1
|
Li Y, Li Y, Zou X, Jiang S, Cao M, Chen F, Yin Y, Xiao W, Liu S, Guo X. Bioinformatic Identification and Expression Analyses of the MAPK-MAP4K Gene Family Reveal a Putative Functional MAP4K10-MAP3K7/8-MAP2K1/11-MAPK3/6 Cascade in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:941. [PMID: 38611471 PMCID: PMC11013086 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades act as crucial signaling modules that regulate plant growth and development, response to biotic/abiotic stresses, and plant immunity. MAP3Ks can be activated through MAP4K phosphorylation in non-plant systems, but this has not been reported in plants to date. Here, we identified a total of 234 putative TaMAPK family members in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). They included 48 MAPKs, 17 MAP2Ks, 144 MAP3Ks, and 25 MAP4Ks. We conducted systematic analyses of the evolution, domain conservation, interaction networks, and expression profiles of these TaMAPK-TaMAP4K (representing TaMAPK, TaMAP2K, TaMAP3K, and TaMAP4K) kinase family members. The 234 TaMAPK-TaMAP4Ks are distributed on 21 chromosomes and one unknown linkage group (Un). Notably, 25 of these TaMAP4K family members possessed the conserved motifs of MAP4K genes, including glycine-rich motif, invariant lysine (K) motif, HRD motif, DFG motif, and signature motif. TaMAPK3 and 6, and TaMAP4K10/24 were shown to be strongly expressed not only throughout the growth and development stages but also in response to drought or heat stress. The bioinformatics analyses and qRT-PCR results suggested that wheat may activate the MAP4K10-MEKK7-MAP2K11-MAPK6 pathway to increase drought resistance in wheat, and the MAP4K10-MAP3K8-MAP2K1/11-MAPK3 pathway may be involved in plant growth. In general, our work identified members of the MAPK-MAP4K cascade in wheat and profiled their potential roles during their response to abiotic stresses and plant growth based on their expression pattern. The characterized cascades might be good candidates for future crop improvement and molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Li
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Hunan University, Chongqing 401120, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (S.J.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - You Li
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Miyuan Cao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fenglin Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yan Yin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Hunan University, Chongqing 401120, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (S.J.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shucan Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Hunan University, Chongqing 401120, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (S.J.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinhong Guo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Hunan University, Chongqing 401120, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (S.J.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan L, Fonseca De Lima CF, Vu LD, De Smet I. A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analysis of the MAP4K Family in the Green Lineage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650171. [PMID: 34484252 PMCID: PMC8415026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The kinase-mediated phosphorylation impacts every basic cellular process. While mitogen-activated protein kinase technology kinase kinases (MAP4Ks) are evolutionarily conserved, there is no comprehensive overview of the MAP4K family in the green lineage (Viridiplantae). In this study, we identified putative MAP4K members from representative species of the two core groups in the green lineage: Chlorophyta, which is a diverse group of green algae, and Streptophyta, which is mostly freshwater green algae and land plants. From that, we inferred the evolutionary relationships of MAP4K proteins through a phylogenetic reconstruction. Furthermore, we provided a classification of the MAP4Ks in the green lineage into three distinct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cassio Flavio Fonseca De Lima
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan L, De Smet I. Expanding the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Universe: An Update on MAP4Ks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1220. [PMID: 32849755 PMCID: PMC7427426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation-mediated signaling cascades control plant growth and development or the response to stress conditions. One of the best studied signaling cascades is the one regulated by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASEs (MAPKs). However, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE KINASEs (MAP4Ks) are hardly explored. Here, we will give a comprehensive overview of what is known about plant MAP4Ks and highlight some outstanding questions associated with this largely uncharacterized class of kinases in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Çakır B, Kılıçkaya O. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in Vitis vinifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:556. [PMID: 26257761 PMCID: PMC4511077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important mechanisms to control cellular functions in response to external and endogenous signals. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are universal signaling molecules in eukaryotes that mediate the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals resulting in the induction of appropriate cellular responses. MAPK cascades are composed of four protein kinase modules: MAPKKK kinases (MAPKKKKs), MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and MAPKs. In plants, MAPKs are activated in response to abiotic stresses, wounding, and hormones, and during plant pathogen interactions and cell division. In this report, we performed a complete inventory of MAPK cascades genes in Vitis vinifera, the whole genome of which has been sequenced. By comparison with MAPK, MAPK kinases, MAPK kinase kinases and MAPK kinase kinase kinase kinase members of Arabidopsis thaliana, we revealed the existence of 14 MAPKs, 5 MAPKKs, 62 MAPKKKs, and 7 MAPKKKKs in Vitis vinifera. We identified orthologs of V. vinifera putative MAPKs in different species, and ESTs corresponding to members of MAPK cascades in various tissues. This work represents the first complete inventory of MAPK cascades in V. vinifera and could help elucidate the biological and physiological functions of these proteins in V. vinifera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Çakır
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege UniversityIzmir, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Birsen Çakır, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova/Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Ozan Kılıçkaya
- Department of Pharmacetical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet UniversitySivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smékalová V, Doskočilová A, Komis G, Samaj J. Crosstalk between secondary messengers, hormones and MAPK modules during abiotic stress signalling in plants. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:2-11. [PMID: 23911976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between second messengers, hormones and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in plant signalling systems facilitates adaptation and survival in the face of diverse environmental stresses. This review focuses on the transduction of second messenger and hormone signals by MAPK modules in plant abiotic stress responses. We discuss how this crosstalk regulates gene expression (e.g. by controlling transcription factor activity) and other cellular and physiological responses to enable adaptation and/or resistance to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Smékalová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Doskočilová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Samaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Champion A, Picaud A, Henry Y. Reassessing the MAP3K and MAP4K relationships. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2004; 9:123-9. [PMID: 15003235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Champion
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Clusius Laboratory, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Champion A, Kreis M, Mockaitis K, Picaud A, Henry Y. Arabidopsis kinome: after the casting. Funct Integr Genomics 2004; 4:163-87. [PMID: 14740254 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-003-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Revised: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is used as a favourite experimental organism for many aspects of plant biology. We capitalized on the recently available Arabidopsis genome sequence and predicted proteome, to draw up a genome-scale protein serine/threonine kinase (PSTK) inventory. The PSTKs represent about 4% of the A. thaliana proteome. In this study, we provide a description of the content and diversity of the non-receptor PSTKs. These kinases have crucial functions in sensing, mediating and coordinating cellular responses to an extensive range of stimuli. A total of 369 predicted non receptor PSTKs were detailed: the Raf superfamily, the CMGC, CaMK, AGC and STE families, as well as a few small clades and orphan sequences. An extensive relationship analysis of these kinases allows us to classify the proteins in superfamilies, families, sub-families and groups. The classification provides a better knowledge of the characteristics shared by the different clades. We focused on the MAP kinase module elements, with particular attention to their docking sites for protein-protein interaction and their biological function. The large number of A. thaliana genes encoding kinases might have been achieved through successive rounds of gene and genome duplications. The evolution towards an increasing gene number suggests that functional redundancy plays an important role in plant genetic robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Champion
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, UMR CNRS/UPS 8618, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Llompart B, Castells E, Río A, Roca R, Ferrando A, Stiefel V, Puigdomenech P, Casacuberta JM. The direct activation of MIK, a germinal center kinase (GCK)-like kinase, by MARK, a maize atypical receptor kinase, suggests a new mechanism for signaling through kinase-dead receptors. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:48105-11. [PMID: 12966093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307482200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by receptor protein kinases (RPKs) involves their dimerization and transphosphorylation. However, atypical RPKs with kinase-defective domains have been described recently. Some of them are essential for proper signaling in animal systems, although the precise mechanism involved is unknown in most cases. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of an atypical plant receptor kinase from maize, MARK, which does not phosphorylate in vitro. A yeast two-hybrid approach has allowed us to identify a new germinal center kinase (GCK)-related protein, MIK, that interacts with MARK. Interestingly, the interaction of the intracellular domain of MARK with the regulator domain of MIK strongly induces MIK kinase activity. As some GCK-related proteins connect cell-surface receptors to the intracellular MAPK cascades, the activation of MIK by direct interaction with MARK could illustrate a new mechanism for signaling through atypical RPKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Llompart
- Departament de Genètica Molecular, IBMB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Charrier B, Champion A, Henry Y, Kreis M. Expression profiling of the whole Arabidopsis shaggy-like kinase multigene family by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 130:577-90. [PMID: 12376626 PMCID: PMC166588 DOI: 10.1104/pp.009175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2002] [Accepted: 06/25/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent publication of the complete sequence of the Arabidopsis genome allowed us to identify and characterize the last two members of the SHAGGY-like kinase (AtSK) gene family. As a result, the study of the overall spatio-temporal organization of the whole AtSK family in Arabidopsis has become an achievable and necessary aim to understand the role of each SHAGGY-like kinase during plant development. An analysis of the transcript level of the 10 members of the family has been performed using the technique of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Transcript levels in several organs, under different growth conditions, were analyzed. To calibrate the results obtained, a number of other genes, such as those coding for the two MAP3Kepsilons and the two MAP4Kalphas, as well as the stress response marker RD29A; the small subunit of the Rubisco photosynthetic enzyme Ats1A; the MEDEA chromatin remodeling factor; and the SCARECROW, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1, and SUPERMAN transcription factors all involved in key steps of plant development were used. The analysis of our data revealed that eight of the 10 genes of the AtSK family displayed a pseudo-constitutive expression pattern at the organ level. Conversely, AtSK13 responded to osmotic changes and saline treatment, whereas AtSK31 was flower specific and responded to osmotic changes and darkness.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adaptation, Physiological/radiation effects
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis Proteins/drug effects
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/analogs & derivatives
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/drug effects
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/radiation effects
- Light
- Osmotic Pressure/drug effects
- Phylogeny
- Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Stress, Mechanical
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Water/pharmacology
- Water/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Charrier
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Université Paris-Sud (XI), 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jouannic S, Champion A, Segui-Simarro JM, Salimova E, Picaud A, Tregear J, Testillano P, Risueño MC, Simanis V, Kreis M, Henry Y. The protein kinases AtMAP3Kepsilon1 and BnMAP3Kepsilon1 are functional homologues of S. pombe cdc7p and may be involved in cell division. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 26:637-649. [PMID: 11489177 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We identified an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, AtMAP3Kepsilon1, and a Brassica napus cDNA, BnMAP3Kepsilon1, encoding functional protein serine/threonine kinases closely related to cdc7p and Cdc15p from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. This is the first report of cdc7-related genes in non-fungal eukaryotes; no such genes have as yet been identified in Metazoans. The B. napus protein is able to partially complement a cdc7 loss of function mutation in S. pombe. RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation revealed that the A. thaliana and B. napus genes are expressed in both the sporophytic and the gametophytic tissues of the respective plant species and revealed further that expression is highest in dividing cells. Moreover, AtMAP3Kepsilon1 gene expression is cell cycle-regulated, with higher expression in G2-M phases. Our results strongly suggest that the plant cdc7p-related protein kinases are involved in a signal transduction pathway similar to the SIN pathway, which positively regulates cytokinesis in S. pombe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jouannic
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ligterink W, Hirt H. Mitogen-activated protein [MAP] kinase pathways in plants: versatile signaling tools. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2001; 201:209-75. [PMID: 11057833 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(01)01004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important signaling tools in all eukaryotes, and function in mediating an enormous variety of external signals to appropriate cellular responses. MAPK pathways have been studied extensively in yeast and mammalian cells, and a large body of knowledge on their functioning has accumulated, which is summarized briefly. Plant MAPK pathways have attracted increasing interest, resulting in the isolation of a large number of different components of MAPK cascades. Studies on the functions of these components have revealed that MAPKs play important roles in the response to a broad variety of stresses, as well as in the signaling of most plant hormones and in developmental processes. Finally, the involvement of various plant phosphatases in the inactivation of MAPKs is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ligterink
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jouannic S, Hamal A, Leprince AS, Tregear JW, Kreis M, Henry Y. Plant MAP kinase kinase kinases structure, classification and evolution. Gene X 1999; 233:1-11. [PMID: 10375615 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of reports describing plant MAP kinase signalling components reflects the cardinal role that MAP kinase pathways are likely to play during plant growth and development. Relationship and structural analyses of plant MAP kinase kinase kinase related cDNAs and genes established, on one hand, the PMEKKs, which may be distinguished into the alpha, beta, gamma, and zeta groups, and, on the other hand, the PRAFs that consist of the delta, eta and theta groups. Plant MAP3Ks are characterized by different primary structures, but conserved within a single group. A relationship analysis, which included animal, fungal and plant MAP3Ks, revealed a high degree of diversity among this biochemically established set of proteins, thus suggesting a range of biological functions. Four major families emerged, namely the MEKK/STE11, including the PMEKKs, the RAF, including the PRAFs, as well as the MLK and CDC7 families. These four families showed phylum-dependent distributions. Signature sequences characterizing the RAF family and the RAF subfamilies have been evidenced. However, no equivalent sequence motifs were identified for the MEKK/STE11 family, which is highly heterogeneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jouannic
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes (IBP), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, UMR 6818, Université de Paris-Sud, F-91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jouannic S, Hamal A, Leprince AS, Tregear JW, Kreis M, Henry Y. Characterisation of novel plant genes encoding MEKK/STE11 and RAF-related protein kinases. Gene X 1999; 229:171-81. [PMID: 10095117 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various elements of the MAP kinase module have been isolated in plants. We describe here the characterisation of 14 new plant cDNAs and genes encoding putative MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks) related to the MEKK/STE11 and RAF protein kinases. Plant MAP3Ks are characterised by a variety of primary structures conserved within closely related proteins. Southern blot analysis suggests that plant MAP3Ks are heterogenous in their genomic structure, existing either as single copy genes or as small gene families. An RT-PCR analysis showed that in Arabidopsis thaliana, all organs studied contain detectable levels of transcripts of each of the MAP3K genes identified; however, signals obtained with mature pollen were weak or non-existent except for AtMAP3Kgamma. None of the reported genes share a cell-cycle or a cold stress regulated expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jouannic
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes (IBP), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Bâtiment 630, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris-Sud, F-91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|