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Ehsan M, Gadahi JA, Lu M, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Zhu XQ, Du A, Hu M, Li X. Recombinant elongation factor 1 alpha of Haemonchus contortus affects the functions of goat PBMCs. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12703. [PMID: 32043596 PMCID: PMC7187238 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excretory/secretory proteins of Haemonchus contortus (HcESPs) intermingle comprehensively with host immune cells and modulate host immune responses. In this study, H contortus ES antigen named as elongation factor 1 alpha (HcEF‐1α) was cloned and expressed. The influences of recombinant HcEF‐1α on multiple functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed in vitro. Immunoblot analysis revealed that rHcEF‐1α was recognized by the serum of goat infected with H contortus. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that rHcEF‐1α was bound on surface of PBMCs. Moreover, the productions of IL‐4, TGF‐β1, IFN‐γ and IL‐17 of cells were significantly modulated by the incubation with rHcEF‐1α. The production of interleukin IL‐10 was decreased. Cell migration, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were significantly increased; however, nitric oxide production (NO) was significantly decreased. The MHC II molecule expression of cells incubated with rHcEF‐1α was increased significantly, whereas MHC‐I was not changed as compared to the control groups (PBS control and pET32a). These findings indicated that rHcEF‐1α protein might play essential roles in functional regulations of HcESPs on goat PBMC and mediate the immune responses of the host during host‐parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Javaid Ali Gadahi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - MingMin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - LiXin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - XiaoKai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - AiFang Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - XiangRui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Yu X, Zhang H, Zhu G. Characterization of Host Cell Mutants Significantly Resistant to Cryptosporidium parvum Infection. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2017; 64:843-849. [PMID: 28432811 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasitic protist and a causative agent of mild-to-severe diarrheal diseases in humans and animals. Despite its globally recognized importance, knowledge on the mechanism of parasite invasion and molecular interactions between host cells and the parasite is limited. Here, we report the establishment of 43 mutant cell lines derived from HCT-8 cells by UV-induced mutagenesis and the characterization of three mutants with significantly reduced susceptibility to cryptosporidial infection. Based on qRT-PCR assay performed at 18 h postinfection time, the parasite loads could be reduced by ~45%, ~35%, and ~20% in mutants A05, B08, and B12, respectively (p < 0.001 in all three mutants vs. HCT-8 cells). The mutagenesis mainly affected the attachment of parasite in A05 (i.e. ~30% reduction, p < 0.001 vs. HCT-8), and intracellular development in B08 and B12. The three cell mutants may serve as valuable reagents to further investigate the mechanism of parasite invasion and intracellular development by identifying the gene mutations associated with the parasite attachment (A05) and intracellular development (B08 and B12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Guan Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, Texas, USA
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3
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Matsubayashi M, Teramoto-Kimata I, Uni S, Lillehoj HS, Matsuda H, Furuya M, Tani H, Sasai K. Elongation factor-1α is a novel protein associated with host cell invasion and a potential protective antigen of Cryptosporidium parvum. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34111-34120. [PMID: 24085304 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Apicomplexa comprises obligate intracellular parasites that infect vertebrates. All invasive forms of Apicomplexa possess an apical complex, a unique assembly of organelles localized to the anterior end of the cell and involved in host cell invasion. Previously, we generated a chicken monoclonal antibody (mAb), 6D-12-G10, with specificity for an antigen located in the apical cytoskeleton of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites. This antigen was highly conserved among Apicomplexan parasites, including other Eimeria spp., Toxoplasma, Neospora, and Cryptosporidium. In the present study, we identified the apical cytoskeletal antigen of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) and further characterized this antigen in C. parvum to assess its potential as a target molecule against cryptosporidiosis. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that the reactivity of 6D-12-G10 with C. parvum sporozoites was similar to those of anti-β- and anti-γ-tubulins antibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy with the 6D-12-G10 mAb detected the antigen both on the sporozoite surface and underneath the inner membrane at the apical region of zoites. The 6D-12-G10 mAb significantly inhibited in vitro host cell invasion by C. parvum. MALDI-TOF/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides revealed that the mAb 6D-12-G10 target antigen was elongation factor-1α (EF-1α). These results indicate that C. parvum EF-1α plays an essential role in mediating host cell entry by the parasite and, as such, could be a candidate vaccine antigen against cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Osaka Yuhigaoka Gakuen Junior College, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0073, Japan; Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Isao Teramoto-Kimata
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Uni
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Haruo Matsuda
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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Amer S, Fayed M, Honma H, Fukuda Y, Tada C, Nakai Y. Multilocus genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum from Egypt. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:1043-7. [PMID: 20625766 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a ubiquitous zonootic parasite causing enteritis in man and animals. Cryptosporidium infection was confirmed microscopically in neonatal calves (less than 6 weeks of age) at Kafr El Sheikh Province, Egypt. Multilocus analysis using a wide array of genetic markers was carried out to assess genetic diversity of C. parvum isolates. PCR amplification and partial sequence analysis of 70 kDa heat shock protein, dihydrofolate reductase, alpha-tubulin, elongation factor 1 alpha as well as thrombospondin-related anonymous protein of Cryptosporidium-1, and thrombospondin-related anonymous protein of Cryptosporidium-2 gene markers were achieved. Data indicated that the analyzed isolates belong to C. parvum genotype II with obvious sequence heterogeneity compared with counterparts deposited in Genebank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Amer
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology,Field Centre studies, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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O’Connor RM, Wanyiri JW, Cevallos AM, Priest JW, Ward HD. Cryptosporidium parvum glycoprotein gp40 localizes to the sporozoite surface by association with gp15. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2007; 156:80-3. [PMID: 17719100 PMCID: PMC2020432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. are waterborne apicomplexan parasites responsible for outbreaks of diarrheal disease worldwide. Antigens involved in zoite invasion into host cells have been the focus of many investigations as these may prove to be good vaccine candidates. gp40/15 is a zoite antigen synthesized as a precursor protein and proteolytically cleaved into the mature glycoproteins, gp40 and gp15. gp15 is anchored in the sporozoite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol moiety, while gp40 is predicted to be soluble. However, gp40 bears epitopes that recognize a host cell receptor. If this interaction is important for zoite invasion, then gp40 must have some mechanism of associating with the parasite membrane. In these studies we demonstrate that gp40 and gp15 co-localize to the surface membrane of sporozoites and merozoites, and co-immunoprecipitate, suggesting that these antigens associate after proteolytic cleavage to generate a protein complex capable of linking zoite and host cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M. O’Connor
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
- * Corresponding Authors NEMC Box 041, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, e-mail: ; , tel ROC: 617 636 2684, HW: 617 636 7022, fax: 617 636 5292
| | - Jane W. Wanyiri
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Maria Cevallos
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70–228, 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Jeffrey W. Priest
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mail Stop F-13, Atlanta, GA, 30341
| | - Honorine D. Ward
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
- * Corresponding Authors NEMC Box 041, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, e-mail: ; , tel ROC: 617 636 2684, HW: 617 636 7022, fax: 617 636 5292
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Grocock RJ, Sharp PM. Synonymous codon usage in Cryptosporidium parvum: identification of two distinct trends among genes. Int J Parasitol 2001; 31:402-12. [PMID: 11306119 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The usage of alternative synonymous codons in the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum has been investigated. A data set of 54 genes was analysed. Overall, A- and U-ending codons predominate, as expected in an A+T-rich genome. Two trends of codon usage variation among genes were identified using correspondence analysis. The primary trend is in the extent of usage of a subset of presumably translationally optimal codons, that are used at significantly higher frequencies in genes expected to be expressed at high levels. Fifteen of the 18 codons identified as optimal are more G+C-rich than the otherwise common codons, so that codon selection associated with translation opposes the general mutation bias. Among 40 genes with lower frequencies of these optimal codons, a secondary trend in G+C content was identified. In these genes, G+C content at synonymously variable third positions of codons is correlated with that in 5' and 3' flanking sequences, indicative of regional variation in G+C content, perhaps reflecting regional variation in mutational biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Grocock
- Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Priest JW, Xie LT, Arrowood MJ, Lammie PJ. The immunodominant 17-kDa antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2001; 113:117-26. [PMID: 11254960 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite of the intestinal epithelium that has caused numerous outbreaks of diarrheal illness in humans. During our studies of the host immune response to C. parvum infection, we noted that two of the immunodominant surface antigens of the sporozoite stage of the parasite readily extract into Triton X-114. We recently cloned the immunodominant 17-kDa surface antigen and suggested that the carboxy-terminal peptide sequence may satisfy the requirements for GPI anchor addition. In the work presented here, we were able to show that the 17-kDa antigen could be metabolically labeled in vitro with tritiated ethanolamine and that the antigen contained myo-inositol. The antigen was cleaved by GPI-PLD but not by PI-PLC and it could be converted to a water soluble form by chemical deglycosylation. We suggest that the 17-kDa antigen is indeed GPI anchored and that the anchor contains an acylated inositol and either a lyso-acyl- or a diacyl-glycerol. We are currently working to determine what role the anchor may play in the human immune response to this antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Priest
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Mail Stop F-13, Building 23, Room 1025, 4770 Buford Highway N.E., Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
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8
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Strong WB, Gut J, Nelson RG. Cloning and sequence analysis of a highly polymorphic Cryptosporidium parvum gene encoding a 60-kilodalton glycoprotein and characterization of its 15- and 45-kilodalton zoite surface antigen products. Infect Immun 2000; 68:4117-34. [PMID: 10858229 PMCID: PMC101708 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.7.4117-4134.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of serious diarrheal disease in both humans and animals. No efficacious chemo- or immunotherapies have been identified for cryptosporidiosis, but certain antibodies directed against zoite surface antigens and/or proteins shed by gliding zoites have been shown to neutralize infectivity in vitro and/or to passively protect against, or ameliorate, disease in vivo. We previously used monoclonal antibody 11A5 to identify a 15-kDa surface glycoprotein that was shed behind motile sporozoites and was recognized by several lectins that neutralized parasite infectivity for cultured epithelial cells. Here we report the cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding this 11A5 antigen. Surprisingly, the gene encoded a 330-amino-acid, mucin-like glycoprotein that was predicted to contain an N-terminal signal peptide, a homopolymeric tract of serine residues, 36 sites of O-linked glycosylation, and a hydrophobic C-terminal peptide specifying attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The single-copy gene lacked introns and was expressed during merogony to produce a 60-kDa precursor which was proteolytically cleaved to 15- and 45-kDa glycoprotein products that both localized to the surface of sporozoites and merozoites. The gp15/45/60 gene displayed a very high degree of sequence diversity among C. parvum isolates, and the numerous single-nucleotide and single-amino-acid polymorphisms defined five to six allelic classes, each characterized by additional intra-allelic sequence variation. The gp15/45/60 single-nucleotide polymorphisms will prove useful for haplotyping and fingerprinting isolates and for establishing meaningful relationships between C. parvum genotype and phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/chemistry
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology
- Cryptosporidium parvum/genetics
- Cryptosporidium parvum/immunology
- Cryptosporidium parvum/pathogenicity
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Protozoan
- Genotype
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protozoan Proteins/chemistry
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Strong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0811, USA
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Abrahamsen MS. Cryptosporidium parvum gene discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 473:241-7. [PMID: 10659365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4143-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a well-recognized cause of diarrhea in humans and animals throughout the world, and is associated with a substantial degree of morbidity and mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At the present time, there is no effective therapy for treating or preventing infection with C. parvum. This is primarily due to a lack of understanding of the basic cellular and molecular biology of this pathogen in terms of virulence factors, genome structure, gene expression, and regulation. Over the past few years, large-scale sequencing of randomly selected cDNAs or fragments of genomic DNA has proven to be an efficient approach for obtaining large amount of genomic information. Recently, large-scale sporozoite expressed sequence tag (EST) and genomic sequence tag (GST) projects have been initiated for C. parvum. These projects have greatly increased the number of C. parvum genes identified and demonstrate the usefulness of large-scale sequencing for expanding our understanding of C. parvum biology. Continued characterization of the C. parvum genome will increase our basic understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of C. parvum in terms of gene and genome structure, and will identify key metabolic and pathophysiologic features of the organism for future development of safe and effective strategies for prevention and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abrahamsen
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, University of Minnesota 55108, USA.
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10
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Abstract
The coccidium Cryptosporidium parvum is an obligate intracellular parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa. It infects the gastrointestinal tract of humans and livestock, and represents the third major cause of diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Scarcely considered for decades due to its apparently non-pathogenic nature, C. parvum has been studied very actively over the last 15 years, after its medical relevance as a dangerous opportunistic parasite and widespread water contaminant was fully recognised. Despite the lack of an efficient in vitro culture system and appropriate animal models, significant advances have been made in this relatively short period of time towards understanding C. parvum biology, immunology, genetics and epidemiology. Until recently, very little was known about the genome of C. parvum, with even basic issues, such as the number and size of chromosomes, being the object of a certain controversy. With the advent of pulsed field gradient electrophoresis and the introduction of molecular biology techniques, the overall structure and fine organisation of the genome of C. parvum have started to be disclosed. Organised into eight chromosomes distributed in a very narrow range of molecular masses, the genome of C. parvum is one of the smallest so far described among unicellular eukaryotic organisms. Although fewer than 30 C. parvum genes have been cloned so far, information about the overall structure of the parasite genome has increased exponentially over the last 2 years. From the first karyotypic analyses to the recent development of physical maps for individual chromosomes, this review will try to describe the state-of-the-art of our knowledge on the nuclear genome of C. parvum and will discuss the available experimental evidence concerning the presence of extra-chromosomal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Spano
- Istituto di Parassitologia, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro, 5, Box 6 Roma 62, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Priest JW, Kwon JP, Arrowood MJ, Lammie PJ. Cloning of the immunodominant 17-kDa antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 106:261-71. [PMID: 10699255 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Cryptosporidium parvum causes a self-limiting diarrheal illness in immunocompetent humans and is associated with the development of a serum IgG antibody response dominated by the 27-kDa and 17-kDa parasite surface antigens. Antibodies against the 27-kDa and 17-kDa antigens may serve as useful markers for past infection in population-based studies of the risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection. A recombinant form of the 17-kDa antigen would be useful both in epidemiologic studies and in studies of the role of the humoral response in immunity. We have partially purified and sequenced the immunodominant 17-kDa surface antigen from sporozoites, and we have cloned a 975 bp open reading frame from C. parvum that includes all of the 17-kDa antigen peptide sequences. We show immunologic identity between a recombinant form of the protein and the native 17-kDa antigen. We conclude that the carboxy-terminal fragment of the cloned protein is the authentic 17-kDa antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Priest
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Mail Stop F-13, Building 23, Room 1025, 4770 Buford Highway N.E., Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Cong X, Ling S, Zhu Y. Cloning, sequencing and structural analysis of a pea cDNA encoding EF-1α. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02909765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abrahamsen MS, Schroeder AA. Characterization of intracellular Cryptosporidium parvum gene expression. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1999; 104:141-6. [PMID: 10589988 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Abrahamsen
- Veterinary PathoBiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
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Schroeder AA, Brown AM, Abrahamsen MS. Identification and cloning of a developmentally regulated Cryptosporidium parvum gene by differential mRNA display PCR. Gene 1998; 216:327-34. [PMID: 9729442 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To identify Cryptosporidium parvum genes expressed during intracellular development, differential mRNA display was used to detect differences in gene expression between mock-infected and C. parvum-infected human epithelial cells. A reproducible band present only in C. parvum-infected cells, ddHC-23, was isolated and cloned. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that ddHC-23 represented a C. parvum gene. RT-PCR revealed that HC-23 mRNA levels decreased from 6 to 12h post-infection (pi), were maximally expressed at 24h pi, and returned to low levels at 48 and 72h pi. Northern blot analysis determined that the approx. 3.6kb transcript is expressed by sporozoites prior to invasion of epithelial cells. Screening of a C. parvum genomic library with ddHC-23 isolated a genomic subclone which contained a 2790bp ORF, uninterrupted by introns. Sequence analysis indicated that the encoded protein, which displayed no similarity to any sequences in the public databases, contained a high proportion of polar amino acids, with the most abundant being Asp (17.3%), Ser (15.8%) and Gly (8.1%). Numerous potential sites for posttranslational modification were present including: casein kinase II and protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, N-myristolation sites and N-glycosylation sites. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of differential mRNA display for identifying developmentally regulated C. parvum genes within the background of genes expressed by the host cell. 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Schroeder
- Veterinary Patho, Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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