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Borah G, Dam B, Patel BK. Ortho
‐Functionalization of Benzimidates and Benzamidines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongutri Borah
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - Binoyargha Dam
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - Bhisma K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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Monteiro M, Lechuga G, Lara L, Souto B, Viganó M, Bourguignon S, Calvet C, Oliveira F, Alves C, Souza-Silva F, Santos M, Pereira M. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and trypanocidal activity of pyrazole-imidazoline and new pyrazole-tetrahydropyrimidine hybrids as promising chemotherapeutic agents for Chagas disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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Synthesis and antifungal activity of benzamidine derivatives carrying 1,2,3-triazole moieties. Molecules 2014; 19:5674-91. [PMID: 24796390 PMCID: PMC6270668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen novel benzamidine derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole moieties were synthesized. The in vitro and in vivo fungicidal acitivities of the title compounds and the arylamidine intermediates against Colletotrichum lagenarium and Botrytis cinerea were tested. The synthesized benzamidines exhibited weak antifungal activities in vitro against the tested fungi, but some of the compounds showed excellent activities in vivo to the same strains. Among the compounds tested, 9b showed 79% efficacy in vivo against C. lagenarium at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, and the efficacy of compound 16d (90%) toward the same strain was even superior than that of the commercial fungicide carbendazim (85%).
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Patrick DA, Ismail MA, Arafa RK, Wenzler T, Zhu X, Pandharkar T, Jones SK, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Boykin DW, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of dicationic m-terphenyl and 1,3-dipyridylbenzene derivatives. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5473-94. [PMID: 23795673 DOI: 10.1021/jm400508e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
4,4″-Diamidino-m-terphenyl (1) and 36 analogues were prepared and assayed in vitro against T rypanosoma brucei rhodesiense , Trypanosoma cruzi , Plasmodium falciparum , and Leishmania amazonensis . Twenty-three compounds were highly active against T. b. rhodesiense or P. falciparum. Most noteworthy were amidines 1, 10, and 11 with IC50 of 4 nM against T. b. rhodesiense, and dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinyl analogues 4 and 9 with IC50 values of ≤ 3 nM against P. falciparum. Bis-pyridylimidamide derivative 31 was 25 times more potent than benznidazole against T. cruzi and slightly more potent than amphotericin B against L. amazonensis. Terphenyldiamidine 1 and dipyridylbenzene analogues 23 and 25 each cured 4/4 mice infected with T. b. rhodesiense STIB900 with four daily 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal doses, as well as with single doses of ≤ 10 mg/kg. Derivatives 5 and 28 (prodrugs of 1 and 25) each cured 3/4 mice with four daily 25 mg/kg oral doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Patrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, United States
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5
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Bakunov SA, Bakunova SM, Wenzler T, Ghebru M, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of cationic 1,4-diphenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. J Med Chem 2010; 53:254-72. [PMID: 19928900 PMCID: PMC3113660 DOI: 10.1021/jm901178d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel dicationic triazoles 1-60 were synthesized by the Pinner method from the corresponding dinitriles, prepared via the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The type and the placement of cationic moieties as well as the nature of aromatic substituents influenced in vitro antiprotozoal activities of compounds 1-60 against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Plasmodium falciparum, and Leishmania donovani and their cytotoxicity for mammalian cells. Eight congeners displayed antitrypanosomal IC(50) values below 10 nM. Thirty-nine dications were more potent against P. falciparum than pentamidine (IC(50) = 58 nM), and eight analogues were more active than artemisinin (IC(50) = 6 nM). Diimidazoline 60 exhibited antiplasmodial IC(50) value of 0.6 nM. Seven congeners administered at 4 x 5 mg/kg by the intraperitoneal route cured at least three out of four animals in the acute mouse model of African trypanosomiasis. At 4 x 1 mg/kg, diamidine 46 displayed better antitrypanosomal efficacy than melarsoprol, curing all infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Bakunov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599–7525
| | - Svetlana M. Bakunova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599–7525
| | - Tanja Wenzler
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maedot Ghebru
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Karl A. Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Reto Brun
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard R. Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599–7525
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Bakunova SM, Bakunov SA, Wenzler T, Barszcz T, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Activity of Pyridyl Analogues of Pentamidine. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4657-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900805v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M. Bakunova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−7525
| | - Stanislav A. Bakunov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−7525
| | - Tanja Wenzler
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Todd Barszcz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Karl A. Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Reto Brun
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard R. Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599−7525
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Bakunova SM, Bakunov SA, Patrick DA, Kumar EVKS, Ohemeng KA, Bridges AS, Wenzler T, Barszcz T, Jones SK, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Structure-activity study of pentamidine analogues as antiprotozoal agents. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2016-35. [PMID: 19267462 DOI: 10.1021/jm801547t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diamidine 1 (pentamidine) and 65 analogues (2-66) have been tested for in vitro antiprotozoal activities against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Plasmodium falciparum, and Leishmania donovani, and for cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Dications 32, 64, and 66 exhibited antitrypanosomal potencies equal or greater than melarsoprol (IC(50) = 4 nM). Nine congeners (2-4, 12, 27, 30, and 64-66) were more active against P. falciparum than artemisinin (IC(50) = 6 nM). Eight compounds (12, 32, 33, 44, 59, 62, 64, and 66) exhibited equal or better antileishmanial activities than 1 (IC(50) = 1.8 microM). Several congeners were more active than 1 in vivo, curing at least 2/4 infected animals in the acute mouse model of trypanosomiasis. The diimidazoline 66 was the most promising compound in the series, showing excellent in vitro activities and high selectivities against T. b. rhodesiense, P. falciparum, and L. donovani combined with high antitrypanosomal efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Bakunova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Patrick DA, Bakunov SA, Bakunova SM, Kumar EVKS, Chen H, Jones SK, Wenzler T, Barzcz T, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and antiprotozoal activities of dicationic bis(phenoxymethyl)benzenes, bis(phenoxymethyl)naphthalenes, and bis(benzyloxy)naphthalenes. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:3543-51. [PMID: 19409677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 37 dicationically substituted bis(phenoxymethyl)benzene bis(phenoxymethyl)naphthalene, and bis(benzyloxy)naphthalene analogues of pentamidine was prepared and evaluated for antiprotozoal activities and cytotoxicity in in vitro. 1,3-Bis(4-amidinophenoxymethyl)benzene (1) was the most active against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC(50)=2.1 nM). 1,3-Bis[4-(N-isopropylamidino)phenoxymethyl]benzene (2) was most active against Plasmodium falciparum (IC(50)=3.6 nM) and displayed a selectivity index more than 50 times greater than that of pentamidine. Several other compounds displayed lower antiplasmodial IC(50) values and higher selectivity indices relative to pentamidine. 1,4-Bis(4-amidinophenoxymethyl)benzene (14) was the most active against Leishmania donovani (IC(50)=1.3 microM). Compound 2 displayed the greatest activity against T. b. rhodesiense in vivo, curing three of four infected mice dosed intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg x 4 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Patrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Bakunov SA, Bakunova SM, Wenzler T, Barszcz T, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Activity of Cationic 2-Phenylbenzofurans. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6927-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800918v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Bakunov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana M. Bakunova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Wenzler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Todd Barszcz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl A. Werbovetz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Brun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard R. Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Calas M, Ouattara M, Piquet G, Ziora Z, Bordat Y, Ancelin ML, Escale R, Vial H. Potent Antimalarial Activity of 2-Aminopyridinium Salts, Amidines, and Guanidines. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6307-15. [PMID: 18004799 DOI: 10.1021/jm0704752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Calas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Mahama Ouattara
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Gilles Piquet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Zyta Ziora
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Y. Bordat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Marie L. Ancelin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Roger Escale
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
| | - Henri Vial
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Avenue C. Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 and Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, CP19, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique et Synthèse de Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université dʼAbidjan-Cocody, BP V, 34 Abidjan, Côte dʼIvoire, and Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, CNRS UMR 5235, CP 107,
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Bakunova SM, Bakunov SA, Wenzler T, Barszcz T, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Hall JE, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and in Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Bisbenzofuran Cations. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5807-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm0708634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M. Bakunova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav A. Bakunov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Wenzler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Todd Barszcz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl A. Werbovetz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Brun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - James Edwin Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard R. Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Patrick DA, Bakunov SA, Bakunova SM, Kumar EVKS, Lombardy RJ, Jones SK, Bridges AS, Zhirnov O, Hall JE, Wenzler T, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Synthesis and in vitro antiprotozoal activities of dicationic 3,5-diphenylisoxazoles. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2468-85. [PMID: 17439202 DOI: 10.1021/jm0612867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)isoxazole (3)-an analogue of 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan (furamidine) in which the central furan ring is replaced by isoxazole-and 42 novel analogues were prepared by two general synthetic pathways. The 43 isoxazole derivatives were assayed against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. brucei rhodesiense) STIB900, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) K1, and rat myoblast L6 cells (for cytotoxicity) in vitro. Eleven compounds (3, 13, 16-18, 22, 26, 29, 31, 37, and 41) exhibited antitrypanosomal IC50 values less than 10 nM, five of which displayed cytotoxic indices (ratios of cytotoxic IC50 to antiprotozoal IC50 values) at least 10 times higher than that of furamidine. Eighteen compounds (4-8, 12, 14, 18-22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, and 43) were more active against P. falciparum than furamidine, with IC50 values less than 15 nM. Fourteen of these compounds had cytotoxic indices ranging between 10 and 120 times higher than that of furamidine, and five analogues exhibited high selectivity for P. falciparum over T. brucei rhodesiense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Patrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7525, USA
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Berger ML, Bitar AY, Waitner MJ, Rebernik P, O'Sullivan MC. Polyamines and the NMDA receptor: Modifying intrinsic activities with aromatic substituents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2837-41. [PMID: 16563762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) derivatives with aromatic substituents were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of specific binding of the NMDA channel blocker [3H]MK-801 to membranes prepared from rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. SPD and SPM derivatives with aromatic substituents at the primary amino groups were the most potent inhibitors (IC50 3.9-4.7 microM). These compounds most likely act directly at the NMDA ion channel, since 30 microM SPM had no pronounced influence on their inhibiting activities. SPD derivatives with aromatic substituents at the secondary amino group were either inactive or highly SPM-sensitive inhibitors (IC50 10-82 microM), depending on the size of the substituent. Our results support the hypothesis that an aromatic interaction site near the center of polyamine derivatives contributes to polyamine inverse agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Berger
- Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Rodrigues FH, Afonso-Cardoso SR, Gomes MAB, Beletti ME, Rocha A, Guimarães AHB, Candeloro I, de Souza MA. Effect of imidocarb and levamisole on the experimental infection of BALB/c mice by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Vet Parasitol 2006; 139:37-46. [PMID: 16647821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects from using currently available drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis have motivated the search for new therapeutical agents. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of imidocarb and levamisole on the treatment of BALB/c mice experimentally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. BALB/c mice were infected with 10(6) promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis (IFLA/BR/67/PH8) and, starting on day 51, mice were treated subcutaneously with imidocarb (IMD, 34 mg/kg), imidocarb plus levamisole (IMD+LVS, 34 and 12 mg/kg, respectively), only levamisole (LVS, 12 mg/kg) or without treatment (control). Lesion size and swelling were weekly monitored for 10 weeks after the beginning of the treatment. On day 121 post-infection, serum levels of specific IgG from infected mice were evaluated, as well as histopathological and morphometric alterations in the footpad, lymph nodes and spleen of these animals. The data obtained in this study demonstrated that, when compared to controls, mice treated with IMD had lower levels of IgG anti-L. (L.) amazonensis (34.45%), smaller vacuolar area in macrophages (3.75%), lower number of megakaryocytes in spleen (63.19%) and lower parasite burden in the footpad (30.2%). Thus, the evaluated parameters suggest the use of imidocarb as a potential drug in the treatment of tegumentary leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio H Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, av. Pará, 1720, 38.400-902 Uberlândia, Brazil
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15
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Soeiro MNC, De Souza EM, Stephens CE, Boykin DW. Aromatic diamidines as antiparasitic agents. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 14:957-72. [PMID: 16050790 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.8.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections are widespread in developing countries and frequently associated with immunocompromised patients in developed countries. Consequently, such infections are responsible for a significant amount of human mortality, morbidity and economic hardship. A growing consensus has identified the urgent need for the development of new antiparasitic compounds, mostly due to the large number of drug-resistant parasites and the fact that currently available drugs are expensive, highly toxic, require long treatment regimens and frequently exhibit significantly reduced activity towards certain parasite strains and evolutive stages. In this context, the activity of aromatic diamidines has been explored against a widespread range of micro-organisms, and the authors' present aim is to review the current status of chemotherapy with these compounds against human parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N C Soeiro
- Lab. Biologia Celular, DUBC, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Dardonville C, Brun R. Bisguanidine, Bis(2-aminoimidazoline), and Polyamine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Chemotherapeutic Agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2296-307. [PMID: 15084128 DOI: 10.1021/jm031024u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro screening for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense of an in-house library of 62 compounds [i.e. alkane, diphenyl, and azaalkane bisguanidines and bis(2-aminoimidazolines)], which were chosen for their structural similarity to the trypanocidal agents synthalin (1,10-decanediguanidine) and 4,4'-diguanidinodiphenylmethane and the polyamine N(1)-(3-amino-propyl)propane-1,3-diamine, respectively, is reported. The original synthetic procedure for the preparation of 21 of these compounds is also reported. Most compounds displayed low micromolar antitrypanosomal activity, with five of them presenting a nanomolar inhibitory action on the parasite: 1,9-nonanediguanidine (1c), 1,12-dodecanediguanidine (1d), 4,4'-bis[1,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-imidazolidinylimino]diphenylamine (28a), 4,4'-bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-2-imidazolylamino)diphenylamine (28b), and 4,4'-diguanidinodiphenylamine (32b). Those molecules that showed an excellent in vitro activity as well as high selectivity for the parasite [e.g. 1c (IC(50) = 49 nM; SI > 5294), 28b (IC(50) = 69 nM; SI = 3072), 32b (IC(50) = 22 nM; SI = 29.5), 41b (IC(50) = 118 nM; SI = 881)] represent new antitrypanosomal lead compounds.
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17
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Werbovetz KA, Sackett DL, Delfín D, Bhattacharya G, Salem M, Obrzut T, Rattendi D, Bacchi C. Selective antimicrotubule activity of N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide (GB-II-5) against kinetoplastid parasites. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 64:1325-33. [PMID: 14645662 DOI: 10.1124/mol.64.6.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogs of the antimitotic herbicide oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide) were recently prepared that were more potent in vitro than the parent compound against the kinetoplastid parasite Leishmania donovani (Bioorg Med Chem Lett 12:2395-2398, 2002). In the present work, we show that the most active molecule in the group, N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide (GB-II-5), is a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites. GB-II-5 possesses IC50 values of 0.41 and 0.73 microM in vitro against two strains of the related parasite Trypanosoma brucei but is much less toxic to J774 murine macrophages and PC3 prostate cancer cells, exhibiting IC50 values of 29 and 35 microM against these lines, respectively. Selectivity is also observed for GB-II-5 with purified leishmanial and mammalian tubulin. The assembly of 15 microM leishmanial tubulin is completely inhibited by 10 microM GB-II-5, whereas 40 microM GB-II-5 inhibits the assembly of 15 microM porcine brain tubulin by only 17%. In cultured L. donovani and T. brucei, treatment with 5 and 0.5 microM GB-II-5, respectively, causes a striking increase in the fraction of G2M cells compared with control. Given the potency and selectivity of this agent against kinetoplastid tubulin, GB-II-5 emerges as an exciting new antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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18
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Bouteille B, Oukem O, Bisser S, Dumas M. Treatment perspectives for human African trypanosomiasis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2003; 17:171-81. [PMID: 12667227 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is currently on the rise. HAT develops in two stages, the first involving the hemolymphatic system, and the second, the neurological system. Left untreated, HAT is invariably fatal. There have been no therapeutic advances in more than 40 years. Stage 1 can be treated with pentamidine and suramin, but stage 2 can only be treated with melarsoprol, a toxic arsenic derivative that has a 2-12% incidence of fatal side-effects (encephalopathy). Eflornithine has never achieved widespread use because it is difficult to administer under field conditions. Nifurtimox has been used successfully in the treatment of American trypanosomiasis, or Chagas disease, but only in small studies or as a compassionate use treatment. There is little research and development for new drugs in this area: only one prodrug is in the clinical development phase, a pentamidine analog that offers hope for the replacement of injectable pentamidine with an orally administered drug. Current efforts appear to be focused on reevaluating older drugs. A course of treatment with melarsoprol for 10 days at 2.2 mg/kg/day is now in the multicenter evaluation phase. Orally administered eflornithine is also slated for reevaluation. In addition, studies of drug combinations are recommended to determine possible combined or synergistic effects and find ways to reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Bouteille
- Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale (UPRES EA 3174), Faculté de Médecine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, F-87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
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Donkor IO, Huang TL, Tao B, Rattendi D, Lane S, Vargas M, Goldberg B, Bacchi C. Trypanocidal activity of conformationally restricted pentamidine congeners. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1041-8. [PMID: 12620080 DOI: 10.1021/jm020375q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of conformationally restricted congeners of pentamidine in which the flexible pentyl bridge of pentamidine was replaced by trans-1,2-bismethylenecyclopropyl, phenyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, and piperidinyl groups were synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for trypanocidal activity in vitro and in vivo against one drug-sensitive and three drug-resistant trypanosome isolates. The DNA binding affinity of the compounds was also studied using calf thymus DNA and poly(dA-dT). The nature of the linker influenced the DNA binding affinity as well as the trypanocidal activity of the compounds. trans-1,2-Bis(4-amidinophenoxymethylene)cyclopropane (1) was over 25-fold more potent than pentamidine against the drug-resistant isolate KETRI 243As-10-3, albeit with comparable DNA binding affinity. N,N'-Bis(4-amidinophenyl)homopiperazine (8) was the most potent trypanocide in vitro against all four trypanosome isolates studied, but N,N'-bis(4-amidinophenyl)piperazine (6) was the most effective agent in vivo against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Donkor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Room 327E, Johnson Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
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