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Xu Z, Yin M, Yang X, Yang Y, Xu X, Li H, Hong M, Qiu G, Feng X, Tan W, Yin H. Simulation of vertical migration behaviors of heavy metals in polluted soils from arid regions in northern China under extreme weather. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170494. [PMID: 38342449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal migration behaviors and mechanisms in soils are important for pollution control and remediation. However, there are few related studies in arid areas under extreme weather patterns. In this study, we developed a one-dimensional continuous point source unsaturated solute transport model, and utilized Hydrus-1D to simulate the transport of Cu, As and Zn, in the pack gas zones of soils within the impact areas of two typical mining areas in Inner Mongolia. The results show that the soil has a significant interception capacity, with a short heavy metal vertical migration distance of ≤100 cm. Soil texture and heavy metal sorption affinity are two key factors that influence heavy metal transport. In soils with high contents of sands but low contents of clays, heavy metals have large mobility and thus migrate deeper and are more evenly distributed in the soil profile. The migration of different heavy metals in the same soil also varies considerably, with large migration depth for metals having low binding affinities onto soils. Scenario analysis for extreme drought and rainfall shows that, rainfall amount and intensity are positively correlated with heavy metal transport depth and negatively correlated with the peak concentration. Increasing rainfall/intensity results in a more uniform distribution of heavy metals, and lower profile concentrations owing to enhanced horizontal dispersion of surface runoff. When the total amount and intensity of rainfall remain constant, continuous or intermittent rainfall only affects the transport process but has almost no effect on the final pollutant concentration redistribution in the soil. These results provide theoretical data for estimating the degree of heavy metal pollution, and help design control and remediation strategies for polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Shiyan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Hubei Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuehui Xu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Haigang Li
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Mei Hong
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xionghan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhong X, Jacobsohn A, Dufour C, Schwartz C, Sterckeman T. Evaluating a mass balance model for soil trace metals using the historical data from the King's Kitchen Garden (Versailles, France). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133259. [PMID: 38118194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The mass balance of reconstituted Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn fluxes from 1683 to 2021 was compared to the current levels of the soil used only for vegetable production in the King's Kitchen Garden in Versailles (France). This comparison was made on the basis of 4 scenarios of organic matter application in the 18th and 19th centuries and by an uncertainty analysis over the entire period. The topsoil contamination falls within that of French kitchen gardens. Modelling of past fluxes predicted the correct trend (an increase) and order of magnitude of the soil metal contents. It produced a relatively accurate evaluation of the Cu and Zn contents. The model underestimated the Pb contents by about 80%, revealing a large and unknown source of soil contamination by this metal. The calculation overestimated the current Cd levels by about 100%, probably due to various biases, for example on atmospheric fallout or the composition of organic amendments. This assessment shows that modelling the mass balance of trace metal fluxes can be used to predict the long-term trend in the levels of these elements in cultivated soils, providing the input data are chosen according to realistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhong
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Jacobsohn
- École nationale supérieure de paysage, Potager du Roi, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Christine Dufour
- École nationale supérieure de paysage, Potager du Roi, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Schwartz
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Thibault Sterckeman
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Holder AL, Rao V, Kovalcik K, Virtaranta L. Particulate Pb emission factors from wildland fires in the United States. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT: X 2023; 20:1-8. [PMID: 38269205 PMCID: PMC10805233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Wildland fires, which includes both wild and prescribed fires, and agricultural fires in sum are one of the largest sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions to the atmosphere in the United States (US). Although wildland fire PM2.5 emissions are primarily composed of carbonaceous material, many other elements including trace metals are emitted at very low levels. Lead (Pb) is a US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) criteria pollutant that is ubiquitous in the environment at very low concentrations including in biomass that can burn and emit Pb into the atmosphere. Although fires may emit Pb at very low concentrations, they can be a source of sizeable Pb emissions to the atmosphere because of the large quantity of PM2.5 emitted from fires. In this work, we measure Pb concentrations in unburned biomass, ash/residues, and particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) emitted from wildland fires using in-field measurements near prescribed fires and in laboratory simulations. Emission factors were calculated for multiple biomass types, representative of different regions of the US including grasslands in Oregon and Kansas; forest litter from Oregon, Montana, Minnesota, and North Carolina; and peat cores from Minnesota. Most of the biomass Pb remains in the ash/residues. The small percentage (<10%) that is emitted in PM2.5 is dependent on the biomass Pb concentration. The emissions factors measured here are several orders of magnitude lower than some reported in the literature, but the studies exhibited a wide range of values, which may be due to large uncertainties in the measurement method rather than differences in Pb emissions. Wildland fires are expected to increase in size and frequency in future years and these new emission factors can be used to improve the accuracy of Pb emissions estimates and better constrain our understanding of Pb emissions to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara L. Holder
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Dr., Durham, NC 27709
| | - Venkatesh Rao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 109 T. W. Alexander Dr., Durham, NC 27709
| | - Kasey Kovalcik
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Dr., Durham, NC 27709
| | - Larry Virtaranta
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 109 T. W. Alexander Dr., Durham, NC 27709
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Yang H, Li R, Li J, Guo Y, Gao T, Guo D, Zhang Q. Changes of heavy metal concentrations in farmland soils affected by non-ferrous metal smelting in China: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122442. [PMID: 37634567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-term human smelting activities have resulted in substantial heavy metals (HMs) pollution of farmland soils around smelting sites, and the safety of farmland products is critical for human health. The current study focuses on HMs in farmland soils surrounding a single smelter, therefore the impact of smelting on a national scale needs to be investigated further. This study was based on 116 papers and 1143 sets of relevant data for meta-analysis, and a hierarchical mixed-effects model was used to quantify the changes of HMs concentrations in farmland soils affected by non-ferrous metal smelting on a national scale, as well as their relationships with relevant explanatory variables in China. Results showed that: (i) non-ferrous metal smelting substantially increased farmland soils HMs concentrations (323%), with each HM concentration increasing in the following order: Cd (2753%) > Pb (562%) > Hg (455%) > Zn (228%) > Cu (158%) > As (107%) > Ni (52%); (ii) the highest increase of HMs in vegetable fields (361%), but not significant in comparison to other farmland categories, and the increase of Pb, Zn, Cu and As concentrations were significantly different in different types of smelting areas; (iii) the increase of Hg was significantly higher in the northern region than in the southern region, and the opposite increase of Cu; (iv) the soil depth from 0 to 40 cm was significantly affected by smelting, and the increase of multiple HMs were significantly positively correlated with soil pH and negatively correlated with distance; (v) the other explanatory variables (farmland category and soil organic matter) were not significantly related to the effect of smelting. The results can provide some reference for protecting and restoring farmland soils around smelting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiXin Yang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - RongRong Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - JiaSheng Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - YuRu Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - TianShu Gao
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - DongGang Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - QuanXi Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Lestiani DD, Syahfitri WYN, Adventini N, Kurniawati S, Damastuti E, Santoso M, Biswas B, Mukhtar R. Impacts of a lead smelter in East Java, Indonesia: degree of contamination, spatial distribution, ecological risk, and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1165. [PMID: 37676510 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of potentially toxic elements in soils collected from the vicinity of a lead smelter in East Java, Indonesia. The objective is to assess the impact of the lead smelter on the surrounding soil. The study involves chemical composition analysis, spatial distribution mapping, and potential ecological and health risk assessments. Soil samples were collected from the surface area (0-10 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) within radii of 1.5 km, 3 km, and 5 km from the lead smelter. The samples were analyzed for As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the sources of potentially toxic elements in the soil. The results indicate severe Pb contamination within a 1.5 km radius of the smelter, with an average contamination factor (Cf) value of 22.0, posing a high potential health risk. The contamination factor indicated that the soils were heavily polluted by As and Pb and moderately polluted by Cu, Ni, and Zn. The results of PCA showed that smelter releases are the main source of potentially toxic element contamination in the soil, accounting for 66.2%. The health risk assessment suggested that the children and adults in the study region were exposed to non-carcinogenic risks caused by As and Pb. Oral ingestion was identified as the primary exposure route impacting health risks. The carcinogenic risk from potentially toxic elements in soil was found to exceed the acceptable level for children and adults in the study region. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to take effective measures, including designing regulations and interventions, and improving lead smelter management to mitigate potential contamination and minimize the impact of lead smelter releases on the surrounding environment, especially to protect human health, particularly that of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diah Dwiana Lestiani
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Woro Yatu Niken Syahfitri
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Natalia Adventini
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Syukria Kurniawati
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Endah Damastuti
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Muhayatun Santoso
- Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology-Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jln Tamansari 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Biplab Biswas
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Rita Mukhtar
- Center for Standardization of Environmental Quality Instrument, Agency for Standardization of Environmental and Forestry Instrumentation, Ministry of Environmental and Forestry, Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Indonesia
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Hou Y, Li Y, Tao H, Cao H, Liao X, Liu X. Three-dimensional distribution characteristics of multiple pollutants in the soil at a steelworks mega-site based on multi-source information. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130934. [PMID: 36860071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution at steelworks mega-sites has become a severe environmental issue worldwide. However, due to the complex production processes and hydrogeology, the soil pollution distribution at steelworks is still unclear. This study scientifically cognized the distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals (HMs) at a steelworks mega-site based on multi-source information. Specifically, firstly, 3D distribution and spatial autocorrelation of pollutants were obtained by interpolation model and local indicators of spatial associations (LISA), respectively. Secondly, the characteristics of horizontal distribution, vertical distribution, and spatial autocorrelations of pollutants were identified by combining multi-source information such as production processes, soil layers, and properties of pollutants. Horizontal distribution showed that soil pollution in steelworks mainly occurred in the front end of the steel process chain. Over 47% of PAHs and VOCs pollution area were distributed in coking plants and over 69% of HMs in stockyards. Vertical distribution indicated that HMs, PAHs, and VOCs were enriched in the fill, silt, and clay layers, respectively. Spatial autocorrelation of pollutants was positively correlated with their mobility. This study clarified the soil pollution characteristics at steelworks mega-sites, which can support the investigation and remediation of steelworks mega-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Bastia G, Al Souki KS, Pourrut B. Evaluation of Miscanthus × giganteus Tolerance to Trace Element Stress: Field Experiment with Soils Possessing Gradient Cd, Pb, and Zn Concentrations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1560. [PMID: 37050186 PMCID: PMC10096734 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus demonstrated good phytostabilization potentials by decreasing the trace elements (T.E.s) mobility and enhancing the degraded soil quality. Nevertheless, most of the published work was performed under controlled conditions in ex situ pot experiments and/or with soils being spiked. Hence, data about the plant's tolerance to increased T.E. concentrations in real conditions is still scarce and requires further investigation. For this sake, a field experiment was established by cultivating miscanthus plants in three different agricultural plots representing gradient trace element (Cd, Pb and Zn) concentrations. Another uncontaminated plot was also introduced. Results showed that T.E. concentrations in the leaves were tolerable to the plant. In addition, no variations were detected between the miscanthus cultivated in the contaminated and uncontaminated soils at the level of antioxidant enzymatic activities (ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids), and secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins). These outcomes validate the high capacity of miscanthus to resist and tolerate contaminated conditions. Such results may contribute to further understanding of the miscanthus tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bastia
- Environmental and Forestry Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Karim Suhail Al Souki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS-ENSAT, Avenue de l’Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Baieta R, Ettler V, Vaněk A, Drahota P, Kříbek B, Nyambe I, Mihaljevič M. Smelter-derived soil contamination in Luanshya, Zambia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161405. [PMID: 36621473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extensive mining and smelting contributed to the declining quality of Luanshya soils. The local smelter was the epicenter of contamination as shown by a spatial distribution analysis. Closeby soil profiles smelter exhibit extremely high Cu concentrations (up to 46,000 mg kg-1 Cu) relative to deeper layers where only background levels of trace elements were observed. A remote profile did not exhibit significant contamination. Lead isotopic ratios revealed that Pb contamination in the Luanshya soils was not smelter-derived. It was shown in this way that the historical usage of leaded gasoline was the main source of this metal. Although the Luanshya smelter also produced Co, this metal was not an important contaminant. Copper leaching was a concern in Luanshya. Upwards of 52 % of Cu was extractable in the exchangeable step of a sequential extraction procedure (SEP), but only for samples where Cu concentrations were high, suggesting that Cu was released exclusively from anthropogenic particles. This was supported by the SEP results for similar depths at the remote soil, where only a small fraction of Cu was labile (5.6 %). Lead and Co were strongly bound in the soils throughout. The excess of Cu in the topsoils was mostly bound in smelter-derived particles. These appeared as spherical fast-cooled droplets composed mostly of sulfides, oxides, and glass. X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis of those particles allowed for a phase classification. Compositions were regularly not stoichiometric so most particles were classified as intermediate solid solutions. However, molecular proportions often closely resembled those of bornite, chalcanthite, cuprospinel, covellite, delafossite, diginite, or hydrous ferric oxides. Concentrations of Cu were often 100 % near the center of the particles indicating an inefficient smelting process. Weathering to some degree was common, which in conjunction with the susceptibility of Cu leaching was highly alarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Baieta
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Ettler
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Vaněk
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Drahota
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kříbek
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, Prague 152 00 5, Czech Republic
| | - Imasiku Nyambe
- University of Zambia, School of Mines, Department of Geology, POB 32 379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Peng Y, Chen J, Xie E, Zhang X, Yan G, Zhao Y. Three-dimensional spatial prediction of Zn in the soil of a former tire manufacturing plant using machine learning and readily attainable multisource auxiliary data. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120931. [PMID: 36565911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants in the soil of industrial site are often highly heterogeneously distributed, which brought a challenge to accurately predict their three-dimensional (3D) spatial distributions. Here we attempt to create effective 3D prediction models using machine learning (ML) and readily attainable multisource auxiliary data for improving the prediction accuracy of highly heterogeneous Zn in the soil of a small-size industrial site. Using raw covariates from functional area layout, stratigraphic succession, and electrical resistivity tomography, and derived covariates of the raw covariates as predictors, we created 6 individual and 2 ensemble models for Zn, based on ML algorithms such as k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting, and the stacking approach in ensemble ML. Results showed that the overall 3D spatial patterns of Zn predicted by individual and ensemble ML models, inverse distance weighting (IDW), and ordinary Kriging (OK) were similar, but their predictive performances differed significantly. The ensemble model with raw and derived covariates had the highest accuracy in representing the complex 3D spatial patterns of Zn (R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 344.80 mg kg-1), compared to the accuracies of individual ML models (R2 = 0.27-0.44, RMSE = 396.75-348.56 mg kg-1), OK (R2 = 0.33, RMSE = 381.12 mg kg-1), and IDW interpolation (R2 = 0.25, RMSE = 402.94 mg kg-1). Besides, the prediction accuracy gains of incorporating derived covariates were higher than adopting ensemble ML instead of single ML algorithm. These results highlighted the importance of developing derived covariates whilst adopting ML in predicting the 3D distribution of highly heterogeneous pollutant in the soil of small-size industrial site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Enze Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guojing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongcun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Akoto O, Yakubu S, Ofori LA, Bortey-sam N, Boadi NO, Horgah J, Sackey LN. Multivariate studies and heavy metal pollution in soil from gold mining area. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12661. [PMID: 36685405 PMCID: PMC9851866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mining generates large volumes of waste, which if not regulated can release toxic metals, causing widespread environmental contamination. This study focused on heavy metal contamination in topsoil within a mining area at Nangodi in the Northern Region of Ghana. A total of 24 soil samples were collected from the study area and control samples were analyzed for Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Cr, and Fe using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results of Pollution Index estimations and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) classified the soil samples as moderately contaminated to heavily contaminated. Soil samples were severely enriched with As and moderately enriched with b, and Hg. Multivariate analyses such as factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed to examine the relationship between the metals and also differentiate the influence of the natural background content of metals from that due to human activities. Factor analysis identified three polluted soil factor associations. Cadmium, Fe, As, and Pb associated with factor 1, were due to anthropogenic activities. The high intercorrelation revealed by As and Pb shows similarity in their sources. Factor two dominated by Hg is considered an anthropogenic component. Factor 3 correlated with Cr and can be considered a natural component. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis supported each other. Results from the bi-plots showed that sites S1, S8, S11, and S18, have similar metal composition as the control site. Heavy metal contents in soils sampled from Zones A and B have been influenced by the mining activities as seen from the associations of these sites in the bi-plots. The results are useful for metal source identification, and can contribute to monitoring and regulatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osei Akoto
- Departmentof Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Salome Yakubu
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda A. Ofori
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nesta Bortey-sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nathaniel O. Boadi
- Departmentof Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Horgah
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lyndon N.A. Sackey
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,Corresponding author.
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11
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Gao T, Zhou J, Zhang P, Wang W, Zhou T, Li Z, Christie P, Wu L. Cadmium isotope fractionation during transport processes within agricultural soil profiles in a mining area: Implications for source tracing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120327. [PMID: 36195194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) isotope fractionation patterns within soil profiles and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and poorly documented. Here, Cd concentrations and isotope compositions of metal ore, surface soils and soil profile samples around a lead-zinc mine in southwest China were determined, and the relationships between soil properties and Cd isotope fractionation within the soil profiles were investigated. Cadmium concentrations of eleven surface soil samples were 0.49-66.1 mg kg-1 and the samples with high Cd concentrations had Cd isotope compositions similar to the metal ore (δ114/110Cd = 0.02‰), indicating that mining activity was the main Cd source at the study areas. Within three soil profiles with different Cd pollution levels the δ114/110Cd values gradually increased with increasing depth from 0 to 40 cm (Δ114/110Cd = 0.08-0.18‰), reaching a maximum at 30-40 cm depth, and then remained fairly constant or decreased with increasing soil depth below 40 cm. Soil δ114/110Cd values were negatively correlated with free iron and manganese oxides contents, which decreased at 0-40 cm depth then increased below 40 cm. This indicates that light Cd isotopes within 0-40 cm depth preferentially migrated downward with free iron and manganese oxides, leaving the soils at a depth of 0-40 cm enriched in heavy Cd isotopes. At 40-90 cm depth the preferential retention of heavy Cd isotopes by hydroxides may be responsible for the gradual decrease in δ114/110Cd values with increasing soil depth. These observations demonstrate that the vertical migration of Cd can induce detectable isotope fractionation within soil profiles and alter the δ114/110Cd values including those of the surface soils. Our study highlights the need to consider Cd mobilization and transport in soil profiles when tracing metal sources using isotope techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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12
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Smieja-Król B, Pawlyta M, Gałka M. Ultrafine multi-metal (Zn, Cd, Pb) sulfide aggregates formation in periodically water-logged organic soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153308. [PMID: 35065111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates authigenic metal (Zn, Cd, and Pb) sulfides formed in the upper (4-20 cm) layer of severely degraded soil close to ZnPb smelter in CE Europe (southern Poland). The soil layer is circumneutral (pH 6.0-6.8), organic, occasionally water-logged, and contains on average 26,400 mg kg-1 Zn, 18,800 mg kg-1 Pb, 1300 mg kg-1 Cd, and 2500 mg kg-1 of sulfur. The distribution of the authigenic sulfide mineralization is uneven, showing close association with the remains of vascular plants (Equisetaceae, Carex, and herbs). A combination of focused ion beam (FIB) technology with scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to reveal the structure and organization of the metal sulfides at micro- and nanoscale resolution. The sulfides form spheroidal and botryoidal porous aggregates composed of nanocrystalline (<5 nm) ZnCd sulfide solid solution and minor discrete PbS (galena) crystals up to 15 nm. The solid solution exists in a cubic (sphalerite) polytype over a whole Zn/Cd range. An intricate core-shell structure is found to be a characteristic feature of the aggregates in which high-Zn outer layers encapsulate Cd-rich sulfide core. PbS resides between the Cd-rich and Cd poor sulfide within nano sites of increased porosity. The study highlights the importance of nanoscale analyses for the prediction of metal behavior in soils. The sulfide self-organization into complex structures and Cd encapsulation inside high-Zn sulfide indicate the occurrence of a self-sustainable mechanism specific to polluted periodically water-logged soil that limits Cd mobility. However, as the reduced Cd mobility is obtained at the Zn expense, the soil gets Cd enriched relative to Zn over extended periods. Although the study proves PbS crystallization in the soil, the process seems environmentally irrelevant even at high Pb contents, being suppressed by other soil processes (e.g., Pb sorption on organic matter). Our findings are valuable in remediation strategies and the management of contaminated soils rich in organic matter that address the mobility of toxic metals and their transfer into living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Smieja-Król
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 60 Będzińska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Mirosława Pawlyta
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18A Konarskiego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Gałka
- Department of Biogeography, Palaeoecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 1/3 Banacha Str., 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
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13
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Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Recycled Lead Smelting Sites. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 258 soil samples were collected to determine the total content and each speciation fraction of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the soil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and their potential ecological and human health risks were assessed using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), risk assessment code (RAC), and health risk assessment. The results showed that: (1) The mean concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) (mg/kg) in the surface soil of the site were in the order of Pb (1921.77) > Mn (598.21) > Zn (162.29) > Cr (84.65) > Cu (15.16) > Cd (1.8), with the mean values of Cd and Pb exceeding the local background values by 164 and 725 times. (2) In the vertical direction, Cr, Mn, and Pb have no tendency to migrate downward; Cd and Zn demonstrate a strong ability to migrate. (3) The bioavailability of Cd is the highest in the surface soil, followed by Mn and Pb; in the soil below a depth of 0.5 m, the prevalent form of HMs is its residual state (F4). (4) The degree of Igeo pollution of each HMs is: Pb > Cd > Zn > Cr = Mn = Cu, where Pb pollutes the environment to an extremely contaminated level and Cd causes heavy pollution thereof. According to the RAC results, Cd in the surface soil poses a high risk to the environment, and Pb and Mn pose a moderate risk; meanwhile, with the increase of depth, the risk posed by Cd and Mn to the ecosystem shows a tendency to increase. Health risk evaluation indicated that respiratory intake was the main pathway affecting the carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ) of HMs, where Pb and Cr were the main hazard factors for non-CR and Cr was the main carcinogenic factor. This study can provide scientific guidance and technical support for soil risk control or remediation of HM-contaminated sites.
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Zeng J, Luo X, Cheng Y, Ke W, Hartley W, Li C, Jiang J, Zhu F, Xue S. Spatial distribution of toxic metal(loid)s at an abandoned zinc smelting site, Southern China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127970. [PMID: 34891013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal(loid) (TM) soil pollution at large-scale non-ferrous metal smelting contaminated sites is of great concern in China, but there are no detailed reports relating to them. A comprehensive study was conducted to determine contamination characteristics and horizontal and vertical spatial distribution patterns of soils at an abandoned zinc smelting site in Southern China. The spatial distribution of TMs revealed that soil environmental quality was seriously threatened, with Cd, Zn, As, Pb and Hg being the main contaminants present. The distribution of all TMs showed strong spatial heterogeneity and were expressed as a "patchy aggregation" pattern due to strong anthropogenic and production activities. Vertical migration of TMs indicated that the pollutants were mainly concentrated in the fill layers. Different contaminants had various migration depths, with migration occurring as: Cd > Hg > As > Zn > Pb> Cu> Mn> Sb. Analysis of their spatial variability showed that As, Pb, Cd and Hg had strong regional spatial variability. This research provides a new approach to comprehensively analyze TM pollution characteristics of non-ferrous smelting sites. It provides valuable information for guiding post-remediation strategies at abandoned non-ferrous metal smelting sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Zeng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinghua Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yizhi Cheng
- New World Environment Protection Group of Hunan, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenshun Ke
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - William Hartley
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Chuxuan Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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15
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Ngassa GBP, Fafard J, Tonle IK. Kaolinite‐based Hybrid Material from Interlayer Grafting of 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine and Application to the Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Lead. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy B. Piegang Ngassa
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Douala, P.O. Box 24 157 Douala Cameroon
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie K1 N6 N5 Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jonathan Fafard
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation University of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie K1 N6 N5 Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Ignas K. Tonle
- Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang PO Box 67 Dschang Cameroon
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16
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Ozaki S, Fritsch C, Mora F, Cornier T, Scheifler R, Raoul F. Vegetation shapes aboveground invertebrate communities more than soil properties and pollution: a preliminary investigation on a metal-contaminated site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2792-2805. [PMID: 34378128 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution with trace metals (TM) has been shown to affect diversity and/or composition of plant and animal communities. While ecotoxicological studies have estimated the impact of TM contamination on plant and animal communities separately, ecological studies have widely demonstrated that vegetation is an important factor shaping invertebrate communities. It is supposed that changes in invertebrate communities under TM contamination would be explained by both direct impact of TM on invertebrate organisms and indirect effects due to changes in plant communities. However, no study has clearly investigated which would more importantly shape invertebrate communities under TM contamination. Here, we hypothesized that invertebrate communities under TM contamination would be affected more importantly by plant communities which constitute their habitat and/or food than by direct impact of TM. Our analysis showed that diversity and community identity of flying invertebrates were explained only by plant diversity which was not affected by TM contamination. Diversity of ground-dwelling (GD) invertebrates in spring was explained more importantly by plant diversity (27% of variation) than by soil characteristics including TM concentrations (8%), whereas their community identity was evenly explained by plant diversity and soil characteristics (2-7%). In autumn, diversity of GD invertebrates was only explained by plant diversity (12%), and their identity was only explained by soil characteristics (8%). We conclude that vegetation shapes invertebrate communities more importantly than direct effects of TM on invertebrates. Vegetation should be taken into account when addressing the impacts of environmental contamination on animal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ozaki
- Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté UsC INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France.
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté UsC INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Mora
- Conservatoire Botanique National de Franche-Comté, Observatoire Régional des Invertébrés, 7 rue Voirin, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Cornier
- Centre régional de phytosociologie agréé Conservatoire Botanique National de Bailleul, Hameau de Haendries, F-59270, Bailleul, France
| | - Renaud Scheifler
- Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté UsC INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Francis Raoul
- Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté UsC INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
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17
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Hu P, Du Y, Yang Y, Li Z, Luo Y, Wu L. Dispose waste liquor of fresh biomass of a hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola in phytoextraction process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:1-11. [PMID: 34004122 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1917509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sedum plumbizincicola has been widely employed to remove cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) from contaminated soils and harvested biomass is used to recover valuable metals. While chopping and compacting are efficient methods to rapidly reduce the volume and moisture of fresh biomass, the resulting waste liquor containing metals needs treatment. Two types of contaminated soils were cropped with S. plumbizincicola and top-dressed with this liquor to study metals migration in soil profile and their uptake by plants. There were three treatments: planting and adding liquor (PL), planting without liquor (P) and adding liquor without planting (L). The results showed that Cd and Zn from liquor were mainly retained at top soil 0-10 cm under L treatment. Compared with L treatment, soil Cd and Zn under PL treatment decreased significantly in soil profile due to the extraction of S. plumbizincicola. Moreover, the amount of Cd and Zn extracted by plants was greater than that applied in soils. The metal removal rate by S. plumbizincicola in acid clay loam soil was higher than that in neutral sandy soil. To sum up, metal retaining in soil and uptake by S. plumbizincicola can be used to treat waste liquor from its fresh biomass. Novelty StatementRapid and efficient treatment of harvested fresh biomass is still a challenge although phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola has been widely employed. Chopping and compacting fresh biomass are efficient methods for rapid dehydration, however, a large amount of waste liquor that contains of Cd and Zn is produced and needs treatment. In the present study, a simple and low-cost method was tested to dispose the liquor, i. e. irrigating it onto the surface of contaminated soils where grown S. plumbizincicola. It was found that Cd and Zn applied in soils from liquor were mainly retained at top 0-10 cm soil depth where S. plumbizincicola root system was widespread, and the amount of Cd and Zn extracted by plants was greater than that applied in soils. Therefore, it is technically feasible to dispose the waste liquor dewatering from fresh biomass of S. plumbizincicola in its phytoextraction process. This study is helpful for the rapid, efficient and low-cost treatment of harvested fresh biomass in the large-scale application of phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanpei Du
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenxuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Peng Y, Yang R, Jin T, Chen J, Zhang J. Potentially toxic metal(loid) distribution and migration in the bottom weathering profile of indigenous zinc smelting slag pile in clastic rock region. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10825. [PMID: 33868795 PMCID: PMC8035896 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are contaminated by potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs) that the surface soil and the weathering profiles around the indigenous zinc smelting slag piles or smelters in the smelting area. However, few systematic studies are currently focusing on the PTM distribution and migration among the slag and its bottom weathering profile. Methods This research determined the concentrations of PTMs and pH values. And we analyzed PTM distribution in the two weathering profiles (slag-covered and slag-absent) with a small horizontal distance in the clastic rock region in the smelting area. Results The soil As and Pb contents, respectively, within the 30 and 50 cm depth in the slag-covered section were higher than those in the slag-absent profile. All soil Cd and Zn contents of the slag-covered core were significantly higher than those in the slag-absent weathering section. Conclusions Compared with the slag-absent weathering section, some PTMs (i.e., As, Cd, Pb and Zn) in the bottom weathering profile were polluted by these elements in the covered slag in the clastic rock region, and their depths were influenced by the slag to varying degrees. Additionally, with time, some PTMs (especially Cd and Zn) of the slag might finally contaminate the groundwater by leaching and infiltration through its bottom weathering profile in the clastic rock region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruidong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Institute of Mountain Resources of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Wiewióra B, Żurek G. The Response of the Associations of Grass and Epichloë Endophytes to the Increased Content of Heavy Metals in the Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:429. [PMID: 33668289 PMCID: PMC7996287 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of civilization increases the area of land exposed to the accumulation of toxic compounds, including heavy metals, both in water and soil. Endophytic fungi associated with many species of grasses are related to the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, which include heavy metals. This paper reviews different aspects of symbiotic interactions between grass species and fungal endophytes from the genera Epichloë with special attention paid to the elevated concentration of heavy metals in growing substrates. The evidence shows the high resistance variation of plant endophyte symbiosis on the heavy metals in soil outcome. The fungal endophytes confer high heavy metal tolerance, which is the key feature in its practical application with their host plants, i.e., grasses in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wiewióra
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-NRI, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-NRI, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
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20
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Xi B, Yu H, Li Y, Dang Q, Tan W, Wang Y, Cui D. Insights into the effects of heavy metal pressure driven by long-term treated wastewater irrigation on bacterial communities and nitrogen-transforming genes along vertical soil profiles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123853. [PMID: 33264929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) influences soil ecological function due to the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) and nutrients in soils. However, the interaction between HMs and microbial processes in TWW-irrigated soil has not been fully explored. We investigated the effect of HMs on bacterial communities and nitrogen-transforming (N-transforming) genes along vertical soil profiles irrigated with domestic TWW (DTWW) and industrial TWW (ITWW) for more than 30 years. Results indicate that long-term TWW irrigation reshaped bacterial community structure and composition. Irrigation with ITWW led to increased accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni in soils than DTWW. Accumulation of inorganic N, soil organic carbon, and HMs in topsoil irrigated with ITWW contributed to the activities of Micrococcaceae. The effect of the activation of nutrient factors on Bacillus, which was the dominant species in DTWW-irrigated soils, was greater than that of HMs. HM pressure driven by ITWW irrigation changed the vertical distribution of N-transforming functional genes, increasing the abundance of amoA gene and decreasing that of nifH through soil depth. ITWW irrigation enhanced the denitrification capacity in topsoil; ammonia-oxidizing capacity in deeper soil was increased after long-term irrigation with DTWW and ITWW, suggesting a potential risk of nitrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qiuling Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Dongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Agyeman PC, Ahado SK, Kingsley J, Kebonye NM, Biney JKM, Borůvka L, Vasat R, Kocarek M. Source apportionment, contamination levels, and spatial prediction of potentially toxic elements in selected soils of the Czech Republic. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:601-620. [PMID: 33079286 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sustenance of humans and livestock depends on the protection of the soil. Consequently, the pollution of the soil with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is of great concern to humanity. The objective of this study is to investigate the source apportionment, concentration levels and spatial distribution of PTEs in selected soils in Frýdek-Místek District of the Czech Republic. The total number of soil samples was 70 (topsoil 49 and 21 subsoils) and was analysed using a portable XRF machine. Contamination factor and the pollution index load were used for the assessment and interpreting the pollution and distribution of PTEs in the soils. The inverse distance weighting was used for the spatial evaluation of the PTEs. The results of the analysis showed that the area is composed of low-to-high pollution site. PTEs displayed spatial variation patterns. The average PTE concentration decreases in this Fe > Ti > Ba > Zr > Rb > Sr > Cr > Y>Cu > Ni > Th order for the topsoil and also decreases in this Fe > Ti > Zr > Ba > Rb > Sr > Cr > Y > Cu > Ni > and Th order for the subsoil. These PTEs Cr, Ni, Cu, Rb, Y, Zr, Ba, Th, and Fe were far above the baseline European average value and the World average value level, respectively. The source apportionment showed the dominance of Cr, Ni, Rb, Ti, Th, Zr, Cu, Fe in the topsoil, while the subsoil was dominated by all the PTEs (factor 1 to 6) except Ba. The study concludes that indiscriminate human activities have an enormous effect on soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Chapman Agyeman
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Samuel Kudjo Ahado
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John Kingsley
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ndiye Michael Kebonye
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James Kobina Mensah Biney
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Borůvka
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vasat
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kocarek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Li S, Zhao B, Jin M, Hu L, Zhong H, He Z. A comprehensive survey on the horizontal and vertical distribution of heavy metals and microorganisms in soils of a Pb/Zn smelter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123255. [PMID: 32593028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Smelter emissions have brought serious heavy metal contamination. Comprehensive surveys of spatial heavy metal and microorganism distribution in soils of smelters aera are still limited. In this study, the horizontal and vertical profiles of heavy metals as well as microorganisms of 80 samples from 5 soil layers of 16 sites in a Pb/Zn smelter were studied. Pollution index indicated the pollution level as Cd > Zn > Pb > As > Cu > Mn > Co > Cr > V, and the severe pollutants were Cd, Zn, Pb, As and Cu. The hazard quotient and hazard index indicated that the topsoil might pose high chronic risk to children mainly due to high content of Pb, As and Cd. The whole smelter was heavily polluted even to the depth of 100 cm as revealed by Nemerow pollution indices. Depth-related microbiota analysis indicated high richness of indigenous microorganisms and significant differences in vertical microbial structure. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all depth layers, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria as major phyla. pH and heavy metals Zn, Cu, As, Mn and Cd significantly influenced the microbiota composition. Metagenomic functional prediction suggested antioxidant response, metal exportation and biotransformation play roles in bio-resistance to and bioremoval of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ming Jin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410012, China.
| | - Zhiguo He
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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23
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Metal Mobility in Afforested Sites of an Abandoned Zn-Pb Ore Mining Area. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heaps of waste material constitute a serious environmental problem in regions where the historical exploitation and processing of metal ores has taken place. The presented paper describes the trace metal distribution in selected heaps in the lead-zinc mining area of an abandoned mine in Poland, as well as the soil horizons beneath. The study aims at the estimation of the metal remobilization rate in vertical profiles in the spontaneously afforested area in the context of the potential danger it poses to the local groundwater. Individual samples were taken from profiles dug in heaps found in deciduous and coniferous forests. The bulk density, pH, organic matter and carbonate content, as well as the concentration and chemical forms of metals were analysed. Buffer properties and the mineralogical composition were also determined for the selected samples. The investigation indicates excessive cadmium, zinc and lead concentrations in the analysed heap material and the significant secondary enrichment of former soil horizons. A large percentage of these metals occur in potentially mobile forms. It suggests that, despite the high pH of the heap material and the good buffer properties of soil, cadmium and to a lesser extent, zinc, has migrated downwards to depths of at least several dozen centimetres over a period of about 200 years. This is related to soil acidity, particularly in profiles abundant in organic matter resulting from the encroachment of forest communities, particularly of coniferous forest. Spontaneous afforestation forming the litter cover contribute to the stabilization of the heap material and limiting groundwater pollution. Even though specific remediation measures are not needed in this area, it requires long-term monitoring.
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Lin Q, Xu S. Co-transport of heavy metals in layered saturated soil: Characteristics and simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114072. [PMID: 32045795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interest in soil pollution by multiple heavy metals has been growing over the last decades. However, few experiments combining numerical analyses with solute transport in layered soil can be found in the literature. Here, the retention and fate of three coexisting metal ions, Cu, Cd, and Zn, in layered soils were investigated to evaluate soil co-contamination through batch and column experiments. Results showed high amounts of Cu adsorption and retention by soils, followed by Cd and Zn. The partial concentration of Zn in effluent was greater than the input from competition adsorption and the 'snow plow effect'. These findings indicate the high potential risk of Zn and Cd groundwater pollution when Cu, Cd, and Zn co-exist in the soil. Adsorption isotherms obtained from batch experiments were well described by Freundlich equation. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) obtained from column experiments were well described by standard convection-dispersion equation (CDE) for Br, and Tow-site (TSM) and One-site models (OSM) for metals except for Zn, using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear optimization algorithm. However, the parameters were poorly constrained by the available observational data due to high correlation between parameters, rather than insensitivity to model outputs. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method did not only qualify the uncertainty of parameters for solute transport in layered medium, but estimate prediction uncertainty. Prediction bounds basically captured the observed Br, Zn and Cd BTCs, while systematically overestimated the effluent Cu concentration. Comparing with the optimization, GLUE method can improve prediction reliability of heavy metal transport in layered soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Shaohui Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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25
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Hołtra A, Zamorska-Wojdyła D. The pollution indices of trace elements in soils and plants close to the copper and zinc smelting works in Poland's Lower Silesia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16086-16099. [PMID: 32100216 PMCID: PMC7192869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The quality of soils polluted by trace elements around the facilities with the Cu and Zn smelting activities and the post-flotation tailings pond from copper industry were assessed. The level of the contamination of soils was determined on the basis of the contamination factor and the geoaccumulation index. The geoaccumulation index allows to distinguish more degrees of soil contamination and simplifies the assessment of the useable value of soil. The degrees of soil contamination and the pollution load index were shown. It has been shown that the pollution indices are a useful tool in describing the soil quality and planning corrective actions in the areas contaminated as a result of industrial activity. Histograms of pollution indices were used in order to detect the distribution of trace elements in soils. The content of metals in biomass was assessed using bioaccumulation indices. Triticum L. and Brassica napus L. show low bioaccumulation of studied metals in cereal plants. The correlations were used in order to detect the relationship among trace elements in soil as well as the relationship of metal (soil)-metal (plant) and metal bioaccumulation (plant)-metal (soil). The highest values of indices were recorded for the Oława smelter, presumably due to the long operation period before technological changes limiting the emission of pollutants were introduced. This research area was classified as very highly contaminated with all trace elements. Soils around other facilities are at least moderately contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hołtra
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dorota Zamorska-Wojdyła
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Barats A, Renac C, Orani AM, Durrieu G, Saint Martin H, Esteller MV, Garrido Hoyos SE. Tracing source and mobility of arsenic and trace elements in a hydrosystem impacted by past mining activities (Morelos state, Mexico). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135565. [PMID: 31787275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Sierra Huautla (Morelos State, Mexico) is a biological reserve with historical mines of Ag and Pb. In this area, waters used by inhabitants are contaminated by arsenic (As). An integrated environmental survey was realized both in waters and sediments to better constrain the source and the mobility of As and other trace elements. Two areas of interest were selected: (1) the Nexpa River ecosystem to determine the local geochemical background, and (2) the Huautla area, affected by past mining activities. This study allowed the definition of the local geochemical baseline in sediments or in waters, demonstrated uncontaminated by TE in the Nexpa area, except for As in the dissolved phase or for Cd in Suspended Particulate Matters (SPM). In the Huautla area, TE contents in water were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for Al, As and Mn in unfiltered waters, and only for As in the dissolved phase. Speciation analyses revealed arsenic to be present only as the toxic-inorganic arsenate species, As(+V). In SPM, Ag, As, Cd and Zn concentrations were higher than Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG). The different geochemical indice (EF: 5, PLI: 3, EF: Igeo: 5-3) demonstrated that SPM were significantly contaminated and consistute an health risk for Huautla inhabitants exposed to As-contaminated waters and TE-rich SPM. The combination of mineralogy, chemistry, C and S stable isotopes with thermodynamic modeling indicate dissolutions of minerals from local geological formations, sorption-desorption phenomena from clays and oxy-hydroxides, and the weathering responsible for the transport of the TE-rich SPM (1.8 wt% for 17% of the total TE concentration). Moreover, the past mining activity would be a source of the contamination only for As in waters from flooded mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Barats
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Christophe Renac
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Anna Maria Orani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Gaël Durrieu
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UMR7294, 83041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Humberto Saint Martin
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Maria Vicenta Esteller
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Instituto Interamericano de Teconología y Ciencias del Agua, Carretera Ixtlahuaca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5 San Cayetano Morelos, 50130 Toluca, Mexico
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27
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Rees F, Sterckeman T, Morel JL. Biochar-assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by Noccaea caerulescens on a contaminated soil: A four-year lysimeter study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135654. [PMID: 31784181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amendments of biochar, the residual solid of biomass pyrolysis, have been shown to enhance metal phytoextraction from contaminated soils with hyperaccumulating plants in specific situations. In order to investigate this phenomenon over successive harvests in field conditions, two identical undisturbed soil cylinders (1-m2 section × 1.85-m height) were excavated from a contaminated agricultural plot and monitored with instrumented lysimeters. Wood-derived biochar was added at a rate of 5% (w/w) in the first 30 cm of one of the two lysimeters. The Cd/Zn-hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens was then grown for the next four years on both lysimeters. Our results showed that the hyperaccumulating plant was able to remove about 2 g m-2 of Cd and 12-16 g m-2 of Zn within four years, representing about 40% and 4% of the initial Cd and Zn soil contamination, respectively. Biochar amendment improved plant germination and survival and increased root surface density. However, no significant effect of biochar on shoot metal content of N. caerulescens was observed. Mass balances suggested that up to 10% the metal contamination moved from the disturbed Ap horizon to the deeper horizons, particularly in the biochar-amended soil profile. Furthermore, shoot Cd and Zn concentration generally decreased over the successive harvests, together with soil metal availability. Depending on the way to account for this progressive decrease in efficiency, our estimations of the time necessary to remove the excess of metals in the topsoil in these conditions ranged from 11 to 111 years for Cd and from 97 years to an infinite time for Zn. In conclusion, the simultaneous use of N. caerulescens and biochar amendment can lead to a significant removal of specific metallic elements from the topsoil, but the risk of metal movement down the soil profile and the observed decrease in phytoextraction efficiency over time deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Rees
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Thibault Sterckeman
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean Louis Morel
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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28
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Huang Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang L, Long Z, Hughes SS, Ni S, Cheng X, Wang J, Li T, Wang R, Liu C. Tracing Pb and Possible Correlated Cd Contamination in Soils by Using Lead Isotopic Compositions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121528. [PMID: 31735468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Pb and Cd in topsoil from 24 locations along the Baguan River near a smelting dump in west Panzhihua were measured using ICP-MS to examine the spatial distributions of these toxic heavy metals. Twenty-one profile samples, 7 from each of 3 locations down to 80 cm, were also analyzed to establish background levels and Pb - Cd correlations. Lead isotopic ratios in all 45 samples and potential sources of soil contamination were determined using MC-ICP-MS. Contamination levels of Pb and Cd in soils from both sides of the river ranged from low to moderate, and the concentrations of Pb and Cd exhibited highly correlated behavior. Results of an isotope-tracer technique determined the number of end-member contaminants and background compositions contributing to the compositions of topsoils. Results of a binary mixing model indicated that contaminants in upslope soils from relatively higher elevations were coal and derivative products, and that these soils are isotopically distinct from downslope soils. Contaminants in downslope soils were slag and derivative products from V processing. Results demonstrate the use of Pb isotopic tracers in low-to-moderate contaminant levels to predict potential sources and Pb is a viable surrogate to trace potential Cd contamination in Panzhihua region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China; Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China.
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Zhijie Long
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Scott S Hughes
- Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, ID, USA
| | - Shijun Ni
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Geochemistry, Chengdu University of Technology, China
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29
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Le Cor F, Slaby S, Gaillard J, Dauchy X, Feidt C, Banas D. Barrage fishponds, a funnel effect for metal contaminants on headwater streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6228-6238. [PMID: 31863385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fishponds are man-made shallow water bodies that are still little studied because of their small size. They represent high value ecosystems, both environmentally (biodiversity hotspot) and economically (fish production). They can have a high place on the hydrographic network, so their influence on water quality is of first importance for rivers and water bodies located downstream and monitored under the Water Framework Directive. These small water bodies can be a source of contaminants during draining period or an efficient buffer for pesticides. We wanted to evaluate whether these ponds could also be a remediation tool against metals by following the annual evolution of upstream/downstream flows. Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations were quantified in the dissolved phase upstream and downstream of three ponds, each one having a specific agricultural environment (traditional or organic). Metal concentration was quantified in sediments and water. For the dissolved phase, the predictive non-effect concentration was often exceeded, suggesting an environmental risk. Results highlighted also greater quantity of metals at the downstream of the pond compared to the upstream, suggesting remobilization into the ponds or direct cross-sectional contributions from the watershed (e.g. runoff from crops) or even remobilization. Regarding sediments, minimal contamination was shown but a high mineralogical variability. No buffer effect of ponds, which could reduce the risk of acute or chronic toxicity, was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Le Cor
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, Nancy, France
- LHN, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie de Nancy, ANSES, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Sylvain Slaby
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, Nancy, France.
| | - Juliette Gaillard
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, Nancy, France
- EPOC, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Xavier Dauchy
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, Nancy, France
- LHN, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie de Nancy, ANSES, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, Nancy, France
| | - Damien Banas
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, Nancy, France
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30
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Saba D, Manouchehri N, Besançon S, El Samad O, Baydoun R, Bou Khozam R, Nafeh Kassir L, Kassouf A, Chebib H, Ouaini N, Cambier P. Bioaccessibility and radioisotopes of lead in soils around a fertilizer industry in Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2749-2762. [PMID: 31165328 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of phosphate ore by fertilizer industries is considered a major source of soil contamination by trace metals and radionuclides. Despite its low mobility and bioavailability, lead (Pb) is among soil contaminants that pose a serious risk to human health. This study evaluates the potential impact of a fertilizer factory in North Lebanon on the total content of Pb and the activity concentration of its radioisotopes in residential, non-agricultural lands around the industry, as well as its mobility and bioaccessibility in soil samples collected at different depths. Chemical extractions by EDTA and in vitro physiologically based extraction test were used to estimate, respectively, the available and bioaccessible fractions of Pb in soils. Radioisotopes 214Pb, 212Pb and 210Pb have been analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Different physicochemical soil parameters, such as pH, carbonate content, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, clay, total nitrogen and redox potential, were studied. The pseudo-total Pb varied between 12.8 and 68.5 mg kg-1, while the extractable fractions were more variable, between 12 and 72% of total Pb concentration for the EDTA extracted fraction and up to 28.5% for the bioaccessible fractions. The processing of the data shows the decreases with depth in most sites of the total and available Pb and of the activity concentration of 210Pb and their positive correlations with total nitrogen. These variations and relationships with the location of studied sites show the influence of emissions from the factory or the transport of ore and by-products. The correlations between available and bioaccessible Pb on one hand, between available Pb and 210Pb on another hand, raise the question of health risk assessments taking into account the bioaccessibility of Pb and its radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Saba
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France.
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Nastaran Manouchehri
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Stephane Besançon
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Omar El Samad
- National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Baydoun
- National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Bou Khozam
- National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Amine Kassouf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, B.P. 90656, Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Hanna Chebib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, B.P. 90656, Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Cambier
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Vareda JP, Valente AJM, Durães L. Assessment of heavy metal pollution from anthropogenic activities and remediation strategies: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:101-118. [PMID: 31176176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a nefarious issue with implications for life. Heavy metals are natural occurring elements, having both natural and anthropogenic sources. The latter are however the most significant, releasing greater amounts of these pollutants in more toxic and mobile forms. Their chemistry and dynamics in the ecosystems are presented, and the relation to the pollution problematic thereof is discussed. The concentration of heavy metals in several sites, assessed in water, soil and sediment samples, affected by different pollution sources are reviewed. These evidence how human activities impact natural media and how the pollution spreads. The pollution in each media is assessed by the concentration relative to drinking and irrigation water guidelines, and by the geoaccumulation index of soils and sediments. It is found that ore extraction and processing and metallurgical industries stand atop the most polluting sources. Given the dynamics of heavy metal cations and that, most of these are released in liquid effluents, wastewater treatment techniques for the removal of heavy metals are also surveyed and critically discussed. Economic viability at a large municipal scale and the ability to comply with strict regulations are the determining factors in the selection of these techniques. A critical discussion on the viability of such techniques is made, reviewing some literature studies and commenting on their applicability on the previously found polluted media.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Vareda
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur J M Valente
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luisa Durães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Pelfrêne A, Sahmer K, Waterlot C, Douay F. From environmental data acquisition to assessment of gardeners' exposure: feedback in an urban context highly contaminated with metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20107-20120. [PMID: 30353433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although growing vegetables in urban gardens has several benefits, some questions in relation with the safety of foods remain when the self-production is carried out on highly contaminated garden soils. To better assess the local population's exposure to Cd and Pb induced by the past activities of a lead smelter, a participatory program was initiated in 115 private kitchen gardens located in northern France to assist gardeners in understanding their soil environment. The challenge included contributing to the database of urban garden soils with the collection of a large number of samples: 1525 crops grouped into 12 types (leaf, fruiting, root, stem and bulbous vegetables, tubers, cabbages, leguminous plants, celeriac, fresh herbs, fruits, and berries), 708 topsoils, and 52 samples of self-produced compost. The main results were as follows: (i) topsoils were strongly contaminated by Cd and Pb compared to regional reference values; (ii) great variability in physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in topsoils; (iii) the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb for celeriac and fresh herbs and the lowest for fruits and fruiting vegetables; (iv) a high percentage of vegetables that did not comply with the European foodstuff legislation; and (v) most self-produced compost samples were strongly contaminated. This study aimed to raise awareness and generate functional recommendations to reduce human exposure and to provide useful data that could be considered in other environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Karin Sahmer
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, BP 41290, 59014, Lille Cedex, France
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Hechelski M, Louvel B, Dufrénoy P, Ghinet A, Waterlot C. The potential of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to clean up multi-contaminated soils from labile and phytoavailable potentially toxic elements to contribute into a circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17489-17498. [PMID: 31020530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aided phytoremediation was studied for 48 weeks with the aim of reducing extractable and phytoavailable toxic elements and producing potential marketable biomass. In this sense, biomass of ryegrass was produced under greenhouse on two contaminated garden soils that have been amended with two successive additions of phosphates. After the first addition of phosphates, seeds of ryegrass were sown and shoots were harvested twice. A second seedling was performed after carefully mixing the roots from the first production (used as compost), soils and phosphates. Forty-eight weeks after starting the experiments, the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn extracted using the rhizosphere-based method were generally lower than those measured before the addition of phosphates and cultivation (except for Pb and Fe in the most contaminated soil). The concentrations of metals in the shoots of ryegrass from the second production were lower than those from the first (except for Al). The best results were obtained with phosphates and were the most relevant in the lowest contaminated soil, demonstrating that the available metal concentrations have to be taken into account in the management of contaminated soils. In view of the concentration of metals defined as carcinogens, mutagens, and reprotoxics (e.g., Cd, Pb) and those capable to be transformed into Lewis acids (e.g., Zn, Fe), the utilization of ryegrass in the revegetation of contaminated soils and in risk management may be a new production of marketable biomass. The development of phytomanagement in combination with this type of biomass coincided with the view that contaminated soils can still represent a valuable resource that should be used sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hechelski
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Brice Louvel
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierrick Dufrénoy
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Normandie University, UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, BP: 1123, 76600, Le Havre, France
- EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR ST 25 rue Philipe Lebon, Cedex, 76063, Le Havre, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France.
- Equipe Biotechnologie et Gestion des Agents Pathogènes en agriculture (BIOGAP), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France.
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Gelly R, Fekiacova Z, Guihou A, Doelsch E, Deschamps P, Keller C. Lead, zinc, and copper redistributions in soils along a deposition gradient from emissions of a Pb-Ag smelter decommissioned 100 years ago. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:502-512. [PMID: 30776621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sourcing and understanding the fate of anthropogenic metals in a historical contamination context is challenging. Here we combined elemental and isotopic (Pb, Zn, Cu) analyses with X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) measurements (Zn) to trace the fate, in undisturbed soil profiles, of historical metal contamination emitted by a 167-year-old Pb-Ag smelter decommissioned 100 years ago located in the Calanques National Park (Marseilles, France). Lead isotopic measurements show that entire soil profiles were affected by 74 years of Pb emissions up to ~7 km from the smelter under the main NNW wind, and indicate particulate transfer down to 0.8 m at depth. This vertical mobility of anthropogenic Pb contrasts with previous studies where Pb was immobilized in surface horizons. The contribution of anthropogenic Pb to the total Pb concentration in soil was estimated at 95% in surface horizons, and 78% in the deepest horizons. Zinc isotopic signatures of past emissions that are enriched in light isotopes compared to the natural geological background (-0.70 ± 0.04‰ and -0.15 ± 0.02‰, respectively), were detected only in the surface horizons of the studied soils. Using XAS analyses, we showed that anthropogenic Zn was transformed and immobilized in surface horizons as Zn-Layered Double Hydroxide, thus favoring the enrichment in heavy isotopes in these surface horizons. No clear evidence of copper contamination by the smelter was found and Cu isotopes point to a bedrock origin and a natural distribution of Cu concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gelly
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Z Fekiacova
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - A Guihou
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - E Doelsch
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - P Deschamps
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - C Keller
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
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Risk Assessment and Source Identification of Toxic Metals in the Agricultural Soil around a Pb/Zn Mining and Smelting Area in Southwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091838. [PMID: 30149620 PMCID: PMC6165396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mining and smelting activities are the primary sources of toxic metal pollution in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pollution risk and identify sources of metals in the arable soil of a Zn/Pb mining and smelting district located in Huize, in Southwest China. Topsoil (346) and profile (three) samples were collected and analyzed to determine the total concentrations of eight toxic elements (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni). The results showed that the mean Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations were 9.07, 0.37, 25.0, 512, 88.7, 239, 1761 and 90.3 mg/kg, respectively, all of which exceeded both the Huize and Yunnan soil background levels. Overall the topsoil was quite acidic, with a mean pH of 5.51. The mean geoaccumulation index (Igeo) revealed that the pollution level was in the order of Pb > Zn > Cd > Hg > As > Ni > Cu > Cr. The ecological risk index (Ei) indicated that there were serious contamination risks for Cd and Hg, high risk for Pb, moderate risk for As, and Cd and Hg were the dominant contributors to the high combined ecological risk index (Er) with a mean parameter of 699 meaning a serious ecological risk. The Nemerow pollution index (Pn) showed that 99.1% of soil samples were highly polluted or worse. Horizontally, high concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Zn appeared in the north and middle of the study area, while Cr, Cu and Ni showed an opposite trend. Vertically, as the depth increased, Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Zn contents declined, but Cr, Cu and Ni exhibited an increasing trend. The mobilities of the metals were in the order of Zn > Cd > Hg > As > Pb. Horizontal and vertical distribution, coupled with correlation analysis, PCA and CA suggested that Cd, Hg, As, Pb and Zn mainly came from the anthropogenic sources, whereas Cr and Ni had a lithogenic origin. The source of Cu was a combination of the presence of parent materials as well as human activities. This study provides a base for the local government to control the toxic metal pollution and restore the soil environment system and an effective method to identify the sources of the studied pollutants.
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36
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Effects of contaminants and trophic cascade regulation on food chain stability: Application to cadmium soil pollution on small mammals – Raptor systems. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Jarošíková A, Ettler V, Mihaljevič M, Penížek V, Matoušek T, Culka A, Drahota P. Transformation of arsenic-rich copper smelter flue dust in contrasting soils: A 2-year field experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:83-92. [PMID: 29477118 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dust emissions from copper smelters processing arsenic-bearing ores represent a risk to soil environments due to the high levels of As and other inorganic contaminants. Using an in situ experiment in four different forest and grassland soils (pH 3.2-8.0) we studied the transformation of As-rich (>50 wt% As) copper smelter dust over 24 months. Double polyamide bags with 1 g of flue dust were buried at different depths in soil pits and in 6-month intervals; then those bags, surrounding soil columns, and soil pore waters were collected and analysed. Dust dissolution was relatively fast during the first 6 months (5-34%), and mass losses attained 52% after 24 months. The key driving forces affecting dust dissolution were not only pH, but also the water percolation/retention in individual soils. Primary arsenolite (As2O3) dissolution was responsible for high As release from the dust (to 72%) and substantial increase of As in the soil (to a 56 × increase; to 1500 mg kg-1). Despite high arsenolite solubility, this phase persisted in the dust after 2 years of exposure. Mineralogical investigation indicated that mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3(Cl,OH)], unidentified complex Ca-Pb-Fe-Zn arsenates, and Fe oxyhydroxides partly controlled the mobility of As and other metal(loid)s. Compared to As, other less abundant contaminants (Bi, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn) were released into the soil to a lesser extent (8-40% of total). The relatively high mobility of As in the soil can be seen from decreases of bulk As concentrations after spring snowmelt, high water-extractable fractions with up to ∼50% of As(III) in extracts, and high As concentrations in soil pore waters. Results indicate that efficient controls of emissions from copper smelters and flue dust disposal sites are needed to prevent extensive contamination of nearby soils by persistent As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jarošíková
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Ettler
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Penížek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Matoušek
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Culka
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Drahota
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Baran A, Wieczorek J, Mazurek R, Urbański K, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A. Potential ecological risk assessment and predicting zinc accumulation in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:435-450. [PMID: 28229257 PMCID: PMC5797561 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate zinc content in the studied soils; evaluate the efficiency of geostatistics in presenting spatial variability of zinc in the soils; assess bioavailable forms of zinc in the soils and to assess soil-zinc binding ability; and to estimate the potential ecological risk of zinc in soils. The study was conducted in southern Poland, in the Malopolska Province. This area is characterized by a great diversity of geological structures and types of land use and intensity of industrial development. The zinc content was affected by soil factors, and the type of land use (arable lands, grasslands, forests, wastelands). A total of 320 soil samples were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties (texture, pH, organic C content, total and available Zn content). Based on the obtained data, assessment of the ecological risk of zinc was conducted using two methods: potential ecological risk index and hazard quotient. Total Zn content in the soils ranged from 8.27 to 7221 mg kg-1 d.m. Based on the surface semivariograms, the highest variability of zinc in the soils was observed from northwest to southeast. The point sources of Zn contamination were located in the northwestern part of the area, near the mining-metallurgical activity involving processing of zinc and lead ores. These findings were confirmed by the arrangement of semivariogram surfaces and bivariate Moran's correlation coefficients. The content of bioavailable forms of zinc was between 0.05 and 46.19 mg kg-1 d.m. (0.01 mol dm-3 CaCl2), and between 0.03 and 71.54 mg kg-1 d.m. (1 mol dm-3 NH4NO3). Forest soils had the highest zinc solubility, followed by arable land, grassland and wasteland. PCA showed that organic C was the key factor to control bioavailability of zinc in the soils. The extreme, very high and medium zinc accumulation was found in 69% of studied soils. There is no ecological risk of zinc to living organisms in the study area, and in 90% of the soils there were no potentially negative effects of zinc to ecological receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Wieczorek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ryszard Mazurek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Urbański
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, Pulawy, Poland
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Bian F, Zhong Z, Zhang X, Yang C. Phytoremediation potential of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) intercropped with Sedum plumbizincicola in metal-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27244-27253. [PMID: 28965200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the capability of moso bamboo grown alone and in combination with Sedum plumbizincicola to remediate heavy metals. Monoculture of moso bamboo (MM), intercropping of moso bamboo × S. plumbizincicola (IMS), and control (uncultivated, CK) were established in Cu-, Zn-, and Cd-contaminated soil. Soil properties and heavy metal removal capacity were assessed. Results showed that the available and total heavy metal contents in soil (0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers) were ranked IMS < MM < CK. Available Cu, Zn, and Cd contents were 65.0, 28.7, and 48.4% lower in the IMS and 52.8, 24.8, and 45.5% lower in the MM than those in the CK, respectively. In plants, Cu contents in bamboo rhizomes, branches, and leaves and those of Zn and Cd in all bamboo tissues were significantly higher in the IMS than in the MM. The bioconcentration and translocation factors of bamboo tissues showed an obviously increasing tendency from MM to IMS. Moso bamboo possessed the properties of endurance to heavy metals and high biomass production. Phytoremediation by moso bamboo in association with S. plumbizincicola is an economical strategy to promote heavy metal removal from metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Bian
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Wenyi Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheke Zhong
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Wenyi Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Wenyi Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbao Yang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Wenyi Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
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40
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Kanbar HJ, Montargès-Pelletier E, Losson B, Bihannic I, Gley R, Bauer A, Villieras F, Manceau L, El Samrani AG, Kazpard V, Mansuy-Huault L. Iron mineralogy as a fingerprint of former steelmaking activities in river sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:540-553. [PMID: 28494280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Submerged sediment cores were collected upstream of a dam in the Orne River, northeastern France. This dam was built in the context of steelmaking to constitute a water reservoir for blast furnace cooling and wet cleaning of furnace smokes. The dam also enhanced sediment deposition in the upstream zone. This study was performed to unravel the contamination status of sediments and to evidence possible contribution sources. The sediment layers were analyzed for water content, grain size, chemical composition, crystalline phases at a bulk scale and poorly crystalline and amorphous phases at a sub-micrometer scale. Visual aspect, texture, color, and chemical and mineralogical analyses showed that the settled sediments were mainly composed of fine black matter, certainly comprising steelmaking by-products. Those materials were highly enriched with Fe, Zn, Pb and other trace metals, except for a relatively thin layer of surficial sediments that had settled more recently. Bulk mineralogy revealed crystalline iron minerals, such as magnetite, goethite, wuestite and pyrite, in the deep layers of the sediment cores. Furthermore, microscopic investigations evidenced the presence of ferrospheres, goethite nanoparticles and newly formed Fe-aluminosilicates; all originating from the former steelmaking facilities. The variation of iron mineralogy, combined with specific chemical profiles and other sediment features, demonstrate the different contributions that constitute the sediment deposit. Furthermore, chemical and mineralogical features of goethite and Fe-aluminosilicates could be used as a fingerprint for such contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Jaafar Kanbar
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), LTER Zone Atelier Moselle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, 1003 Hadat, Lebanon.
| | - Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), LTER Zone Atelier Moselle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Benoit Losson
- Université de Lorraine, LOTERR, UFR SHS-Metz, Ile du Saulcy, CS60228, 57045 Metz cedex 01, France
| | - Isabelle Bihannic
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), LTER Zone Atelier Moselle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Renaud Gley
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), LTER Zone Atelier Moselle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Allan Bauer
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), LTER Zone Atelier Moselle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frederic Villieras
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), LTER Zone Atelier Moselle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Luc Manceau
- Université de Lorraine, LOTERR, UFR SHS-Metz, Ile du Saulcy, CS60228, 57045 Metz cedex 01, France
| | - Antoine G El Samrani
- Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, 1003 Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Veronique Kazpard
- Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, P.O. 5, Rafic Hariri Campus, 1003 Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Mansuy-Huault
- CNRS, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), LTER Zone Atelier Moselle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux), UMR 7360, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Vignal C, Pichavant M, Alleman LY, Djouina M, Dingreville F, Perdrix E, Waxin C, Ouali Alami A, Gower-Rousseau C, Desreumaux P, Body-Malapel M. Effects of urban coarse particles inhalation on oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the mouse lung and colon. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:46. [PMID: 29166940 PMCID: PMC5700563 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution is a recognized aggravating factor for pulmonary diseases and has notably deleterious effects on asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia. Recent studies suggest that air pollution may also cause adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating experimental evidence shows that immune responses in the pulmonary and intestinal mucosae are closely interrelated, and that gut-lung crosstalk controls pathophysiological processes such as responses to cigarette smoke and influenza virus infection. Our first aim was to collect urban coarse particulate matter (PM) and to characterize them for elemental content, gastric bioaccessibility, and oxidative potential; our second aim was to determine the short-term effects of urban coarse PM inhalation on pulmonary and colonic mucosae in mice, and to test the hypothesis that the well-known antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reverses the effects of PM inhalation. Results The collected PM had classical features of urban particles and possessed oxidative potential partly attributable to their metal fraction. Bioaccessibility study confirmed the high solubility of some metals at the gastric level. Male mice were exposed to urban coarse PM in a ventilated inhalation chamber for 15 days at a concentration relevant to episodic elevation peak of air pollution. Coarse PM inhalation induced systemic oxidative stress, recruited immune cells to the lung, and increased cytokine levels in the lung and colon. Concomitant oral administration of NAC reversed all the observed effects relative to the inhalation of coarse PM. Conclusions Coarse PM-induced low-grade inflammation in the lung and colon is mediated by oxidative stress and deserves more investigation as potentiating factor for inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-017-0227-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vignal
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Y Alleman
- SAGE - Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Madjid Djouina
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florian Dingreville
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Esperanza Perdrix
- SAGE - Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Adil Ouali Alami
- Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Gower-Rousseau
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Li X, Zhang X, Li B, Wu Y, Sun H, Yang Y. Cadmium phytoremediation potential of turnip compared with three common high Cd-accumulating plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21660-21670. [PMID: 28752309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction is a phytoremediation technique used for remediating polluted soils and it greatly relies on the plants' capacities to accumulate contaminants. Turnip is a high cadmium (Cd)-accumulating plant. We compared the Cd tolerance, growth, and Cd accumulation characteristics of two turnip landraces with three additional commonly known high Cd-accumulating species to systematically estimate its Cd phytoremediation potential. Results showed that the turnips could tolerate relatively lower Cd concentrations than other plants. Growth characteristics analyses indicated that the turnips initially grew rapidly and then gradually slowed down, and their photosynthetic parameters indicated that biomass accumulation was easily affected by light. However, the Cd uptake and translocation capacities of the two turnip landraces were higher than those of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Bidens pilosa Linn. but close to that of Brassica napus Linn.. Ultimately, large amounts of Cd accumulated in turnips during early growth and slightly increased as the fleshy roots increased in size. Based on these findings, the present turnip landraces have potential for soil remediation, but additional research is needed before these landraces can be practically used. Moreover, turnips are good candidates for studying the molecular mechanism of high Cd accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boqun Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Xiao R, Wang S, Li R, Wang JJ, Zhang Z. Soil heavy metal contamination and health risks associated with artisanal gold mining in Tongguan, Shaanxi, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:17-24. [PMID: 28285205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals due to mining activities poses risks to ecological safety and human well-being. Limited studies have investigated heavy metal pollution due to artisanal mining. The present study focused on soil contamination and the health risk in villages in China with historical artisanal mining activities. Heavy metal levels in soils, tailings, cereal and vegetable crops were analyzed and health risk assessed. Additionally, a botany investigation was conducted to identify potential plants for further phytoremediation. The results showed that soils were highly contaminated by residual tailings and previous mining activities. Hg and Cd were the main pollutants in soils. The Hg and Pb concentrations in grains and some vegetables exceeded tolerance limits. Moreover, heavy metal contents in wheat grains were higher than those in maize grains, and leafy vegetables had high concentrations of metals. Ingestion of local grain-based food was the main sources of Hg, Cd, and Pb intake. Local residents had high chronic risks due to the intake of Hg and Pb, while their carcinogenic risk associated with Cd through inhalation was low. Three plants (Erigeron canadensis L., Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., and Solanum nigrum L.) were identified as suitable species for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biochemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Superville PJ, de Winter N, Phung AT, Proix N, Baeyens W, Gao Y. Radial metal concentration profiles in trees growing on highly contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:80-88. [PMID: 28063318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The soil around Metaleurop, a big smelter, is heavily contaminated by Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu. In order to compare the impact of different soil amendments on the metal availability to trees, the polluted soil section was divided in a reference parcel and two others with either sulfo-calcic or silico-aluminous ash amendments. Five different tree species were planted on the parcels and the uptake of heavy metals in these trees was studied. Total and labile metal fractions were assessed in each of the 3 parcels. The mobility and assimilation of the metals was highest in the non-amended, reference soil parcel which had the lowest pH, organic matter and carbonate content. In all soils, pH decreased while organic matter content and mobility of the metals increased over time. Highest bulk concentrations of trace metals were found in white willow trees (Salix alba L.). Laser ablation-ICPMS was used to study changes in metal accumulation over a period of 10 years after planting the trees. The radial metal profiles in the trunk core samples varied between elements and tree species, however, in all willow trees the radial Cd and Zn profiles were significantly correlated. Radial pollutant concentration patterns are discussed in terms of seasonal effects, health status, tree species and metal mobility in the soil. For Cd and Zn, the profiles were influenced by their mobility in the soils. In general, periodical patterns were observed for Pb. Cu concentration profiles were decreasing over time, with the strongest decrease in the initial growth period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Superville
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Niels de Winter
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anh Tuan Phung
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Proix
- INRA, Laboratoire d'analyses des sols d'Arras, 62000 Arras, France
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Yuan Z, Yao J, Wang F, Guo Z, Dong Z, Chen F, Hu Y, Sunahara G. Potentially toxic trace element contamination, sources, and pollution assessment in farmlands, Bijie City, southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:25. [PMID: 28000122 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal zinc smelting activities, which had been widely applied in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, southwestern of China, can pollute surrounding farmlands. In the present study, 177 farmland topsoil samples of Bijie City were collected and 11 potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs), namely Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, V, Hg, As, and Cd were tested to characterize the concentrations, sources, and ecological risks. Mean concentrations of these PTEs in soils were (mg/kg) as follows: Pb (127), Zn (379), Cu (93.1), Ni (54.6), Co (26.2), Mn (1095), Cr (133), V (206), Hg (0.15), As (16.2), and Cd (3.08). Pb, Zn, and Cd had coefficients of variation greater than 100% and showed a high uneven distribution and spatial variability in the study area. Correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to quantify potential pollution sources. Results showed that Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and V came from natural sources, whereas Pb, Zn, Hg, As, and Cd came from anthropogenic pollution sources. Geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk indices were employed to study the pollution degree of PTEs, which revealed that Pb and Cd shared the greatest contamination and would pose serious ecological risks to the surrounding environment. The results of this study could help the local government managers to establish pollution control strategies and to secure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, and National International Cooperation Base on Environment and Energy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, and National International Cooperation Base on Environment and Energy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- School of Water Resource and Environmental Engineering, Sino-Hungarian Joint Laboratory of Environmental Science and Health, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, and National International Cooperation Base on Environment and Energy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunwei Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, and National International Cooperation Base on Environment and Energy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqin Dong
- Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and Designing, 550081, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and Designing, 550081, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and Designing, 550081, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Geoffrey Sunahara
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Digital Mapping of Toxic Metals in Qatari Soils Using Remote Sensing and Ancillary Data. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhu X, Shan B, Tang W. Heavy metal in sediments of Ziya River in northern China: distribution, potential risks, and source apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23511-23521. [PMID: 27614639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentration partitioning between the sediment particle and the interstitial water phase plays an important role in controlling the toxicity of heavy metals in aquatic systems. The aim of this study was to assess the sediment quality in a polluted area of the Ziya River, Northern China. The contamination potential and bioavailability of six metals were determined from the concentrations of total metals and the bioavailable fractions. The results showed that the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb exceeded the probable effect concentration at several sites. The high geoaccumulation indices showed that the sediments were seriously contaminated by Cd. The ratio of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) to simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) was higher than 1, which indicated that the availability of metals in sediments was low. The risk assessment of interstitial waters confirmed that there was little chance of release of metals associated with acid-volatile sulfide into the water column. Values of the interstitial water criteria toxicity unit indicated that none of the concentrations of the studied metals exceeded the corresponding water quality thresholds of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Positive matrix factorization showed that the major sources of metals were related to anthropogenic activities. Further, if assessments are based on total heavy metal concentrations, the toxicity of heavy metals in sediment may be overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Girault F, Perrier F, Poitou C, Isambert A, Théveniaut H, Laperche V, Clozel-Leloup B, Douay F. Effective radium concentration in topsoils contaminated by lead and zinc smelters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:865-876. [PMID: 27259039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TE) are indicative of industrial pollution in soils, but geochemical methods are difficult to implement in contaminated sites with large numbers of samples. Therefore, measurement of soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) has been used to map TE pollutions, albeit with contrasted results in some cases. Effective radium concentration (ECRa), product of radium concentration by the emanation factor, can be measured in a cost-effective manner in the laboratory, and could then provide a useful addition. We evaluate this possibility using 186 topsoils sampled over about 783km(2) around two former lead and zinc smelters in Northern France. The ECRa values, obtained from 319 measurements, range from 0.70±0.06 to 12.53±0.49Bq·kg(-1), and are remarkably organized spatially, away from the smelters, in domains corresponding to geographical units. Lead-contaminated soils, with lead concentrations above 100mg·kg(-1) <3km from the smelters, are characterized on average by larger peak ECRa values and larger dispersion. At large scales, away from the smelters, spatial variations of ECRa correlate well with spatial variations of MS, thus suggesting that, at distance larger than 5km, variability of MS contains a significant natural component. Larger ECRa values are correlated with larger fine fraction and, possibly, mercury concentration. While MS is enhanced in the vicinity of the smelters and is associated with the presence of soft ferrimagnetic minerals such as magnetite, it does not correlate systematically with metal concentrations. When multiple industrial and urban sources are present, ECRa mapping, thus, can help in identifying at least part of the natural spatial variability of MS. More generally, this study shows that ECRa mapping provides an independent and reliable assessment of the background spatial structure which underlies the structure of a given contamination. Furthermore, ECRa may provide a novel index to identify soils potentially able to fix leached components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Girault
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Paris, France..
| | - Frédéric Perrier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charles Poitou
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Aude Isambert
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Francis Douay
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo Environnement, ISA Lille, Lille, France
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