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Kishore S, Malik S, Shah MP, Bora J, Chaudhary V, Kumar L, Sayyed RZ, Ranjan A. A comprehensive review on removal of pollutants from wastewater through microbial nanobiotechnology -based solutions. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-26. [PMID: 35923085 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasing wastewater pollution owing to the briskly rising human population, rapid industrialization, and fast urbanization has necessitated highly efficient wastewater treatment technologies. Although several methods of wastewater treatments are in practice, expensiveness, use of noxious chemicals, generation of unsafe by-products, and longer time consumption restrain their use to a great extent. Over the last few decades, nanotechnological wastewater treatment approaches have received widespread recognition globally. Microbially fabricated nanoparticles reduce the utilization of reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents, and exhibit higher adsorptive and catalytic efficiency than chemically synthesized nanomaterials. The present review comprehensively summarizes the applications of microbial nanotechnology in the removal of a wide range of noxious wastewater pollutants. Moreover, prospects and challenges associated with the integration of nanotechnology with other biological treatment technologies including algal-membrane bioreactor, aerobic digestion, microbial fuel cells, and microbial nanofiber webs have also been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Jutishna Bora
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Lamha Kumar
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Riyaz Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Lu X, Qiu W, Peng J, Xu H, Wang D, Cao Y, Zhang W, Ma J. A Review on Additives-assisted Ultrasound for Organic Pollutants Degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123915. [PMID: 33264967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past 2 decades, considerable attentions have been paid to the sonochemical advanced oxidation processes (SAOPs) in the fields of pollutants removal. SAOPs are powerful methods for refractory pollutants degradation due to the free radicals (e.g., •OH and •H) generated by water pyrolysis and extremely high temperature and pressure in and around cavitation bubbles. Reports on various additives for the improvement of sonochemical pollutants degradation including oxidants, inorganic anions, etc. have been made. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the ultrasound (US) alone and sono-hybrid systems for various pollutants degradation. In this paper, the degradation efficiency of various pollutants in sono-hybrid systems are elucidated in detail, and particular emphasis is placed on the reaction mechanism of additives in US for the enhancement of pollutants degradation. The problems on the applications of the current sono-hybrid systems are identified and discussed, and the outlooks for further in-depth studies on the challenges and some research needs for the applications of SAOPs for the removal of organic pollutants from aquatic systems are made at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jiali Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haodan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Wang S, Wang Z, Shang Y, Tian Y, Cai Q, Li Z, Zhao J. A Pt 3 cluster anchored on a C 2N monolayer as an efficient catalyst for electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline: a computational study. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Pt3 cluster anchored on h-C2N exhibits ultra-high catalytic activity towards nitrobenzene reduction with a small limiting potential (−0.19 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zhongxu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Yongchen Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China
| | - Qinghai Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
- Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Information Center, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
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Iron-assisted biological wastewater treatment: Synergistic effect between iron and microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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ElMetwally A, Eshaq G, Al-Sabagh A, Yehia F, Philip C, Moussa N, ElShafei GM. Insight into heterogeneous Fenton-sonophotocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene using metal oxychlorides. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jeong S, Lee H, Park H, Jeon KJ, Park YK, Jung SC. Rapid photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene under the simultaneous illumination of UV and microwave radiation fields with a TiO2 ball catalyst. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Yang K, Jin Y, Yue Q, Zhao P, Gao Y, Wu S, Gao B. Comparison of two modified coal ash ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis ceramic media for pretreatment of tetracycline wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:12462-12473. [PMID: 28361400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Application of modified sintering ferric-carbon ceramics (SFC) and sintering-free ferric-carbon ceramics (SFFC) based on coal ash and scrap iron for pretreatment of tetracycline (TET) wastewater was investigated in this article. Physical property, morphological character, toxic metal leaching content, and crystal component were studied to explore the application possibility of novel ceramics in micro-electrolysis reactors. The influences of operating conditions including influent pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and air-water ratio (A/W) on the removal of tetracycline were studied. The results showed that SFC and SFFC were suitable for application in micro-electrolysis reactors. The optimum conditions of SFC reactor were pH of 3, HRT of 7 h, and A/W of 10. For SFFC reactor, the optimum conditions were pH of 2, HRT of 7 h, and A/W of 15. In general, the TET removal efficiency of SFC reactor was better than that of SFFC reactor. However, the harden resistance of SFFC was better than that of SFC. Furthermore, the biodegradability of TET wastewater was improved greatly after micro-electrolysis pretreatment for both SFC and SFFC reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Pin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Suqing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Hu J, Ding Y, Zhang H, Wu P, Li X. Highly effective Ru/CMK-3 catalyst for selective reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives with H2O as solvent at near ambient temperature. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ru nanoparticles entrapped in ordered mesoporous carbon exhibit superior efficiency in the reduction of nitroarenes in water with hydrazine monohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Yue Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- China
| | - Peng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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Li J, Li X, Ding Y, Wu P. Pt nanoparticles entrapped in ordered mesoporous carbons: An efficient catalyst for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and its derivatives. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)60937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yu B, Jin R, Liu G, Zhou J. Reductive transformation of p-nitrotoluene by a new iron-fly ash packing. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 37:31-36. [PMID: 26574085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new iron-fly ash packing was studied for reductive transformation of p-nitrotoluene. The packing was made of iron, fly ash and kaolin with the mass ratio of 36:7:2. A reactor was designed to investigate the long-term performance of the packing. The results showed that the reduction of p-nitrotoluene increased with decreasing pH, because the reduction potential of reaction increased with the concentration of H(+). The pH was one of the key factors impacting the reductive transformation of p-nitrotoluene. Comparing iron-activated carbon packing with the new iron-fly ash packing, the reduction efficiencies were respectively 76.61% and 75.36% after 20days. The reduction efficiency for both was around 50% at 40days. It was evident that these two kinds of packing had no significant difference in their capability for p-nitrotoluene reductive transformation. Compared with iron-activated carbon, the new iron-fly ash packing had obvious advantages in terms of manufacturing costs and environmental pollution degradation. This study showed that the new iron-fly ash packing had good performance in reductive transformation of nitrotoluene compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baizhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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12
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Pt nanoparticles entrapped in mesoporous metal–organic frameworks MIL-101 as an efficient catalyst for liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehydes and nitrobenzenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Nakatsuji Y, Salehi Z, Kawase Y. Mechanisms for removal of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution using zero-valent iron. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 152:183-191. [PMID: 25662484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Batch experiments were conducted to examine mechanisms for removal of p-nitrophenol (PNP) from aqueous solution using zero-valent iron (ZVI). Removal of PNP using ZVI was mainly attributed to three mechanisms: degradation, precipitation and adsorption. A complete removal of 30 mg L(-1) PNP with ZVI dosage of 1000 mg L(-1) achieved within 30 min at pH 3. The PNP removal rate in the acidic solutions was significantly suppressed at higher pH. The modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model could successfully describe the PNP removal process using ZVI at different pH conditions. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies were found to be almost independent of pH. While the TOC removal at lower pH was profoundly affected by the reductive and/or oxidative degradation, the adsorption was favorable at higher pH. The effect of dissolved oxygen on PNP removal was investigated at pH 3 where a maximum contribution of oxidative degradation could be expected. The PNP removal in the anoxic system purged with nitrogen gas was quick as well as that in the system being open to the air. However, the TOC removal under the anoxic condition was negligible as compared with that in the oxic system. The profiles of the intermediates formed during the PNP degradation indicated that the reductive degradation was predominant in the initial phase of the removal and subsequently the oxidative degradation occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakatsuji
- Research Center for Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Toyo University, Kawagoe 2100, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Zeinab Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoshinori Kawase
- Research Center for Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Toyo University, Kawagoe 2100, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
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Dong X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhang M. Catalytic mechanism study on manganese oxide in the catalytic supercritical water oxidation of nitrobenzene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04322k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MnO2and Mn2O3transform into each other, and the mixture acts as an electron relay to promote the generation of strong oxidizing agents and the catalytic oxidation of nitrobenzene during catalytic supercritical water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Dong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Ya’nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yongwei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Minhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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Liu J, Ou C, Han W, Faheem F, Shen J, Bi H, Sun X, Li J, Wang L. Selective removal of nitroaromatic compounds from wastewater in an integrated zero valent iron (ZVI) reduction and ZVI/H2O2 oxidation process. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08487c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an integrated system comprised of zero-valent iron (ZVI) reduction and ZVI-based Fenton oxidation was applied for the selective removal of nitroaromatic compounds from 2,4-dinitroanisole producing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Weiqing Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Faheem Faheem
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Huiping Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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Fjordbøge AS, Baun A, Vastrup T, Kjeldsen P. Zero valent iron reduces toxicity and concentrations of organophosphate pesticides in contaminated groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:627-633. [PMID: 23021613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential of zero valent iron (ZVI) for remediation of contaminated groundwater from an abandoned chemical disposal site was examined through batch and column experiments. The key contaminants were organophosphate pesticides but the chemical analysis also comprised additional 22 compounds including synthesis intermediates and degradation products of organophosphates. The ZVI treatment showed that all the contaminants were degraded with the exception of two diesters (phosphorothioates). The most rapid reduction was found for methyl parathion, ethyl parathion and malathion, which had first-order degradation rate constants on the order of 10(-3) min(-1). In the study, acute toxicity towards freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna) was included to evaluate the overall efficiency of ZVI treatment of the complex mixture. The acute toxicity tests with D. magna showed that the untreated groundwater was highly toxic. Thus, 50% of the daphnids were unable to swim upon 24h exposure to groundwater diluted 770 times. ZVI facilitated degradation resulted in a complete toxicity removal for the first four pore volumes, where after a three times dilution caused 50% inhibition of the mobility of the daphnids. The rapid degradation of the highly toxic organophosphates combined with the significant decrease in the ecotoxicological potential shows a promising potential for site remediation of organophosphates with ZVI technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika S Fjordbøge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, Building 113, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Wang D, Zheng G, Zhou L. Isolation and characterization of a nitrobenzene-degrading bacterium Klebsiella ornithinolytica NB1 from aerobic granular sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:91-96. [PMID: 22342585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Strain NB1 was isolated from aerobic granular sludge capable of degrading nitrobenzene. Effects of several factors including pH, temperature, salinity, and second carbon/nitrogen source as co-substrate on the biodegradation of nitrobenzene by strain NB1 were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for the biodegradation of nitrobenzene by strain NB1 were at pH 7.0 and 28-35°C. Under these conditions, the biodegradation rate of nitrobenzene could reach 9.29mgl(-1)h(-1) when the initial nitrobenzene concentration was 600mgl(-1). The addition of 1840mgl(-1) glucose or 500mgl(-1) ammonium chloride could slightly enhance the biodegradation efficiency, but even more addition of glucose or ammonium chloride delayed the biodegradation. Strain NB1 could degrade nitrobenzene in the presence of less than 3% NaCl (w/v %). Based on morphological and physiological characteristics as well as the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, strain NB1 was identified as Klebsiella ornithinolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
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18
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Özay H, Kubilay S, Aktas N, Sahiner N. Utilization of Environmentally Benign Hydrogels and Their Networks as Reactor Media in the Catalytic Reduction of Nitrophenols. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2010.504168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Sun H, Xu X, Gao G, Zhang Z, Yin P. A novel integrated active capping technique for the remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 182:184-190. [PMID: 20619966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a novel integrated active capping system and to investigate its efficiency in the remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated sediment. An integrated Fe(0)-sorbent-microorganism remediation system was proposed as an in situ active capping technique to remediate nitrobenzene-contaminated sediment. In this system, nitrobenzene was reduced to aniline by Fe(0), which has a much better biodegradability. The sorption capacity and structural properties of cinder was measured to examine its applicability as the sorbent and matrix for this integrated capping system. Indigenous microorganisms from Songhuajiang River sediment, which was contaminated by nitrobenzene and aniline in Chinese Petrochemical Explosion in Jilin, were acquired one month after the explosion and used in this active capping system to degrade nitrobenzene and its reduced product, aniline. A bench-scale remediation experiment was conducted on a mimicked nitrobenzene-contaminated sediment to investigate the efficiency of the integrated capping system and the synergistic effects of the combined components in the active capping system. The results show that this integrated active capping system can effectively block the release of target pollutants into the upper-layer water and remove the compounds from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Ratanatamskul C, Chintitanun S, Masomboon N, Lu MC. Inhibitory effect of inorganic ions on nitrobenzene oxidation by fluidized-bed Fenton process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Li G, Guo S, Li F. Treatment of oilfield produced water by anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:1875-1882. [PMID: 21462704 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of oilfield produced water was investigated using an anaerobic process coupled with micro-electrolysis (ME), focusing on changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biodegradability. Results showed that COD exhibited an abnormal change in the single anaerobic system in which it increased within the first 168 hr, but then decreased to 222 mg/L after 360 hr. The biological oxygen demand (five-day) (BODs)/COD ratio of the water increased from 0.05 to 0.15. Hydrocarbons in the wastewater, such as pectin, degraded to small molecules during the hydrolytic acidification process. Comparatively, the effect of ME was also investigated. The COD underwent a slight decrease and the BOD5/COD ratio of the water improved from 0.05 to 0.17 after ME. Removal of COD was 38.3% under the idealized ME conditions (pH 6.0), using iron and active carbon (80 and 40 g/L, respectively). Coupling the anaerobic process with ME accelerated the COD removal ratio (average removal was 53.3%). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze organic species conversion. This integrated system appeared to be a useful option for the treatment of water produced in oilfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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22
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Dong J, Zhao Y, Zhao R, Zhou R. Effects of pH and particle size on kinetics of nitrobenzene reduction by zero-valent iron. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:1741-1747. [PMID: 21235162 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitrobenzene has been considered as a significant groundwater contaminant due to its wide usage in explosives, insecticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and dyes. Nitrobenzene is of environmental concern because of its toxicity. In the presence of zero-valent iron (ZVI), reduction of the nitro group is the dominant transformation process for nitrobenzene. A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the kinetics of nitrobenzene reduction by ZVI and the effects of pH and ZVI particle size on nitrobenzene removal in groundwater. The results indicated that nitrobenzene could be reduced to aniline by ZVI; the reduction of nitrobenzene by ZVI followed a pseudo first-order kinetics; the observed nitrobenzene reduction rate constant (k(obs)) was 0.0006 min(-1) and the half-life of nitrobenzene (t1/2) was 115.5 min; the mass balance achieved 87.5% for nitrobenzene reduction by the 1 mm ZVI particle and the final removal efficiency was 80.98%. In addition, the pH and ZVI particle size were found to exhibit significant influences on the nitrobenzene reduction. The observed nitrobenzene reduction rate constant linearly decreased with increase pH and the data fitted on polynomial regression equation for the observed nitrobenzene reduction rate constant and ZVI particle size. Therefore, use of ZVI based permeable reactive barrier technology to remedy nitrobenzene contaminated groundwater was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
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Tong S, Shi R, Zhang H, Ma C. Catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, nitrobenzene and oxalic acid in water. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:1623-1628. [PMID: 21235195 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using Fe(NO3)3 x 9H2O and Co(NO3)2 x 6H2O as the precursors, and its catalytic performance was investigated in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP), nitrobenzene and oxalic acid. The experimental results indicated that Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst enabled an interesting improvement of ozonation efficiency during the degradation of each organic pollutant, and the Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation system followed a radical-type mechanism. The kinetics of ozonation alone and Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation of three organic pollutants in aqueous solution were discussed under the mere consideration of direct ozone reaction and OH radical reaction to well investigate its performance. In the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP, the apparent reaction rate constants (k) were determined to be 1.456 x 10(-2) min(-1) for ozonation alone and 4.740 x 10(-2) min(-1) for O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al203. And O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 had a larger R(ct) (6.614 x 10(-9)) calculated by the relative method than O3 did (1.800 x 10(-9)), showing O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 generated more hydroxyl radical. Similar results were also obtained in the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and oxalic acid. The above results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 in ozonation of studied organic substance was universal to a certain degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Tong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Zhao L, Ma J, Zhai X. Enhanced mechanism of catalytic ozonation by ultrasound with orthogonal dual frequencies for the degradation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2010; 17:84-91. [PMID: 19666236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The experiments have been performed with a semi-continuous batch reactor to investigate the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by ultrasound with the different orthogonal dual frequencies catalytic ozonation. The introduction of ultrasound can enhance the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene compared to the results obtained from the processes of ozonation alone and ultrasound alone. The degradation of nitrobenzene is found to be zero-order in the two systems of ultrasound alone, and the reactions follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model in the processes of ozone alone and ozone/ultrasound. The investigation confirms that the degradation of nitrobenzene follows the mechanism of hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) oxidation, and the enhancement function is even more pronounced in the presence of ultrasound with the greater difference between the orthogonal dual frequencies due to the obvious synergetic effect between ozone and ultrasound, which increases the utilization efficiency of ozone, and accelerates the initiation of (*)OH and the formation of H(2)O(2), resulting in the rapid formation of an increasing diversity of byproducts and the advancement degree of mineralization of total organic carbon (TOC). The oxidative byproducts have been, respectively identified in the different processes selected, including o, p, m-nitrophenols, phenol, malonic acid, 4-nitrocatechol, nitrate ion, maleic acid, oxalic acid, hydroquinone, p-quinone, 1,2,3-trihydroxy-5-nitrobenzene and acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Barreto-Rodrigues M, Silva FT, Paiva TCB. Optimization of Brazilian TNT industry wastewater treatment using combined zero-valent iron and fenton processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 168:1065-1069. [PMID: 19395169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the optimization of combined zero-valent iron and fenton processes for the treatment of TNT industry wastewater, a residue with recognized polluting potential due to its high concentration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and extremely acidic pH due of the nature of the product purification process. The results of the optimization study indicate that the most efficient condition for reducing the concentration of TNT also generates sufficient amounts of iron(II)for the subsequent oxidative treatment through the Fenton reaction. In general, it was observed that the treatment was highly efficient in terms of meeting the main associated environmental parameters, since it reduced acute toxicity, removed 100% of TNT, 100% of the organic nitrogen and 95.4% of the COD.
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26
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He N, Li P, Zhou Y, Fan S, Ren W. Degradation of pentachlorobiphenyl by a sequential treatment using Pd coated iron and an aerobic bacterium (H1). CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:1491-1497. [PMID: 19596135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The reductive dechlorination and biodegradation of 2,2(')4,5,5(')-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB#101) was investigated in a laboratory-scale. Palladium coated iron (Pd/Fe) was used as a catalytic reductant for the chemical degradation of 2,2(')4,5,5(')-pentachlorobiphenyl, and an aerobic bacteria was used for biodegradation following the chemical reaction in this study. Dechlorination was affected by several factors such as Pd loading, initial soil pH and the amount of Pd/Fe used. The results showed that higher Pd loading, higher dosage of Pd/Fe and slightly acid condition were beneficial to the catalytic dechlorination of 2,2('),4,5,5(')-pentachlorobiphenyl. In laboratory batch experiments, 2,2(')4,5,5(')-pentachlorobiphenyl was reduced in the presence of Pd/Fe bimetal, which was not further degraded by aerobic bacteria. 2,2('),4-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB#17), a reduction product from 2,2(')4,5,5(')-pentachlorobiphenyl, was readily biodegraded in the presence of a aerobic bacterial strain. It is suggested that an integrated Pd/Fe catalytic reduction-aerobic biodegradation process may be a feasible option for treating PCB-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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27
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Zhao L, Ma J, Zhai X. Synergetic effect of ultrasound with dual fields for the degradation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5094-5099. [PMID: 19673312 DOI: 10.1021/es9003334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have been performed with a semicontinuous batch reactor to compare the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by the ultrasonic processes of single field, opposite dual fields, and orthogonal dual fields. Ultrasound with dual fields can improve the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene compared to that of single field, and the improvement phenomenon is even more pronounced in the orthogonal dual-field system. The degradation reactions of nitrobenzene in the three processes all follow the pseudofirst-order kinetic model. The mechanism investigation indicates the degradation proceeds via hydroxyl radical (*OH) oxidation. The enhancement efficiency of orthogonal dual fields is attributed to an obvious synergetic effect, which accelerates the *OH initiation from 0.28 micromol L(-1) min(-1) for a single field to 0.98 micromol L(-1) min(-1) compared with 0.42 micromol L(-1) min(-1) for opposite dual fields, resulting in rapid formation of an increased diversity of byproducts and an advanced degree of mineralization of total organic carbon (TOC). The introduction of an ultrasonic field placed in the different spatial position causes a variable kinetic order during the removal of TOC. The degradation byproducts are identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and ion chromatography, including p-, m-nitrophenol, malonic acid, nitrate ion, 4-nitrocatechol, phenol, maleic acid, oxalic acid, hydroquinone, 1,2,3-trihydroxy-5-nitrobenzene, and acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Szecsody JE, McKinley JP, Breshears AT, Crocker FH. Abiotic/biotic degradation and mineralization of N-nitrosodimethylamine in aquifer sediments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.20195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Ma L, Zhang WX. Enhanced biological treatment of industrial wastewater with bimetallic zero-valent iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:5384-5389. [PMID: 18754450 DOI: 10.1021/es801743s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luming Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Thomas JM, Hernandez R, Kuo CH. Single-step treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene via zero-valent metal reduction and chemical oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 155:193-198. [PMID: 18166266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are considered toxic and potential carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated reductive/oxidative process for treating NACs contaminated waters. The process consists of the combination of zero-valent iron and an ozonation based treatment technique. Corrosion promoters are added to the contaminated water to minimize passivation of the metallic species. Water contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) was treated with the integrated process using a recirculated batch reactor. It was demonstrated that addition of corrosion promoters to the contaminated water enhances the reduction of 2,4-DNT with zero-valent iron. The addition of corrosion promoters resulted in 62% decrease in 2,4-DNT concentration to 2,4-diaminotoluene. The data shows that iron reduced the 2,4-DNT and ozone oxidized these products resulting in a 73% removal of TOC and a 96% decrease in 2,4-DNT concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mathew Thomas
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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31
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Zhao L, Ma J, Sun Z, Zhai X. Mechanism of influence of initial pH on the degradation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by ceramic honeycomb catalytic ozonation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:4002-4007. [PMID: 18589958 DOI: 10.1021/es702926q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The influences of initial pH on the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution were investigated with a semicontinuous batch reactor in the processes of ozone alone, ozone/ceramic honeycomb, and adsorption of ceramic honeycomb. The results indicated that initial pH significantly affected the concentrations of offgas, residual ozone, and the utilization efficiency of ozone. The experiments also detected the generation of hydroxyl radicals (*OH), the removal of TOC, and the formation and evolution of byproduct at different initial pHs in the ceramic honeycomb catalytic ozonation process. It was found that the systems of different initial pHs exhibited the different extent of the conversion of pH, the leaching of effective components, and the establishment of pH at the point of zero charge (pH(PZC)) in the catalytic oxidation process. The experimental findings presented a good correlation between initial pH and terminal pH and the establishment of pHpzc with terminal pH, and indicated the relationship between the absolute value of the difference between terminal pH and terminal pH(PZC) (A) and the density of surface hydroxyl groups. Based on the correlation between the density of surface hydroxyl groups in the neutral state and A, possible mechanism of influence of initial pH on the degradation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by ceramic honeycomb catalytic ozonation was proposed, suggesting that the conversion of initial pH determines the establishment of pHpzc, and the synergistic effect of pH terminal and pHpzc terminal affects the density of surface hydroxyl groups in the neutral state, which controls the concentration of *OH, determining the degradation of nitrobenzene and the formation of byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 202 Haihe Road, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Wang L, Barrington S, Kim JW. Biodegradation of pentyl amine and aniline from petrochemical wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 83:191-7. [PMID: 16678965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the project were to isolate a bacterial strain capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline and to define the optimal pentyl amine and aniline degradation conditions for this bacterial strain. The bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a Northeastern China treatment facility for petrochemical wastewater rich in pentyl amine and aniline. Once the strain was isolated, five triplicate (5) batch tests were used to establish the conditions for maximum pentyl amine and aniline degradation, by varying one at a time the following five factors: temperature, pH, reaction time, pollutant concentrations and aeration rate. In a final test, oil refinery sludge was inoculated with the strain and tested for the degradation of pentyl amine and aniline under optimal conditions, while observing the degradation pathway of pentyl amine and aniline. The isolated strain, PN1001, is a member of the Pseudomonas species and it was capable of degrading pentyl amine and aniline. The optimal reactor conditions for the degradation of a mixture of pentyl amine and aniline, at a concentration ranging between 150 and 200mg/L, were found to be 30 degrees C at a pH of 7.0, under a reaction time of 24h and a maximum solution dissolved oxygen level of 6 mgO(2)/L. Under such conditions, the strain PN1001 degraded 93% and 89% of the pentyl amine and aniline, respectively, aniline being more toxic and demonstrating a more complex degradation pathway. The strain PN1001 degraded more contaminants when both were present because of the pi and sigma electron cloud coordination functions of aniline and pentyl amine, respectively, presumed to reduce the toxic effect of aniline. Once inoculated with the strain, oil refinery sludge degraded 93% and 88% of the pentyl amine and aniline, compared to the strain alone which degraded 72% and 82%, likely because of the sludge's buffering effect against the toxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Faculty of Environmental and biological Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110000, China
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33
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Huang YH, Zhang TC. Reduction of nitrobenzene and formation of corrosion coatings in zerovalent iron systems. WATER RESEARCH 2006; 40:3075-3082. [PMID: 16901528 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Revised: 05/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Batch tests were conducted to investigate reduction of nitrobenzene in a zerovalent iron system (Fe0) under various conditions. The results indicated that a limited amount of nitrobenzene (ArNO2) could be reduced to aniline by Fe0, but formation of a lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) coating could significantly slow down the reaction. However, augmenting Fe0 with substoichiometric FeCl2 could dramatically accelerate the reaction. Surface-adsorbed Fe(II), not pH nor Cl-, was found to be responsible for rejuvenating the system. O2 and nitrobenzene could be concomitantly reduced by Fe0 in the presence of Fe2+. In the Fe0 system, both nitrobenzene and O2 favored formation of lepidocrocite; in the presence of aq. Fe(II), a stratified corrosion coating could develop, with magnetite (Fe3O4) as the inner layer and lepidocrocite as the outer layer. Fe2+ was not the main reductant for the reactions, but might accelerate the autoreduction of lepidocrocite to magnetite by the underlying Fe0. Our understanding on the role of Fe(II) in conjunction with a stratified, evolving corrosion coating may be useful for establishing an iron aquatic corrosion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong H Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln at Omaha Campus, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, USA.
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln at Omaha Campus, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, USA
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Xu WY, Gao TY, Fan JH. Reduction of nitrobenzene by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2005; 123:232-41. [PMID: 15936875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction characteristics of nitrobenzene were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed in this paper. The results showed that nitrobenzene was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by the hydrogen evolved at cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by the hydrogen evolved at cathode in Master Builders' iron. Both acidity and basicity favored the direct reduction at the copper electrode. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating nitrobenzene-containing water, withal. This advantage was particular noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode and anode compartments, respectively, and the experimental results showed that the direct pathway had a large role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. To reduce nitrobenzene directly at the copper electrode is easier than to reduce it by the hydrogen evolved at cathode, copper could be regarded as the electrocatalyst in this case. The influence of copper usage on the treatment efficiency by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was also studied. The results indicated copper increased the reduction rate. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Xu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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