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OGAWA Y, EGUCHI M, SHIMOJI Y. Two Akabane virus glycoprotein Gc domains induce neutralizing antibodies in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:538-542. [PMID: 35197396 PMCID: PMC9096034 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV), belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus and family Peribunyaviridae, causes reproductive and congenital abnormalities in ruminants. Its envelope glycoprotein Gc is a neutralizing antigen, on which at least five distinct antigenic regions have been identified. We attempted to identify the domains using truncated recombinant AKAV Gc proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with AKAV-neutralizing activity. Dot blot analysis revealed that amino acid positions 1-97 and 189-397 (Gc1-97 and Gc189-397) in the truncated recombinant proteins reacted with the mAbs. Additionally, AKAV was neutralized by sera from mice immunized with these recombinant proteins. The results suggested that the two domains contain neutralizing epitopes and could be potential subunit vaccines against AKAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke OGAWA
- Division of Infectious Animal
Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food
Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro EGUCHI
- Division of Infectious Animal
Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food
Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro SHIMOJI
- Division of Infectious Animal
Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food
Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Institute for
Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Yeh JY, Ga YJ. Seroepidemiology of Aino Virus in Farmed and Free-Ranging Cervids in the Republic of Korea. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:702978. [PMID: 34490394 PMCID: PMC8417569 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.702978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aino virus is an infectious, non-contagious, vector-borne agent that has been implicated in arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in newborn cattle, sheep, and goats. Information about reservoirs and host animal species susceptible to Aino virus remains unclear. To further explore the role of cervids in Aino virus infection transmission, we investigated cervid sera to determine the prevalence of Aino virus-neutralizing antibodies and to identify factors correlated with antibody positivity. We screened cervid serum samples collected in the Republic of Korea to better understand infection patterns in this animal species. Overall, Aino virus infection was widespread; 75 of 716 (10.5%, 95% [95% CI] = 8.4-13.4) farmed-cervid serum samples collected from 292 herds contained antibodies to Aino virus. Serological evidence of Aino virus infection was demonstrated in 5 of 43 free-ranging cervids, accounting for a prevalence rate of ~11.6% (95% CI = 4.6-26.4). Our results revealed that age class and geographic location affected seroprevalence. The main risk factors associated with Aino virus seroprevalence were older age (> 2 years old, OR = 2.221, 95% CI = 1.209-4.079, P = 0.009 in adults), southern provinces (OR = 2.432, 95% CI = 1.445-4.093, P = 0.001), and western provinces (OR = 1.905, 95% CI = 1.041-3.488, P = 0.034). The results in this study suggest that cervid species might serve as important hosts for the transmission of Aino virus, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of Aino virus infections in cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yong Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
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3
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Kapuscinski ML, Bergren NA, Russell BJ, Lee JS, Borland EM, Hartman DA, King DC, Hughes HR, Burkhalter KL, Kading RC, Stenglein MD. Genomic characterization of 99 viruses from the bunyavirus families Nairoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, and Phenuiviridae, including 35 previously unsequenced viruses. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009315. [PMID: 33647063 PMCID: PMC7951987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunyaviruses (Negarnaviricota: Bunyavirales) are a large and diverse group of viruses that include important human, veterinary, and plant pathogens. The rapid characterization of known and new emerging pathogens depends on the availability of comprehensive reference sequence databases that can be used to match unknowns, infer evolutionary relationships and pathogenic potential, and make response decisions in an evidence-based manner. In this study, we determined the coding-complete genome sequences of 99 bunyaviruses in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Arbovirus Reference Collection, focusing on orthonairoviruses (family Nairoviridae), orthobunyaviruses (Peribunyaviridae), and phleboviruses (Phenuiviridae) that either completely or partially lacked genome sequences. These viruses had been collected over 66 years from 27 countries from vertebrates and arthropods representing 37 genera. Many of the viruses had been characterized serologically and through experimental infection of animals but were isolated in the pre-sequencing era. We took advantage of our unusually large sample size to systematically evaluate genomic characteristics of these viruses, including reassortment, and co-infection. We corroborated our findings using several independent molecular and virologic approaches, including Sanger sequencing of 197 genome segments, and plaque isolation of viruses from putative co-infected virus stocks. This study contributes to the described genetic diversity of bunyaviruses and will enhance the capacity to characterize emerging human pathogenic bunyaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylee L. Kapuscinski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Bergren
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brandy J. Russell
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Justin S. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Borland
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Hartman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David C. King
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Holly R. Hughes
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kristen L. Burkhalter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebekah C. Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Evolutionary history of Simbu serogroup orthobunyaviruses in the Australian episystem. Virology 2019; 535:32-44. [PMID: 31261025 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Orthobunyaviruses of the Simbu serogroup are transmitted by insects (primarily biting midges) and infect mammals and/or birds. Many have been associated with disease in livestock or humans. The orthobunyavirus genome comprises three negative-sense RNA segments (L, M and S). We report the complete coding sequences of 57 isolates of Simbu serogroup viruses collected in Australia during 1968-1984. Phylogenetic analysis identified novel genogroups of Akabane virus (AKAV), Aino virus (AINOV) and Peaton virus, and provided evidence of constrained movement of AKAV between epidemiological systems in the northern and eastern regions of the continent. Differential clustering of AKAV isolates in trees inferred from L, M and S segments was indicative of intratypic segment reassortment. Similarly, intertypic segment reassortment was detected between AKAV and Tinaroo virus, and between AINOV and Douglas virus. L segments representing novel genogroups were detected in AINOV reassortants, suggesting the presence of unidentified Simbu group viruses in the episystem.
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Wang J, Blasdell KR, Yin H, Walker PJ. A large-scale serological survey of Akabane virus infection in cattle, yak, sheep and goats in China. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:7-12. [PMID: 28757043 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) is a member of the Simbu serogroup, classified in the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae. AKAV infection can cause abortion, stillbirth, and congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in cattle and sheep. The distribution and prevalence of AKAV infection in China is still unknown. A total of 2731 sera collected from 2006 to 2015 in 24 provinces of China from cattle, sheep, goats and yak were examined by serum neutralisation test. The overall seroprevalence rates for AKAV antibodies were 21.3% in cattle (471/2215) and 12.0% (17/142) in sheep or goats, and 0% in yak (0/374). The results indicated widespread AKAV infection in China among cattle and sheep but yak appear to have a low risk of infection. Using a selection of 50 AKAV-positive and 25 AKAV-negative cattle sera, neutralisation tests were also conducted to detect antibodies to several other Simbu serogroup bunyaviruses and closely related Leanyer virus. Although inconclusive, the data suggest that both Aino virus and Peaton virus, which have been reported previously in Japan and Korea, may also be present in cattle in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Wang
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3200, Victoria, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3200, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong 3200, Victoria, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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Takenaka-Uema A, Sugiura K, Bangphoomi N, Shioda C, Uchida K, Kato K, Haga T, Murakami S, Akashi H, Horimoto T. Development of an improved reverse genetics system for Akabane bunyavirus. J Virol Methods 2016; 232:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lee JH, Seo HJ, Park JY, Kim SH, Cho YS, Kim YJ, Cho IS, Jeoung HY. Detection and differentiation of Schmallenberg, Akabane and Aino viruses by one-step multiplex reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR assay. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:270. [PMID: 26497392 PMCID: PMC4619357 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Akabane virus (AKAV) and Aino virus (AINV) are members of the Simbu serogroup within the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae, which can cause reproductive disorders including abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformation in ruminants. Because, the clinical signs are similar, confirmatory diagnosis requires viral detection to differentiate infection between these three viruses. METHODS In this study, a one-step multiplex reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (one-step mRT-qPCR) was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of SBV, AKAV and AINV. RESULTS The detection limit of the one-step mRT-qPCR for SBV, AKAV and AINV were 2.4 copies (10 (0.6) TCID 50/ml), 96.2 copies (10 (1.5) TCID 50/ml) and 52.3 copies (10 (1.2) TCID 50/ml), respectively. Various field samples such as bovine serum, bovine whole blood, bovine brain, goat serum and Culicoides were analyzed using the one-step mRT-qPCR and compared with previously published RT-qPCRs. The test results of the field samples were identical for the one-step mRT-qPCR and RT-qPCRs, which showed all samples to be negative for SBV, AKAV and AINV, except for one bovine brain sample (1/123) that was positive for AKAV. CONCLUSION The one-step mRT-qPCR allows for the simultaneous detection of three viral pathogens (SBV, AKAV and AINV) that cause reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ji Seo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Yong Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Sang Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea.
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Bangphoomi N, Takenaka-Uema A, Sugi T, Kato K, Akashi H, Horimoto T. Akabane virus utilizes alternative endocytic pathways to entry into mammalian cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1471-8. [PMID: 25056673 PMCID: PMC4272979 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The entry mechanisms of
Akabane virus (AKAV), Bunyaviridae family, have not yet been determined.
In this study, chemical inhibitors were used to analyze endocytic mechanisms during AKAV
infection of mammalian cell lines. The analyses using drug treatments followed by
quantitative measurement of viral RNA and N protein revealed that AKAV enters
non-bovine-derived cell lines (Vero, HmLu-1 and BHK cells) in a manner indicative of
clathrin endocytosis. By contrast, AKAV infection in bovine-derived cell lines (LB9.K and
MDBK cells) is independent of this pathway. Further analyses indicated that AKAV entry
into bovine cell lines involves a non-clathrin, non-caveolae endocytic pathway that is
dependent on dynamin. We conclude that although both cell types require a low pH for AKAV
penetration, AKAV utilizes alternative entry pathways into mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norasuthi Bangphoomi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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9
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Development and validation of an indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the detection of antibodies against Schmallenberg virus in blood samples from ruminants. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:731-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Briese T, Calisher CH, Higgs S. Viruses of the family Bunyaviridae: are all available isolates reassortants? Virology 2013; 446:207-16. [PMID: 24074583 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Viruses of the family Bunyaviridae (the bunyaviruses) possess three distinct linear, single-stranded, negative sense or ambisense RNA segments (large, medium, and small). Dual infections of arthropod and perhaps vertebrate and plant hosts provide substantial opportunity for segment reassortment and an increasingly recognized number of the nearly 300 viruses in this family have been shown to be reassortants. Reassortment of RNA segments (genetic shift) complements genetic drift (accumulation of point mutations) as a powerful mechanism underlying bunyavirus evolution. Here we consider the possibility, if not likelihood, that most if not all bunyaviruses currently recognized may represent reassortants, some of which may be reassortants of existing viruses, and some of which may be reassortants of extinct viruses. If this hypothesis is correct, then the roots of the family and genus trees of bunyaviruses as currently described (or ignored) are incomplete or incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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12
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Sequence and phylogenetic data indicate that an orthobunyavirus recently detected in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico is a novel reassortant of Potosi and Cache Valley viruses. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1199-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Chowdhary R, Street C, Travassos da Rosa A, Nunes MRT, Tee KK, Hutchison SK, Vasconcelos PFC, Tesh RB, Lipkin WI, Briese T. Genetic characterization of the Wyeomyia group of orthobunyaviruses and their phylogenetic relationships. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1023-1034. [PMID: 22278828 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.039479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses can give new insights into the evolutionary history of viruses, especially of viruses with segmented genomes. However, sequence information for many viral families or genera is still limited and phylogenies based on single or short genome fragments can be misleading. We report the first genetic analysis of all three genome segments of Wyeomyia group viruses Wyeomyia, Taiassui, Macaua, Sororoca, Anhembi and Cachoeira Porteira (BeAr328208) in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. In addition, Tucunduba and Iaco viruses were identified as members of the Wyeomyia group. Features of Wyeomyia group members that distinguish them from other viruses in the Bunyamwera serogroup and from other orthobunyaviruses, including truncated NSs sequences that may not counteract the host's interferon response, were characterized. Our findings also suggest genome reassortment within the Wyeomyia group, identifying Macaua and Tucunduba viruses as M-segment reassortants that, in the case of Tucunduba virus, may have altered pathogenicity, stressing the need for whole-genome sequence information to facilitate characterization of orthobunyaviruses and their phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Chowdhary
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig Street
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marcio R T Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kok Keng Tee
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pedro F C Vasconcelos
- Center for Technological Innovation, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - W Ian Lipkin
- Department of Pathology and Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Development of inactivated trivalent vaccine for the teratogenic Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses. Biologicals 2011; 39:152-7. [PMID: 21411335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses are arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses transmitted by blood-sucking insects like mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges. These arbovirus infections are mainly associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital defects in pregnant cattle, sheep and goats, which induces a considerable economic loss in livestock industry. The viruses seem to be widely distributed in Southeast Asia and Australia. As a control strategy, an inactivated trivalent vaccine against Aino, Akabane and Chuzan virus was developed by using binary ethylenimine or formalin as an inactivating agent. The newly developed trivalent vaccine is evaluated for its safety and immunogenicity in animals such as mice, guinea pigs and cattle. The immune responses were significantly detected within 2-weeks after second vaccination without any side effects. Since the field application of experimental vaccine also revealed increased antibodies in inoculated cattle, we demonstrated that these trivalent vaccines could be used as a vaccine to control the arboviral infections in ruminants.
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Ogawa Y, Sugiura K, Kato K, Tohya Y, Akashi H. Rescue of Akabane virus (family Bunyaviridae) entirely from cloned cDNAs by using RNA polymerase I. J Gen Virol 2008; 88:3385-3390. [PMID: 18024908 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse-genetic systems are often used to study different aspects of the viral life cycle. To date, three rescue systems have been developed for the family Bunyaviridae. These systems use T7 RNA polymerase, which is generally used in rescue systems for Mononegavirales. In the present study, we describe a rescue system for Akabane virus (family Bunyaviridae) that uses cDNAs and RNA polymerase I instead of T7 RNA polymerase. The utility of this system was demonstrated by the generation of a mutant with a deletion of the non-structural protein (NSs) on the S RNA segment. These results offer a new option for bunyavirus rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Ogawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keita Sugiura
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kato
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Tohya
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Akashi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Kobayashi T, Yanase T, Yamakawa M, Kato T, Yoshida K, Tsuda T. Genetic diversity and reassortments among Akabane virus field isolates. Virus Res 2007; 130:162-71. [PMID: 17659802 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out for 35 Akabane virus (AKAV) field isolates collected from Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Kenya, and for one Tinaroo virus (TINV). Of the three RNA segments, the M RNA segment encoding the glycoproteins that induce neutralization antibodies was the most variable among the isolates. The difference in the M RNA segments among Asian (Japanese and Taiwanese) isolates was not large (<12.3% nucleotide (nt) and <5.9% amino acid (aa) differences), rather than those between Asian and Australian isolates (13.4-14.9% nt and 6.2-8.2% aa difference). In phylogenetic trees, the Australian isolates form a separate branch from Asian isolates. All three RNA segments of the Kenyan isolate MP496 were genetically distant from those of the other AKAV field isolates. Although the S and L RNA segments of TINV, which is regarded as a strain of AKAV, was closely related to those of the Asian and Australian AKAV isolates, the M RNA was divergent that of the most distant AKAV isolate, MP496. Discrepancies among the phylogenetic trees of the S, M and L RNA segments indicate genomic reassortment events among AKAV field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Kobayashi
- Division 1, Second Production Department, the Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, 1-6-1 Okubo, Kumamoto 860-8568, Japan
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Lim SI, Kweon CH, Tark DS, Kim SH, Yang DK. Sero-survey on Aino, Akabane, Chuzan, bovine ephemeral fever and Japanese encephalitis virus of cattle and swine in Korea. J Vet Sci 2007; 8:45-9. [PMID: 17322773 PMCID: PMC2872696 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne arboviruses produce mild to severe symptoms in domestic animals. Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan virus have been primarily attributed to reproductive disorders or febrile diseases in cattle, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is mainly associated with reproductive failures in swine. We investigated antibody titers from domestic swine against four bovine arboviruses (BEF, Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan virus) and from cattle against JEV in Korea. While the positive rates for Akabane and BEF were 37.4% and 15.7%, the positive incidence of Chuzan and Aino were relatively low, with positive rates of 3.04% and 0.4%, respectively, based on a virus neutralization assay. Antibody titers against more than one virus were also frequently detected in domestic swine. The incidence of JEV was 51.3% among domestic cattle. In addition, one positive case was detected in the thoracic fluids from 35 aborted calves, based on the hemagglutination inhibition test. Our results indicate that swine are susceptible hosts of bovine arboviruses without showing clinical symptoms in a natural environment. Moreover, we confirmed that JEV could be associated with reproductive failure in pregnant cattle, as were other vector-borne bovine arboviruses assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong In Lim
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Anyang 430-824, Korea
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18
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Ogawa Y, Kato K, Tohya Y, Akashi H. Characterization of temperature-sensitive Akabane virus mutants and their roles in attenuation. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1679-86. [PMID: 17533552 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-0991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) of the genus Orthobunyavirus in the family Bunyaviridae is an important animal pathogen; however, studies on AKAV biology are scarce. Therefore, we generated temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of AKAV in order to study its pathogenesis. The ts AKAV mutants were generated by incubating the virulent OBE-1 strain with the chemical mutagen 5-fluorouracil. Each ts mutant was inoculated intracerebrally into mice to assess its virulence, and the genomic sequences of the attenuated mutants were also determined. Three of the twelve ts mutants studied showed a mortality rate of less than 10%. Although no mutation was detected in the S RNA segment of these three mutants, amino acid substitutions were observed in both the M and L RNA segments. Three of the mutants and the wild-type virus demonstrated a similar pattern of immunoreactivity in an ELISA with anti-Gc monoclonal antibodies. On the other hand, using a minireplicon system, the level of L protein activity of each ts mutant decreased as the temperature increased. These results suggest that the L RNA segment could be involved in the virulence of AKAV, which increases our understanding of how the viral gene products contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Ogawa Y, Kato K, Tohya Y, Akashi H. Sequence determination and functional analysis of the Akabane virus (family Bunyaviridae) L RNA segment. Arch Virol 2007; 152:971-9. [PMID: 17216138 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) causes epizootic congenital deformities in cattle, sheep, and goats. Due to the lack of a complete genome sequence, the molecular biological properties of this virus are not known. We have cloned and sequenced the functional large (L) RNA segment of AKAV, and shown that it has polymerase activity using a minireplicon system with RNA polymerase I. The complete L RNA segment is 6868 nucleotides long and encodes an L protein of 2251 amino acids, which functions as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. A minireplicon reporter plasmid was constructed by flanking either the firefly luciferase or the green fluorescent protein gene in the antisense orientation with the 5'- and 3'-terminal noncoding regions of the small RNA segment. HmLu-1 cells were transfected with the reporter plasmid, and the L protein and nucleoprotein (N protein) expression plasmids. The reporter activity was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner with increasing concentration of either the L or N protein expression plasmid. Furthermore, the reporter activity could be downregulated by the AKAV NSs protein as well as by other orthobunyaviruses. These results show that the AKAV minireplicon system is a powerful tool for studying transcription and for rescuing infectious viruses from cloned cDNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Yanase T, Kato T, Yamakawa M, Takayoshi K, Nakamura K, Kokuba T, Tsuda T. Genetic characterization of Batai virus indicates a genomic reassortment between orthobunyaviruses in nature. Arch Virol 2006; 151:2253-60. [PMID: 16820982 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two viruses were isolated from bovine blood in the southernmost part of Japan in 1994 and 2001, respectively. Genetic analyses showed that the viruses were Batai virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. The sequencing of three genomic RNA segments of the Japanese and Malaysian Batai virus strains revealed that the M RNA segment of Batai virus had high sequence identity with that of Ngari virus. Our results indicate that Ngari virus is a genetic reassortant with S and L RNA segments from Bunyamwera virus and an M RNA segment from Batai virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Kagoshima, Japan.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Yadav
- Department of Bioinformatics, American Type Culture Collection, (ATCC), P.O. Box 1549, Manassas, VA 20108, USA.
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22
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Yanase T, Yoshida K, Ohashi S, Kato T, Tsuda T. Sequence analysis of the medium RNA segment of three Simbu serogroup viruses, Akabane, Aino, and Peaton viruses. Virus Res 2003; 93:63-9. [PMID: 12727343 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(03)00066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The sequence analysis was carried out for the medium (M) RNA segment of the Akabane virus (AKAV), Aino virus (AINV), and Peaton virus (PEAV) of the Simbu serogroup of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. The complementary sequences of the M RNA segments of AKAV, AINV, and PEAV contain a single large open reading frame (ORF), like other orthobunyaviruses. The ORFs potentially encode 1401 amino acids (aa), 1404 aa, and 1400 aa polypeptides, respectively. The identity of the M segment among these viruses is remarkably low, although previous researchers reported that the small RNA segments are highly conserved. Because the M segment codes for the viral surface glycoproteins G1 and G2, the variability of the M segment may affect the antigenicity of these viruses. Phylogenetic studies based on the M and S segment sequences suggested that genetic reassortment has been occurring among ancestral viruses of the three Simbu serogroup viruses throughout their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yanase
- Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Chuzan 2702, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan.
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Saeed MF, Li L, Wang H, Weaver SC, Barrett ADT. Phylogeny of the Simbu serogroup of the genus Bunyavirus. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:2173-2181. [PMID: 11514727 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Simbu serogroup of the genus Bunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae contains 25 viruses. Previous serological studies provided important information regarding some but not all of the relationships among Simbu serogroup viruses. This report describes the nucleotide sequence determination of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of the small genomic segment of 14 Simbu serogroup viruses and partial nucleotide sequence determination of the G2 glycoprotein-coding region (encoded by the medium RNA segment) of 19 viruses. The overall phylogeny of the Simbu serogroup inferred from analyses of the N gene was similar to that inferred from analyses of the G2 protein-coding region. Both analyses revealed that the Simbu serogroup viruses have evolved into at least five major phylogenetic lineages. In general, these phylogenetic lineages were consistent with the previous serological data, but provided a more detailed understanding of the relatedness amongst many viruses. In comparison to previous phylogenetic studies on the California and Bunyamwera serogroups of the Bunyavirus genus, the Simbu serogroup displays much larger genetic variation in the N gene (up to 40% amino acid sequence divergence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Saeed
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2Department of Pathology and 3Center for Tropical Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2Department of Pathology and 3Center for Tropical Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Heiman Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2Department of Pathology and 3Center for Tropical Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2Department of Pathology and 3Center for Tropical Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2Department of Pathology and 3Center for Tropical Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Saeed MF, Wang H, Suderman M, Beasley DW, Travassos da Rosa A, Li L, Shope RE, Tesh RB, Barrett AD. Jatobal virus is a reassortant containing the small RNA of Oropouche virus. Virus Res 2001; 77:25-30. [PMID: 11451484 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Jatobal (JAT) virus was isolated in 1985 from a carnivore (Nasua nasua) in Tucuruí, Pará state, Brazil and was classified as a distinct member of the Simbu serogroup of the Bunyavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae on the basis of neutralization tests. On the basis of nucleotide sequencing, we have found that the small (S) RNA of JAT virus is very similar (>95% identity) to that of Oropouche (ORO) virus, in particular, the Peruvian genotype of ORO virus. In comparison, limited nucleotide sequencing of the G2 protein gene, encoded by the middle (M) RNA, of JAT and ORO viruses, revealed relatively little identity (<66%) between these two viruses. Neutralization tests confirmed the lack of cross-reactivity between the viruses. These results suggest that JAT virus is a reassortant containing the S RNA of ORO virus. JAT virus was attenuated in hamsters compared to ORO virus suggesting that the S RNA of ORO virus is not directly involved in hamster virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Saeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555-1019, Galveston, TX, USA
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25
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Wang H, Beasley DW, Li L, Holbrook MR, Barrett AD. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the medium RNA segment of Oropouche, a Simbu serogroup virus: comparison with the middle RNA of Bunyamwera and California serogroup viruses. Virus Res 2001; 73:153-62. [PMID: 11172919 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bunyavirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae contains 18 serogroups. To date nucleotide sequence data has been obtained for three serogroups, Bunyamwera, California and Simbu, based on analysis of the small (S) RNA segment. In comparison, there is only nucleotide sequence data for the large and medium (M) RNA segments for members of the Bunyamwera and California serogroups. In this paper we report the nucleotide sequence of the M RNA of Oropouche (ORO) virus, a member of the Simbu serogroup. The M RNA was 4396 nucleotides in length with G1, G2 and NSm proteins similar in size to those reported for members of the Bunyamwera and California serogroups. However, there was limited nucleotide (50-52%) and amino acid (30-32%) homology between ORO virus M RNA and those of published members of the other two serogroups. The Bunyamwera and California serogroups are more closely related to each other than the Simbu serogroup virus Oropouche. These data were consistent with that previously reported for the S RNA (Saeed et al., 2000. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 743-748). It has been noted previously that three of four potential N-linked glycosylation sites of the Bunayamwera and California serogroups are conserved in G1 and G2 proteins. In contrast, ORO virus was found to have only three potential N-linked glycosylation sites of which only one, in G1, was conserved with members of the other two serogroups. Comparison of M RNA sequences of different strains of ORO virus revealed genetic variation consistent with that reported previously for the S RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
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26
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Saeed MF, Wang H, Nunes M, Vasconcelos PF, Weaver SC, Shope RE, Watts DM, Tesh RB, Barrett AD. Nucleotide sequences and phylogeny of the nucleocapsid gene of Oropouche virus. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:743-8. [PMID: 10675412 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-3-743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the S RNA segment of the Oropouche (ORO) virus prototype strain TRVL 9760 was determined and found to be 754 nucleotides in length. In the virion-complementary orientation, the RNA contained two overlapping open reading frames of 693 and 273 nucleotides that were predicted to encode proteins of 231 and 91 amino acids, respectively. Subsequently, the nucleotide sequences of the nucleocapsid genes of 27 additional ORO virus strains, representing a 42 year interval and a wide geographical range in South America, were determined. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all the ORO virus strains formed a monophyletic group that comprised three distinct lineages. Lineage I contained the prototype strain from Trinidad and most of the Brazilian strains, lineage II contained six Peruvian strains isolated between 1992 and 1998, and two strains from western Brazil isolated in 1991, while lineage III comprised four strains isolated in Panama during 1989.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
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