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Vergalito F, Bagnoli D, Maiuro L, Pannella G, Palombo V, Testa B, Coppola F, Di Marco RMA, Tremonte P, Lombardi SJ, Iorizzo M, Coppola R, Succi M. Akkermansia muciniphila: new insights into resistance to gastrointestinal stress, adhesion, and protein interaction with human mucins through optimised in vitro trials and bioinformatics tools. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1462220. [PMID: 39564479 PMCID: PMC11573778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1462220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the FAO/WHO guidelines, selection of probiotics requires the assessment of survival under gastrointestinal stress and adhesion to human epithelial cells. These attributes were evaluated on Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835 simulating the gastrointestinal transit (GIT) immediately followed by adhesion to human intestinal cell lines (CaCo2, HT-29, and HT-29-MTX) as an alternative approach to in vitro methods performed with fresh cells in each trial. The survival rate after GIT, as determined by plate counts and fluorescent probes, was significantly higher for A. muciniphila (about 8 Log CFU/mL) than for the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 (about 3 Log CFU/mL). The use of Live/Dead assay highlighted that A. muciniphila forms cell aggregates in the gastric phase as protective mechanism, explaining its high viability in the intestine. The rate of adhesion to human cell lines was always lower for strains tested after simulated GIT than for strains that did not undergo simulated GIT. Akkermansia muciniphila exhibited significantly higher adhesion than Lbs. rhamnosus GG, particularly to the mucus-secreting HT-29-MTX cells across a range of concentrations (2-8 Log CFU/mL). Finally, the bioinformatic analysis of A. muciniphila proteome confirmed the Amuc_1434 as a potential factor in binding to the human MUC2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Vergalito
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Diletta Bagnoli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Lucia Maiuro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pannella
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentino Palombo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Bruno Testa
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Food Sciences (ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Roberto M A Di Marco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizio Tremonte
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia J Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Succi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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2
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Elsadek MM, Wang S, Wu Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yu M, Guo Z, Wang Q, Wang G, Chen Y, Zhang D. Characterization of Bacillus spp. isolated from the intestines of Rhynchocypris lagowskii as a potential probiotic and their effects on fish pathogens. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106163. [PMID: 37209775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics sourced from fish intestinal microbiota have a merit over other bacterial sources due to colonization ability and effective time. This study aimed to evaluate the bacilli isolated from the Rhynchocypris lagowskii intestines and their validity as a probiotic. Three isolates were selected (LSG 2-5, LSG 3-7, and LSG 3-8) and defined by morphological and 16S rRNA analysis as Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Bacillus mojavensis, respectively. Results showed the strain tolerant abilities to gastrointestinal fluid, bile salt, pH, and temperature expotures. Additionally, all bacterial strains showed anti-pathogenic activity against at least four strains out of six tested pathogen strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella, and Aeromonas sobria). The bacterial strains also showed a high percentage of co-aggregation activity, more than 70%, with Aer. hydrophile, Staph. epidermidis, and Klebsiella aerogenes. At the same time, the results of competition, rejection, and substitution activity with Aer. hydrophila and Aer. veronii indicated the ability of the isolated strains to reduce the adhesion of pathogens to mucin. All strains showed safety properties, non-hemolytic, and sensitivity characteristics for most of tested antibiotics. In vivo test after injecting these strains into fish at various concentrations showed no side effects in the internal or external organs of fish compared to controls, proving that this is safe for these fish. Furthermore, the three strains produced lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes. The strains also showed bile salt hydrolase activity and biofilm formation, allowing them to tolerate stressful conditions. Conclusion: Based on these strains characteristics and features, they could be considered a promising candidate probiotic and can be used as an anti-pathogenic, especially in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elsadek
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Sibu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhenchao Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yurou Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Mengnan Yu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Tonghua Normal University, College of Life Science, Jilin, Tonghua, 134001, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Dongming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, China.
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3
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Chitosan chemistry review for living organisms encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Li L, Zhao Y, Li J, Ban L, Yang L, Wang S, Zhu L, Song H, Liu H. The adhesion of the gut microbiota to insoluble dietary fiber from soy hulls promoted the proliferation of probiotics in vitro. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Lu Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, Guan M, Zhang Z, Liang X, Tong L, Yi H, Gong P, Bai L, Zhou H, Liu T, Zhang L. The edible Lactobacillus paracasei X11 with Konjac glucomannan promotes intestinal motility in zebrafish. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14196. [PMID: 34337833 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constipation is a gastrointestinal symptom with high incidence rate and large number of patients. It is becoming one of the urgent medical problems. Poor intestinal motility is one of the important causes of constipation. Current drug treatments for constipation are associated with many side effects; thus, it is necessary to study more effective treatment methods and potential mechanism. METHODS A zebrafish model of intestinal motility obstruction was established by loperamide hydrochloride to evaluate the effect of probiotic, food ingredients, and combination on intestinal peristalsis according to intestinal peristalsis frequency counts. The gastrointestinal survival ability of the best probiotics was evaluated by surface hydrophobicity, self-aggregation, acid and bile salt tolerance, and gastrointestinal transit tolerance. Interactions between probiotics and food ingredients were studied in vivo and in vitro. The expression of 5-HT was detected by ELISA and fluorescence immunoassay, and 5-HT related genes were detected by RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS We obtained the probiotics, food ingredients, and combination that effectively promoted intestinal peristalsis, X11 and YRL577, P. persica and KGM, KGM + X11, respectively. Both KGM and P. persica promoted colonization of probiotics in vivo. KGM + X11 could effectively promote the increase in 5-HT synthesis in zebrafish via up-regulating gene expression of TPH-1, TPH-2, and 5-HTR and down-regulating gene expression of SERT. The specific in-depth mechanism needs further study. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The combinations of KGM with X11 effectively promoted intestinal peristalsis. We provide a theoretical basis for new modalities that can promote intestinal peristalsis and alleviate constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Meiyu Guan
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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6
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In vitro evaluation of the hypoglycemic properties of lactic acid bacteria and its fermentation adaptability in apple juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Raw Buffalo Milk: a Screening for Novel Probiotic Candidates and Their Transcriptional Response to Acid Stress. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:468-483. [PMID: 32829420 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important microorganisms for the food industry due to their functional activity, as starters and potential probiotic strains. With that in mind, we explored the LAB diversity in raw buffalo milk, screening for novel potential probiotic strains. A total of 11 strains were identified by combination of MALDI-TOF and partial 16S rDNA sequencing and selected as potential probiotic candidates. Bacteria innocuity assessment was performed by determining antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence factors. Antagonism activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed, as well as milk proteolytic activity and exopolysaccharides production. Seven strains were identified as innocuous and two of them, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB1.5 and Lactobacillus paracasei LB6.4 were selected for further probiotic potential analyses. Both strains demonstrated adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells, coaggregated with S. aureus and E. coli and maintained cell viability after gastrointestinal simulation in vitro, suggesting their probiotic potential. Furthermore, the transcriptional response of Lact. rhamnosus LB1.5 and Lact. paracasei LB6.4 to in vitro acid stress was assessed by RT-qPCR targeting seven genes related to adhesion, aggregation, stress tolerance, DNA repair and central metabolism. The association between the transcriptional responses and the maintenance of cell viability after gastrointestinal simulation highlights the genetic ability as probiotic of the two selected strains. Finally, we have concluded that Lact. rhamnosus LB1.5 and Lact. paracasei LB6.4 are important probiotic candidates to further in vivo studies.
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Mitra S, Ghosh BC. Quality characteristics of kefir as a carrier for probiotic
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonanki Mitra
- Dairy Technology ICAR – National Dairy Research Institute Adugodi Bengaluru 560030 Karnataka India
| | - Bikash C. Ghosh
- Dairy Technology Section ICAR – National Dairy Research Institute Adugodi Bengaluru 560030 Karnataka India
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9
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Adhesion-Related Immunomodulatory Activity of the Screened Lactobacillus plantarum from Sichuan Pickle. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:29-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Deshpande G, Athalye-Jape G, Patole S. Para-probiotics for Preterm Neonates-The Next Frontier. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070871. [PMID: 29976885 PMCID: PMC6073938 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence supports the use of probiotics in preterm neonates for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, mortality and late onset sepsis. Despite the strong evidence, the uptake of this intervention has not been universal due to concerns including probiotic sepsis, pro-inflammatory response and transmission of antibiotic resistance. Critically ill extremely preterm neonates with potentially compromised gut integrity are at higher risk of probiotic sepsis due to translocation. In most countries, probiotics are sold as food supplements with poor quality control. The traditional definition of probiotics as “live microorganisms” has been challenged as many experts have questioned the importance of viability in the context of the beneficial effects of probiotics. Paraprobiotics (ghost probiotics), are defined as non-viable microbial cells (intact or broken) or crude cell extracts (i.e., with complex chemical composition), which, when administered (orally or topically) in adequate amounts, confer a benefit on the human or animal consumer. Current evidence indicates that paraprobiotics could be safe alternatives to probiotics in preterm neonates. High-quality pre-clinical and clinical studies including adequately powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted in preterm neonates to explore this new frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Deshpande
- Department of Neonatology, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia.
| | - Gayatri Athalye-Jape
- Department of Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, WA 6008, Australia.
| | - Sanjay Patole
- Department of Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, WA 6008, Australia.
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11
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Shukla S, Park JH, Chung SH, Kim M. Ochratoxin A reduction ability of biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis isolated from Korean traditional fermented food Kimchi. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8039. [PMID: 29795296 PMCID: PMC5966461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new biocontrol strain, Bacillus subtilis KU-153, was isolated from the Korean traditional fermented food Kimchi and evaluated for its ability to reduce the ochratoxin A (OTA) content in culture medium. A 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed the identity of newly isolated strain KU-153 as B. subtilis. The growth kinetic study of B. subtilis KU-153, in terms of the OTA reduction in culture medium, confirmed its biocontrol efficacy. To verify its ability to reduce the OTA content in culture medium, bacterial extracts (intracellular and extracellular) of B. subtilis were separated and compared with whole B. subtilis cells (viable and heat-killed). No reduction in the OTA content was observed in culture medium with extracellular and intracellular extracts, while viable and heat-killed cells of B. subtilis showed significant levels (p < 0.05) of OTA reduction in culture medium. Interestingly, B. subtilis heat-treated cells showed a higher OTA reduction (45%) than viable cells (22%). Further, B. subtilis heat-treated cells were assessed for their ability to reduce OTA levels in artificially contaminated red wine samples that resulted in an OTA reduction of approximately 90%, suggesting the biocontrol potential of the newly isolated strain B. subtilis KU-153 on OTA reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shukla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Chung
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Archer AC, Kurrey NK, Halami PM. In vitro adhesion and anti-inflammatory properties of native Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. J Appl Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29537703 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed at characterizing the adhesion and immune-stimulatory properties of native probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum (MCC 2759 and MCC 2760) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii MCC 2775. METHODS AND RESULTS Adhesion of the strains was assessed in Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. Expression of adhesion and immune markers were evaluated in Caco-2 cells by real-time qPCR. The cultures displayed >80% of adhesion to both cell lines and also induced the expression of mucin-binding protein (mub) gene in the presence of mucin, bile and pancreatin. Adhesion was mediated by carbohydrate and proteinaceous factors. The cultures stimulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. However, pro-inflammatory genes were down-regulated upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide and IL-10 was up-regulated by the cultures. Cell wall extract of L. fermentum MCC 2760 induced the expression of IL-6 by 5·47-fold, whereas crude culture filtrate enhanced the expression of IL-10 by 14·87-fold compared to LPS control. CONCLUSIONS The bacterial cultures exhibited strong adhesion and anti-inflammatory properties. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report to reveal the role of adhesion markers of L. fermentum and L. delbrueckii by qPCR. The strain-specific anti-inflammatory property of native cultures may be useful to alleviate inflammatory conditions and develop a target-based probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Archer
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - N K Kurrey
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - P M Halami
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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13
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Corbo MR, Campaniello D, Speranza B, Altieri C, Sinigaglia M, Bevilacqua A. Neutralisation of toxins by probiotics during the transit into the gut: challenges and perspectives. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Daniela Campaniello
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Barbara Speranza
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Clelia Altieri
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; University of Foggia; Via Napoli 25 71122 Foggia Italy
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14
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Bengoa AA, Zavala L, Carasi P, Trejo SA, Bronsoms S, Serradell MDLÁ, Garrote GL, Abraham AG. Simulated gastrointestinal conditions increase adhesion ability of Lactobacillus paracasei strains isolated from kefir to Caco-2 cells and mucin. Food Res Int 2017; 103:462-467. [PMID: 29389636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal conditions along the digestive tract are the main stress to which probiotics administrated orally are exposed because they must survive these adverse conditions and arrive alive to the intestine. Adhesion to epithelium has been considered one of the key criteria for the characterization of probiotics because it extends their residence time in the intestine and as a consequence, can influence the health of the host by modifying the local microbiota or modulating the immune response. Nevertheless, there are very few reports on the adhesion properties to epithelium and mucus of microorganisms after passing through the gastrointestinal tract. In the present work, we evaluate the adhesion ability in vitro of L. paracasei strains isolated from kefir grains after acid and bile stress and we observed that they survive simulated gastrointestinal passage in different levels depending on the strain. L. paracasei CIDCA 8339, 83120 and 83123 were more resistant than L. paracasei CIDCA 83121 and 83124, with a higher susceptibility to simulated gastric conditions. Proteomic analysis of L. paracasei subjected to acid and bile stress revealed that most of the proteins that were positively regulated correspond to the glycolytic pathway enzymes, with an overall effect of stress on the activation of the energy source. Moreover, it is worth to remark that after gastrointestinal passage, L. paracasei strains have increased their ability to adhere to mucin and epithelial cells in vitro being this factor of relevance for maintenance of the strain in the gut environment to exert its probiotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agustina Bengoa
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET CCT La Plata, CIC.PBA, 47 y 116, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Zavala
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET CCT La Plata, CIC.PBA, 47 y 116, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Carasi
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Dpto. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Alejandro Trejo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE); Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET CCT La Plata, CIC; 526 y Camino Gral Belgrano, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, España
| | | | - María de Los Ángeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Dpto. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Liliana Garrote
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET CCT La Plata, CIC.PBA, 47 y 116, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Graciela Abraham
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET CCT La Plata, CIC.PBA, 47 y 116, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Área Bioquímica y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata; 47 y 115, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Zhang D, Wu M, Guo Y, Xun M, Wang W, Wu Z, Pan D. Purification of Lactobacillus acidophilus surface-layer protein and its immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4204-4209. [PMID: 28244103 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface-layer proteins (SLP) have been found in the outermost layer of the cell wall in many types of lactobacillus are considered to be an important factor with respect to intestinal immunity. RESULTS The present study compared the effects of SLP extracted by different concentrations of LiCl and carbamide, and subsequently identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of SLP. SLP were derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 with a molecular weight of 46 kDa, and consisted of 16.9% α-helix, 42.3% β-sheet, 20.8% β-turns and 22.5% random coils. SLP promoted NO secretion and higher quantities of NO were produced as the SLP concentrations increased. SLP concentrations over 50 µg mL-1 significantly decreased the amount of tumor necrosis factor-α secreted by RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION SLP can trigger immunomodulatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells. This provides crucial information that will enable the further use of L. acidophilus in food, medicine and other products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingyue Xun
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Marine Science School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
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16
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Adherence potential of indigenous lactic acid bacterial isolates obtained from fermented foods of Western Himalayas to intestinal epithelial Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3504-3511. [PMID: 29051645 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells and mucosal surfaces is a prerequisite for their colonization in the gut and a key criterion for the selection of probiotics. In this study, the eleven indigenous lactic acid bacterial isolates obtained from traditional fermented foods of Western Himalayas were screened for their adherence potential to intestinal epithelial cell lines. The level of adherence of eleven indigenous isolates to Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines varied from 2.45 ± 0.5 to 9.55 ± 0.76% and 4.11 ± 0.68 to 12.88 ± 0.63%, respectively. Percent adhesion of indigenous isolates to Caco-2 cells was relatively lower as compared to HT-29 cells. Indigenous isolate AdF10 (L. plantarum) was found to be the most adhesive to HT-29 and Caco-2 with corresponding figures of 12.88 ± 0.63 and 9.55 ± 0.76%, respectively. AdF4 (B. coagulans) was found to be least adhesive to HT-29 and Caco-2 with respective corresponding figures of 4.11 ± 0.68 and 2.45 ± 0.5%. Based on the percent adhesion values, indigenous isolate AdF10 (L. plantarum) was comparable to the reference probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG-ATCC-53103 with respective adhesion of 13.5 ± 1.19 and 10.33 ± 0.64% to HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines. It was closely followed by indigenous isolates AdF5 (L. plantarum) and AdF6 (L. plantarum); thus, indicating their potential as a promising probiotic candidates.
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17
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Volstatova T, Marsik P, Rada V, Geigerova M, Havlik J. Effect of apple extracts and selective polyphenols on the adhesion of potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus gasseri R and Lactobacillus casei FMP. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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18
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Volstatova T, Havlik J, Potuckova M, Geigerova M. Milk digesta and milk protein fractions influence the adherence of Lactobacillus gasseri R and Lactobacillus casei FMP to human cultured cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:3531-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00545d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to the intestinal epithelium is considered an important feature of probiotic bacteria, which may increase their persistence in the intestine, allowing them to exert their beneficial health effect or promote the colonisation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Volstatova
- Department of Microbiology
- Nutrition and Dietetics
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
- 165 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Microbiology
- Nutrition and Dietetics
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
- 165 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Potuckova
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
- 165 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Martina Geigerova
- Department of Microbiology
- Nutrition and Dietetics
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
- 165 21 Prague
- Czech Republic
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Shin JH, Lee JS, Seo JG. Assessment of cell adhesion, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and lipopolysaccharide-binding properties of live and heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus CBT LA1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7845/kjm.2015.5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Fernández Ramírez MD, Smid EJ, Abee T, Nierop Groot MN. Characterisation of biofilms formed by Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and food spoilage isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 207:23-9. [PMID: 25965141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum has been associated with food spoilage in a wide range of products and the biofilm growth mode has been implicated as a possible source of contamination. In this study we analysed the biofilm forming capacity of L. plantarum WCFS1 and six food spoilage isolates. Biofilm formation as quantified by crystal violet staining and colony forming units was largely affected by the medium composition, growth temperature and maturation time and by strain specific features. All strains showed highest biofilm formation in Brain Heart Infusion medium supplemented with manganese and glucose. For L. plantarum biofilms the crystal violet (CV) assay, that is routinely used to quantify total biofilm formation, correlates poorly with the number of culturable cells in the biofilm. This can in part be explained by cell death and lysis resulting in CV stainable material, conceivably extracellular DNA (eDNA), contributing to the extracellular matrix. The strain to strain variation may in part be explained by differences in levels of eDNA, likely as result of differences in lysis behaviour. In line with this, biofilms of all strains tested, except for one spoilage isolate, were sensitive to DNase treatment. In addition, biofilms were highly sensitive to treatment with Proteinase K suggesting a role for proteins and/or proteinaceous material in surface colonisation. This study shows the impact of a range of environmental factors and enzyme treatments on biofilm formation capacity for selected L. plantarum isolates associated with food spoilage, and may provide clues for disinfection strategies in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica D Fernández Ramírez
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Masja N Nierop Groot
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen UR Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Espino E, Koskenniemi K, Mato-Rodriguez L, Nyman TA, Reunanen J, Koponen J, Öhman T, Siljamäki P, Alatossava T, Varmanen P, Savijoki K. Uncovering Surface-Exposed Antigens of Lactobacillus rhamnosus by Cell Shaving Proteomics and Two-Dimensional Immunoblotting. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:1010-24. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Espino
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lourdes Mato-Rodriguez
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pia Siljamäki
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Alatossava
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Nivoliez A, Veisseire P, Alaterre E, Dausset C, Baptiste F, Camarès O, Paquet-Gachinat M, Bonnet M, Forestier C, Bornes S. Influence of manufacturing processes on cell surface properties of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35®. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:399-411. [PMID: 25280746 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the industrial process on the properties of probiotics, administered as complex manufactured products, has been poorly investigated. In the present study, we comparatively assessed the cell wall characteristics of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lcr35® together with three of its commercial formulations with intestinal applications. Putative secreted and transmembrane-protein-encoding genes were initially searched in silico in the genome of L. rhamnosus Lcr35®. A total of 369 candidate genes were identified which expressions were followed using a custom Lactobacillus DNA chip. Among them, 60 or 67 genes had their expression either upregulated or downregulated in the Lcr Restituo® packet or capsule formulations, compared to the native Lcr35® strain. Moreover, our data showed that the probiotic formulations (Lcr Lenio®, Lcr restituo® capsule and packet) showed a better capacity to adhere to intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells than the native Lcr35® strain. Microbial (MATS) tests showed that the probiotic was an electron donor and that they were more hydrophilic than the native strain. The enhanced adhesion capacity of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to epithelial Caco-2 cells and their antipathogen effect could be due to this greater surface hydrophilic character. These findings suggest that the manufacturing process influences the protein composition and the chemical properties of the cell wall. It is therefore likely that the antipathogen effect of the formulation is modulated by the industrial process. Screening of the manufactured products' properties would therefore represent an essential step in evaluating the effects of probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Nivoliez
- Département Recherche et Développement-Probionov, Rue des frères Lumières, 15130, Arpajon-sur-Cère, France,
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23
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Piotrowska M. The adsorption of ochratoxin a by lactobacillus species. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2826-39. [PMID: 25247265 PMCID: PMC4179162 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6092826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine ochratoxin A (OTA) binding by three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species: Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, and L. sanfranciscensis. Experiments were conducted using MRS medium and PBS buffer contaminated with 1000 ng/mL OTA and inoculated with live or thermally inactivated bacterial biomass at a concentration of 1 or 5 mg dry weight/mL. It was found that, depending on the strain and biomass density, live bacterial cells reduced OTA content by 16.9% to 35% in MRS medium and by 14.8% to 26.4% in PBS after 24 h of contact. OTA binding was higher in the case of thermally inactivated bacterial biomass (46.2% to 59.8%). The process is very rapid: OTA was removed from PBS as early as after 30 min of contact. The binding of the toxin by cells was partially reversible under the treatment by water and 1 M HCl. The results show that OTA is adsorbed to the surface structures of the cell wall, which is promoted not only by the hydrophobic properties of the cell wall, but also by electron donor-acceptor and Lewis acid-base interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Piotrowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, Łódź 90-924, Poland.
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Yadav AK, Tyagi A, Kumar A, Saklani AC, Grover S, Batish VK. Adhesion of indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum to gut extracellular matrix and its physicochemical characterization. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:155-64. [PMID: 25212764 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to the human intestinal epithelial cell is considered as one of the important selection criteria of lactobacilli for probiotic attributes. Sixteen Lactobacillus plantarum strains from human origins were subjected for adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and their physiochemical characterization, incubation time course and effect of different pH on bacterial adhesion in vitro were studied. Four strains showed significant binding to both fibronectin and mucin. After pretreatment with pepsin and trypsin, the bacterial adhesion to ECM reduced to the level of 50 % and with lysozyme significantly decreased by 65-70 %. Treatment with LiCl also strongly inhibited (90 %) the bacterial adhesion to ECM. Tested strains showed highest binding efficacy at time course of 120 and 180 min. Additionally, the binding of Lp91 to ECM was highest at pH 6 (155 ± 2.90 CFU/well). This study proved that surface layer components are proteinaceous in nature, which contributed in adhesion of lactobacillus strains. Further, the study can provide a better platform for introduction of new indigenous probiotic strains having strong adhesion potential for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India,
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25
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Hynönen U, Kant R, Lähteinen T, Pietilä TE, Beganović J, Smidt H, Uroić K, Avall-Jääskeläinen S, Palva A. Functional characterization of probiotic surface layer protein-carrying Lactobacillus amylovorus strains. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:199. [PMID: 25070625 PMCID: PMC4236617 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhesiveness to intestinal epithelium, beneficial immunomodulating effects and the production of pathogen-inhibitory compounds are generally considered as beneficial characteristics of probiotic organisms. We showed the potential health-promoting properties and the mechanisms of probiotic action of seven swine intestinal Lactobacillus amylovorus isolates plus the type strain (DSM 20531T) by investigating their adherence to porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) and mucus as well as the capacities of the strains to i) inhibit the adherence of Escherichia coli to IPEC-1 cells, ii) to produce soluble inhibitors against intestinal pathogens and iii) to induce immune signaling in dendritic cells (DCs). Moreover, the role of the L. amylovorus surface (S) -layers - symmetric, porous arrays of identical protein subunits present as the outermost layer of the cell envelope - in adherence to IPEC-1 cells was assessed using a novel approach which utilized purified cell wall fragments of the strains as carriers for the recombinantly produced S-layer proteins. RESULTS Three of the L. amylovorus strains studied adhered to IPEC-1 cells, while four strains inhibited the adherence of E. coli, indicating additional mechanisms other than competition for binding sites being involved in the inhibition. None of the strains bound to porcine mucus. The culture supernatants of all of the strains exerted inhibitory effects on the growth of E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria and Yersinia, and a variable, strain-dependent induction was observed of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human DCs. L. amylovorus DSM 16698 was shown to carry two S-layer-like proteins on its surface in addition to the major S-layer protein SlpA. In contrast to expectations, none of the major S-layer proteins of the IPEC-1 -adhering strains mediated bacterial adherence. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated adhesive and significant pathogen inhibitory efficacies among the swine intestinal L. amylovorus strains studied, pointing to their potential use as probiotic feed supplements, but no independent role could be demonstrated for the major S-layer proteins in adherence to epithelial cells. The results indicate that many intestinal bacteria may coexist with and confer benefits to the host by mechanisms not attributable to adhesion to epithelial cells or mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, P,O, Box 66, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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A comparative pan-genome perspective of niche-adaptable cell-surface protein phenotypes in Lactobacillus rhamnosus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102762. [PMID: 25032833 PMCID: PMC4102537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a ubiquitously adaptable Gram-positive bacterium and as a typical commensal can be recovered from various microbe-accessible bodily orifices and cavities. Then again, other isolates are food-borne, with some of these having been long associated with naturally fermented cheeses and yogurts. Additionally, because of perceived health benefits to humans and animals, numerous L. rhamnosus strains have been selected for use as so-called probiotics and are often taken in the form of dietary supplements and functional foods. At the genome level, it is anticipated that certain genetic variances will have provided the niche-related phenotypes that augment the flexible adaptiveness of this species, thus enabling its strains to grow and survive in their respective host environments. For this present study, we considered it functionally informative to examine and catalogue the genotype-phenotype variation existing at the cell surface between different L. rhamnosus strains, with the presumption that this might be relatable to habitat preferences and ecological adaptability. Here, we conducted a pan-genomic study involving 13 genomes from L. rhamnosus isolates with various origins. In using a benchmark strain (gut-adapted L. rhamnosus GG) for our pan-genome comparison, we had focused our efforts on a detailed examination and description of gene products for certain functionally relevant surface-exposed proteins, each of which in effect might also play a part in niche adaptability among the other strains. Perhaps most significantly of the surface protein loci we had analyzed, it would appear that the spaCBA operon (known to encode SpaCBA-called pili having a mucoadhesive phenotype) is a genomic rarity and an uncommon occurrence in L. rhamnosus. However, for any of the so-piliated L. rhamnosus strains, they will likely possess an increased niche-specific fitness, which functionally might presumably be manifested by a protracted transient colonization of the gut mucosa or some similar microhabitat.
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Mpofu A, Linnemann AR, Sybesma W, Kort R, Nout M, Smid EJ. Development of a locally sustainable functional food based on mutandabota, a traditional food in southern Africa. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2591-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Le DTL, Tran TL, Duviau MP, Meyrand M, Guérardel Y, Castelain M, Loubière P, Chapot-Chartier MP, Dague E, Mercier-Bonin M. Unraveling the role of surface mucus-binding protein and pili in muco-adhesion of Lactococcus lactis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79850. [PMID: 24260308 PMCID: PMC3832589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of bacteria to mucus may favor their persistence within the gut and their beneficial effects to the host. Interactions between pig gastric mucin (PGM) and a natural isolate of Lactococcus lactis (TIL448) were measured at the single-cell scale and under static conditions, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In parallel, these interactions were monitored at the bacterial population level and under shear flow. AFM experiments with a L. lactis cell-probe and a PGM-coated surface revealed a high proportion of specific adhesive events (60%) and a low level of non-adhesive ones (2%). The strain muco-adhesive properties were confirmed by the weak detachment of bacteria from the PGM-coated surface under shear flow. In AFM, rupture events were detected at short (100−200 nm) and long distances (up to 600−800 nm). AFM measurements on pili and mucus-binding protein defective mutants demonstrated the comparable role played by these two surface proteinaceous components in adhesion to PGM under static conditions. Under shear flow, a more important contribution of the mucus-binding protein than the pili one was observed. Both methods differ by the way of probing the adhesion force, i.e. negative force contact vs. sedimentation and normal-to-substratum retraction vs. tangential detachment conditions, using AFM and flow chamber, respectively. AFM blocking assays with free PGM or O-glycan fractions purified from PGM demonstrated that neutral oligosaccharides played a major role in adhesion of L. lactis TIL448 to PGM. This study dissects L. lactis muco-adhesive phenotype, in relation with the nature of the bacterial surface determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Thanh Lam Le
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS, INP; LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, ITAV-UMS3039, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, LAAS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thi-Ly Tran
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS, INP; LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Duviau
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS, INP; LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Mickael Meyrand
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université de Lille1, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR 8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Mickaël Castelain
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS, INP; LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Loubière
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS, INP; LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Etienne Dague
- CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, ITAV-UMS3039, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, LAAS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (MMB); (ED)
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Université de Toulouse; INSA,UPS, INP; LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (MMB); (ED)
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Adhesion properties of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus kefiri to gastrointestinal mucus. J DAIRY RES 2013; 81:16-23. [PMID: 24168928 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mucus-binding properties of aggregating and non-aggregating potentially probiotic strains of kefir-isolated Lactobacillus kefiri, using different substrates. All the strains were able to adhere to commercial gastric mucin (MUCIN) and extracted mucus from small intestine (SIM) and colon (CM). The extraction of surface proteins from bacteria using LiCl or NaOH significantly reduced the adhesion of three selected strains (CIDCA 8348, CIDCA 83115 and JCM 5818); although a significant proportion (up to 50%) of S-layer proteins were not completely eliminated after treatments. The surface (S-layer) protein extracts from all the strains of Lb. kefiri were capable of binding to MUCIN, SIM or CM, and no differences were observed among them. The addition of their own surface protein extract increased adhesion of CIDCA 8348 and 83115 to MUCIN and SIM, meanwhile no changes in adhesion were observed for JCM 5818. None of the seven sugars tested had the ability to inhibit the adhesion of whole bacteria to the three mucus extracts. Noteworthy, the degree of bacterial adhesion reached in the presence of their own surface protein (S-layer) extract decreased to basal levels in the presence of some sugars, suggesting an interaction between the added sugar and the surface proteins. In conclusion, the ability of these food-isolated bacteria to adhere to gastrointestinal mucus becomes an essential issue regarding the biotechnological potentiality of Lb. kefiri for the food industry.
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Grześkowiak Ł, Endo A, Collado MC, Pelliniemi LJ, Beasley S, Salminen S. The effect of growth media and physical treatments on the adhesion properties of canine probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:539-45. [PMID: 23617818 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The manufacturing processes have been reported to influence the properties of probiotics with potential impact on health properties. The aim was to investigate the effect of different growth media and inactivation methods on the properties of canine-originated probiotic bacteria alone and in combination mixture. METHODS AND RESULTS Three established dog probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum VET9A, Lactobacillus plantarum VET14A and Lactobacillus rhamnosus VET16A, and their combination mixture were evaluated for their adhesion to dog mucus. The effect of different growth media, one reflecting laboratory and the other manufacturing conditions, and inactivation methods (95°C, 80°C and UV irradiation) on the mucus adhesion of the probiotic strains was characterized. Evaluation of dog probiotics was supported by cell visualization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Higher adhesion percentage was reported for probiotic strains growing in laboratory rather than in manufacturing conditions (P < 0.05). Inactivation by heat (95°C, 80°C) decreased the adhesion properties when strains were cultivated in soy-based growth media compared with those grown in MRS broth (P < 0.05). TEM observations uncovered differences in cell-surface components in nonviable forms of probiotic strains as compared with their viable forms. CONCLUSIONS Manufacturing process conditions such as growth media and pretreatment methods may significantly affect the adhesive ability of the tested strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Growth conditions, growth media, pretreatment methods and different probiotic combinations should be carefully considered for quality control of existing probiotics and for identification of new probiotics for dogs. These may also have an impact on health benefits for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Grześkowiak
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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du Toit E, Vesterlund S, Gueimonde M, Salminen S. Assessment of the effect of stress-tolerance acquisition on some basic characteristics of specific probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:51-6. [PMID: 23688551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of viable functional probiotics presupposes stability of strain features in the final product. We evaluated the impact of acquisition of heat-tolerance and subsequent freeze-drying on the adhesion properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Bifidobacterium animalis IF20/1 and on their ability to inhibit the adhesion of pathogens in a mucus model. Both fresh and freeze-dried cultures were evaluated. Significant differences were observed between fresh, freeze dried, fresh heat-tolerant and freeze dried heat-tolerant strains, especially in the ability of the freeze dried probiotics to exclude, displace or outcompete pathogens. Based on our study characterizing probiotic properties such as adhesion and competitive exclusion, it seems possible to adapt probiotics to processing stresses, such as heat, without significantly changing the probiotic properties of the strains assessed. This may provide new options for future probiotic production technology. However, our results also emphasize that the properties of the stress-adapted strains, as well as the effect of the production processes should always be assessed as these are strain-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elloise du Toit
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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33
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The role of cell surface architecture of lactobacilli in host-microbe interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:237921. [PMID: 23576850 PMCID: PMC3610365 DOI: 10.1155/2013/237921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species can exert health promoting effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) through many mechanisms, which include pathogen inhibition, maintenance of microbial balance, immunomodulation, and enhancement of the epithelial barrier function. Different species of the genus Lactobacillus can evoke different responses in the host, and not all strains of the same species can be considered beneficial. Strain variations may be related to diversity of the cell surface architecture of lactobacilli and the bacteria's ability to express certain surface components or secrete specific compounds in response to the host environment. Lactobacilli are known to modify their surface structures in response to stress factors such as bile and low pH, and these adaptations may help their survival in the face of harsh environmental conditions encountered in the GIT. In recent years, multiple cell surface-associated molecules have been implicated in the adherence of lactobacilli to the GIT lining, immunomodulation, and protective effects on intestinal epithelial barrier function. Identification of the relevant bacterial ligands and their host receptors is imperative for a better understanding of the mechanisms through which lactobacilli exert their beneficial effects on human health.
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Abstract
Probiotics are viable by definition, and viability of probiotics is often considered to be a prerequisite for the health benefits. Indeed, the overwhelming majority of clinical studies in the field have been performed with viable probiotics. However, it has also been speculated that some of the mechanisms behind the probiotic health effects may not be dependent on the viability of the cells and, therefore, is also possible that also non-viable probiotics could have some health benefits. The efficacy of non-viable probiotics has been assessed in a limited number of studies, with varying success. While it is clear that viable probiotics are more effective than non-viable probiotics and that, in many cases, viability is indeed a prerequisite for the health benefit, there are also some cases where it appears that non-viable probiotics could also have beneficial effects on human health.
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35
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Vinderola G, Zacarías M, Bockelmann W, Neve H, Reinheimer J, Heller K. Preservation of functionality of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis INL1 after incorporation of freeze-dried cells into different food matrices. Food Microbiol 2012; 30:274-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Baugher JL, Klaenhammer TR. Invited review: Application of omics tools to understanding probiotic functionality. J Dairy Sci 2012; 94:4753-65. [PMID: 21943727 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota comprises autochthonous species that colonize and reside at high levels permanently and allochthonous species that originate from another source and are transient residents of the human gut. The interactions between bacteria and the human host can be classified as a continuum from symbiosis and commensalism (mutualism) to pathogenesis. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Recent advances in omics tools and sequencing techniques have furthered our understanding of probiotic functionality and the specific interactions between probiotics and their human hosts. Although it is known that not all probiotics use the same mechanisms to confer benefits on hosts, some specific mechanisms of action have been revealed through omic investigations. These include competitive exclusion, bacteriocin-mediated protection against intestinal pathogens, intimate interactions with mucin and the intestinal epithelium, and modulation of the immune system. The ability to examine fully sequenced and annotated genomes has greatly accelerated the application of genetic approaches to elucidate many important functional roles of probiotic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Baugher
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
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37
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In vitrocomparison of commensal, probiotic and pathogenic strains ofEnterococcus faecalis. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:2043-53. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In vivostudies have provided evidence that micro-organisms have important roles in immunological, digestive and respiratory functions, conferring health benefits on the host. Severalin vitromethods have been advised for the initial screening of microbes with potential health effects. The objective of the present study was to employ suchin vitromethodology to characterise different strains ofEnterococcus faecalis. The characteristics of a commercial product marketed as a probiotic, Symbioflor-1 (Symbiopharm), were compared with the characteristics of both pathogenic and commensal strains. Tolerance towards low pH and viability after exposure to human gastric and duodenal juices were assayed. Symbioflor-1 was the most susceptible strain to these treatments when compared with the otherE. faecalisstrains. Furthermore, Symbioflor-1 exhibited the lowest adhesion capacity to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and mucus. Competitive binding studies using heparin indicated that glycosaminoglycans might be involved in the adhesion to IEC, but also that differences in these putative bacteria–host interactions do not cause the relative low adhesion capacity of Symbioflor-1. Maturation of dendritic cells (DC) after exposure to bacteria was assayed as an indication of an immunomodulatory effect. All strains induced a moderate elevation of the DC maturation markers CD83 and CD86; however, no strain-specific differences were detected. Correlations betweenin vitroandin vivostudies are discussed. Althoughin vitroassaying is a rational starting point for the selection of microbes with a potential health benefit, it is emphasised that human clinical trials are the definite tool for establishing probiotic status.
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Iñiguez-Palomares C, Jiménez-Flores R, Vázquez-Moreno L, Ramos-Clamont-Montfort G, Acedo-Félix E. Protein-carbohydrate interactions between Lactobacillus salivarius and pig mucins1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:3125-31. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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39
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Laakso K, Koskenniemi K, Koponen J, Kankainen M, Surakka A, Salusjärvi T, Auvinen P, Savijoki K, Nyman TA, Kalkkinen N, Tynkkynen S, Varmanen P. Growth phase-associated changes in the proteome and transcriptome of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in industrial-type whey medium. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 4:746-66. [PMID: 21883975 PMCID: PMC3815411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth phase during which probiotic bacteria are harvested and consumed can strongly influence their performance as health‐promoting agents. In this study, global transcriptomic and proteomic changes were studied in the widely used probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during growth in industrial‐type whey medium under strictly defined bioreactor conditions. The expression of 636 genes (P ≤ 0.01) and 116 proteins (P < 0.05) changed significantly over time. Of the significantly differentially produced proteins, 61 were associated with alterations at the transcript level. The most remarkable growth phase‐dependent changes occurred during the transition from the exponential to the stationary growth phase and were associated with the shift from glucose fermentation to galactose utilization and the transition from homolactic to mixed acid fermentation. Furthermore, several genes encoding proteins proposed to promote the survival and persistence of L. rhamnosus GG in the host and proteins that directly contribute to human health showed temporal changes in expression. Our results suggest that L. rhamnosus GG has a highly flexible and adaptable metabolism and that the growth stage during which bacterial cells are harvested and consumed should be taken into consideration to gain the maximal benefit from probiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Laakso
- Research and Development, Valio Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Functional characterization of a mucus-specific LPXTG surface adhesin from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4465-72. [PMID: 21602388 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02497-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the wealth of clinical evidence supporting the health benefits of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in humans, there is still a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind its probiosis. Current knowledge suggests that the health-promoting effects of this probiotic strain might be partly dependent on its persistence in the intestine and adhesion to mucosal surfaces. Moreover, L. rhamnosus GG contains mucus-binding pili that might also explain the occupation of its ecological niche as a comparatively less stringent allochthonous intestine-dwelling bacterium. To uncover additional surface proteins involved in mucosal adhesion, we investigated the adherence properties of the only predicted protein (LGG_02337) in L. rhamnosus GG that exhibits homology with a known mucus-binding domain. We cloned a recombinant form of the gene for this putative mucus adhesin and established that the purified protein readily adheres to human intestinal mucus. We also showed that this mucus adhesin is visibly distributed throughout the cell surface and participates in the adhesive interaction between L. rhamnosus GG and mucus, although less prominently than the mucus-binding pili in this strain. Based on primary structural comparisons, we concluded that the current annotation of the LGG_02337 protein likely does not accurately reflect its predicted properties, and we propose that this mucus-specific adhesin be called the mucus-binding factor (MBF). Finally, we interpret our results to mean that L. rhamnosus GG MBF, as an active mucus-specific surface adhesin with a presumed ancillary involvement in pilus-mediated mucosal adhesion, plays a part in the adherent mechanisms during intestinal colonization by this probiotic.
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41
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Ou CC, Lin SL, Tsai JJ, Lin MY. Heat-killed lactic acid bacteria enhance immunomodulatory potential by skewing the immune response toward Th1 polarization. J Food Sci 2011; 76:M260-7. [PMID: 22417436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat-killed lactic acid bacteria not only possess immunomodulatory functions but also provide the advantages of longer product shelf life, easier storage, and more convenient transportation. To establish appropriate heat treatments for the industrial preparation of probiotics with immunomodulatory effects, 4 different heat treatments were used to kill 11 strains of lactic acid bacteria. Comparisons among the strains and with viable forms were carried out in terms of immunomodulatory activity and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was employed to observe morphological changes in bacteria after heating. Among the 11 viable strains, Lactobacillus gasseri AI-88 was the strongest inducer of interferon-gamma (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-12p70 production. However, after heat treatments its stimulatory ability was attenuated. Heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis YM-73 and Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 strains showed enhanced stimulation of IFN-γ and IL-12p70 secretion and coincidental decrease in IL-13 production. The adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to Caco-2 cells decreased with increases in temperature. However, heat exposure did not influence immunomodulatory activity. With rising temperature, roughness and unevenness of bacterial cell surfaces increased significantly. The results indicated that heat-killed E. faecalis YM-73 and L. salivarius AP-32 have immunomodulatory ability via increased Th1-associated cytokines and reduced Th2-associated cytokines, switching the immune response from a Th2 toward a Th1 response. These 2 heat-killed strains have the potential for development as commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chyn Ou
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical Univ., 110, Sec. 1, Chienkuo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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42
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O'Flaherty S, Klaenhammer TR. The Impact of Omic Technologies on the Study of Food Microbes. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2011; 2:353-71. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030810-110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
| | - Todd R. Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695;
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CHENG SHAN, LIU CHENG, LI SHIFENG, SHEN QUN, ZHENG WEI. EFFECT OF CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS' SURFACE AGGLUTININ AND ITS PRECIPITATING ABILITY. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2008.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Deepika G, Charalampopoulos D. Surface and adhesion properties of lactobacilli. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2010; 70:127-52. [PMID: 20359456 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(10)70004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of lactobacilli are of significant technological importance as they determine the interaction of the bacterial cells with the gastrointestinal mucosa, and therefore influence their location in the gut and their functionality. Studying the surface of the bacteria is critical for understanding the adhesion process better. This review compiles the knowledge from studies on the characterization Lactobacillus surfaces and evaluates the potential relationship between the cells' physicochemical characteristics and their adhesive abilities. It also discusses the effect that the production processes, such as fermentation and drying, can exert on the surface properties and adhesion abilities of lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deepika
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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45
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Mucosal adhesion properties of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG SpaCBA and SpaFED pilin subunits. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2049-57. [PMID: 20118368 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01958-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a well-established Gram-positive probiotic strain, whose health-benefiting properties are dependent in part on prolonged residence in the gastrointestinal tract and are likely dictated by adherence to the intestinal mucosa. Previously, we identified two pilus gene clusters (spaCBA and spaFED) in the genome of this probiotic bacterium, each of which contained the predicted genes for three pilin subunits and a single sortase. We also confirmed the presence of SpaCBA pili on the cell surface and attributed an intestinal mucus-binding capacity to one of the pilin subunits (SpaC). Here, we report cloning of the remaining pilin genes (spaA, spaB, spaD, spaE, and spaF) in Escherichia coli, production and purification of the recombinant proteins, and assessment of the adherence of these proteins to human intestinal mucus. Our findings indicate that the SpaB and SpaF pilin subunits also exhibit substantial binding to mucus, which can be inhibited competitively in a dose-related manner. Moreover, the binding between the SpaB pilin subunit and the mucosal substrate appears to operate through electrostatic contacts and is not related to a recognized mucus-binding domain. We conclude from these results that it is conceivable that two pilin subunits (SpaB and SpaC) in the SpaCBA pilus fiber play a role in binding to intestinal mucus, but for the uncharacterized and putative SpaFED pilus fiber only a single pilin subunit (SpaF) is potentially responsible for adhesion to mucus.
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46
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Comparative genomic analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reveals pili containing a human- mucus binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:17193-8. [PMID: 19805152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0908876106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To unravel the biological function of the widely used probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, we compared its 3.0-Mbp genome sequence with the similarly sized genome of L. rhamnosus LC705, an adjunct starter culture exhibiting reduced binding to mucus. Both genomes demonstrated high sequence identity and synteny. However, for both strains, genomic islands, 5 in GG and 4 in LC705, punctuated the colinearity. A significant number of strain-specific genes were predicted in these islands (80 in GG and 72 in LC705). The GG-specific islands included genes coding for bacteriophage components, sugar metabolism and transport, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. One island only found in L. rhamnosus GG contained genes for 3 secreted LPXTG-like pilins (spaCBA) and a pilin-dedicated sortase. Using anti-SpaC antibodies, the physical presence of cell wall-bound pili was confirmed by immunoblotting. Immunogold electron microscopy showed that the SpaC pilin is located at the pilus tip but also sporadically throughout the structure. Moreover, the adherence of strain GG to human intestinal mucus was blocked by SpaC antiserum and abolished in a mutant carrying an inactivated spaC gene. Similarly, binding to mucus was demonstrated for the purified SpaC protein. We conclude that the presence of SpaC is essential for the mucus interaction of L. rhamnosus GG and likely explains its ability to persist in the human intestinal tract longer than LC705 during an intervention trial. The presence of mucus-binding pili on the surface of a nonpathogenic Gram-positive bacterial strain reveals a previously undescribed mechanism for the interaction of selected probiotic lactobacilli with host tissues.
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Kubota A, He F, Kawase M, Harata G, Hiramatsu M, Salminen S, Iino H. Lactobacillus strains stabilize intestinal microbiota in Japanese cedar pollinosis patients. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:198-205. [PMID: 19714856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to ascertain the intestinal microbiota-altering properties of LGG and L. gasseri TMC0356 (TMC0356) in Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica pollinosis patients. Fecal bacteria communities were examined before and after fermented milk administration using culture, FISH and T-RFLPmethods. Test group subjects showed the presence of LGG and TMC0356 along with a significant increase in fecal lactobacilli (P < 0.001) after giving LGG and TMC0356 fermented milk. Culture and FISH analysis revealed no significant changes in other intestinal bacterial groups. Each subject exhibited a characteristic T-RFLP profile pattern that varied quantitatively and qualitatively with JCP shedding. Profile changes were observed in 53% of placebo group subjects and in 21% of test group subject's post-administration, indicating that LGG and TMC0356 suppressed intestinal microbiota changes in JCPsis patients. The results suggest that intestinal microbiota might be more sensitive to exposure to environmental allergens than expected from the results of general culture method studies. Stabilization of intestinal microbiota by selected probiotic strains such as LGG and TMC0356 could be beneficial to homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota and useful in the management of JCPsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kubota
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-0023, Japan
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48
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Beck HC, Madsen SÃM, Glenting J, Petersen JÃ, Israelsen H, Nørrelykke MR, Antonsson M, Hansen AM. Proteomic analysis of cell surface-associated proteins from probioticLactobacillus plantarum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 297:61-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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49
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Marcináková M, Klingberg TD, Lauková A, Budde BB. The effect of pH, bile and calcium on the adhesion ability of probiotic enterococci of animal origin to the porcine jejunal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2. Anaerobe 2009; 16:120-4. [PMID: 19446648 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Examination of adhesion ability using a quantitative assay based on radiolabelled bacteria showed that 10 Enterococcus strains exhibited adhesion ability from 2 to 4%. Enterococcus faecium EF2019 (isolate from rabbit faeces, deponed to Czech Culture of Microorganisms in Brno, CCM 7420) showed the highest adhesion ability (4.0+/-0.4%). With regard to survival, all strains displayed good resistance towards 0.3% oxgall and HCl (pH 3.0). Pretreatment of strains with HCl (pH 3.0) significantly reduced their adhesion. Pretreatment of strains by oxgall significantly reduced the adhesion capacity of E. faecium EF2019, EF1839 and EF319 strains, while the adhesion ability of E. faecium EE3 (isolate from canine feed) slightly increased. Furthermore, addition of calcium (200 mmol/l) significantly increased (P<0.001) the adhesion ability for all strains tested. The adhesion ability of the isolates from rabbits, EF1839 and EF529, as well as the isolate EE3 (strain from canine feed) increased from 2-3% up to 50-55% upon calcium addition. Despite, in general low adhesive properties, strains can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Marcináková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltésovej 4-6, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia.
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50
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Van den Abbeele P, Grootaert C, Possemiers S, Verstraete W, Verbeken K, Van de Wiele T. In vitro model to study the modulation of the mucin-adhered bacterial community. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:349-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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