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Xue M, Feng T, Chen Z, Yan Y, Chen Z, Dai J. Protein Acetylation Going Viral: Implications in Antiviral Immunity and Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911308. [PMID: 36232610 PMCID: PMC9570087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection, both host and viral proteins undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, methylation, and acetylation, which play critical roles in viral replication, pathogenesis, and host antiviral responses. Protein acetylation is one of the most important PTMs and is catalyzed by a series of acetyltransferases that divert acetyl groups from acetylated molecules to specific amino acid residues of substrates, affecting chromatin structure, transcription, and signal transduction, thereby participating in the cell cycle as well as in metabolic and other cellular processes. Acetylation of host and viral proteins has emerging roles in the processes of virus adsorption, invasion, synthesis, assembly, and release as well as in host antiviral responses. Methods to study protein acetylation have been gradually optimized in recent decades, providing new opportunities to investigate acetylation during viral infection. This review summarizes the classification of protein acetylation and the standard methods used to map this modification, with an emphasis on viral and host protein acetylation during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfei Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (J.D.)
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Pilkington AW, Schupp J, Nyman M, Valentine SJ, Smith DM, Legleiter J. Acetylation of Aβ 40 Alters Aggregation in the Presence and Absence of Lipid Membranes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:146-161. [PMID: 31834770 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation of senile plaques comprised of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Aβ fibrillization is a complex nucleation-dependent process involving a variety of metastable intermediate aggregates and features the formation of inter- and intramolecular salt bridges involving lysine residues, K16 and K28. Cationic lysine residues also mediate protein-lipid interactions via association with anionic lipid headgroups. As several toxic mechanisms attributed to Aβ involve membrane interactions, the impact of acetylation on Aβ40 aggregation in the presence and absence of membranes was determined. Using chemical acetylation, varying mixtures of acetylated and nonacetylated Aβ40 were produced. With increasing acetylation, fibril and oligomer formation decreased, eventually completely arresting fibrillization. In the presence of total brain lipid extract (TBLE) vesicles, acetylation reduced the interaction of Aβ40 with membranes; however, fibrils still formed at near complete levels of acetylation. Additionally, the combination of TBLE and acetylated Aβ promoted annular aggregates. Finally, toxicity associated with Aβ40 was reduced with increasing acetylation in a cell culture assay. These results suggest that in the absence of membranes that the cationic character of lysine plays a major role in fibril formation. However, acetylation promotes unique aggregation pathways in the presence of lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W. Pilkington
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jane Schupp
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Morgan Nyman
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - David M. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institutes, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box
9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Justin Legleiter
- The C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Rockefeller Neurosciences Institutes, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box
9303, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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Diallo I, Seve M, Cunin V, Minassian F, Poisson JF, Michelland S, Bourgoin-Voillard S. Current trends in protein acetylation analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:139-159. [PMID: 30580641 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1559061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetylation is a widely occurring post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins that plays a crucial role in many cellular physiological and pathological processes. Over the last decade, acetylation analyses required the development of multiple methods to target individual acetylated proteins, as well as to cover a broader description of acetylated proteins that comprise the acetylome. Areas covered: This review discusses the different types of acetylation (N-ter/K-/O-acetylation) and then describes some major strategies that have been reported in the literature to detect, enrich, identify and quantify protein acetylation. The review highlights the advantages and limitations of these strategies, to guide researchers in designing their experimental investigations and analysis of protein acetylation. Finally, this review highlights the main applications of acetylomics (proteomics based on mass spectrometry) for understanding physiological and pathological conditions. Expert opinion: Recent advances in acetylomics have enhanced knowledge of the biological and pathological roles of protein acetylation and the acetylome. Besides, radiolabeling and western blotting remain also techniques-of-choice for targeted protein acetylation. Future challenges in acetylomics to analyze the N-ter and K-acetylome will most likely require enrichment/fractionation, MS instrumentation and bioinformatics. Challenges also remain to identify the potential biological roles of O-acetylation and cross-talk with other PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Diallo
- a Universite Grenoble Alpes - LBFA and BEeSy, PROMETHEE, Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,b Inserm, U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,c CHU de Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , La Tronche , France
| | - Michel Seve
- a Universite Grenoble Alpes - LBFA and BEeSy, PROMETHEE, Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,b Inserm, U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,c CHU de Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , La Tronche , France
| | - Valérie Cunin
- a Universite Grenoble Alpes - LBFA and BEeSy, PROMETHEE, Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,b Inserm, U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,c CHU de Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , La Tronche , France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Michelland
- a Universite Grenoble Alpes - LBFA and BEeSy, PROMETHEE, Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,b Inserm, U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,c CHU de Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , La Tronche , France
| | - Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- a Universite Grenoble Alpes - LBFA and BEeSy, PROMETHEE, Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,b Inserm, U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , Saint-Martin-d'Heres , France.,c CHU de Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform , La Tronche , France
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Ornelas A, Zacharias-Millward N, Menter DG, Davis JS, Lichtenberger L, Hawke D, Hawk E, Vilar E, Bhattacharya P, Millward S. Beyond COX-1: the effects of aspirin on platelet biology and potential mechanisms of chemoprevention. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:289-303. [PMID: 28762014 PMCID: PMC5557878 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After more than a century, aspirin remains one of the most commonly used drugs in western medicine. Although mainly used for its anti-thrombotic, anti-pyretic, and analgesic properties, a multitude of clinical studies have provided convincing evidence that regular, low-dose aspirin use dramatically lowers the risk of cancer. These observations coincide with recent studies showing a functional relationship between platelets and tumors, suggesting that aspirin's chemopreventive properties may result, in part, from direct modulation of platelet biology and biochemistry. Here, we present a review of the biochemistry and pharmacology of aspirin with particular emphasis on its cyclooxygenase-dependent and cyclooxygenase-independent effects in platelets. We also correlate the results of proteomic-based studies of aspirin acetylation in eukaryotic cells with recent developments in platelet proteomics to identify non-cyclooxygenase targets of aspirin-mediated acetylation in platelets that may play a role in its chemopreventive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argentina Ornelas
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niki Zacharias-Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lenard Lichtenberger
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernest Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Finamore F, Priego-Capote F, Nolli S, Fontana P, Sanchez JC. Aspirin-mediated acetylation of haemoglobin increases in presence of high glucose concentration and decreases protein glycation. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Theillet FX, Smet-Nocca C, Liokatis S, Thongwichian R, Kosten J, Yoon MK, Kriwacki RW, Landrieu I, Lippens G, Selenko P. Cell signaling, post-translational protein modifications and NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2012; 54:217-36. [PMID: 23011410 PMCID: PMC4939263 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-012-9674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-translationally modified proteins make up the majority of the proteome and establish, to a large part, the impressive level of functional diversity in higher, multi-cellular organisms. Most eukaryotic post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) denote reversible, covalent additions of small chemical entities such as phosphate-, acyl-, alkyl- and glycosyl-groups onto selected subsets of modifiable amino acids. In turn, these modifications induce highly specific changes in the chemical environments of individual protein residues, which are readily detected by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. In the following, we provide a concise compendium of NMR characteristics of the main types of eukaryotic PTMs: serine, threonine, tyrosine and histidine phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, lysine and arginine methylation, and serine, threonine O-glycosylation. We further delineate the previously uncharacterized NMR properties of lysine propionylation, butyrylation, succinylation, malonylation and crotonylation, which, altogether, define an initial reference frame for comprehensive PTM studies by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Department of NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), In-cell NMR Group, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, German
| | - Caroline Smet-Nocca
- CNRS UMR 8576, Universite Lille Nord de France, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Stamatios Liokatis
- Department of NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), In-cell NMR Group, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, German
| | - Rossukon Thongwichian
- Department of NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), In-cell NMR Group, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, German
| | - Jonas Kosten
- Department of NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), In-cell NMR Group, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, German
| | - Mi-Kyung Yoon
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard W. Kriwacki
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- CNRS UMR 8576, Universite Lille Nord de France, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Guy Lippens
- CNRS UMR 8576, Universite Lille Nord de France, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Philipp Selenko
- Department of NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), In-cell NMR Group, Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, German
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Jung SB, Kim CS, Naqvi A, Yamamori T, Mattagajasingh I, Hoffman TA, Cole MP, Kumar A, Dericco JS, Jeon BH, Irani K. Histone deacetylase 3 antagonizes aspirin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide production by reversing aspirin-induced lysine acetylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circ Res 2010; 107:877-87. [PMID: 20705923 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.222968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is widely used in the treatment and prevention of vascular atherothrombosis. Cardiovascular doses of aspirin also reduce systemic blood pressure and improve endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in patients with atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis. Aspirin can acetylate proteins, other than its pharmacological target cyclooxygenase, at lysine residues. The role of lysine acetylation in mediating the effects of low-dose aspirin on the endothelium is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of lysine acetylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the regulation of endothelial NO production by low-dose aspirin and to examine whether the lysine deacetylase histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 antagonizes the effect of low-dose aspirin on endothelial NO production by reversing acetylation of functionally critical eNOS lysine residues. METHODS AND RESULTS Low concentrations of aspirin induce lysine acetylation of eNOS, stimulating eNOS enzymatic activity and endothelial NO production in a cyclooxygenase-1-independent fashion. Low-dose aspirin in vivo also increases bioavailable vascular NO in an eNOS-dependent and cyclooxygenase-1-independent manner. Low-dose aspirin promotes the binding of eNOS to calmodulin. Lysine 609 in the calmodulin autoinhibitory domain of bovine eNOS mediates aspirin-stimulated binding of eNOS to calmodulin and eNOS-derived NO production. HDAC3 inhibits aspirin-stimulated (1) lysine acetylation of eNOS, (2) eNOS enzymatic activity, (3) eNOS-derived NO, and (4) binding of eNOS to calmodulin. Conversely, downregulation of HDAC3 promotes lysine acetylation of eNOS and endothelial NO generation. CONCLUSIONS Lysine acetylation of eNOS is a posttranslational protein modification supporting low-dose aspirin-induced vasoprotection. HDAC3, by deacetylating aspirin-acetylated eNOS, antagonizes aspirin-stimulated endothelial production of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet-Byel Jung
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Lai TS, Davies C, Greenberg CS. Human tissue transglutaminase is inhibited by pharmacologic and chemical acetylation. Protein Sci 2010; 19:229-35. [PMID: 19998405 DOI: 10.1002/pro.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue transglutaminase (TGM2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases. TGM2 promotes formation of soluble and insoluble high molecular weight aggregates by catalyzing a covalent linkage between peptide-bound Q residues in polyQ proteins and a peptide-bound Lys residue. Therapeutic approaches to modulate the activity of TGM2 are needed to proceed with studies to test the efficacy of TGM2 inhibition in disease processes. We investigated whether acetylation of Lys-residues by sulfosuccinimidyl acetate (SNA) or aspirin (ASA) would alter the crosslinking activity of TGM2. Acetylation by either SNA and/or ASA resulted in a loss of >90% of crosslinking activity. The Lys residues that were critical for inhibition were identified by mass spectrometry as Lys(444), Lys(468), and Lys(663). Hence, acetylation of Lys-residues may modulate the enzymatic function of TGM2 in vivo and offer a novel approach to treatment of TGM2 mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thung S Lai
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Fonseca AS, Frydman JNG, Rocha VC, Bernardo-Filho M. Acetylsalicylic acid decreases the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99M. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2007; 58:187-98. [PMID: 17585508 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.58.2007.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid is the most widely used drug as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory agent and for secondary prevention of thrombotic phenomena in the heart, brain and peripheral circulation. Drugs can modify the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc). This work has evaluated the effect of in vivo treatment with acetylsalicylic acid on the in vitro labeling of the blood constituents with 99mTc. Wistar rats were treated with different doses (1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg) of acetylsalicylic acid during 1 hour. At higher dose used (6.0 mg/kg) animals were treated during different period of time (0.25, 1.0 and 4.0 hours). Animals treated with physiologic saline solution were used as control. After the labeled process; plasma (P), blood cells (BC), insoluble (IF-P, IF-BC) and soluble (SF-P, SF-BC) fractions were separated. Afterwards, the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI) in each fraction was calculated. The treatment during 1 hour with acetylsalicylic acid at higher dose has significantly (p < 0.05) modified the fixation of 99mTc on blood cells. Considering the results, we suggest that acetylsalicylic acid used at therapeutic doses may interfere with the nuclear medicine procedures related to these blood constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Fonseca
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Altinoz MA, Ozdilli K, Carin MN, Gedikoglu G. Medroxyprogesterone - valproic acid - aspirin. MVA regime to reduce transfusion associated mortality in late-term hemoglobinopathies. Hypothesis and rationale. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:1342-7. [PMID: 17161547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) - a safe depot contraceptive - is shown previously to reduce painful crises of sickle cell anemia, which is parallel with the recent findings showing progesterone induction of fetal hemoglobin genes. This would be a way to reduce transfusions for late term thalassemia major and sickle cell-disease cases with no chances left for a stem cell transplantation. In these patients, transfusional hemosiderosis causes irreversible damage to many organs despite the available iron-chelating agents. Pharmacological strategies either target the conformal structure of the defective adult hemoglobin or aim to activate fetal hemoglobin concentrations. The only concern on MPA may be its thromboembolic risks, which may be uncoupled with agents acting both anti-coagulant and inductive on the blood oxygen-carrying affinity. Such agents could be valproic acid and aspirin. Valproic acid is being safely used to treat epilepsy and its histone acetylating function may lead its induction of fetal hemoglobin. Aspirin was shown to increase oxygen affinity of hemoglobin via acetylating lysine residues and its general acetylating activity on proteins such as histones makes it also an interesting candidate to activate fetal hemoglobin. We propose that combining MPA with clinically available doses of valproic acid and aspirin would be beneficial in terms of both reduced coagulation risks and increased oxygen affinity to decrease the transfusions and to improve the prognosis in late-phase hemoglobin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Medical Biology and Genetics at Istanbul Medical School of Istanbul University, Golden Horn (Halic) University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhou S, Chan E, Duan W, Huang M, Chen YZ. Drug bioactivation, covalent binding to target proteins and toxicity relevance. Drug Metab Rev 2005; 37:41-213. [PMID: 15747500 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-200028812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of therapeutic drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action have been reported to undergo metabolic activation by Phase I or Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. The bioactivation gives rise to reactive metabolites/intermediates, which readily confer covalent binding to various target proteins by nucleophilic substitution and/or Schiff's base mechanism. These drugs include analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen), antibacterial agents (e.g., sulfonamides and macrolide antibiotics), anticancer drugs (e.g., irinotecan), antiepileptic drugs (e.g., carbamazepine), anti-HIV agents (e.g., ritonavir), antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine), cardiovascular drugs (e.g., procainamide and hydralazine), immunosupressants (e.g., cyclosporine A), inhalational anesthetics (e.g., halothane), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDSs) (e.g., diclofenac), and steroids and their receptor modulators (e.g., estrogens and tamoxifen). Some herbal and dietary constituents are also bioactivated to reactive metabolites capable of binding covalently and inactivating cytochrome P450s (CYPs). A number of important target proteins of drugs have been identified by mass spectrometric techniques and proteomic approaches. The covalent binding and formation of drug-protein adducts are generally considered to be related to drug toxicity, and selective protein covalent binding by drug metabolites may lead to selective organ toxicity. However, the mechanisms involved in the protein adduct-induced toxicity are largely undefined, although it has been suggested that drug-protein adducts may cause toxicity either through impairing physiological functions of the modified proteins or through immune-mediated mechanisms. In addition, mechanism-based inhibition of CYPs may result in toxic drug-drug interactions. The clinical consequences of drug bioactivation and covalent binding to proteins are unpredictable, depending on many factors that are associated with the administered drugs and patients. Further studies using proteomic and genomic approaches with high throughput capacity are needed to identify the protein targets of reactive drug metabolites, and to elucidate the structure-activity relationships of drug's covalent binding to proteins and their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Riess JG. Oxygen carriers ("blood substitutes")--raison d'etre, chemistry, and some physiology. Chem Rev 2001; 101:2797-920. [PMID: 11749396 DOI: 10.1021/cr970143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Riess
- MRI Institute, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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Bose-Basu B, DeRose EF, Chen YR, Mason RP, London RE. Protein NMR spin trapping with [methyl-13C(3)]-MNP: application to the tyrosyl radical of equine myoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:383-90. [PMID: 11461776 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Direct spin trapping studies of protein radical adducts are limited as a consequence of the long rotational correlation times and consequent broadening of the ESR resonances. It can be difficult to determine both the nature and number of adduct species present. NMR detection of reduced spin adducts represents an alternate approach which, however, is subject to the limitations of lower sensitivity and a limited capability for isolating the resonances arising from the reduced adduct from other chemistry involving the spin trap. In the present study, we have utilized [methyl-13C(3)]-MNP for the detection and analysis of tyrosyl spin adducts formed as a result of exposure of equine myoglobin to hydrogen peroxide. The methyl-13C label allows high detection sensitivity in two dimensions, narrow line widths and most significantly, removal by dialysis of unreacted spin trap as well as any nonprotein derivatives that may form. For equine myoglobin, it is found that adduct formation involves a single residue-Tyr-103 and further that adduct formation occurs at the C-3 carbon of the amino acid. HMQC-NOESY experiments further revealed the proximity of the labeled methyl groups to both the three aromatic tyrosyl protons as well as the aromatic protons of the nearby Phe-106 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bose-Basu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Macdonald JM, Haas AL, London RE. Novel mechanism of surface catalysis of protein adduct formation. NMR studies of the acetylation of ubiquitin. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:31908-13. [PMID: 10906321 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000684200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivity of surface lysyl residues of proteins with a broad range of chemical agents has been proposed to be dependent on the catalytic microenvironment of the residue. We have investigated the acetylation of wild type ubiquitin and of the UbH68N mutant to evaluate the potential contribution of His-68 to the reactivity of Lys-6, which is about 4 A distant. These studies were performed using [1-(13)C]acetyl salicylate or [1,1'-(13)C(2)]acetic anhydride, and the acetylated products were detected by two-dimensional heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that His-68 makes a positive contribution to the rate of acetylation of Lys-6 by labeled aspirin. Additionally, a pair of transient resonances is observed after treatment of wild type ubiquitin with the labeled acetic anhydride but not upon treatment of the H68N mutant. These resonances are assigned to the acetylated His-68 residue. The loss of intensity of the acetylhistidine resonances is accompanied by an increase in intensity of the acetyl-Lys-6 peak, supporting the existence of a transacetylation process between the acetylhistidine 68 and lysine 6 residues located on the protein surface. Hence, this may be the first direct demonstration of a catalytic intermediate forming on the protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Macdonald
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gryglewski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
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Xu AS, Ohba Y, Vida L, Labotka RJ, London RE. Aspirin acetylation of betaLys-82 of human hemoglobin. NMR study of acetylated hemoglobin Tsurumai. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:917-22. [PMID: 10974199 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of hemoglobin by aspirin and other compounds has been of interest for the development of agents useful for the treatment of sickle cell disease. In the present study, we have used 2D NMR methods in combination with [1-(13)C-acetyl]salicylic acid to probe the acetylation sites of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin Tsurumai, a mutant human hemoglobin characterized by a betaLys-82-Gln substitution. In contrast to earlier studies by Klotz and coworkers (e.g. Shamsuddin M, Mason RG, Ritchey JM, Honig GR and Klotz KM, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 4693-4697, 1974) in which it was concluded that betaLys-144 is the principal target residue acetylated by aspirin, the present study confirms our previous but less conclusive demonstration (Xu ASL, Macdonald JM, Labotka RJ and London RE, Biochim Biophys Acta 1432: 333-349, 1999) that betaLys-82 is the primary acetylation site of aspirin and related agents. The present studies also provide conclusive evidence that acetylation of betaLys-82 produces multiple resonances, probably as a consequence of additional acetylation of other sites, particularly betaLys-82' on the second beta chain. The present results also resolve the apparent discrepancy between the targets of modification by aspirin and double-headed aspirin analogs, and provide an explanation for the changes in oxygen affinity and aggregation threshold of aspirin-modified hemoglobin previously observed under in vitro conditions. In light of the present identification of the principal site of acetylation, the potential therapeutic benefit of aspirin in the treatment of sickle cell disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Xu
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Xu AS, Labotka RJ, London RE. Acetylation of human hemoglobin by methyl acetylphosphate. Evidence of broad regio-selectivity revealed by NMR studies. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:26629-32. [PMID: 10480863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.38.26629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemical modification agents that reduce the tendency of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) to aggregate represents an important chemotherapeutic goal. Methyl acetylphosphate (MAP) has been reported to bind to the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binding site of hemoglobin, where it selectively acetylates residues, resulting in increased solubility of HbS. We have prepared [1-(13)C]MAP and evaluated the adduct formation with hemoglobin using (1)H-(13)C HMQC and HSQC NMR studies. These spectra of the acetylated hemoglobin adducts showed 10-11 well resolved adduct peaks, indicating that the acetylation was not highly residue specific. The chemical shift pattern observed is in general similar to that obtained recently using [1'-(13)C]aspirin as the acetylating agent (Xu, A. S. L., Macdonald, J. M., Labotka, R. J., and London, R. E. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1432, 333-349). Blocking the 2, 3-DPG binding site with inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) resulted in a selective reduction in intensity of adduct resonances, presumably corresponding to residues located in the 2,3-DPG binding cleft. The pattern of residue protection appeared to be identical to that observed in our previous study using IHP and labeled aspirin. Pre-acetylation of hemoglobin using unlabeled MAP, followed by acetylation with [1'-(13)C]aspirin indicated a general protective effect, with the greatest reduction of intensity for resonances corresponding to acetylated residues in the 2,3-DPG binding site. These studies indicated that both MAP and aspirin exhibit similar, although not identical, acetylation profiles and target primarily the betaLys-82 residue in the 2,3-DPG binding site, as well as sites such as betaLys-59 and alphaLys-90, which are not located in the beta-cleft of hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Xu
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233, USA
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