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Hanafy MS, Dao HM, Xu H, Koleng JJ, Sakran W, Cui Z. Effect of the amount of cationic lipid used to complex siRNA on the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of siRNA-solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100197. [PMID: 37521246 PMCID: PMC10371828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
When preparing siRNA-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (siRNA-SLNs), cationic lipids are commonly included to condense and lipophilize the siRNA and thus increase its encapsulation in the SLNs. Unfortunately, cationic lipids also contribute significantly to the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of the SLNs. Previously, our group developed a TNF-α siRNA-SLN formulation that showed strong activity against rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to methotrexate in a mouse model. The siRNA-SLNs were composed of lecithin, cholesterol, an acid-sensitive stearoyl polyethylene glycol (2000) conjugate, and siRNA complexes with 1,2-dioleoyl-3trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), a cationic lipid. The present study was designed to study the effect of the amount of DOTAP used to complex the siRNA on the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of the resultant siRNA-SLNs. A small library of siRNA-SLNs prepared at various ratios of DOTAP to siRNA (i.e., nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratios ranging from 34:1 to 1:1) were prepared and characterized, and the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity of selected formulations were evaluated in cell culture. As expected, the siRNA-SLNs prepared at the highest N/P ratio showed the highest cytotoxicity to J774A.1 macrophage cells and reducing the N/P ratio lowered the cytotoxicity of the siRNA-SLNs. Unexpectedly, the cytotoxicity of the siRNA-SLNs reached the lowest at the N/P ratios of 16:1 and 12:1, and further reducing the N/P ratio resulted in siRNA-SLNs with increased cytotoxicity. For example, siRNA-SLNs prepared at the N/P ratio of 1:1 was more cytotoxic than the ones prepared at the N/P ratio 12:1. This finding was confirmed using neutrophils differentiated from mouse MPRO cell line. The DOTAP release from the siRNA-SLNs prepared at the N/P ratio of 1:1 was faster than from the ones prepared at the N/P ratio of 12:1. The siRNA-SLNs prepared at N/P ratios of 12:1 and 1:1 showed comparable proinflammatory activities in both macrophages and neutrophils. Additionally, the TNF-α siRNA-SLNs prepared at the N/P ratios of 12:1 and 1:1 were equally effective in downregulating TNF-α expression in J774A.1 macrophages. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that at least in vitro in cell culture, reducing the amount of cationic lipids used when preparing siRNA-SLNs can generally help reduce the cytotoxicity of the resultant SLNs, but siRNA-SLNs prepared with the lowest N/P ratio are not necessarily the least cytotoxic and proinflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S. Hanafy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Huy M. Dao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Wedad Sakran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
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2
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Nguyen Le NM, Zsák S, Le-Vinh B, Friedl JD, Kali G, Knoll P, Seitter HW, Koschak A, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Charge-Converting Nanoemulsions as Promising Retinal Drug and Gene Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44981-44991. [PMID: 36125912 PMCID: PMC9542710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to develop phosphatase-responsive ζ potential converting nanocarriers utilizing polyphosphate-coated cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-decorated nanoemulsions (NEs) as a novel gene delivery system to retinal cells. METHODS Poly-l-lysine (PLL) was first conjugated with oleylamine (OA) only at its carboxylic end to form the amphiphilic PLL-oleylamine (PLOA) conjugate. Afterward, NEs were loaded with PLOA prior to being coated with tripolyphosphate (TPP) to generate PLOA/TPP NEs. A plasmid containing a reporter gene for green fluorescent protein plasmid (pGFP) was complexed with cationic surfactants forming hydrophobic ion pairs that were loaded in the oily core of NEs. Phosphate removal, ζ potential conversion, and cytotoxicity of the system were evaluated. Cellular uptake and transfection efficiency were investigated in 661W photoreceptor-like cells via microscopic analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Dephosphorylation of PLOA/TPP NEs triggered by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) resulted in the exposure of positive amine groups on the surface of NE droplets and a notable conversion of the ζ potential from -22.4 to +8.5 mV. Cellular uptake of PLOA/TPP NEs performed on 661W photoreceptor-like cells showed a 3-fold increase compared to control NEs. Furthermore, PLOA/TPP NEs also showed low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficacy with ∼50% of cells transfected. CONCLUSIONS Polyphosphate-coated CPP-decorated NEs triggered by ALP could be a promising nanosystem to efficiently deliver drugs and genetic materials to photoreceptor-like cells and other retinal cells for potential treatments of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet-Minh Nguyen Le
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah Zsák
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bao Le-Vinh
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian David Friedl
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gergely Kali
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Knoll
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hartwig Wolfram Seitter
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Koschak
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center
for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Anti-CD44 and EGFR Dual-Targeted Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of Doxorubicin to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line: Preparation, Statistical Optimization, and In Vitro Characterization. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6253978. [PMID: 35845934 PMCID: PMC9279089 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6253978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite being more aggressive than other types of breast cancer, there is no suitable treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we designed doxorubicin-containing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) decorated with anti-EGFR/CD44 dual-RNA aptamers, which are overexpressed in TNBC. For more efficiency in the nuclear delivery of doxorubicin, dexamethasone (Dexa) was chemically attached to the surface of nanoparticles. Methods To prepare the cationic SLNs, 6-lauroxyhexyl BOC-ornithine (LHON) was synthesized and was chemically attached to dexamethasone to form Dexa-LHON complexes. The doxorubicin-containing SLNs were prepared via double emulsification (w/o/w) and the solvent evaporation technique. The preparation of SLNs was statistically optimized using the central composite response surface methodology. Independent factors were the GMS/lecithin concentration ratio and the amount of Tween 80, while responses considered were particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency of the nanoparticles. The optimized nanoparticles were studied morphologically using transmission electron microscopy, and in vitro release of doxorubicin from nanoparticles was studied in phosphate-buffered saline. Then, the designated aptamers were attached to the surface of nanoparticles using electrostatic interactions, and their cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro. Results The size, PDI, zeta potential, EE%, and LE% of the prepared nanoparticles were 101 ± 12.6 nm, 0.341 ± 0.005, +13.6 ± 1.83 mV, 69.98 ± 7.54%, and 10.2 ± 1.06%, respectively. TEM images revealed spherical nanoparticles with no sign of aggregation. In vitro release study exhibited that 96.1 ± 1.97% of doxorubicin was released within 48 h of incubation. The electrostatic attachment of the designated aptamers to the nanoparticles' surface was confirmed by reducing the zeta potential to −15.6 ± 2.07 mV. The in vitro experiments revealed that the SLNs/DOX/Dexa/CD44 or EGFR aptamers were substantially more successful than SLNs/DOX/Dexa at inhibiting cell proliferation. Using the MDA-MB-468 cell line, we discovered that SLN/DOX/Dexa/CD44/EGFR aptamers were more effective than other constructs in inhibiting cell proliferation (p < 0.001). The reduction of cell viability using this construct suggests that targeting numerous proliferation pathways is effective. Conclusion Overall, the finding of this investigation suggested that SLNs/DOX/Dexa/CD44/EGFR could be a promising new enhanced anticancer delivery system and deserved further preclinical consideration.
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Ravula V, Lo YL, Wu YT, Chang CW, Patri SV, Wang LF. Arginine-tocopherol bioconjugated lipid vesicles for selective pTRAIL delivery and subsequent apoptosis induction in glioblastoma cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112189. [PMID: 34082988 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of specific therapeutic gene into glioblastoma offers potent therapeutic strategy to treat the disease. Non-viral gene delivery vectors are of particular interest due to their tuneable transfection efficiency and easy scale-up. Herein, we demonstrate successful delivery of plasmid encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (pTRAIL) using arginine-conjugated tocopherol lipid (AT) nanovesicles into glioblastoma cell lines. Another cationic lipid, glycine-conjugated tocopherol lipid (GT) having glycine in the head group region is also synthesized as a control lipid. Both lipid-derived liposomes effectively condensed the pDNA and the corresponding biomacromolecular assemblies (lipoplexes) are efficiently transfected into different cell lines. AT-based liposomes exhibit higher transfection efficacy in various cell lines, particularly selective in glioma cell lines. At an optimized N/P ratio, both the liposomal formulations show low cytotoxicity. AT-based lipoplexes have superior cellular uptake in U87 than the control lipid GT. The expression of TRAIL protein regulated death receptor and apoptosis signaling pathway is assayed by western blot using transfection of AT-based/pTRAIL into U87 cell lines. Induction of apoptosis in U87 cells exposed to AT-based/pTRAIL plasmid is evaluated by MTT assay as well as Annexin V-propidium iodide dual-staining assay. All results indicate that the developed AT-based/pTRAIL system offers a potentially safe and efficient therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Ravula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Srilakshmi V Patri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India.
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Seaberg J, Montazerian H, Hossen MN, Bhattacharya R, Khademhosseini A, Mukherjee P. Hybrid Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2099-2142. [PMID: 33497197 PMCID: PMC9521743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic/organic hybrid nanosystems have been increasingly developed for their versatility and efficacy at overcoming obstacles not readily surmounted by nonhybridized counterparts. Currently, hybrid nanosystems are implemented for gene therapy, drug delivery, and phototherapy in addition to tissue regeneration, vaccines, antibacterials, biomolecule detection, imaging probes, and theranostics. Though diverse, these nanosystems can be classified according to foundational inorganic/organic components, accessory moieties, and architecture of hybridization. Within this Review, we begin by providing a historical context for the development of biomedical hybrid nanosystems before describing the properties, synthesis, and characterization of their component building blocks. Afterward, we introduce the architectures of hybridization and highlight recent biomedical nanosystem developments by area of application, emphasizing hybrids of distinctive utility and innovation. Finally, we draw attention to ongoing clinical trials before recapping our discussion of hybrid nanosystems and providing a perspective on the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Seaberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Wolf JD, Kurpiers M, Baus RA, Götz RX, Griesser J, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Characterization of an amino acid based biodegradable surfactant facilitating the incorporation of DNA into lipophilic delivery systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 566:234-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Gigante A, Li M, Junghänel S, Hirschhäuser C, Knauer S, Schmuck C. Non-viral transfection vectors: are hybrid materials the way forward? MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1692-1718. [PMID: 32180915 PMCID: PMC7053704 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transfection is a process by which oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) are delivered into living cells. This allows the synthesis of target proteins as well as their inhibition (gene silencing). However, oligonucleotides cannot cross the plasma membrane by themselves; therefore, efficient carriers are needed for successful gene delivery. Recombinant viruses are among the earliest described vectors. Unfortunately, they have severe drawbacks such as toxicity and immunogenicity. In this regard, the development of non-viral transfection vectors has attracted increasing interests, and has become an important field of research. In the first part of this review we start with a tutorial introduction into the biological backgrounds of gene transfection followed by the classical non-viral vectors (cationic organic carriers and inorganic nanoparticles). In the second part we highlight selected recent reports, which demonstrate that hybrid vectors that combine key features of classical carriers are a remarkable strategy to address the current challenges in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gigante
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
| | - M Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
| | - S Junghänel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
- Biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty , University of Muenster , Muenster , Germany
| | - C Hirschhäuser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
| | - S Knauer
- Faculty of Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - C Schmuck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
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Li M, Du C, Guo N, Teng Y, Meng X, Sun H, Li S, Yu P, Galons H. Composition design and medical application of liposomes. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:640-653. [PMID: 30640028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes, which possess the properties of nano-scale, biofilm similar structure, excellent biocompatibility, become more and more useful in the drug development as the delivery system. Liposomes are relatively stable, their aqueous phase could contain the hydrophilic drugs and their phospholipid bilayer should localize the lipophilic drugs. Moreover, their surface-modifiable characteristics have really extended the liposomes' application to targeting and environmental sensitive delivery system. In order to make the common liposome more fit the human and animal body's complex environment, the structural variation strategy in the head, tail and bond of lipid molecules have been employed to develop the different functionalized liposomes-based drug delivery system for the localizable relieve and organ/tissue targeting relieve. In this paper, we would like to summarize the recent development on the design and optimization of liposomes, including Long-circulation liposomes, Specific active targeting liposomes, Environmental sensitive liposomes, Multifunctional liposomes, and so on. And the liposome content selection and current status of clinical application are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Na Guo
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xin Meng
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Hua Sun
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Hervé Galons
- China International Science and Technology, Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin International Cooperation Research Centre of Food Nutrition/ Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Abstract
RNA is emerging as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of incurable diseases. Despite intense research, the advent to clinical utility remains compromised by numerous biological barriers, hence, there is a need for sophisticated delivery vehicles. In this aspect, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced platform among nonviral vectors for gene delivery. In this review, we critically review the literature and the reasons for ineffective delivery beyond the liver. We discuss the toxicity issues associated with permanently charged cationic lipids and then turn our attention to next-generation ionizable cationic lipids. These lipids exhibit reduced toxicity and immunogenicity and undergo ionization under the acidic environment of the endosome to release the encapsulated payload to their site of action in the cytosol. Finally, we summarize recent achievements in therapeutic nucleic acid delivery and report on the current status of clinical trials using LNP and the obstacles to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rietwyk
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, ‡Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, §Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ∥Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, ‡Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, §Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ∥Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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10
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Nerve growth factor-loaded heparinized cationic solid lipid nanoparticles for regulating membrane charge of induced pluripotent stem cells during differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:680-689. [PMID: 28532079 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF)-loaded heparinized cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (NGF-loaded HCSLNs) were developed using heparin-stearic acid conjugate, cacao butter, cholesterol, stearylamine (SA), and esterquat 1 (EQ 1). The effect of cationic lipids and lipid matrix composition on the particle size, particle structure, surface molecular composition, chemical structure, electrophoretic mobility, and zeta potential of HCSLNs was investigated. The effect of HCSLNs on the membrane charge of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was also studied. The results indicated that the average diameter of HCSLNs was 90-240nm and the particle size of HCSLNs with EQ 1 was smaller than that with SA. The zeta potential and electrophoresis analysis showed that HCSLNs with SA had a positively charged potential and HCSLNs with EQ 1 had a negatively charged potential at pH7.4. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope confirmed the loading of NGF on the surface of HCSLNs. Differentiation of iPSCs using NGF-loaded HCSLNs with EQ 1 exhibited higher absolute values of the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential than differentiation using NGF-loaded HCSLNs with SA. The immunochemical staining of neuronal nuclei revealed that NGF-loaded HCSLNs can be used for differentiation of iPSCs into neurons. NGF-loaded HCSLNs with EQ 1 had higher viability of iPSCs than NGF-loaded HCSLNs with SA. NGF-loaded HCSLNs with EQ 1 may be promising formulation to regulate the membrane charge of iPSCs during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, Republic of China.
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan 62102, Republic of China
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11
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Abdel-Salam FH, Baker SA. Synthesis, Surface and Biological Activities of Cationic Surfactants Based on Glycine Moiety. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2016. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo series of cationic surfactants based on glycine molecule as sulfonate salt of N,N-diethyl glycine fatty esters having a hydrocarbon chain length of C12,C16 and C18 followed by quaternerization with ethyl iodide were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed using IR,1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The surface activity of these amphiphiles has been determined by measurement of their surface tension. Parameters like surface tension (γ), critical micelle concentration (cmc), effectiveness (Πcmc), efficiency (pC20), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimum surface area (Amin) and Gibbs free energy of the micellization (ΔGmic) and adsorption (ΔGads) have been determined from the measurements obtained by surface tension method. All these surfactants showed much lower CMC values compared to the similar hydrophobic chain length surfactant. All synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their biological activity against bacteria and fungi.
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12
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New cationic vesicles prepared with double chain surfactants from arginine: Role of the hydrophobic group on the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Wu Y, Li L, Chen Q, Su Y, Levkin PA, Davidson G. Single-Tailed Lipidoids Enhance the Transfection Activity of Their Double-Tailed Counterparts. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:43-50. [PMID: 26651853 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipid-like molecules (lipidoids) are widely used for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. Nearly all lipidoids developed to date employ double-tail or multiple-tail structures for transfection. Single-tail lipidoids are seldom considered for transfection as they have low efficiency in gene delivery. So far, there is no detailed study on the contribution to transfection efficiency of single-tail lipidoids when combined with standard double-tail lipidoids. Here, we use combinatorial chemistry to synthesize 17 double-tail and 17 single-tail lipidoids using thiol-yne and thiol-ene click chemistry, respectively. HEK 293T cells were used to analyze transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy and calculated based on the percentage of cells transfected. The size and zeta potential of liposomes and lipoplexes were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Intracellular DNA delivery and trafficking was further examined using confocal microscopy. Our study shows that combining single with double-tail lipidoids increases uptake of lipoplexes, as well as cellular transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Wu
- Institute of Toxicology and
Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Linxian Li
- Institute of Toxicology and
Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Toxicology and
Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yi Su
- Institute of Toxicology and
Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Institute of Toxicology and
Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gary Davidson
- Institute of Toxicology and
Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Vafai N, Lowry TW, Wilson KA, Davidson MW, Lenhert S. Evaporative edge lithography of a liposomal drug microarray for cell migration assays. NANOFABRICATION 2015; 2:34-42. [PMID: 27617264 PMCID: PMC5015892 DOI: 10.1515/nanofab-2015-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid multilayer microarrays are a promising approach to miniaturize laboratory procedures by taking advantage of the microscopic compartmentalization capabilities of lipids. Here, we demonstrate a new method to pattern lipid multilayers on surfaces based on solvent evaporation along the edge where a stencil contacts a surface called evaporative edge lithography (EEL). As an example of an application of this process, we use EEL to make microarrays suitable for a cell-based migration assay. Currently existing cell migration assays require a separate compartment for each drug which is dissolved at a single concentration in solution. An advantage of the lipid multilayer microarray assay is that multiple compounds can be tested on the same surface. We demonstrate this by testing the effect of two different lipophilic drugs, Taxol and Brefeldin A, on collective cell migration into an unpopulated area. This particular assay should be scalable to test of 2000 different lipophilic compounds or dosages on a standard microtiter plate area, or if adapted for individual cell migration, it would allow for high-throughput screening of more than 50,000 compounds per plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Vafai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4370, USA
| | - Troy W. Lowry
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4350, USA
| | - Korey A. Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4370, USA
| | - Michael W. Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310-3706, USA
| | - Steven Lenhert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4370, USA
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15
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Pissuwan D, Niidome T. Polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorods and their biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:59-65. [PMID: 25387820 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (GNRs) have been extensively used in biomedical applications, because of their favourable optical properties. Their longitudinal surface plasmon resonance can be tuned, providing a strong near-infrared (NIR) extinction coefficient peak within the tissue transparency window. However, the modification of the surface of GNRs is essential before they can be used for biomedical applications. The number of GNRs taken up by cells and their biodistribution depend on their surface modification. Here, we review the recent advances in modifying GNR surfaces with polyelectrolytes for biomedical applications. Major polyelectrolytes used to coat GNR surfaces over the past few years and the biocompatibility of polyelectrolyte-coated GNRs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakrong Pissuwan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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16
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Hosseinkhani H, Abedini F, Ou KL, Domb AJ. Polymers in gene therapy technology. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Karaj Alborz IRAN
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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17
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Damen M, Cristóbal-Lecina E, Sanmartí GC, van Dongen SFM, García Rodríguez CL, Dolbnya IP, Nolte RJM, Feiters MC. Structure-delivery relationships of lysine-based gemini surfactants and their lipoplexes. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:5702-5714. [PMID: 24969740 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of gemini surfactants of the type (R(1)(CO)-Lys(H)-NH)2(CH2)n are reported. For a spacer length of n = 6, the hydrophobic acyl tail was varied in length (R(1) = C8, C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18) and, for R(1) = C18, the degree of unsaturation. For R(1)(CO) = oleoyl (C18:1 Z) the spacer length (n = 2-8) and the stereochemistry of the lysine building block were varied; a 'half-gemini' derivative with a single oleoyl tail and head group was also prepared. The potential of the gemini surfactants to transfer polynucleotides across a cell membrane was investigated by transfection of HeLa cells with beta-galactosidase, both in the presence and absence of the helper lipid DOPE. Oleoyl was found to be by far the best hydrophobic tail for this biological activity, whereas the effect of the lysine stereochemistry was less pronounced. The effect of an optimum spacer length (n = 6) was observed only in the absence of helper lipid. The most active surfactant, i.e. the one with oleoyl chains and n = 6, formed liposomes with sizes in the range of 60-350 nm, and its lipoplex underwent a transition from a lamellar to a hexagonal morphology upon lowering the pH from 7 to 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Damen
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Jones CH, Chen CK, Ravikrishnan A, Rane S, Pfeifer BA. Overcoming nonviral gene delivery barriers: perspective and future. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4082-98. [PMID: 24093932 DOI: 10.1021/mp400467x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A key end goal of gene delivery research is to develop clinically relevant vectors that can be used to combat elusive diseases such as AIDS. Despite promising engineering strategies, efficiency and ultimately gene modulation efficacy of nonviral vectors have been hindered by numerous in vitro and in vivo barriers that have resulted in subviral performance. In this perspective, we concentrate on the gene delivery barriers associated with the two most common classes of nonviral vectors, cationic-based lipids and polymers. We present the existing delivery barriers and summarize current vector-specific strategies to overcome said barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo, New York, 14260-4200, United States
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19
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Structure-activity relationship of carbamate-linked cationic lipids bearing hydroxyethyl headgroup for gene delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:537-41. [PMID: 24055287 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of carbamate-linked cationic lipids containing hydroxyl headgroup were synthesized and included in formulations for transfection assays. The DNA-lipid complexes were characterized for their ability to bind DNA, their size, ζ-potential and cytotoxicity. Compared with our previously reported cationic transfection lipid DDCDMA lacking the hydroxyl group and the commercially available, these cationic liposomes exhibited relatively higher transfection efficiency.
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20
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Goldring WP, Jubeli E, Downs RA, Johnston AJ, Abdul Khalique N, Raju L, Wafadari D, Pungente MD. Novel macrocyclic and acyclic cationic lipids for gene transfer: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4686-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Wang W, Zhou F, Ge L, Liu X, Kong F. Transferrin-PEG-PE modified dexamethasone conjugated cationic lipid carrier mediated gene delivery system for tumor-targeted transfection. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2513-22. [PMID: 22679364 PMCID: PMC3367492 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The main barriers to non-viral gene delivery include cellular and nuclear membranes. As such, the aim of this study was to develop a type of vector that can target cells through receptor-mediated pathways and by using nuclear localization signal (NLS) to increase the nuclear uptake of genetic materials. Methods A dexamethasone (Dexa)-conjugated lipid was synthesized as the material of the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and transferrin (Tf) was linked onto polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) to obtain Tf-PEG-PE ligands for the surface modification of the carriers. The in vitro transfection efficiency of the novel modified vectors was evaluated in human hepatoma carcinoma cell lines, and in vivo effects were observed in an animal model. Results Tf-PEG-PE modified SLNs/enhanced green fluorescence protein plasmid (pEGFP) had a particle size of 222 nm and a gene loading quantity of 90%. Tf-PEG-PE-modified SLNs/pEGFP (Tf-SLNs/pEGFP) displayed remarkably higher transfection efficiency than non-modified SLNs/pEGFP and the vectors not containing Dexa, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion It can be concluded that Tf and Dexa could function as an excellent active targeting ligand to improve the cell targeting and nuclear targeting ability of the carriers, and the resulting nanomedicine could be a promising active targeting drug/gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Ji'nan Command, Ji'nan, China
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22
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Colomer A, Pinazo A, García MT, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Infante MR, Martínez V, Pérez L. pH-Sensitive surfactants from lysine: assessment of their cytotoxicity and environmental behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5900-5912. [PMID: 22428847 DOI: 10.1021/la203974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity and environmental behavior of new pH-sensitive surfactants from lysine are presented. Three different chemical structures are studied: surfactants with one amino acid and one alkyl chain, surfactants with two amino acids on the polar head and one alkyl chain, and gemini surfactants. The pH sensitivity of these compounds can be tuned by modifying their chemical structures. Cytotoxicity has been evaluated using erythrocytes and fibroblast cells. The toxic effects against these cells depend on the hydrophobicity of the molecules as well as their cationic charge density. The effect of hydrophobicity and cationic charge density on toxicity is different for each type of cells. For erythrocytes, the toxicity increases as hydrophobicity and charge density increases. Nevertheless, for fibroblasts cationic charge density affects cytotoxicity in the opposite way: the higher charge density, the lower the toxicity. The effect of the pH on hemolysis has been evaluated in detail. The aquatic toxicity was established using Daphnia magna . All surfactants yielded EC(50) values considerably higher than that reported for cationic surfactants based on quaternary ammonium groups. Finally, their biodegradability was evaluated using the CO(2) headspace test (ISO 14593). These lysine derivatives showed high levels of biodegradation under aerobic conditions and can be classified as "readily biodegradable compounds".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Colomer
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y de Tensioactivos, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Li P, Liu D, Sun X, Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang N. A novel cationic liposome formulation for efficient gene delivery via a pulmonary route. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:245104. [PMID: 21543837 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/24/245104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of gene therapy for lung cancer is not only dependent on efficient gene carriers but also on a suitable delivery route. A pulmonary delivery route can directly deliver gene vectors to the lung which is more efficient than a systemic delivery route. For gene carriers, cationic liposomes have recently emerged as leading non-viral vectors in worldwide gene therapy clinical trials. However, cytotoxic effects or apoptosis are often observed which is mostly dependent on the cationic lipid used. Therefore, an efficient and safe cationic lipid, 6-lauroxyhexyl lysinate (LHLN), previously synthesized by our group was first used to prepare cationic liposomes. Physicochemical and biological properties of LHLN-liposomes were investigated. LHLN-liposome/DNA complexes showed positive surface charge, spherical morphology, a relatively narrow particle size distribution and strong DNA binding capability. Compared with Lipofectamine2000, the new cationic liposome formulation using LHLN exhibited not only lower cytotoxicity (P < 0.05) but also similar transfection efficiency in A549 and HepG2 lung cancer cells for in vitro tests. When administered by intratracheal instillation into rat lungs for in vivo evaluation, LHLN-liposome/DNA complexes exhibited higher pulmonary gene transfection efficiency than Lipofectamine2000/DNA complexes (P < 0.05). These results suggested that LHLN-liposomes may have great potential for efficient pulmonary gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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24
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Enhanced gene transfection efficiency in CD13-positive vascular endothelial cells with targeted poly(lactic acid)–poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. J Control Release 2011; 151:162-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Novel cationic 6-lauroxyhexyl lysinate modified poly(lactic acid)–poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles enhance gene transfection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 354:528-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Cationic nanoemulsion as a delivery system for oligonucleotides targeting malarial topoisomerase II. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:402-9. [PMID: 21291974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy based on the antisense oligonucleotides against the Plasmodium falciparum topoisomerase II has been considered using cationic nanoemulsion as oligonucleotide delivery system. Phosphodiester and chemically modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotides bearing negative charges were adsorbed on positively charged emulsion composed of medium chain triglycerides, egg lecithin, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and water, at different +/- charge ratios (positive charges from cationic lipid/negative charges from oligonucleotide): +0.5/-, +2/-, +4/- and +6/-. The physicochemical properties of the complexes were determined, as well as their stability in culture medium. Their interaction with erythrocytes through hemolysis, binding experiments and confocal microscopy were also evaluated. Finally, the in vitro evaluation of parasite growth and reinfection capacity was performed. The overall results showed that antisense oligonucleotides against P. falciparum topoisomerase II gene can be efficiently adsorbed onto a cationic nanoemulsion forming complexes. Whereas unloaded nanoemulsion displayed an hemolytic effect due to the presence of the cationic lipid, this was not the case of loaded nanoemulsion at low +/- ratios. Oligonucleotide-loaded nanoemulsions were found to be located inside the infected erythrocytes, inhibiting efficiently parasite growth (until 80%) and causing a delay in P. falciparum life cycle.
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27
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Jourdan G, Dusseault J, Benhamou PY, Rosenberg L, Hallé JP. Co-encapsulation of bioengineered IGF-II-producing cells and pancreatic islets: effect on beta-cell survival. Gene Ther 2011; 18:539-45. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Liu C, Zhang N. Nanoparticles in Gene Therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:509-62. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Unciti-Broceta A, Moggio L, Dhaliwal K, Pidgeon L, Finlayson K, Haslett C, Bradley M. Safe and efficient in vitro and in vivogene delivery: tripodal cationic lipids with programmed biodegradability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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Mohammadabadi MR, El-Tamimy M, Gianello R, Mozafari MR. Supramolecular assemblies of zwitterionic nanoliposome-polynucleotide complexes as gene transfer vectors: Nanolipoplex formulation and in vitro characterisation. J Liposome Res 2010; 19:105-15. [PMID: 19242855 DOI: 10.1080/08982100802547326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic gene transfer vectors based on zwitterionic nanoliposome-DNA assemblies (nanolipoplexes), formed by the mediation of magnesium ions, were prepared by a scalable method without employing volatile solvents, high-shear force treatments or extrusion. The zwitterionic nanolipoplexes (NLP) were formulated with PC (phosphatidylcholine) and DPPC (a natural lung surfactant) incorporating different amounts of cholesterol (CHOL). The resulting structures were characterised in terms of their morphology, size and DNA content. In addition, the toxicity and transfection efficiency of the nanolipoplexes were evaluated in cultured Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells. The effects of the multivalent cation Mg(2+) on nanoliposome-DNA transfection potency were evaluated. Formulations containing 10% CHOL showed maximum transfection efficiency and the optimum amount of Mg(2+) ions for transfection with minimum cytotoxicity was ca. 20 mM. The zwitterionic formulations showed significantly less cytotoxicity compared to a commercially available cationic liposome reagent or polyethylenimine (PEI) while they were superior in terms of gene transfer potency. The zwitterionic vectors formulated in this study avoid the use of toxic cationic lipids as well as toxic solvents and may have potential application in gene therapy. The new method will enable scale-up and manufacture of safe and efficacious transfection vehicles required for preclinical and clinical studies. Based on the advantages and superiority of the formulated nanolipoplexes, this method allows for the acceleration of nanolipoplex formulation, enabling the rapid development and evaluation of novel carrier systems for genes and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mohammadabadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kerman Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
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31
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Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zhao B, Wang B. Hybrids of Nonviral Vectors for Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1003-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Zhang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Budiao Zhao
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- SEAC-ME Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
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32
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Zhi D, Zhang S, Wang B, Zhao Y, Yang B, Yu S. Transfection Efficiency of Cationic Lipids with Different Hydrophobic Domains in Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:563-77. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900393r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- DeFu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, The State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116600, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116029
| | - ShuBiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, The State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116600, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116029
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, The State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116600, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116029
| | - YiNan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, The State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116600, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116029
| | - BaoLing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, The State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116600, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116029
| | - ShiJun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, The State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116600, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 116029
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Unciti-Broceta A, Bacon MN, Bradley M. Strategies for the preparation of synthetic transfection vectors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 296:15-49. [PMID: 21504099 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1980s independent work by Felgner and Behr pioneered the use of cationic materials to complex and deliver nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. Since this time, a vast number of synthetic transfection vectors, which are typically divided into two main "transfectors", have been developed namely: (1) cationic lipids and (2) polycationic polymers. In this chapter the main synthetic approaches used for the synthesis of these compounds will be reviewed with particular attention paid to: cationic lipids and dendrimers. This review is aimed primarily at the younger audience of doctoral students and non-specialist readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Unciti-Broceta
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK.
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34
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Huang HC, Barua S, Kay DB, Rege K. Simultaneous enhancement of photothermal stability and gene delivery efficacy of gold nanorods using polyelectrolytes. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2941-52. [PMID: 19856978 PMCID: PMC2770093 DOI: 10.1021/nn900947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The propensity of nanoparticles to aggregate in aqueous media hinders their effective use in biomedical applications. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have been investigated as therapeutics, imaging agents, and diagnostics. We report that chemically generated gold nanorods rapidly aggregate in biologically relevant media. Depositing polyelectrolyte multilayers on gold nanorods enhanced the stability of these nanoparticles for at least up to 4 weeks. Dispersions of polyelectrolyte (PE)-gold nanorod assemblies (PE-GNRs) demonstrate a stable Arrhenius-like photothermal response, which was exploited for the hyperthermic ablation of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Subtoxic concentrations of PE-GNR assemblies were also employed for delivering exogenous plasmid DNA to prostate cancer cells. PE-GNRs based on a cationic polyelectrolyte recently synthesized in our laboratory demonstrated higher transfection efficacy and lower cytotoxicity compared to those based on polyethyleneimine, a current standard for polymer-mediated gene delivery. Our results indicate that judicious engineering of biocompatible polyelectrolytes leads to multifunctional gold nanorod-based assemblies that combine high stability and low cytotoxicity with photothermal ablation, gene delivery, and optical imaging capabilities on a single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chiao Huang
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106
| | - Sutapa Barua
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106
| | - David B. Kay
- Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106
- Biological Design Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106
- Corresponding Author: Kaushal Rege, Chemical Engineering, ECG 301, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6006, , Phone: 480-727-8616
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35
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Lipid-based emulsion system as non-viral gene carriers. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:639-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yu W, Liu C, Ye J, Zou W, Zhang N, Xu W. Novel cationic SLN containing a synthesized single-tailed lipid as a modifier for gene delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:215102. [PMID: 19423923 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/21/215102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) can bind DNA directly via ionic interaction and mediate in vitro gene transfection. However, toxicity is still an obstacle, which is strongly dependent on the cationic lipid used. In the present study, a novel single-tailed cationic lipid, 6-lauroxyhexyl lysinate (LHLN), was synthesized and used as a modifier to prepare stable SLN-DNA complexes by a nanoprecipitation method. The commonly used cationic lipid cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified SLN-DNA formulation served as a contrast. These two formulations were characterized and compared in terms of morphology, particle size, surface charge, DNA binding capacity, release profile, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency. The LHLN SLN-DNA complexes had a similar spherical morphology, a relatively narrow particle size distribution and a more remarkable DNA loading capability compared to the CTAB ones. Most importantly, LHLN modified SLN had a higher gene transfection efficiency than the naked DNA and CTAB ones, which was approximately equal to that of Lipofectamine-DNA complexes, and a lower cytotoxicity compared with CTAB-SLN and Lipofectamine 2000. Thus, the novel cationic SLN can achieve efficient transfection of plasmid DNA, and to some extent reduce the cytotoxicity, which might overcome some drawbacks of the conventional cationic nanocarriers in vivo and may become a promising non-viral gene therapy vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
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Unciti-Broceta A, Holder E, Jones LJ, Stevenson B, Turner AR, Porteous DJ, Boyd AC, Bradley M. Tripod-like Cationic Lipids as Novel Gene Carriers. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4076-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Unciti-Broceta
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Emma Holder
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Lisa J. Jones
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Barbara Stevenson
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Andrew R. Turner
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - David J. Porteous
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - A. Chris Boyd
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K., Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K., and the U.K. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
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Optimization of stearylamine-based nanoemulsions obtained by spontaneous emulsification process as nucleic acids delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(08)50078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mozafari MR, Reed CJ, Rostron C. Prospects of anionic nanolipoplexes in nanotherapy: Transmission electron microscopy and light scattering studies. Micron 2007; 38:787-95. [PMID: 17681472 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently nanosystems composed of polynucleotides and lipid vesicles (nanolipoplexes) are considered to be promising tools for gene therapeutics. Successful in vivo application of these vectors depends on their physicochemical, technological and biological characteristics including morphology, size distribution, molecular interactions and stability. Anionic nanoliposomes (DPPC:DCP:CHOL) were prepared by two different techniques, namely the conventional thin-film hydration method followed by extrusion, and the heating method (HM), in which no volatile solvent or detergent is used. A non-viral and non-cationic gene transfer vector was constructed by incorporating plasmid DNA (pcDNA3.1/His B/lacZ) to the HM-nanoliposomes by the electrostatic mediation of Ca(2+) ions. Transfection efficiency of the nanolipoplexes was evaluated using a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-) in the presence of serum. Particle characterisation, stability of the formulations and lipid-DNA interaction studies were performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light scattering. TEM pictures of nanolipoplexes showed presence of two to four closely packed vesicles with signs of fusion. Efficient delivery of plasmid DNA and subsequent beta-galactosidase expression was achieved using the anionic nanolipoplexes. Transfection efficiency increased with lipid:DNA ratio up to 7:1 (w/w), where transfection efficiency was 12-fold higher than in untreated cells. Further increase in lipid ratio decreased transfection. These nanolipoplexes appear to be safe, stable and efficient in the protection and delivery of DNA to different cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Mozafari
- Riddet Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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41
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Koumbi D, Clement JC, Sideratou Z, Yaouanc JJ, Loukopoulos D, Kollia P. Factors mediating lipofection potency of a series of cationic phosphonolipids in human cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1151-9. [PMID: 16730412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of cationic liposomes known as cationic phosphonolipids (CPs) were evaluated as vehicles for in vitro gene transfer in K562 erythroleukemia cells and 5637 epithelial carcinoma cells. For each CP and target cell type examined, detailed analyses were performed to determine optimal transfection conditions (lipid/ DNA (+/-) charge ratio, amount of complexed episomal DNA, liposomal and lipoplex size, complexation medium and duration of complex-cell exposure time). Lipofection conditions were determined to be both cell- and lipid-type specific. Complexation medium critically affected transfection competence. The initial size of the liposome was not always predictive of lipofection potency. The lipid chemical composition had a strong impact upon lipofection efficiency; DOPE inclusion in the liposome formulations was found to affect the levels of transgene expression in a cell-dependent way. Notably, effective transgene expression was characterized by prominent plasmid nuclear incorporation. Human A gamma- and epsilon-globin transgene nuclear incorporation and expression in 5637 cells post GLB.391-mediated lipofection lends credence to its use as a vehicle of therapeutic transgene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Koumbi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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42
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Jang JS, Kim SY, Lee SB, Kim KO, Han JS, Lee YM. Poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymeric nanoparticles for non-viral gene delivery: The role of charge group and molecular weight in particle formation, cytotoxicity and transfection. J Control Release 2006; 113:173-82. [PMID: 16750279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two types of nanoparticles containing pGL3-Control (plasmid DNA) were prepared using nonionic amphiphlic block copolymers and ionic amphiphilic block copolymers containing a terminal cationic group to investigate the effect of charge on the vehicle properties for systemic gene delivery. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG)/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) diblock copolymers were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerizatrion of epsilon-caprolactone in the presence of a catalyst-free MPEG homopolymer. The hydroxy groups of MPEG/PCL block copolymer were then modified into an amine group to synthesize an amine-terminated MPEG/PCL diblock copolymer (AMPEG/PCL). DNA was incorporated into the polymeric nanoparticles by physical entrapment and electrostatic interaction. All nanoparticle samples exhibited spherical structures and although their sizes increased slightly after DNA-loading, they remained less than 160 nm. The AMPEG/PCL nanoparticles exhibited smaller particle sizes than the MPEG/PCL nanoparticles of the same molecular weight after DNA-loading. The optimum mixing ratio of MPEG/PCL and AMPEG/PCL copolymers to DNA ranged from 4:1 to 1:2 depending on the molecular weight of the block copolymer, the composition of MPEG and PCL and terminal amine group. Based on in vitro cytotoxicity tests, the DNA-loaded MPEG/PCL and AMPEG/PCL nanoparticles did not induce any remarkable cytotoxicity against normal human fibroblasts. Transfection efficiencies of DNA-loaded nanoparticles were improved about 3.4 - 12.9 times under serum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Soon Jang
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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43
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Lv H, Zhang S, Wang B, Cui S, Yan J. Toxicity of cationic lipids and cationic polymers in gene delivery. J Control Release 2006; 114:100-9. [PMID: 16831482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1595] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, as a promising therapeutics to treat genetic or acquired diseases, has achieved exciting development in the past two decades. Appropriate gene vectors can be crucial for gene transfer. Cationic lipids and polymers, the most important non-viral vectors, have many advantages over viral ones as non-immunogenic, easy to produce and not oncogenic. They hold the promise to replace viral vectors to be used in clinic. However, the toxicity is still an obstacle to the application of non-viral vectors to gene therapy. For overcoming the problem, many new cationic compounds have been developed. This article provides a review with respect to toxicity of cationic lipids and polymers in gene delivery. We evaluate the structural features of cationic compounds and summarize the relationship of toxicity and structure and hope to provide available suggestions on the development of these cationic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lv
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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44
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Wang B, Qiao W, Liu D, Li Z. Cationic compounds used in lipoplexes and polyplexes for gene delivery. J Control Release 2004; 100:165-80. [PMID: 15544865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer represents an important advance in the treatment of both genetic and acquired diseases. Many cationic lipids and cationic polymers naturally occurred or synthesized have been used for gene transfer. They have the advantages over viral gene transfer as non-immunogenic, easy to produce and not oncogenic. These cationic compounds, however, have the major limitations of inefficient transfection and toxicity to cells. For overcoming these problems, many new cationic compounds were developed since the first cationic lipid, DOTMA, was found usage in gene therapy. This article reviews cationic lipids for gene therapy from chemistry viewpoint and we classify these compounds as monovalent cationic lipids, polyvalent cationic lipids, cationic polymers, guanidine containing compounds, cationic peptides and cholesterol containing compounds, and hope to provide suggestions on the development of this variety of cationic compounds through the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian Development Zone 116600, PR China.
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45
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Cryan S, Donohue R, Ravoo B, Darcy R, O'Driscoll C. Cationic cyclodextrin amphiphiles as gene delivery vectors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(04)50006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Dass CR. Biochemical and biophysical characteristics of lipoplexes pertinent to solid tumour gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2002; 241:1-25. [PMID: 12086717 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes have become the reagent of choice for transfer of nucleic acids such as plasmids and oligodeoxynucleotides to cells in culture and in vivo. Whilst these reagents have several advantages over other forms of nucleic acid transfer methods, toxicity remains a significant problem, especially in vivo. Recent studies have also highlighted the immunostimulatory nature of these cationic vesicles when complexed to plasmid DNA, a phenomenon that may be harnessed for efficacious usage against tumours. Current research in this dynamic technological field is aimed at the development of cationic lipids that have negligible toxic effects and enhanced transfection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R Dass
- Johnson & Johnson Research, 1 Central Avenue, Australian Technology Park, 1430, Eveleigh, Australia.
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47
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Shi W, Siemann DW. Inhibition of renal cell carcinoma angiogenesis and growth by antisense oligonucleotides targeting vascular endothelial growth factor. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:119-26. [PMID: 12085267 PMCID: PMC2364273 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2002] [Revised: 04/22/2002] [Accepted: 04/23/2002] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for growth and metastatic spread of solid tumours. It is tightly controlled by specific regulatory factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor has been implicated as the key factor in tumour angiogenesis. In the present studies we evaluated the effects of blocking vascular endothelial growth factor production by antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides on the growth and angiogenic activity of a pre-clinical model of renal cell carcinoma (Caki-1). In vitro studies showed that treating Caki-1 cells with antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides directed against vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA led to a reduction in expressed vascular endothelial growth factor levels sufficient to impair the proliferation and migration of co-cultured endothelial cells. The observed effects were antisense sequence specific, dose dependent, and could be achieved at a low, non-toxic concentration of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. When vascular endothelial growth factor antisense treated Caki-1 cells were injected into nude mice and evaluated for their angiogenic potential, the number of vessels initiated were approximately half that induced by untreated Caki-1 cells. To test the anti-tumour efficacy of vascular endothelial growth factor antisense, phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides were administrated to nude mice bearing macroscopic Caki-1 xenografts. The results showed that the systemic administration of two doses of vascular endothelial growth factor antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides given 1 and 4 days after the tumours reached a size of approximately 200 mm(3) significantly increased the time for tumours to grow to 1000 mm(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Florida, Box 100267, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Herscovici J, Egron MJ, Quenot A, Leclercq F, Leforestier N, Mignet N, Wetzer B, Scherman D. Synthesis of new cationic lipids from an unsaturated glycoside scaffold. Org Lett 2001; 3:1893-6. [PMID: 11405738 DOI: 10.1021/ol0159423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[see structure]. We report the synthesis of new cationic lipids. These amphiphiles present a hydrophobic domain connected to a guanidinium entity by an unsaturated glycoside scaffold. The synthetic strategy using amide or acetal linkage led to various mono- and bicatenar derivatives. Investigation of their physicochemical properties indicated that these new compounds compact DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Herscovici
- LCBBMC UMR 7001 CNRS-ENSCP-Aventis Gencell. ENSCP 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75231 Paris Cedex France.
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Abstract
The delivery of genetic material into cells is a field that is expanding very rapidly. Non-viral delivery methods, especially ones that focus on the use of chemical agents complexed with genetic material, are the focus of this mini-review. More-recent uses of known transfection agents such as poly(ethylenimine), poly(L-lysine), and various liposomes are discussed, and some novel approaches (both chemical and methodical) are reviewed as well. A very brief look at how non-viral gene delivery research is being aimed at the clinic is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Godbey
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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Koh JJ, Ko KS, Lee M, Han S, Park JS, Kim SW. Degradable polymeric carrier for the delivery of IL-10 plasmid DNA to prevent autoimmune insulitis of NOD mice. Gene Ther 2000; 7:2099-104. [PMID: 11223991 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that biodegradable poly [alpha-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid] (PAGA) can condense and protect plasmid DNA from DNase I. In this study, we investigated whether the systemic administration of pCAGGS mouse IL-10 (mIL-10) expression plasmid complexed with PAGA can reduce the development of insulitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. PAGA/mIL-10 plasmid complexes were stable for more than 60 min, but the naked DNA was destroyed within 10 min by DNase I. The PAGA/DNA complexes were injected into the tail vein of 3-week-old NOD mice. Serum mIL-10 level peaked at 5 days after injection, and could be detected for more than 9 weeks. The prevalence of severe insulitis on 12-week-old NOD mice was markedly reduced by the intravenous injection of PAGA/DNA complex (15.7%) compared with that of naked DNA injection (34.5%) and non-treated controls (90.9%). In conclusion, systemic administration of pCAGGS mIL-10 plasmid/PAGA complexes can reduce the severity of insulitis in NOD mice. This study shows that the PAGA/DNA complex has the potential for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 2099-2104.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Koh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA
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