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Abstract
Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that show complex life cycles, including both anamorph and teleomorph stages. Beta-1,3-1,6-glucans (BGs) are major cell wall components in fungi. BGs are also found in a soluble form and are secreted by fungal cells. Studies of fungal BGs extensively expanded from 1960 to 1990 due to their applications in cancer immunotherapy. However, progress in this field slowed down due to the low efficacy of such therapies. In the early 21st century, the discovery of C-type lectin receptors significantly enhanced the molecular understanding of innate immunity. Moreover, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were also discovered. Soon, dectin-1 was identified as the PRR of BGs, whereas BGs were established as PAMPs. Then, studies on fungal BGs focused on their participation in the development of deep-seated mycoses and on their role as a source of functional foods. Fungal BGs may have numerous and complex linkages, making it difficult to systematize them even at the primary structure level. Moreover, elucidating the structure of BGs is largely hindered by the multiplicity of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, including those for BGs, and by fungal diversity. The present review mainly focused on the characteristics of fungal BGs from the viewpoint of structure and immunological activities.
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Lee S, Ki CS. Inflammatory responses of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells in a 3D hydrogel matrix to ultrasonicated schizophyllan. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Huang HH, Lee YC, Chen CY. Effects of burns on gut motor and mucosa functions. Neuropeptides 2018; 72:47-57. [PMID: 30269923 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzed the published studies on the effects of thermal injury on gastrointestinal motility and mucosal damage. Our strategy was to integrate all available evidence to provide a complete review on the prokinetic properties of variable reagents and the potential clinical treatment of mucosal damage and gastrointestinal dysmotility after thermal injury. We classified the studies into two major groups: studies on gastrointestinal dysmotility and studies on mucosal damage. We also subclassified the studies into 3 parts: stomach, small intestine, and colon. This review shows evidence that ghrelin can recover burn-induced delay in gastric emptying and small intestinal transit, and can protect the gastric mucosa from burn-induced injury. Oxytocin and β-glucan reduced the serum inflammatory mediators, and histological change and mucosal damage indicators, but did not show evidence of having the ability to recover gastrointestinal motility. Using a combination of different reagents to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa against damage and to recover gastrointestinal motility is an alternative treatment for thermal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Guishan, Taiwan.
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Liu F, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen Q, Liu F, Zhu X, Mei L, Song X, Liu X, Song Z, Zhang J, Zhang W, Ling P, Wang F. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Mytilus coruscus α-d-Glucan (MP-A) in Activated Macrophage Cells via TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090294. [PMID: 28930149 PMCID: PMC5618433 DOI: 10.3390/md15090294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) has been used as Chinese traditional medicine for thousands of years; however, to date the ingredients responsible for the various beneficial health outcomes attributed to Mytilus coruscus are still unclear. An α-d-Glucan, called MP-A, was isolated from Mytilus coruscus, and observed to exert anti-inflammatory activity in THP-1 human macrophage cells. Specifically, we showed that MP-A treatment inhibited the production of inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, NO, and PGE2, inducible NOS (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in LPS-activated THP-1 cells. It was also shown to enhance phagocytosis in the analyzed cells, but to severely inhibit the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65. Finally, MP-A was found to exhibit a high binding affinity for the cell surface receptor TLR4, but a low affinity for TLR2 and dectin-1, via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. The study indicates that MP-A suppresses LPS-induced TNF-α, NO and PEG2 production via TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway inhibition, and suggests that MP-A may be a promising therapeutic candidate for diseases associated with TNF-α, NO, and/or PEG2 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiqiang Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Li Mei
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xinlei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250101, China. or
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. or
| | - Fengshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Liu F, Zhang X, Ling P, Liao J, Zhao M, Mei L, Shao H, Jiang P, Song Z, Chen Q, Wang F. Immunomodulatory effects of xanthan gum in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Du B, Lin C, Bian Z, Xu B. An insight into anti-inflammatory effects of fungal beta-glucans. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Batbayar S, Lee DH, Kim HW. Immunomodulation of Fungal β-Glucan in Host Defense Signaling by Dectin-1. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 20:433-45. [PMID: 24009832 PMCID: PMC3762275 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.5.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, animals encountered the harmful effects of fungi, which are strong pathogens. Therefore, they have developed powerful mechanisms to protect themselves against these fungal invaders. β-Glucans are glucose polymers of a linear β(1,3)-glucan backbone with β(1,6)-linked side chains. The immunostimulatory and antitumor activities of β-glucans have been reported; however, their mechanisms have only begun to be elucidated. Fungal and particulate β-glucans, despite their large size, can be taken up by the M cells of Peyer's patches, and interact with macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) and activate systemic immune responses to overcome the fungal infection. The sampled β-glucans function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells. Dectin-1 receptor systems have been incorporated as the PRRs of β-glucans in the innate immune cells of higher animal systems, which function on the front line against fungal infection, and have been exploited in cancer treatments to enhance systemic immune function. Dectin-1 on macrophages and DCs performs dual functions: internalization of β-glucan-containing particles and transmittance of its signals into the nucleus. This review will depict in detail how the physicochemical nature of β-glucan contributes to its immunostimulating effect in hosts and the potential uses of β-glucan by elucidating the dectin-1 signal transduction pathway. The elucidation of β-glucan and its signaling pathway will undoubtedly open a new research area on its potential therapeutic applications, including as immunostimulants for antifungal and anti-cancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainkhuu Batbayar
- Department of Life Sciences, BK21 Cellular Stress Team, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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Ogawa Y, Noda K, Kimura S, Kitaoka M, Wada M. Facile preparation of highly crystalline lamellae of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan using an extract of Euglena gracilis. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 64:415-9. [PMID: 24374085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro synthesis of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan was performed using laminaribiose phosphorylase obtained by an extraction of Euglena gracilis with sucrose phosphorylase. The synthetic product was a linear (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan with a narrow distribution of degree of polymerization (DP) centered on DP=30. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy revealed that the glucan molecules obtained were self-organized as highly crystalline hexagonal lamellae. This synthetic product has quite high structural homogeneity at every level from primary to higher-order structure, which is a great advantage for the detailed analyses of physiological functions of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ogawa
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noda
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-ku, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Motomitsu Kitaoka
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Masahisa Wada
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-ku, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Cui SW, Wang Q, Zhang M. β-Glucans. RENEWABLE RESOURCES FOR FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS AND BIOMATERIALS 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733519-00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans occur widely in plants, fungi and bacteria as structural components. The current chapter focused on β-glucans from cereals, mushrooms and some microorganism-produced β-glucans, such as curdlan, in terms of their sources, structural features, conformational and physicochemical properties, bioactivity and related health benefits. The effects of structure, molecular weight and conformation on the functionality of these β-glucans were discussed and their structure–function relationships were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W. Cui
- Guelph Food Research Centre 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Food Research Centre 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Mei Zhang
- Guelph Food Research Centre 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
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Iorio E, Torosantucci A, Bromuro C, Chiani P, Ferretti A, Giannini M, Cassone A, Podo F. Candida albicans cell wall comprises a branched β-d-(1→6)-glucan with β-d-(1→3)-side chains. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1050-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tada R, Harada T, Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Nakajima M, Yadomae T, Ohno N. NMR characterization of the structure of a beta-(1-->3)-D-glucan isolate from cultured fruit bodies of Sparassis crispa. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2611-8. [PMID: 17868661 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SCG, a purified beta-d-glucan, obtained from Sparassis crispa, exhibits various biological activities including an antitumor effect, enhancement of the hematopoietic response in cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenic mice, and induction of the production of cytokines. The mechanisms of these effects have been extensively investigated; however, an unambiguous structural characterization of SCG is yet to be achieved. It is well accepted that the biological effects of beta-glucan depend on its primary structures, conformation, and molecular weight. In the present study, we examine the difference of biological effects among beta-glucans, elucidate the primary structure of SCG, and compare with SPG from Schizophyllum commune using NMR spectroscopy. Our data reveal that SCG but not SPG induce cytokine production from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and their major structural units are a beta-(1-->3)-d-glucan backbone with single beta-(1-->6)-d-glucosyl side branching units every three residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Kuo MC, Weng CY, Ha CL, Wu MJ. Ganoderma lucidum mycelia enhance innate immunity by activating NF-kappaB. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:217-22. [PMID: 16169168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a popular medicinal mushroom in China and Japan for its immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of dried mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum produced by submerged cultivation on the enhancement of innate immune response. We found that Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (0.2-1.6 mg/ml) stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 production after 8h treatment in human whole blood. IFN-gamma release from human whole blood was also enhanced after 3 day-culture with Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (0.2-1.0mg/ml). However, Ganoderma lucidum mycelia did not potentiate nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. To better understand the possible immuno-enhancement mechanisms involved, we focused on nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the Ganoderma lucidum mycelia (1.6 mg/ml) activated kappaB DNA binding activity in RAW264.7 cells. These results provide supporting evidences for the immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, ROC
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Miura NN, Adachi Y, Yadomae T, Tamura H, Tanaka S, Ohno N. Structure and biological activities of beta-glucans from yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans. Microbiol Immunol 2003; 47:173-82. [PMID: 12725286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have achieved the extraction of cell wall beta-glucan from the mycelial form of Candida albicans (C. albicans) IFO 0579 (M-CSBG) by using acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) treatments. The yield of M-CSBG was significantly lower (7.5% from dried mycelial cells) than that of the yeast form from C. albicans IFO 1385 (Y-CSBG, 25.9% from dried yeast cells). The properties of M-CSBG were similar to those of Y-CSBG in terms of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and limulus reactivity. Molecular weight (Mw) of M-CSBG was slightly higher than that of Y-CSBG. Both Y-CSBG and M-CSBG induced the production of comparable amounts of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a chemotactic factor, from mouse peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in vitro. These findings suggest that the structure and properties of CSBG from yeast and mycelial cells are similar to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko N Miura
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Mucksová J, Babícek K, Pospísil M. Particulate 1,3-beta-D-glucan, carboxymethylglucan and sulfoethylglucan--influence of their oral or intraperitoneal administration on immunological respondence of mice. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2002; 46:559-63. [PMID: 11898349 DOI: 10.1007/bf02818003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of orally or intraperitoneally administered particulate 1,3-beta-D-glucan (PBG), carboxymethylglucan (CMG) or sulfoethylglucan (SEG), obtained from the culture filtrate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on the functions of murine peritoneal adherent cells (PC) (peroxidase activity, nitric oxide synthesis), on relative organ mass and on proliferation of splenocytes was determined. The modulating activities after parenteral and non-parenteral administration of these polysaccharides were compared. Significant enhancement of NO production was observed only after in vitro cultivation of PC in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in groups of mice treated repeatedly orally with CMG, PBG and SEG at a dose of 50 mg/kg body mass. Peroxidase activity increased significantly after repeated oral administration of CMG and PBG at doses 150 and 50 mg/kg, SEG 150 mg/kg body mass. The peroxidase activity and NO synthesis in mice given a single intraperitoneal injection of glucans (15 mg/kg body mass) were slightly higher than those after oral administration. Neither a significant enhancement of relative organ mass nor enhancement of the proliferative response of splenocytes to in vitro added stimuli (LPS, phytohemagglutinin) after repeated oral or single intraperitoneal administration of beta-glucans was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mucksová
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, 254 49 Jílové near Prague, Czechia
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Jelinková M, Briestenský J, Santar I, Ríhová B. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of microdispersed oxidized cellulose. Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2:1429-41. [PMID: 12400873 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system can be manipulated specifically by vaccination or nonspecifically by immunomodulation. Many of biological response modifiers (BRM) have polysaccharidic structure similar to that of microdispersed oxidized cellulose (MDOC). We have investigated the immunomodulatory activity of different inorganic MDOC salts (H, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Al, Co, Ca/Na) and organic MDOC derivatives (urea, gelatine, arginine) both in vitro and in vivo. A dose-dependent stimulation by a number of MDOC derivatives was observed with spontaneous and mitogen-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and mouse splenocytes in vitro. In both primary cultures, the most intensive proliferation was induced by a Ca/Na salt at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. We have also demonstrated stimulatory effects of MDOC Ca/Na salt on the mouse mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). The stimulatory activity of MDOC towards the immune system was further supported by the fact that in vitro the product stimulates the release of Th1 cytokine TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6. In vivo MDOC application increases more than 50% the number of colony-forming units spleen (CFU-s), i.e., stimulates the stem cells in bone marrow, and increases relative percentage of monocytes and B lymphocytes in the mouse peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Jelinková
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Uchiyama M, Ohno N, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Yadomae T. Anti-grifolan antibody reacts with the cell wall β-glucan and the extracellular mannoprotein-β-glucan complex of C. albicans. Carbohydr Polym 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(01)00265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Suzuki T, Tsuzuki A, Ohno N, Ohshima Y, Adachi Y, Yadomae T. Synergistic action of beta-glucan and platelets on interleukin-8 production by human peripheral blood leukocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:140-4. [PMID: 11824547 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of human platelets on interleukin (IL)-8 production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) stimulated with the fungal (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan schizophyllan (SPG) were examined using ELISA. PBMCs/PMNs in the presence of platelets and SPG enhanced IL-8 production in comparison with those in the presence of either platelets or SPG. IL-8 production was dependent on the concentration of platelets and incubation time, and the activity reached the maximal level at 18 h of incubation. These activities were also observed with the addition of platelets prestimulated with SPG to PBMCs. Addition of SPG directly enhanced expression of P-selectin on platelet membrane surfaces. These results suggest that platelets play a key role in the cytokine production of leukocytes induced by fungal (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans and might be mediated, at least in part, by P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Suzuki
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan
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Suzuki T, Tsuzuki A, Ohno N, Ohshima Y, Yadomae T. Enhancement of IL-8 production from human monocytic and granulocytic cell lines, THP-1 and HL-60, stimulated with Malassezia furfur. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2000; 28:157-62. [PMID: 10799807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that Malassezia furfur, causing systemic fungal infection, was taken up into human monocytic cell line, THP-1, in a concentration-dependent manner. This fact suggested that M. furfur could activate phagocytes, such as monocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Thus we examined cytokine mRNA expression from human monocytic and granulocytic cell line, THP-1 and HL-60, stimulated with M. furfur by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA. We chose IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-alpha as primers for THP-1, and IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 for HL-60. M. furfur induced the expression of IL-8 mRNA from THP-1 and HL-60 following incubation for 3 h, and also induced IL-1alpha mRNA from HL-60, although this induction was weaker than that of IL-8 mRNA. Furthermore, opsonized M. furfur induced stronger expression of IL-8 mRNA in comparison with intact M. furfur. IL-8 production from THP-1 and HL-60 was enhanced in a concentration- and incubation time-dependent manner. These facts strongly suggested that M. furfur could activate phagocytes, and could induce inflammatory responses in systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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