjects not meeting them (64.34±7.40 years) (p<0.001). The most common pathologies in the individuals still driving despite not meeting BBCDL criteria were senile cataract (38.5%) and diabetic retinopathy (23.1%) in group 1, senile cataract (55.3%) and diabetic retinopathy (14.9%) in group 2, and senile cataract (63.6%) and senile macular degeneration+senile cataract (18.2%) in group 3. CONCLUSION More than a fifth of individuals over 50 years old did not meet the BBCDL criteria, due predominantly to senile cataract, and the majority of these individuals continue to drive. Therefore, we believe that individuals over 50 years old who have a BBCDL should undergo periodic ophthalmological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kurt
- Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Çağlar Öktem
- Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Karabıçak Acer
- Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Özkan Kocamış
- Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Taşdemir
- Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Bourne RRA, Taylor HR, Flaxman SR, Keeffe J, Leasher J, Naidoo K, Pesudovs K, White RA, Wong TY, Resnikoff S, Jonas JB. Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Glaucoma Worldwide and in World Regions 1990 - 2010: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162229. [PMID: 27764086 PMCID: PMC5072735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the number of individuals visually impaired or blind due to glaucoma and to examine regional differences and temporal changes in this parameter for the period from 1990 to 2012. Methods As part of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2010, we performed a systematic literature review for the period from 1980 to 2012. We primarily identified 14,908 relevant manuscripts, out of which 243 high-quality, population-based studies remained after review by an expert panel that involved application of selection criteria that dwelt on population representativeness and clarity of visual acuity methods used. Sixty-six specified the proportion attributable to glaucoma. The software tool DisMod-MR (Disease Modeling–Metaregression) of the GBD was used to calculate fraction of vision impairment due to glaucoma. Results In 2010, 2.1 million (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI):1.9,2.6) people were blind, and 4.2 (95% UI:3.7,5.8) million were visually impaired due to glaucoma. Glaucoma caused worldwide 6.6% (95% UI:5.9,7.9) of all blindness in 2010 and 2.2% (95% UI:2.0,2.8) of all moderate and severe visual impairment (MSVI). These figures were lower in regions with younger populations (<5% in South Asia) than in high-income regions with relatively old populations (>10%). From 1990 to 2010, the number of blind or visually impaired due to glaucoma increased by 0.8 million (95%UI:0.7, 1.1) or 62% and by 2.3 million (95%UI:2.1,3.5) or 83%, respectively. Percentage of global blindness caused by glaucoma increased between 1990 and 2010 from 4.4% (4.0,5.1) to 6.6%. Age-standardized prevalence of glaucoma related blindness and MSVI did not differ markedly between world regions nor between women. Significance By 2010, one out of 15 blind people was blind due to glaucoma, and one of 45 visually impaired people was visually impaired, highlighting the increasing global burden of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert R. A. Bourne
- Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Hugh R. Taylor
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seth R. Flaxman
- School of Computer Science & Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Janet Leasher
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kovin Naidoo
- African Vision Research Institute, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa & Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Konrad Pesudovs
- NHMRC Centre for Clinical Eye Research, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard A. White
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Tong Y, Zhao KK, Feng D, Biswal M, Zhao PQ, Wang ZY, Zhang Y. Comparison of the efficacy of anti-VEGF monotherapy versus PDT and intravitreal anti-VEGF combination treatment in AMD: a Meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1028-37. [PMID: 27500113 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.07.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monotherapy versus photodynamic therapy (PDT) and anti-VEGF combination treatment in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A computerized online search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Studies that compared anti-VEGF monotherapy with PDT and anti-VEGF combination treatment of AMD and were designed as randomized controlled trials were included. The means and standard deviations of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), number of treatments and proportions of patients who gained BCVA ≥15, 10, 5, or 0 letters at 12(th) month were extracted. A systematic review and Meta-analysis of the comparison of the two approaches was conducted using Review Manager 5.2. Subgroup. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS Eight studies were included. When the subgroup and sensitivity analysis was conducted, the results indicated that in the findings that included the monotherapy group and PDT (standard fluence, SF) group of Kaiser's study, the patients in the monotherapy group had a better BCVA compared with the combination group at 12(th) month in the PDT (SF) subgroup [weighted mean difference (WMD): 3.54; 95%CI: 0.36 to 6.73; P=0.03], and there were more patients who gained ≥15 letters of BCVA in the monotherapy group compared with the combination group in the total result [odds ratio (OR): 1.41; 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.95; P=0.04]. The same conclusion was obtained in the total result that included the monotherapy group and PDT (reduced fluence, RF) group of Kaiser's study (OR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.13 to 2.15; P=0.007). However, there were no significant differences in the other indexes between the two therapies. CONCLUSION We found that anti-VEGF monotherapy is more effective on the recovery of visual acuity than combination therapy and more researches with lager sample size should be performed to study on the effect of the two therapy approaches on CRT and number of injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ke-Ke Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Dong Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Manas Biswal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, Florida, USA
| | - Pei-Quan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
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Andrews R, Wyver S. Autistic tendencies: Are there different pathways for blindness and Autism Spectrum Disorder? BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619605054776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For many of the children who are blind and who also display features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) it is possible that their characteristics, while being representative of ASD, actually follow a different pathway to those children who have ASD and are sighted. It is proposed that these children should be viewed as having specific features rather than being a part of the collective of ASD. This article explores this issue by comparing the criteria for ASD with behaviours of both children who are sighted and those who are blind. Additionally, the diagnoses of blindness associated with neurological involvement and early medical complications are discussed. The effectiveness of intervention strategies and programmes is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Andrews
- Institute of Early Childhood, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Shirley Wyver
- Institute of Early Childhood, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia,
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Prins D, Plank T, Baseler HA, Gouws AD, Beer A, Morland AB, Greenlee MW, Cornelissen FW. Surface-Based Analyses of Anatomical Properties of the Visual Cortex in Macular Degeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146684. [PMID: 26789126 PMCID: PMC4720282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macular degeneration (MD) can cause a central visual field defect. In a previous study, we found volumetric reductions along the entire visual pathways of MD patients, possibly indicating degeneration of inactive neuronal tissue. This may have important implications. In particular, new therapeutic strategies to restore retinal function rely on intact visual pathways and cortex to reestablish visual function. Here we reanalyze the data of our previous study using surface-based morphometry (SBM) rather than voxel-based morphometry (VBM). This can help determine the robustness of the findings and will lead to a better understanding of the nature of neuroanatomical changes associated with MD. Methods The metrics of interest were acquired by performing SBM analysis on T1-weighted MRI data acquired from 113 subjects: patients with juvenile MD (JMD; n = 34), patients with age-related MD (AMD; n = 24) and healthy age-matched controls (HC; n = 55). Results Relative to age-matched controls, JMD patients showed a thinner cortex, a smaller cortical surface area and a lower grey matter volume in V1 and V2, while AMD patients showed thinning of the cortex in V2. Neither patient group showed a significant difference in mean curvature of the visual cortex. Discussion The thinner cortex, smaller surface area and lower grey matter volume in the visual cortex of JMD patients are consistent with our previous results showing a volumetric reduction in their visual cortex. Finding comparable results using two rather different analysis techniques suggests the presence of marked cortical degeneration in the JMD patients. In the AMD patients, we found a thinner cortex in V2 but not in V1. In contrast to our previous VBM analysis, SBM revealed no volumetric reductions of the visual cortex. This suggests that the cortical changes in AMD patients are relatively subtle, as they apparently can be missed by one of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doety Prins
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (DP); (FWC)
| | - Tina Plank
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heidi A. Baseler
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroscience, Hull-York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
| | - André D. Gouws
- Centre for Neuroscience, Hull-York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Beer
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antony B. Morland
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Centre for Neuroscience, Hull-York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Greenlee
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frans W. Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (DP); (FWC)
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Razavi H, Copeland SP, Turner AW. Increasing the impact of teleophthalmology in Australia: Analysis of structural and economic drivers in a state service. Aust J Rural Health 2016; 25:45-52. [DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hessom Razavi
- Lions Eye Institute; Perth Western Australia Australia
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Vijaya L, George R, Asokan R, Velumuri L, Ramesh SV. Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in an urban population: The Chennai Glaucoma Study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2015; 62:477-81. [PMID: 23619490 PMCID: PMC4064227 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in an urban south Indian population. Settings and Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Exactly 3850 subjects aged 40 years and above from Chennai city were examined at a dedicated facility in the base hospital. Materials and Methods: All subjects had a complete ophthalmic examination that included best-corrected visual acuity. Low vision and blindness were defined using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The influence of age, gender, literacy, and occupation was assessed using multiple logistic regression. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test, t-test, and multivariate analysis were used. Results: Of the 4800 enumerated subjects, 3850 subjects (1710 males, 2140 females) were examined (response rate, 80.2%). The prevalence of blindness was 0.85% (95% CI 0.6–1.1%) and was positively associated with age and illiteracy. Cataract was the leading cause (57.6%) and glaucoma was the second cause (16.7%) for blindness. The prevalence of low vision was 2.9% (95% CI 2.4–3.4%) and visual impairment (blindness + low vision) was 3.8% (95% CI 3.2–4.4%). The primary causes for low vision were refractive errors (68%) and cataract (22%). Conclusions: In this urban population based study, cataract was the leading cause for blindness and refractive error was the main reason for low vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingam Vijaya
- Department of Glaucoma Project, Chennai Glaucoma Study, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chong EW, Wang Y, Robman LD, Aung KZ, Makeyeva GA, Giles GG, Graves S, Cicuttini FM, Guymer RH. Age Related Macular Degeneration and Total Hip Replacement Due to Osteoarthritis or Fracture: Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137322. [PMID: 26355683 PMCID: PMC4565671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of total hip replacement, accounting for more than 80% of all total hip replacements. Emerging evidence suggests that osteoarthritis has a chronic inflammatory component to its pathogenesis similar to age-related macular degeneration. We evaluated the association between age-related macular degeneration and total hip replacement as proxy for severe osteoarthritis or fractured neck of femur in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. 20,744 participants had complete data on both age-related macular degeneration assessed from colour fundus photographs taken during 2003–2007 and total hip replacement. Total hip replacements due to hip osteoarthritis and fractured neck of femur during 2001–2011 were identified by linking the cohort records to the Australian Orthopedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between age-related macular degeneration and risk of total hip replacement due to osteoarthritis and fracture separately, adjusted for confounders. There were 791 cases of total hip replacement for osteoarthritis and 102 cases of total hip replacement due to fractured neck of femur. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and grouped country of birth, intermediate age-related macular degeneration was directly associated with total hip replacement for osteoarthritis (odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.00–1.49). Late age-related macular degeneration was directly associated with total hip replacement due to fractured neck of femur (odds ratio 5.21, 95% CI2.25–12.02). The association between intermediate age-related macular degeneration and an increased 10-year incidence of total hip replacement due to osteoarthritis suggests the possibility of similar inflammatory processes underlying both chronic diseases. The association of late age-related macular degeneration with an increased 10-year incidence of total hip replacement due to fractured neck of femur may be due to an increased prevalence of fractures in those with poor central vision associated with the late complications of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine W. Chong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liubov D. Robman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khin Zaw Aung
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Galina A. Makeyeva
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Graves
- Department of Orthopaedic, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health & Clinical Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Flavia M. Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn H. Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA), The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lee SSY, Wood JM, Black AA. Blur, eye movements and performance on a driving visual recognition slide test. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015; 35:522-9. [PMID: 26189873 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optical blur and ageing are known to affect driving performance but their effects on drivers' eye movements are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of optical blur and age on eye movement patterns and performance on the DriveSafe slide recognition test which is purported to predict fitness to drive. METHODS Twenty young (27.1 ± 4.6 years) and 20 older (73.3 ± 5.7 years) visually normal drivers performed the DriveSafe under two visual conditions: best-corrected vision and with +2.00 DS blur. The DriveSafe is a Visual Recognition Slide Test that consists of brief presentations of static, real-world driving scenes containing different road users (pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles). Participants reported the types, relative positions and direction of travel of the road users in each image; the score was the number of correctly reported items (maximum score of 128). Eye movements were recorded while participants performed the DriveSafe test using a Tobii TX300 eye tracking system. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of blur on DriveSafe scores (best-corrected: 114.9 vs blur: 93.2; p < 0.001). There was also a significant age and blur interaction on the DriveSafe scores (p < 0.001) such that the young drivers were more negatively affected by blur than the older drivers (reductions of 22% and 13% respectively; p < 0.001): with best-corrected vision, the young drivers performed better than the older drivers (DriveSafe scores: 118.4 vs 111.5; p = 0.001), while with blur, the young drivers performed worse than the older drivers (88.6 vs 95.9; p = 0.009). For the eye movement patterns, blur significantly reduced the number of fixations on road users (best-corrected: 5.1 vs blur: 4.5; p < 0.001), fixation duration on road users (2.0 s vs 1.8 s; p < 0.001) and saccade amplitudes (7.4° vs 6.7°; p < 0.001). A main effect of age on eye movements was also found where older drivers made smaller saccades than the young drivers (6.7° vs 7.4°; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Blur reduced DriveSafe scores for both age groups and this effect was greater for the young drivers. The decrease in number of fixations and fixation duration on road users, as well as the reduction in saccade amplitudes under the blurred condition, highlight the difficulty experienced in performing the task in the presence of optical blur, which suggests that uncorrected refractive errors may have a detrimental impact on aspects of driving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sze-Yee Lee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joanne M Wood
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander A Black
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Dawes P, Dickinson C, Emsley R, Bishop P, Cruickshanks KJ, Edmondson-Jones M, McCormack A, Fortnum H, Moore DR, Norman P, Munro K. Author's reply: To PMID 24888710. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2014; 35:107-8. [PMID: 25532549 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piers Dawes
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Qiu M, Wang SY, Singh K, Lin SC. Racial disparities in uncorrected and undercorrected refractive error in the United States. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6996-7005. [PMID: 25249602 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk factors for inadequately corrected refractive error in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 12,758 participants 12 years of age and older from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals with inadequate refractive correction for whom refractive correction would result in a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The primary predictor was race/ethnicity. Secondary predictors included age, sex, annual household income, education, insurance, type of refractive error, current corrective lens use, presenting and best corrected visual acuity, cataract surgery, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. RESULTS Overall, 50.6% of subjects had a refractive error which was correctable to 20/40 or better with refraction. The percentage of subjects with correctable refractive error who were inadequately corrected was 11.7%. Odds of inadequate refractive correction were significantly greater in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks than in their non-Hispanic white counterparts in all age groups, with the greatest disparity in the 12- to 19-year-old group. Other risk factors associated with inadequate refractive correction in adults but not in teenagers included low annual household income, low education, and lack of health insurance. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities in refractive error correction were most pronounced in those under 20 years of age, as well as in adults with low annual household income, low education level, and lack of health insurance. Targeted efforts to provide culturally appropriate education, accessible vision screening, appropriate refractive correction, and routine follow-up to these medically underserved groups should be pursued as a public health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sophia Y Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Shan C Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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Cruz-González F, Cieza-Borrella C, López Valverde G, Lorenzo-Pérez R, Hernández-Galilea E, González-Sarmiento R. CFH (rs1410996), HTRA1 (rs112000638) and ARMS2 (rs10490923) gene polymorphisms are associated with AMD risk in Spanish patients. Ophthalmic Genet 2014; 35:68-73. [PMID: 23534868 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2013.781193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of legal blindness in the western adult population. We investigated the association between SNPs located in CFH, ARMS2 and HTRA1 and AMD in Spanish patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We obtained peripheral blood samples from 121 patients with a diagnosis of AMD (84 exudative and 37 atrophic) at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Salamanca. We took 91 subjects as a control group. We studied a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in each patient for each of the genes associated with high susceptibility to developing AMD using Real-time PCR with TaqMan probes for CFH and ARMS2 polymorphisms and PCR-RFLP for HTRA1 polymorphism. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant difference between patients and controls in the distribution of CFH rs1410996 genotypes, patients homozygous for the C-allele have twice the risk of developing the disease (p = 0.010; OR = 2,176 (1.194-3.964)). The analysis of ARMS2 rs10490923 polymorphism also showed differences in allelic distribution between the case and control groups (p < 0.001). Carriers of the T-allele appear more frequently in the group of patients (p < 0.001; O = 3.340 (1.848-6.060)). Our results also confirm significant differences in the distribution of HTRA1 rs112000638 polymorphism with an increased representation of the G-allele in the patient's group (p < 0.001; OR = 6.254(3.463-12.280)). Our study also indicates that TTGG ARMS2/HTRA1 (rs10490923/rs112000638) haplotype increases the risk of developing AMD by 9 times. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that genotypes of ARMS2 (rs10490923), HTRA1 (rs112000638) and CFH (rs1410996) polymorphisms are related to an increased risk of suffering AMD in Spanish patients.
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Dawes P, Dickinson C, Emsley R, Bishop PN, Cruickshanks KJ, Edmondson-Jones M, McCormack A, Fortnum H, Moore DR, Norman P, Munro K. Vision impairment and dual sensory problems in middle age. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2014; 34:479-88. [PMID: 24888710 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vision and hearing impairments are known to increase in middle age. In this study we describe the prevalence of vision impairment and dual sensory impairment in UK adults aged 40-69 years in a very large and recently ascertained data set. The associations between vision impairment, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity are reported. METHODS This research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource, with subsets of UK Biobank data analysed with respect to self-report of eye problems and glasses use. Better-eye visual acuity with habitually worn refractive correction was assessed with a logMAR chart (n = 116,682). Better-ear speech reception threshold was measured with an adaptive speech in noise test, the Digit Triplet Test (n = 164,770). Prevalence estimates were weighted with respect to UK 2001 Census data. RESULTS Prevalence of mild visual impairment (VA >0.1 logMAR (6/7.5, 20/25) and ≥0.48 (6/18, 20/60)) and low vision (VA >0.48 (6/18, 20/60) and ≥1.3 (6/120, 20/400)) was estimated at 13.1% (95% CI 12.9-13.4) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.7-0.9), respectively. Use of glasses was 88.0% (95% CI 87.9-88.1). The prevalence of dual sensory impairment was 3.1% (95% CI 3.0-3.2) and there was a nine-fold increase in the prevalence of dual sensory problems between the youngest and oldest age groups. Older adults, those from low socioeconomic and ethnic minority backgrounds were most at risk for vision problems. CONCLUSIONS Mild vision impairment is common in middle aged UK adults, despite widespread use of spectacles. Increased likelihood of vision impairment with older age and with ethnic minorities is of concern given ageing and more ethnically diverse populations. Possible barriers to optometric care for those from low socioeconomic and ethnic minority backgrounds may require attention. A higher than expected prevalence of dual impairment suggests that hearing and vision problems share common causes. Optometrists should consider screening for hearing problems, particularly among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers Dawes
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Zhang XY, Guo XF, Zhang SD, He JN, Sun CY, Zou Y, Bi HS, Qu Y. Comparison of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:355-64. [PMID: 24790885 PMCID: PMC4003097 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety between bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, case-control and cohort studies that compared bevacizumab and ranibizumab using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. After the related data were extracted by two investigators independently, pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model. RESULTS A total of four RCTs involving 1927 patients and eleven retrospective case series involving 2296 patients were included. For the primary outcomes, no significant differences were found between ranibizumab group and bevacizumab group in visual acuity (WMD: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.08 to 0.00; P=0.06), best corrected visual acuity (WMD: -0.05; 95%CI: -0.10 to 0.00; P=0.05), retina thickness (WMD: -4.69; 95%CI: -13.15 to 3.76; P=0.86) and foveal thickness (WMD: 10.91; 95%CI: -14.73 to 36.56; P=0.40). The pooled analyses in the evaluation of safety showed that compared to bevacizumab, ranibizumab was associated with decreased risks of ocular inflammation (RR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.89; P=0.02) and venous thrombotic events (RR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.08 to 0.89; P=0.03). However, there were no significant differences observed in deaths (P=0.69) and arterial thromboembolic events (P=0.71) between the two groups. CONCLUSION With equal clinical efficacy, ranibizumab was found to be associated with less adverse events compared to bevacizumab, indicating that ranibizumab might be a safer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing-Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cao-Yu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yin Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han-Si Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110031, Liaoning Province, China
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Rabin DM, Rabin RL, Blenkinsop TA, Temple S, Stern JH. Chronic oxidative stress upregulates Drusen-related protein expression in adult human RPE stem cell-derived RPE cells: a novel culture model for dry AMD. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:51-66. [PMID: 23257616 PMCID: PMC3616231 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to examine changes in the expression of transcripts and proteins associated with drusen in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) after exposing human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells to chronic oxidative stress. METHODS Primary adult human RPE cells were isolated from cadaveric donor eyes. The subpopulation of RPE stem cells (RPESCs) was activated, expanded, and then differentiated into RPE progeny. Confluent cultures of RPESC-derived hRPE and ARPE-19 cells were exposed to a regimen of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) for 1-5 days. After treatment, gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry and transepithelial resistance and cell toxicity were measured. RESULTS hRPE cells exposed to a regimen of TBHP for 5 days upregulate expression of several molecules identified in drusen, including molecular chaperones and pro-angiogenic factors. 5-day TBHP treatment was significantly more effective than 1-day treatment at eliciting these effects. The extent of hRPE response to 5-day treatment varied significantly between individual donors, nevertheless, 6 transcripts were reliably significantly upregulated. ARPE-19 cells treated with the same 5-day stress regime did not show the same pattern of response and did not upregulate this group of transcripts. CONCLUSIONS RPESC-derived hRPE cells change significantly when exposed to repeated oxidative stress conditions, upregulating expression of several drusen-related proteins and transcripts. This is consistent with the hypothesis that hRPE cells are competent to be a source of proteins found in drusen deposits. Our results suggest that donor-specific genetic and environmental factors influence the RPE stress response. ARPE-19 cells appear to be less representative of AMD-like changes than RPESC-derived hRPE. This adult stem cell-based system using chronic TBHP treatment of hRPE represents a novel in vitro model useful for the study of drusen formation and dry AMD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rabin
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany NY 12208, USA
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Robinson B, Feng Y, Woods CA, Fonn D, Gold D, Gordon K. Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Uncorrected Refractive Error – Report from a Canadian Urban Population-based Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2013; 20:123-30. [DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2013.789915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chriqui E, Kergoat MJ, Champoux N, Leclerc BS, Kergoat H. Visual Acuity in Institutionalized Seniors With Moderate to Severe Dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14:275-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Anjou MD, Boudville AI, Taylor HR. Correcting Indigenous Australians' refractive error and presbyopia. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 41:320-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Anjou
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit; Melbourne School of Population Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
| | - Andrea I Boudville
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit; Melbourne School of Population Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
| | - Hugh R Taylor
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit; Melbourne School of Population Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
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Cruz-González F, Lorenzo-Pérez R, Cañete-Campos C, Hernández-Galilea E, González-Sarmiento R. Influence of CFH, HTRA1 and ARMS2 haplotype polymorphisms in the development of age-related macular disease. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2013; 88:3-10. [PMID: 23414945 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate genetic influence on the onset of age-related macular disease (AMD), analyzing genotype distribution of haplotypes, including polymorphisms of genes with proved relationships with AMD risk (CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1) in patients with AMD and in healthy people. METHODS We took 101 consecutive patients with an AMD diagnosis following Wisconsin international classification. For our control group, we took 91 patients without AMD or any significant macular changes. We analyzed CFH rs1410996, ARMS2rs 10940923 polymorphisms using real time PCR with taqman probes, and HTRA1 -625 using restriction endonuclease digestion. We studied haplotypes by simultaneously combining genotypes which, in previous studies, had been shown to have relationship with AMD (CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1) in patients with AMD and healthy people. RESULTS There was a statistically significant higher proportion of patients with AMD simultaneously expressing CFH GG (rs1410996) and ARMS2 TT (rs10940923) (P=.037; OR: 7.742 [1.010-63.156]); ARMS2 TT (rs10940923) and HTRA1-625 TT (P=.001; OR: 9.006 [2.019-40.168]) and CFH GG (rs1410996), ARMS2 TT (rs1040923) and HTRA1 -625 GG (P=.043; OR: 6.702 [1.003-55.565]) genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Haplotypes which combine "risk genotypes", demonstrated in previous studies, of our analyzed polymorphisms are more frequent in patients with AMD than in the control group, and they seem to increase the risk of suffering the disease in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cruz-González
- Servicio de Oftlamología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Khalaj M, Barikani A, Ghasemi H. Eye disorders in old people. Glob J Health Sci 2012; 5:79-86. [PMID: 23283039 PMCID: PMC4776979 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n1p79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Visual impairment is one of a major public health problem among elderly people. Object: Aim of this study was determining the prevalence of visual impairment in median and old peoples in Qazvin (Iran). Method: In this cross sectional study, with a simple random sampling, 446 patients older than 5o years who were referred to outpatient ophthalmology clinics at Avecina hospital of Qazvin (a province of Iran) in 2010 were enrolled. Participants first complete a questionnaire with 25 questions toward demographic and past medical history and then were examined by ophthalmologist. These examinations includes direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp examination, measurement of uncorrected visual acuity and visual acuity with current glasses, lensometery of the previous glasses, refraction with and without the use of cycloplegic and determining the best corrected visual acuity. All slit lamp examinations were performed by the same ophthalmologist. Data were analyzed with SPSS16 with use of Chi – Square test with Pvalue <0.05. Results: In this study 446 patients were examined that 54.7% were male. Mean age of study population was 62+-9.3 years old. 96.4% of participants had refractory disorder. Prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were 33.6%, 45.9% and 16.8% respectively. Of patients 17.4% had diabetes. Of participants 28.9% had temporal headache, 37% red eye, 41.2% flashing, 27.3% and 28% had dryness and discharge of eye respectively. 31.1% of participants had eyelide problem, 4.7% Color Vision Deficiency (CVD) and 3.8% had family history of CVD. Of total 4.5% had glaucoma, 3.3% macular degeneration and 21.7% had hypertension. 0.6% of population had macular degeneration, 0.4% of population had glaucoma Of 892 eyes (446 individuals), 36.2% had visual acuity less than 7/10, 1.7% light perception (LP) and 0.22% no light perception (NLP) and 2.7% finger count. Conclusion: Refractory errors, cataract and amblyopia were most important eye disorders in older people in Qazvin.
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