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Vegad U, Patel M, Khunt D, Zupančič O, Chauhan S, Paudel A. pH stimuli-responsive hydrogels from non-cellulosic biopolymers for drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1270364. [PMID: 37781530 PMCID: PMC10540072 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1270364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, there has been significant growth in the design and development of more efficient and advanced biomaterials based on non-cellulosic biological macromolecules. In this context, hydrogels based on stimuli-responsive non-cellulosic biological macromolecules have garnered significant attention because of their intrinsic physicochemical properties, biological characteristics, and sustainability. Due to their capacity to adapt to physiological pHs with rapid and reversible changes, several researchers have investigated pH-responsive-based non-cellulosic polymers from various materials. pH-responsive hydrogels release therapeutic substances in response to pH changes, providing tailored administration, fewer side effects, and improved treatment efficacy while reducing tissue damage. Because of these qualities, they have been shown to be useful in a wide variety of applications, including the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, biological material, and natural components. The pH-sensitive biopolymers that are utilized most frequently include chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, guar gum, and dextran. In this review article, the emphasis is placed on pH stimuli-responsive materials that are based on biological macromolecules for the purposes of drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaykumar Vegad
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Megha Patel
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
| | - Sanjay Chauhan
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Graz, Austria
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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2
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Dangi D, Mattoo M, Kumar V, Sharma P. Synthesis and characterization of galactomannan polymer hydrogel and sustained drug delivery. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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3
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Rehman HU, Farooq U, Akram K, Shabbir H, Hussain A. Microencapsulation of wheat germ oil by external gelation and its oil release characteristics. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez ur Rehman
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
- Department of Food Science and Technology MNS University of Agriculture Multan Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akram
- Department of Food Sciences Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Hassan Shabbir
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Aashiq Hussain
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
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Dangi D, Sharma P, Kumar V. Preparation of galactomannan based viscosifiers using bifunctional crosslinker: Case studies using 2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dangi
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division Forest Research Institute Dehradun India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division Forest Research Institute Dehradun India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division Forest Research Institute Dehradun India
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Recent Advances in Dissolution Testing and Their Use to Improve In Vitro–In Vivo Correlations in Oral Drug Formulations. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sharma S, Tiwari S. RETRACTED: A review on biomacromolecular hydrogel classification and its applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:737-747. [PMID: 32553961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Author. The work included substantial parts copied without attribution from a prior work by Varaprasad et al (2017): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.096
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, (UP), India.
| | - Shachi Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, (UP), India
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Sarangi MK, Rao MEB, Parcha V. Smart polymers for colon targeted drug delivery systems: a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1785455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Postgraduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Dehradun, India
- Bijupatnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - M. E. Bhanoji Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Howrah, India
| | - Versha Parcha
- Department of Pharmacy, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Postgraduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research, Dehradun, India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun, India
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Mahto A, Mishra S. Design, development and validation of guar gum based pH sensitive drug delivery carrier via graft copolymerization reaction using microwave irradiations. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:278-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Guar gum and its composites as potential materials for diverse applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:534-545. [PMID: 30143160 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polymers are currently of prime importance among which polysaccharides occupies superior position due to their easy availability, eco- friendly and non-toxic nature. Guar gum, one of the naturally occurring polymer, is a galactomannan acquired by ground endosperm of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus or Cyamopsis psoraloides. It belongs to the family leguminosae. Presence of large number of hydroxyl groups increases its H- bonding ability when dissolved in water that enhance the viscosity and gelling properties of the guar gum solution. Based upon these properties, guar gum is used in several industries such as textile, food, petrochemical, mining and paper for varied applications. It is used as suspending, emulsifying, gelling and stabilising agent in the conventional dosage forms. Last few decades have marked the increase in development of various composites of guar gum that have intrinsic utilization in various fields. Immobilization of guar gum with the others not only enhances its properties but also enriches its utilization in numerous fields for diverse applications such as water purification, drug delivery, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, etc. Guar gum derivatives are found to have therapeutic importance in certain physiological disorders also. In this review article, we have summarized various possible composites of guar gum and their most probable applications in different fields.
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Rizwan M, Yahya R, Hassan A, Yar M, Azzahari AD, Selvanathan V, Sonsudin F, Abouloula CN. pH Sensitive Hydrogels in Drug Delivery: Brief History, Properties, Swelling, and Release Mechanism, Material Selection and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E137. [PMID: 30970818 PMCID: PMC6432076 DOI: 10.3390/polym9040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the safety efficacy ratio of existing drugs is a current challenge to be addressed rather than the development of novel drugs which involve much expense and time. The efficacy of drugs is affected by a number of factors such as their low aqueous solubility, unequal absorption along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, risk of degradation in the acidic milieu of the stomach, low permeation of the drugs in the upper GI tract, systematic side effects, etc. This review aims to enlighten readers on the role of pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery, their mechanism of action, swelling, and drug release as a function of pH change along the GI tract. The basis for the selection of materials, their structural features, physical and chemical properties, the presence of ionic pendant groups, and the influence of their pKa and pKb values on the ionization, consequent swelling, and targeted drug release are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rosiyah Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Aziz Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Vidhya Selvanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Sonsudin
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Cheyma Naceur Abouloula
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Semlalia Marrakesh, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco.
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Gamma scintigraphic studies on guar gum-based compressed coated tablets for colonic delivery of theophylline in healthy volunteers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Thombare N, Jha U, Mishra S, Siddiqui MZ. Guar gum as a promising starting material for diverse applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:361-72. [PMID: 27044346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Guar gum is the powdered endosperm of the seeds of the Cyamopsis tetragonolobus which is a leguminous crop. The endosperm contains a complex polysaccharide called galactomannan, which is a polymer of d-galactose and d-mannose. This hydroxyl group rich polymer when added to water forms hydrogen bonding imparting significant viscosity and thickening to the solution. Due to its thickening, emulsifying, binding and gelling properties, quick solubility in cold water, wide pH stability, film forming ability and biodegradability, it finds applications in large number of industries. In last few decades a lot of research has been done on guar gum to fit it into particular application, as such or by its structural modifications. This review gives an overview of the nature, chemistry and properties of guar gum and discusses recent developments in its modifications and applications in major industries like hydraulic fracturing, explosives, food, agriculture, textile, paper, cosmetics, bioremediation, drug delivery, medical and pharmaceuticals. This article would help researchers engaged in biopolymer area and other end-users who want to begin research in natural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandkishore Thombare
- Processing and Product Development Divisios.n, ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Namkum, Ranchi 834010, India.
| | - Usha Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Sumit Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - M Z Siddiqui
- Processing and Product Development Divisios.n, ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Namkum, Ranchi 834010, India
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Hadi MA, Raghavendra Rao N, Srinivasa Rao A. Formulation and evaluation of ileo-colonic targeted matrix-mini-tablets of Naproxen for chronotherapeutic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 24:64-73. [PMID: 26903770 PMCID: PMC4720005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this present research work, the aim was to develop ileo-colonic targeted matrix-mini-tablets-filled capsule system of Naproxen for chronotherapeutic treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. So Matrix-mini-tablets of Naproxen were prepared using microsomal enzyme dependent and pH-sensitive polymers by direct compression method which were further filled into an empty HPMC capsule. The compatibility was assessed using FT-IR and DSC studies for pure drug, polymers and their physical mixtures. The prepared batches were subjected to physicochemical studies, drug content estimation, in-vitro drug release and stability studies. When FTIR and DSC studies were performed, it was found that there was no interaction between Naproxen and polymers used. The physicochemical properties of all the prepared matrix-mini-tablets batches were found to be in limits. The drug content percentage in the optimized formulation F18 was found to be 99.24 ± 0.10%. Our optimized matrix-mini-tablets-filled-capsule formulation F18 releases Naproxen after a lag time of 2.45 ± 0.97 h and 27.30 ± 0.86%, 92.59 ± 0.47%, 99.38 ± 0.69% at the end of 5, 8, 12 h respectively. This formulation was also found to be stable as per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Thus, a novel ileo-colonic targeted delivery system of Naproxen was successfully developed by filling matrix-mini-tablets into an empty HPMC capsule shell for targeting early morning peak symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abdul Hadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Yenkapally (V), Moinabad (M), R. R. District, Hyderabad 500075, Telangana, India
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9949444787.
| | - N.G. Raghavendra Rao
- Moonray Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Raikal, Shadnagar, N.H-44, Mahaboobnagar District 509202, Telangana, India
| | - A. Srinivasa Rao
- Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Yenkapally (V), Moinabad (M), R. R. District, Hyderabad 500075, Telangana, India
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Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mahammed N, Gowda DV, Deshpande RD, Thirumaleshwar S. Design of phosphated cross-linked microspheres of bael fruit gum as a biodegradable carrier. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:42-51. [PMID: 24668152 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Present work was aimed at designing of phosphated cross-linked microspheres of bael fruit gum (BFG) by emulsification method using sodium-tri-meta phosphate as a cross-linking agent for treatment of colon cancer using 5-fluorouracil as model drug. Stirring speed was found to be 1,000 rpm for about 5 h to be optimal to obtain reproducible microspheres. It was found that there is an increase in particle size as polymer concentration is increased whereas a reduction in particle size was observed as there is increase in stirring speed. Cross-linked BFG microspheres were successfully prepared by emulsification method. Optimum surfactant concentration was found to be 2 % w/w. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the drug-loaded microspheres were non-aggregated and in spherical shape. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopy studies showed that drug and excipients are compatible. Release studies showed that drug release was more profound in cecal medium induced with enzymes causing degradation of the cross linked BFG than that of the release showed in simulated intestinal fluid. Stability studies showed that there were no significant changes in the drug content and physical appearance of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Mahammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysore, 570015, Karnataka, India
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Kotla NG, Gulati M, Singh SK, Shivapooja A. Facts, fallacies and future of dissolution testing of polysaccharide based colon-specific drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 178:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Malayandi R, Kondamudi PK, Ruby PK, Aggarwal D. Biopharmaceutical considerations and characterizations in development of colon targeted dosage forms for inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 4:187-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Overcoming therapeutic obstacles in inflammatory bowel diseases: A comprehensive review on novel drug delivery strategies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:712-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lai H, Lin K, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Jie L, Wu Y, He Q. Development of pH- and enzyme-controlled, colon-targeted, pulsed delivery system of a poorly water-soluble drug: preparation and in vitro evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 36:81-92. [PMID: 19640246 DOI: 10.3109/03639040903092335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As conventional pH-controlled colon-targeted system used for oral drug delivery often shows a poor performance, a more effective way to preserve poorly water-soluble drug from releasing in upper gastrointestinal tract should be researched. METHOD The objective of this study was to develop a novel colon-targeted drug delivery system using guar gum and Eudragit as enzyme- and pH-based materials. Lansoprazole, a poorly water-soluble drug was used as model drug. Under three different conditions, the in vitro drug release behaviors of this newly developed system was evaluated, using β-mannanase, rat cecal content, and human fecal media to simulate the pH and enzyme during intestinal transit to the colon. RESULTS The released amount of lansoprazole in simulated small intestine fluid (pH 6.8) after 5 hours was less than 10% from the pH- and enzyme-controlled tablets compared with 80.01±0.3% in rat cecal content medium (pH 7.4).The degradation ability of human fecal slurries on PECCT-PT was independent of human age and gender. β-Mannanase did not have a similar effect on the degradation of polysaccharide as rat cecal enzymes and human fecal enzymes in our study. Scanning electron microscope study indicated that the dissolution mechanism of PECCT-PT should be corrosion. CONCLUSION The above results indicated this system could be served as a potential carrier to deliver poorly water-soluble drug specifically to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Lai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Ray D, Mohapatra DK, Mohapatra RK, Mohanta GP, Sahoo PK. Synthesis and colon-specific drug delivery of a poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/MBA nanosized hydrogel. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 19:1487-502. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208786140382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Ray
- a P.G. Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Jayadev College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naharakanta, Bhubaneswar 752101, India
| | - Dillip K. Mohapatra
- b University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, India
| | - Ranjit K. Mohapatra
- c University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, India
| | - Guru P. Mohanta
- d Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Prafulla K. Sahoo
- e Polymer Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, India
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Prabaharan M. Prospective of guar gum and its derivatives as controlled drug delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim JS, Lee JS, Chang PS, Lee HG. Optimization, in vitro release and bioavailability of γ-oryzanol-loaded calcium pectinate microparticles reinforced with chitosan. N Biotechnol 2010; 27:368-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Han M, Fang QL, Zhan HW, Luo T, Liang WQ, Gao JQ. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel capsule for colon-specific drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:2626-35. [PMID: 19067397 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate colon-specific drug delivery of a novel capsule (CS capsule). Theophylline was used as model drug and little was released from the CS capsules in the release medium mimicking physiological environment of stomach to small intestine. However, 66.7 +/- 8.8% theophylline was released from the capsules in the phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) mimicking the physiological environment of colon in the next 4 h, while the addition of galactomannanase (39.3 U/L) accelerated the disintegration of the CS capsule and enhanced the release rate to 92.6 +/- 6.0%. Rats in vivo pharmacokinetics demonstrated that the relative bioavailability of theophylline after intragastric administration of CS capsules was 76.72% with delayed T(max) of 8 h comparing to that of theophylline solution with T(max) of 1.5 h. Radiolabeled with technetium-99m, the CS capsule could keep intact from stomach to small intestine while disintegration of the CS capsule was observed in the proximal colon or the joint between the distal small intestine and right colon. A great quantity of radiolabeled marker was released as well as distributed in the whole colon at 10 h after administration. As a whole, the CS capsule prepared could provide an alternative carrier for the colon-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kaur G, Rana V, Jain S, Tiwary AK. Colon delivery of budesonide: evaluation of chitosan-chondroitin sulfate interpolymer complex. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:36-45. [PMID: 20017011 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at formulating tablets comprising of coating susceptible to microbial enzyme degradation for releasing budesonide in the colon. Tablets prepared by using Avicel pH 102 as diluent and Eudragit L100-55 as binder were coated to a weight gain of 10% w/w employing aqueous mixtures containing chitosan (CH) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). The interpolymer complex between CH and CS was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) studies. The tablets were evaluated for release of budesonide through in vitro in vivo studies. Formation of bonds between -COO(-) and -OSO3(-) groups of CS and -NH3+ groups of CH was evident in the FTIR spectra of these interpolymer complexed (IPC) films. The DSC thermograms of these films revealed one endothermic transition between 190 degrees C and 205 degrees C, suggesting the formation of new bonds in the IPC. The pH sensitive swelling exhibited by these films was observed to be a function of CH concentration. Tablets coated with aqueous mixtures containing 40:60 or 50:50 ratio of CH/CS totally prevented the release of budesonide in pH 1.2 buffer. The peaks (FTIR) and endothermic transitions (DSC) characteristic of interpolymer complexation were observed to remain unaffected after sequential exposure of the films to pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 buffer IP. This proved the versatility of these IPC films for colon delivery. C (max) of 1,168.99 and 1,174.2 ng/mL, respectively, at 12 and 8 h post-oral dosing of tablets coated with 40:60 or 50:50 ratio of CH/CS was observed in rats. The aqueous CH/CS (40:60) coating could provide a facile method for delivering budesonide to the colon.
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26
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Advancements in non-starch polysaccharides research for frozen foods and microencapsulation of probiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-009-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Song YB, Lee JS, Lee HG. α-Tocopherol-loaded Ca-pectinate microcapsules: Optimization, in vitro release, and bioavailability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 73:394-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Lee JS, Kim JS, Lee HG. γ-Oryzanol-loaded calcium pectinate microparticles reinforced with chitosan: Optimization and release characteristics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 70:213-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Yehia SA, Elshafeey AH, Sayed I, Shehata AH. Optimization of budesonide compression-coated tablets for colonic delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:147-57. [PMID: 19199041 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to formulate budesonide (BUD) compression-coated tablets for colonic specific delivery. Pectin and guar gum were used as enzyme-dependent polymers. For comparison purposes, both pH- and time-dependent polymers were also tried. In vitro release studies were carried out at different pH (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4). Therapeutic efficacy of the prepared tablets compared to commercially available capsules and enema were evaluated in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rabbit colitis model. In pH-dependent polymers, Eudragit (EUD) S100/EUD L100 (1:1) released 45.58% in the target area (colon). For time-dependent polymers, decreasing cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) ratio increased the release in both pH 6.8 and 7.4 till it reached 40.58% and 93.65%, respectively, for 25% CAB. In enzyme-dependent polymers, increasing pectin ratio to 75% retarded the release (4.59% in pH 6.8 and 54.45% in pH 7.4) which was significantly enhanced to 99.31% using pectinolytic enzyme. Formula F14 coated with 75% pectin significantly reduced the inflammatory cells in the connective tissue core of the colon of the treated group and significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity (3.90 U/g tissue weight). This study proved that BUD compression-coated with 75% pectin may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Nunthanid J, Luangtana-anan M, Sriamornsak P, Limmatvapirat S, Huanbutta K, Puttipipatkhachorn S. Use of spray-dried chitosan acetate and ethylcellulose as compression coats for colonic drug delivery: Effect of swelling on triggering in vitro drug release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:356-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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31
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Gut instincts: Explorations in intestinal physiology and drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:213-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Colon targeted drug delivery has the potential to deliver bioactive agents for the treatment of a variety of colonic diseases and to deliver proteins and peptides to the colon for their systemic absorption. Various strategies, currently available to target the release of drugs to colon, include formation of prodrug, coating of pH-sensitive polymers, use of colon-specific biodegradable polymers, timed released systems, osmotic systems, and pressure controlled drug delivery systems. Among the different approaches to achieve targeted drug release to the colon, the use of polymers especially biodegradable by colonic bacteria holds great promise. Polysaccharidases are bacterial enzymes that are available in sufficient quantity to be exploited in colon targeting of drugs. Based on this approach, various polysaccharides have been investigated for colon-specific drug release. These polysaccharides include pectin, guar gum, amylose, inulin, dextran, chitosan, and chondroitin sulphate. This family of natural polymers has an appeal to drug delivery as it is comprised of polymers with a large number of derivatizable groups, a wide range of molecular weights, varying chemical compositions, and, for the most part, low toxicity and biodegradability yet high stability. The most favorable property of these materials is their approval as pharmaceutical excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Chourasia
- Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP 470003, India
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33
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Liu M, Fan J, Wang K, He Z. Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Phosphated Cross-Linked Konjac Glucomannan Hydrogels for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery. Drug Deliv 2008; 14:397-402. [PMID: 17701529 DOI: 10.1080/10717540701202887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel systems of konjac glucomannan (KGM) cross-linked with trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) were prepared for colon-targeting drug delivery. Swelling degrees of the hydrogels were measured in artificial gastrointestinal fluids and in sodium chloride solution with different concentrations to study their dependence on the cross-linking density and the ionic strength. The absorption of methylene blue was used to characterize the degree of the KGM cross-linking. In vitro release of model drug hydrocortisone was studied in presence and absence of beta -mannanase. KGM cross-linked with STMP was able to retard the release of the poorly water-soluble drug and could be biodegraded enzymatically. Hydrocortisone release was cross-linking density dependent and controlled by degradation of the hydrogles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Liu
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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34
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Ji C, Xu H, Wu W. In vitroevaluation and pharmacokinetics in dogs of guar gum and Eudragit FS30D-coated colon-targeted pellets of indomethacin. J Drug Target 2008; 15:123-31. [PMID: 17365283 DOI: 10.1080/10611860601143727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A pH- and enzyme-dependent colon-targeted multi-unit delivery system of indomethacin was developed by coating guar gum and Eudragit FS30D sequentially onto drug-loaded pellets in a fluidized bed coater. In vitro studies showed that smaller coating weight gain of guar gum resulted in reduced release lag time t10 (10% release time), but favored degradation by enzymes (galactomannanase). A cumulative weight gain (CWG) of 44% provided sufficient enzymatic sensitivity and protection of the core. Under gradient pH conditions (pH = 1.2, 6.8, 7.4 and 6.5 for 2, 2, 1 and 15 h, respectively), indomethacin was released from Eudragit FS30D-coated pellets quickly after changing pH to 7.4. For guar gum/Eudragit FS30D double-coated pellets, only about 5% of the drug was released after another 1 h, showing retarding effect by guar gum coating. After changing pH to 6.5 and addition of galactomannanase, enzyme-dependent drug release was observed. Pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs showed that fastest absorption with the smallest Tmax and Tlag was observed for uncoated pellets. The Tmax and Tlag of Eudragit FS30D-coated pellets were postponed to about 2.5 and 1 h, respectively. After a further guar gum coating, Tlag was further postponed to about 2.8 h, about 2 h of additional lag time on the basis of Eudragit FS30D coating. It is indicated that the guar gum/Eudragit FS30D-coated system has potential to be used to deliver drugs to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmin Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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35
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Tuğcu-Demiröz F, Acartürk F, Takka S, Konuş-Boyunağa O. In-vitroandIn-vivoEvaluation of Mesalazine–Guar Gum Matrix Tablets for Colonic Drug Delivery. J Drug Target 2008; 12:105-12. [PMID: 15203904 DOI: 10.1080/10611860410001693751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop colon-specific delivery systems for mesalazine (5-ASA) using guar gum as a carrier. A colon specific matrix tablet of mesalazine with guar gum was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo X-ray studies in humans. Two different types of guar gum were used in the experiments. Tablets were prepared by the slugging method. The physical properties of tablets were tested and in vitro release studies were performed by a flow-through cell apparatus with and without galactomannanase enzyme. The type and the amount of guar gum affected the in vitro release of drug from the matrix tablets. High viscosity guar gum, in the form of a matrix tablet was capable of protecting the drug from being released in the upper region of gastrointestinal (GI) system, i.e. stomach and small intestine. X-ray imaging technique was used to monitor the tablets throughout the GI system on 8 healthy volunteers. Barium sulphate was used as a marker in the tablets for in vivo studies. These results showed that, the matrix tablets reached the colon; not being subjected to disintegration in the upper region of the GI system in all the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmanur Tuğcu-Demiröz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Etiler 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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36
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McConnell EL, Murdan S, Basit AW. An Investigation into the Digestion of Chitosan (Noncrosslinked and Crosslinked) by Human Colonic Bacteria. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:3820-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Ji C, Xu H, Wu W. Guar Gum as Potential Film Coating Material for Colon-specific Delivery of Fluorouracil. J Biomater Appl 2008; 23:311-29. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328208089617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of guar gum as a film coating material for colon-specific delivery of 5-fluorouracil is evaluated in this study. The guar gum-based multi-unit pellet system is prepared by coating guar gum and pH-sensitive polymer Eudragit FS30D sequentially around drug-loaded non-pareil cores in a fluid-bed coater. The outer Eudragit FS coating protects the system against gastrointestinal environment and dissolves rapidly in distal small intestine, where a lumen pH of over 7 triggers the dissolution of the enteric polymer. The inner guar gum coating works as a time-controlled retardant and offers additional protection of the pellets until it is degraded by microbial enzymes at the proximal colon. In vitro results indicate that guar gum is a feasible coating material to achieve timed and enzyme-triggered fluorouracil release. Pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs shows delayed absorption of about 5 h and limited absorption fraction as a result of guar gum and Eudragit FS coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - H.N. Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - W. Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, ,
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38
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In vitro evaluations of konjac glucomannan and xanthan gum mixture as the sustained release material of matrix tablet. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Dissolution test for site-specific release isoniazid pellets in USP apparatus 3 (reciprocating cylinder): Optimization using response surface methodology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:769-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Omar S, Aldosari B, Refai H, Gohary OA. Colon-specific drug delivery for mebeverine hydrochloride. J Drug Target 2008; 15:691-700. [PMID: 18041637 DOI: 10.1080/10611860701603281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mebeverine Hydrochloride (MB-HCl), an effective spasmolytic drug, was formulated as CODES. A colon-specific drug delivery technology CODES was designed to avoid the inherent problems associated with pH- or time-dependent systems. To achieve more protection and control of drug release, MB-HCl was prepared as microspheres and compressed as core tablets of CODES (modified CODES). The core tablets contained the drug either in free form [Formula 1 (F(1))], or as microspheres with 2 different polymer:drug:lactulose ratios (1:1:0.5 [Formula 2 (F(2))] and 2:1:0.5 [Formula 3 (F(3))]. The release profiles of the coated CODES systems were compared with uncoated compressed tablets. The uncoated tablet showed a drug release of 94% after 1 h in simulated gastric condition (pH = 1.2). The release characteristics of the coated systems revealed that the enteric coating (Eudragit L(100)) prevented any drug release in simulated gastric or duodenal conditions in the first 3 h (pH 1.2-6.1), after which drug was slightly liberated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) {Phase 1 (P1)}. After 4 h the pH was adjusted to 7 and beta-glucose-oxidase was added, which is an enzyme produced by enterobacteria present in the colon. The acid-soluble coat (Eudragit)E(100)) dissolved and the drug release suddenly increased to reach 95, 72 and 60.4% for F(1)-F(3), respectively. IR spectrum study showed a covalent bond between the drug and the polymer in the formulae F(2) and F(3) resulting in the sustained drug release from the microspheres with a significant difference (p>0.05) to F(1). The findings were confirmed by in vivo investigation using X-ray images for Guinea pigs ingested tablets containing barium sulphate (F(4)), where the tablet began to disintegrate after 10 h of tablet intake. The results of the study indicated that MB-HCl CODES colon-specific drug delivery can act as a successful trigger for drug targeting in the colon. Furthermore, a sustained release of the drug can be achieved from modified CODES containing the drug in the form of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh KSA, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Biorelevant dissolution testing of colon-specific delivery systems activated by colonic microflora. J Control Release 2008; 125:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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pH-sensitive cationic guar gum/poly (acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte hydrogels: Swelling and in vitro drug release. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Liu H, Yang XG, Nie SF, Wei LL, Zhou LL, Liu H, Tang R, Pan WS. Chitosan-based controlled porosity osmotic pump for colon-specific delivery system: Screening of formulation variables and in vitro investigation. Int J Pharm 2007; 332:115-24. [PMID: 17052871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A microbially triggered colon-targeted osmotic pump (MTCT-OP) has been studied. The gelable property at acid condition and colon-specific biodegradation of chitosan were used to: (1) produce the osmotic pressure, (2) form the drug suspension and (3) form the in situ delivery pores for colon-specific drug release, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study and the calculation of membrane permeability were applied to elucidate the mechanism of MTCT-OP. The effects of different formulation variables, including the level of pH-regulating excipient (citric acid) and the amount of chitosan in the core, the weight gain of semipermeable membrane and enteric-coating membrane, and the level of pore former (chitosan) in the semipermeable membrane, have been studied. Results of SEM showed that the in situ delivery pores could be formed in predetermined time after coming into contact with dissolution medium, and the number of pore was dependent on the initial level of pore former in the membrane. The amount of budesonide release was directly proportional to the initial level of pore former, but inversely related to the weight of semipermeable membrane. The effects of variations in the level of citric acid and chitosan in the core formulation on drug release were studied. The different levels of enteric-coating membrane could prevent cellulose acetate membrane (containing chitosan as pore former) from forming pore or rupture before contact with simulated colonic fluid, but had no effect on the drug release. Budesonide release from the developed formulation was inversely proportional to the osmotic pressure of the release medium, confirming that osmotic pumping was the major mechanism of drug release. These results showed that MTCT-OP based on osmotic technology and microbially triggered mechanism had a high potential for colon-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, P.O. Box 122, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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44
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George M, Abraham TE. pH sensitive alginate-guar gum hydrogel for the controlled delivery of protein drugs. Int J Pharm 2006; 335:123-129. [PMID: 17147980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Design of a pH sensitive alginate-guar gum hydrogel crosslinked with glutaraldehyde was done for the controlled delivery of protein drugs. Alginate is a non-toxic polysaccharide with favorable pH sensitive properties for intestinal delivery of protein drugs. Drug leaching during hydrogel preparation and rapid dissolution of alginate at higher pH are major limitations, as it results in very low entrapment efficiency and burst release of entrapped protein drug, once it enters the intestine. To overcome these limitations, another natural polysaccharide, guargum was included in the alginate matrix along with a cross linking agent to ensure maximum encapsulation efficiency and controlled drug release. The crosslinked alginate-guar gum matrix is novel and the drug loading process used in the study was mild and performed in aqueous environment. The release profiles of a model protein drug (BSA) from test hydrogels were studied under simulated gastric and intestinal media. The beads having an alginate to guar gum percentage combination of 3:1 showed desirable characters like better encapsulation efficiency and bead forming properties in the preliminary studies. The glutaraldehyde concentration giving maximum (100%) encapsulation efficiency and the most appropriate swelling characteristics was found to be 0.5% (w/v). Freeze-dried samples showed swelling ratios most suitable for drug release in simulated intestinal media ( approximately 8.5). Protein release from test hydrogels was minimal at pH 1.2 ( approximately 20%), and it was found to be significantly higher ( approximately 90%) at pH 7.4. Presence of guar gum and glutaraldehyde crosslinking increases entrapment efficiency and prevents the rapid dissolution of alginate in higher pH of the intestine, ensuring a controlled release of the entrapped drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M George
- Polymer Section, Chemical Science Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 19, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - T E Abraham
- Polymer Section, Chemical Science Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 19, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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45
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The swelling behavior and network parameters of guar gum/poly(acrylic acid) semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Yoo SH, Song YB, Chang PS, Lee HG. Microencapsulation of α-tocopherol using sodium alginate and its controlled release properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 38:25-30. [PMID: 16417917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize microencapsulation yield (MY) using three independent variables; the ratio of coating material to core material (w/w, X1), the emulsifier concentration (%, v/v, X2), and the CaCl2 concentration (%, w/v, X3). In the preparation of sodium alginate (SA) microcapsule, the regression model equation for the MY was predicted as follows; MY(%) = 56.02 + 3.64X2 + 3.18X1X2 - 3.74X2(2). The optimal conditions for the SA microcapsule were obtained at the [SA]/[alpha-TP] ratio of 6.6:3.4 (w/w), [emulsifier] of 1.35% (v/v), and [CaCl2] of 4.3% (w/v), and the predicted MY in this condition was of 57.2%. In vitro alpha-TP releasing test of the SA-based microcapsules was performed. The SA microcapsule released 28.8% of alpha-TP when exposed in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) for 24 h. In the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.4), the amount of released alpha-TP (81.5%) was significantly greater than that in the SGF. The duration time required for releasing 50 (T50%) and 70% (T70%) of alpha-TP from the SA-microcapsule were calculated to be 3.8 and 12.3 h, respectively. From these results, it was suggested that SA microcapsule would be structurally resistant against acidic environment, and it would rapidly release core material under mild alkali condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
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47
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Kosaraju SL. Colon Targeted Delivery Systems: Review of Polysaccharides for Encapsulation and Delivery. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45:251-8. [PMID: 16047493 DOI: 10.1080/10408690490478091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Colon-targeted delivery of bioactives has recently gained importance in addressing specific needs in the therapy of colon-based diseases. Many approaches have been attempted for the development of colon-specific delivery systems, with not much success in the past. Recent research into the utilization of the metabolic activity and the colonic microenvironment in the lower gastrointestinal tract has attained great value in the design of novel colon-targeted delivery systems based on natural biodegradable polymers. In the current article, special emphasis has been placed on polysaccharide systems, with minimal chemical modification, that have been exploitedfor colon targeting. These polysaccharide based encapsulation and targeted delivery systems are envisaged to have an immense potential for the development of food/nutraceutical formulations for colon-based diseases, including colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantha L Kosaraju
- Food Science Australia, 671 Snydes Rd., Private Bag 16, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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48
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Burke MD, Park JO, Srinivasarao M, Khan SA. A novel enzymatic technique for limiting drug mobility in a hydrogel matrix. J Control Release 2005; 104:141-53. [PMID: 15866341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An oral colon specific drug delivery platform has been developed to facilitate targetted release of therapeutic proteins as well as small molecule drugs. A simple enzymatic procedure is used to modify the molecular architecture of a lightly chemically crosslinked galactomannan hydrogel as well as a model drug-galactomannan oligomer conjugate, fluoroisocynate (FITC) tagged guar oligomer, to entrap the model drug. The enzyme-modified hydrogel retains the drug until it reaches the colonic environment where bacteria secrete enzymes (namely beta-mannanase) to degrade the gel and release the drug molecule. Laser scanning confocal microscopy combined with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is used to quantify the diffusion of the drug conjugate. The diffusion coefficient of solutes in the lightly crosslinked galactomannan hydrogel is approximately equal to the diffusion coefficient in the guar solution for simple diffusional drug loading. After drug loading, alpha-galactosidase treatment generates additional physical crosslinks in the hydrogel matrix as well as between the drug-oligomer conjugate and the hydrogel, which reduces diffusion of the drug-oligomer conjugate significantly. Degradation of the hydrogel by beta-mannanase results in a slow and controlled rate of FITC-guar oligomer diffusion, which generates an extended release profile for the model drug.
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49
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Friend DR. New oral delivery systems for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57:247-65. [PMID: 15555741 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often localized to specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). As a result, this disease can be treated with oral site-specific (targeted) drug delivery systems. Targeted delivery systems for treatment of IBD are designed to increase local tissue concentrations of antiinflammatory drugs from lower doses compared with systemic administration. This review addresses the impact disease has or may have on oral targeted delivery for treatment of IBD as well as a number of delivery approaches currently used in marketed products or under investigation. Delivery systems reviewed rely on temporal control, changes in pH along the GIT, the action of local enzymes to trigger drug release, and changes in intraluminal pressure. Dissolution of enteric polymer coatings due to a change in local pH and reduction of azo-bonds to release an active agent are both used in commercially marketed products. Newer approaches showing promise in treating IBD are based on polysaccharides. These materials are most effective when used as compression coatings around core tablets, which contain the active agent. More complex polymeric prodrugs systems are also under investigation. If the dose of the drug is sufficiently low, this approach may also prove useful in improving treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Friend
- MicroDose Technologies, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA.
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Sinha VR, Mittal BR, Kumria R. In vivo evaluation of time and site of disintegration of polysaccharide tablet prepared for colon-specific drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2005; 289:79-85. [PMID: 15652201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2004] [Revised: 09/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Compression coating has been found to be useful for colonic drug delivery. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate a formulation with a considerably reduced coat weight and gum concentration for colonic drug delivery in vivo using gamma scintigraphy. In vitro studies have found this formulation to be useful for delivery of 5-fluorouracil to the colon. Rapidly disintegrating core tablets containing (99m)Tc-DTPA were prepared and compression coating with 150 mg of granules containing a mixture of xanthan (XG), guar gum (GG) and starch. The ratios of the two gums XG:GG in the coat was kept 10:20. In vitro dissolution studies on XG:GG::10:20 tablets containing (99m)Tc-DTPA were carried out in simulated upper GIT conditions and also in presence of colonic contents. Cumulative percent release of technetium in the upper GIT conditions and transit time amounted to 4%. The total amount of technetium released in the 24 h of the dissolution study was 53+/-3.23%. Upon introduction of cecal content into the dissolution medium (4%), the release of technetium from the compression-coated tablet increased to 78.34+/-5.34%. Gamma scintigraphy studies carried out in six healthy human volunteers showed that the tablet remained intact during its transit through the upper GIT. The anatomical site of disintegration was found to be the ascending colon/hepatic flexure and the disintegration of the tablet started between 4 and 6 h post-dose in all the volunteers with a further spread of tracer into the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoidal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Sinha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
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