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Mišík M, Staudinger M, Kundi M, Worel N, Nersesyan A, Ferk F, Dusinska M, Azqueta A, Møller P, Knasmueller S. Use of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay for the Detection of DNA-protective Dietary Factors: Results of Human Intervention Studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108458. [PMID: 37031732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The single cell gel electrophoresis technique is based on the measurement of DNA migration in an electric field and enables to investigate via determination of DNA-damage the impact of foods and their constituents on the genetic stability. DNA-damage leads to adverse effects including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infertility. In the last 25 years approximately 90 human intervention trials have been published in which DNA-damage, formation of oxidized bases, alterations of the sensitivity towards reactive oxygen species and chemicals and of repair functions were investigated with this technique. In approximately 50% of the studies protective effects were observed. Pronounced protection was found with certain plant foods (spinach, kiwi fruits, onions), coffee, green tea, honey and olive oil. Also diets with increased contents of vegetables caused positive effects. Small amounts of certain phenolics (gallic acid, xanthohumol) prevented oxidative damage of DNA; with antioxidant vitamins and cholecalciferol protective effects were only detected after intake of doses that exceed the recommended daily uptake values. The evaluation of the quality of the studies showed that many have methodological shortcomings (lack of controls, no calibration of repair enzymes, inadequate control of the compliance and statistical analyses) which should be avoided in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlen Staudinger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Worel
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2002 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Silva Fernandes A, Hollanda Véras J, Silva LS, Puga SC, Luiz Cardoso Bailão EF, de Oliveira MG, Cardoso CG, Carneiro CC, Costa Santos SD, Chen-Chen L. Pedunculagin isolated from Plinia cauliflora seeds exhibits genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects in bacteria and human lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:353-363. [PMID: 34875975 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.2009947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pedunculagin (PD), an ellagitannin found in different plant species, possesses several pharmaceutical properties, including antitumor, antioxidant, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of PD alone on DNA remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic activities of PD isolated from Plinia cauliflora seeds using in silico and in vitro assays. To elucidate the biological activities of PD, in silico tools indicative of antioxidant, antineoplastic, and chemopreventive activities of PD were used. Subsequently, the mutagenic/antimutagenic effects of PD were later assessed using bacteria with the Ames test, and the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic effects utilizing human lymphocytes as evidenced by trypan blue exclusion test and CometChip assay. In silico analysis indicated potential antioxidant, chemopreventive, free radical scavenger, and cytostatic activities of PD. In the Ames test, PD was found to be not mutagenic; however, this plant component protected DNA against damage-mediated by mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and sodium azide. Regarding human lymphocytes, PD alone was cytotoxic and genotoxic; however, it also reduced DNA damage induced by doxorubicin at co- and post-treatment. In conclusion, PD showed genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects in human lymphocytes and antimutagenic effects in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Silva Fernandes
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Hollanda Véras
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Luana Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sara Cristina Puga
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Anjo FA, Saraiva BR, Da Silva JB, Ribeiro YC, Bruschi ML, Riegel-Vidotti IC, Simas FF, Matumoto-Pintro PT. Acacia mearnsii gum: A residue as an alternative gum Arabic for food stabilizer. Food Chem 2021; 344:128640. [PMID: 33229157 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acacia mearnsii gum is not commercially exploited, being characterized as residue from A. mearnsii cultivation. This work investigated the A. mearnsii gum polysaccharide composition, its cytotoxicity and the technological effect as a stabilizer in ice cream. A. mearnsii gum showed a similar chemical structure to commercial gum Arabic and did not decrease the viability and proliferation of fibroblast cells (Balb/3T3) and hepatocarcinoma (HepG2). Rheological tests showed that the ice cream stabilized by the A. mearnsii gum had a more structured system (more interactions between the mixture components) and the same melting characteristics as the ice cream samples made with commercial gum Arabic. The results showed that A. mearnsii gum, which is actually an agro-industrial residue from tannin production for industry, is a potential stabilizing gum for the food industry, contributing to the economic development of the exploitation chain of A. mearnsii products and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Antônio Anjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Bianka Rocha Saraiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Bassi Da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Yasmin Carla Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP: 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Fernanda Fogagnoli Simas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP: 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Paula Toshimi Matumoto-Pintro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Araujo CDS, Brito LD, Tarifa MO, Silva NJFD, Rodrigues KS, Cavalcante DGSM, Gomes AS, Zocoler MA, Yoshihara E, Camparoto ML, Job AE, Kerche LE. Protective effects of bark ethanolic extract from Spondias dulcis Forst F. against DNA damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene and cyclophosphamide. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:643-654. [PMID: 31188923 PMCID: PMC6905452 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the genotoxicity, mutagenicity, antigenotoxicity, and
antimutagenicity effects on biochemical parameters of oxidative stress of the
Spondias dulcis bark ethanolic extract on mice. The extract
was evaluated in the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg bw via gavage. To
evaluate the protective effects of the extract, benzo[a]pyrene
(B[a]P) and cyclophosphamide (CP) were chosen as DNA damage
inducers. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity were evaluated by the comet assay.
Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity were evaluated by the
micronucleus test in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The biochemical
parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated by the quantification of catalase
activity (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in total blood, liver and kidney,
and malondialdehyde (MDA), in liver and kidney. No genotoxic, cytotoxic, or
mutagenic effect was found on mice exposed to the extract. The extract depleted
the number of damaged nucleoids in total blood and the number of micronucleus
(MN) in both cell types. The extract was able to increase CAT activity and GSH
levels and decrease MDA levels after treatment with B[a]P and CP. The results
indicate that the S. dulcis extract has potential to be used as
preventive compound against DNA damage caused by CP and B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline de S Araujo
- Faculdade de Artes, Ciências, Letras e Educação, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorrane D Brito
- Faculdade de Artes, Ciências, Letras e Educação, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina O Tarifa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karoline S Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Dalita G S M Cavalcante
- Departmento de Física, Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa S Gomes
- Departmento de Física, Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Zocoler
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Eidi Yoshihara
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjori L Camparoto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo E Job
- Departmento de Física, Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandra E Kerche
- Faculdade de Artes, Ciências, Letras e Educação, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Machado NM, Ribeiro AB, Nicolella HD, Ozelin SD, Silva LHDD, Guissone APP, Rinaldi-Neto F, Lemos ILL, Furtado RA, Cunha WR, Rezende AAAD, Spanó MA, Tavares DC. Usnic acid attenuates genomic instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as chemical-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat colon. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:401-410. [PMID: 31066341 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1613274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Usnic acid (UA) is one of the pharmacologically most important compounds produced by several lichen species. To better understand the mechanism of action (MOA) of this important substance, this study examined the genotoxicity attributed to UA and its influence on mutagens with varying MOA using the micronucleus (MN) test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of UA on colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats employing the aberrant crypt focus (ACF) assay. In vitro studies showed a significant increase in the frequency of MN in cultures treated with the highest UA concentration tested (87.13 µM). In contrast, UA concentrations of 10.89, 21.78, or 43.56 µM produced an approximate 60% reduction in chromosomal damage induced by doxorubicin, hydrogen peroxide, and etoposide, indicating an antigenotoxic effect. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats treated with different UA doses (3.125, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg b.w.) and with the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine exhibited a significantly lower incidence of neoplastic lesions in the colon than animals treated only with the carcinogen. Data suggest that the MOA responsible for the chemopreventive effect of UA may be related to interaction with DNA topoisomerase II and/or the antioxidant potential of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane Moreira Machado
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Azenha Alves De Rezende
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
- c Faculty of Integrated Sciences of Pontal , Federal University of Uberlândia , Ituiutaba , MG , Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
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6
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Chemopreventive role of Copaifera reticulata Ducke oleoresin in colon carcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:331-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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8
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Alves JM, Leandro LF, Senedese JM, Castro PTD, Pereira DE, Resende FA, Campos DL, Silva JJMD, Varanda EA, Bastos JK, Ambrósio SR, Tavares DC. Antigenotoxicity properties of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its chemical marker, the diterpene (-)-copalic acid. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:116-129. [PMID: 29286884 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1420505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In view of the biological activities and growing therapeutic interest in oleoresin obtained from Copaifera multijuga, this study aimed to determine the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of this oleoresin (CMO) and its chemical marker, diterpene (-)-copalic acid (CA). The micronucleus (MN) assay in V79 cell cultures and the Ames test were used for in vitro analyses, as well as MN and comet assays in Swiss mice for in vivo analyses. The in vitro genotoxicity/mutagenicity results showed that either CMO (30, 60, or 120 µg/ml-MN assay; 0.39-3.12 mg/plate-Ames test) or CA (2.42; 4.84, or 9.7 µg/ml-MN assay; 0.39-3.12 mg/plate-Ames test) did not induce a significant effect on the frequency of MN and number of revertants, demonstrating an absence of genotoxic and mutagenic activities, respectively, in vitro. In contrast, these natural products significantly reduced the frequency of MN induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and exerted a marked inhibitory effect against indirect-acting mutagens in the Ames test. In the in vivo test system, animals treated with CMO (6.25 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited a significant decrease in rate of MN occurrence compared to those treated only with MMS. An antigenotoxic effect of CA was noted in the MN test (1 and 2 mg/kg b.w.) and the comet assay (0.5 mg/kg b.w.). Data suggest that the chemical marker of the genus Copaifera, CA, may partially be responsible for the observed chemopreventive effect attributed to CMO exposure. ABBREVIATIONS 2-AA, 2-anthramine; 2-AF, 2-aminofluorene; AFB1, aflatoxin B1; B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene; BOD, biological oxygen demand; BPDE, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide; CA, (-)-copalic acid; CMO, oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, DMEM, Dulbecco`s Modified Eagles`s Medium; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; EMBRAPA, Brazilian agricultural research corporation; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; HAM-F10, nutrient mixture F-10 Ham; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MI, mutagenic index; MMC, mitomycin C; MMS, methyl methanesulfonate; MN, micronucleus; MNPCE, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte; NCE, normochromatic erythrocyte; NDI, nuclear division index; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; NPD, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCE, polychromatic erythrocyte; SA, sodium azide; V79, Chinese hamster lung fibroblast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- b Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Medicinal e Medicina Regenerativa Universidade de Araraquara , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Débora Leite Campos
- c Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara , Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jonas Joaquim Mangabeira da Silva
- d Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- c Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara , Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- d Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
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Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its constituent diterpene (−)-copalic acid: Genotoxicity and chemoprevention study. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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da Silva Prado L, da Silva J, Garcia ALH, Boaretto FBM, Grivicich I, Conter LU, de Oliveira Salvi A, Reginatto FH, Vencato SB, de Barros Falcão Ferraz A, Picada JN. Evaluation of DNA Damage in HepG2 Cells and Mutagenicity of Garcinielliptone FC, A Bioactive Benzophenone. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:621-627. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology; Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA); Canoas Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA); Canoas Brazil
| | | | - Aguisson de Oliveira Salvi
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Suele Bierhals Vencato
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA); Canoas Brazil
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Andrade AF, Alves JM, Corrêa MB, Cunha WR, Veneziani RCS, Tavares DC. In vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assessment of Solanum lycocarpum hydroalcoholic extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2786-2790. [PMID: 27159582 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1175022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. (Solanaceae), popularly known as 'fruta-do-lobo' (wolf fruit), 'lobeira' and 'jurubebão', is commonly used by native people of Central Brazil in powder form or as a hydroalcoholic extract for the management of diabetes and obesity and to decrease cholesterol levels. OBJECTIVE The present study determines the possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extract of the S. lycocarpum fruits (SL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The clonogenic efficiency assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity. Three concentrations of SL (16, 32 and 64 μg/mL) were used for the evaluation of its genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential on V79 cells using the micronucleus and comet assays. In the antigenotoxicity assays, the cells were treated simultaneously with SL and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS, 44 μg/mL for the micronucleus assay and 22 μg/mL for the comet assay) as an inducer of micronuclei and DNA damage. RESULTS The results showed that SL was cytotoxic at concentrations up to 64 μg/mL. No significant differences in the rate of chromosome or DNA damage were observed between cultures treated with SL and the control group. In addition, the frequencies of micronuclei and DNA damage induced by MMS were significantly reduced after treatment with SL. The damage reduction percentage ranged from 68.1% to 79.2% and 12.1% to 16.5% for micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION SL exerted no genotoxic effect and exhibited chemopreventive activity against both genomic and chromosome damage induced by MMS.
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Nersesyan A, Hoelzl C, Ferk F, Mišík M, Al-Serori H, Setayesh T, Knasmueller S. Use of Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622895-00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique has been frequently used to investigate the impact of consumption of complex foods and individual constituents on DNA stability in humans. Since no division or cultivation of the indicator cells (in most studies lymphocytes) is required, this approach is less costly and time consuming than cytogenetic methods. Apart from single- and double-stand breaks and apurinic sites, which can be detected under standard conditions, it is also possible to assess the formation of oxidized DNA bases and alterations of DNA repair as well as protection of the DNA against chemical carcinogens. In total, 93 studies have been published since the first use of the Comet assay in this field in 1997. The results which emerged from these studies show that human foods contain specific highly protective components (e.g. gallic acid, xanthohumol, isoflavones); promising results were also obtained with beverages (coffee and other drinks), while mixed diets with vegetables and fruits conferred no or moderate protection; however, individual plant foods (e.g. kiwis and specific cruciferous vegetables) were highly protective. It is notable that prevention of DNA damage was rarely detected under standard conditions while evidence for reduced formation of oxidized DNA bases was found in approximately 30% of the trials. In some investigations it was possible to identify the modes of action by which specific compounds prevented damage of the genetic material in additional mechanistic experiments. The currently available data show that SCGE assays are a valuable tool for identifying dietary factors which improve the stability of the genetic material and prevent adverse health effects which are causally related to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hoelzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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Bunkova R, Marova I, Pokorna Z, Lojek A. Analysis of Plant Extracts Antimutagenicity Using the Ames Test and the Cytogenetic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013205052764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work was focused on comparison of antimutagenic effect of selected plant extracts (carrot, paprika, tomato, spinach, onion, kiwi and green tea) analysed by two independent tests of genotoxicity: i) the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and ii) cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (CAPL). Both methods were proved without and/or with metabolic activation. Samples were allowed to be positive antimutagens based on their ability to inhibit the mutagenic effects of standard mutagens. High positive results (more than 60% of inhibition of mutagenic effect) were obtained with extract from green tea. Extracts from paprika, carrot and spinach as well as solutions of standard alltrans-carotene and some standard flavonoids showed antimutagenic (40-60% of inhibition) or weakly antimutagenic (20-40% of inhibition) effects. Positive antimutagenic effects of extracts from spinach and green tea were determined using CAPL method too. Further, the comparison of antimutagenic activity and antioxidant capacity of tested samples analysed using TRAP (total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter) method was proved. Extract from green tea showed the highest antioxidant as well as antimutagenic capacity, but no correlation was found between these parameters in all tested extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Bunkova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic, Regional Hygienic Station Brno, Genetic Toxicology. Pellicova 29/31, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I. Marova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic,
| | - Z. Pokorna
- Regional Hygienic Station Brno, Genetic Toxicology. Pellicova 29/31, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A. Lojek
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Roberto MM, Jamal CM, Malaspina O, Marin-Morales MA. Antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green propolis and its main botanical source determined by the Allium cepa test system. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:257-69. [PMID: 27223486 PMCID: PMC4910559 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian green propolis is a resinous substance prepared by bees from parts of the
plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. As it possess several biological
properties, this work assessed the cytotoxic/anticytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic
and mutagenic/antimutagenic potential of ethanolic extracts of Brazilian green
propolis (EEGP) and of B. dracunculifolia (EEBD), by means of the
Allium cepa test system. The effects were evaluated by assessing
the chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies on meristematic and
F1 generation cells from onion roots. Chemical analyses performed with the extracts
showed differences in flavonoid quality and quantity. No genotoxic or mutagenic
potential was detected, and both extracts were capable of inhibiting cellular damage
caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment, reducing the frequencies of CA and
MN. By these data, we can infer that, independent of their flavonoid content, the
extracts presented a protective effect in A. cepa cells against the
clastogenicity of MMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Mantuanelli Roberto
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Masrouah Jamal
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudo de Insetos Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Damasceno JL, de Oliveira PF, Miranda MA, Lima M, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Properties of Solanum cernuum and Its Alkaloid, Cernumidine. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:920-6. [PMID: 27251494 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solanum cernuum VE. has been used extensively for the treatment of urinary disorders, gonorrhea and skin infections; cernumidine is a major component of S. cernuum (SC) hydroalcoholic extract. The micronucleus test in V79 cells was used to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of SC and cernumidine. For antigenotoxicity assessment, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 44 µg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 3.5 µg/mL) were added as inducers of chromosome damage. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Significantly higher frequencies of micronuclei were observed in cell cultures treated with SC concentrations of 160 and 320 µg/mL in comparison with the negative control, demonstrating a genotoxic effect. There was no significant difference in the frequency of micronuclei between cell cultures treated with a combination of SC and MMS and those treated only with MMS. On the other hand, a significant reduction in the frequency of micronuclei was observed for V79 cells treated with SC or cernumidine plus H2O2 compared to those treated only with H2O2. Furthermore, SC and cernumidine were able to scavenge free radicals in the DPPH assay. Thus, the protective effect of SC and cernumidine against H2O2 can be attributed to antioxidant activity.
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Modulatory Effect of Betulinic Acid on the Genotoxicity Induced by Different Mutagens in V79 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8942730. [PMID: 27195016 PMCID: PMC4853943 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8942730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that can be isolated from many medicinal plants around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of BA and its effect on the genotoxicity induced by different mutagens in V79 cells using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Different BA concentrations were combined with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), doxorubicin (DXR), camptothecin (CPT), and etoposide (VP-16). The frequencies of micronuclei in cultures treated with different BA concentrations did not differ from those of the negative control. Treatment with BA and MMS resulted in lower micronucleus frequencies than those observed for cultures treated with MMS alone. On the other hand, a significant increase in micronucleus frequencies was observed in cultures treated with BA combined with DXR or VP-16 when compared to these mutagens alone. The results showed no effect of BA on CPT-induced genotoxicity. Therefore, BA was not genotoxic under the present experimental conditions and exerted a different influence on the genotoxicity induced by different mutagens. The modulatory effect of BA depends on the type of mutagen and concentrations used.
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de Oliveira PF, Damasceno JL, Nicolella HD, Bertanha CS, Pauletti PM, Tavares DC. Influence of Styrax camporum and of Chemical Markers (Egonol and Homoegonol) on DNA Damage Induced by Mutagens with Different Mechanisms of Action. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1839-1845. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Ribeiro DL, Cilião HL, Specian AFL, Serpeloni JM, de Souza MF, Tangerina MMP, Vilegas W, Boldrin PK, Resende FA, Varanda EA, Martínez-López W, Sannomiya M, Cólus IMS. Chemical and biological characterisation of Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld: absence of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity and possible chemopreventive potential. Mutagenesis 2015; 31:147-60. [PMID: 26314304 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld (M.hirtum) is a plant known as 'jacarandá-bico-de-pato' whose bark is commonly used against diarrhea, cough and cancer. The aim of this study was to phytochemically characterise the hydroethanolic extract of this plant, investigate its antimutagenic activities using the Ames test and evaluate its effects on cell viability, genomic instability, gene expression and cell protection in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Antimutagenic activity was assessed by simultaneous pre- and post-treatment with direct and indirect mutagens, such as 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD), mitomycin C (MMC), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), using the Ames test, cytokinesis blocking micronucleus and apoptosis assays. Only 3 of the 10 concentrations evaluated in the MTT assay were cytotoxic in HepG2 cells. Micronucleated or apoptotic cells were not observed with any of the tested concentrations, and there were no mutagenic effects in the bacterial system. However, the Nuclear Division Index and flow cytometry data showed a decrease in cell proliferation. The extract showed an inhibitory effect against direct (NPD) and indirect mutagens (B[a]P and AFB1). Furthermore, pre- and post-treated cells showed significant reduction in the number of apoptotic and micronucleated cells. This effect is not likely to be associated with the modulation of antioxidant genes, as shown by the RT-qPCR results. Six known flavonoids were identified in the hydroethanolic extract of Machaerium hirtum leaves, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. The presence of the antioxidants apigenin and luteolin may explain these protective effects, because these components can inhibit the formation of reactive species and prevent apoptosis and DNA damage. In conclusion, the M.hirtum extract showed chemopreventive potential and was not hazardous at the tested concentrations in the experiments presented here. Moreover, this extract should be investigated further as a chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Lizotti Cilião
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Leal Specian
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilesia Ferreira de Souza
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Vilegas
- Coastal Campus, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Karina Boldrin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Miriam Sannomiya
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil,
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Novel flavonoids as anti-cancer agents: mechanisms of action and promise for their potential application in breast cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1017-23. [PMID: 25109996 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large group of ubiquitous polyphenolic secondary metabolites in plants with a wide range of properties, including a widely reported anti-cancer effect. The present review focuses on the different known mechanisms partaking in said anti-tumour effects, with particular emphasis on breast cancer. Their structure and reactivity allows flavonoids to work as antioxidant agents and phyto-oestrogens, modulating oestrogen signalling and metabolism to induce an overall anti-proliferative response. Other effects include the ability of flavonoids to modulate the CYP1 (cytochrome P450 1) and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) protein families, involved in carcinogenesis and drug delivery respectively. They can also induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and regulate other signalling pathways involved in the development and progression of cancer. In conclusion, there is accumulating evidence on the versatility of flavonoids and the numerous activities contributing to their anti-tumour effect. The complex, yet effective, mechanism of action of flavonoids, together with their interesting pharmacological properties, is the basis for their potential application in breast and other cancers. This rationale has led to the current interest in the application of flavonoids, including clinical trials currently underway and the development of novel flavonoids with improved properties, which hold great promise for tackling breast cancer.
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20
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Nicolella HD, Oliveira PFD, Munari CC, Costa GFD, Moreira MR, Veneziani RCS, Tavares DC. Differential effect of manool – A diterpene from Salvia officinalis, on genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate in V79 and HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Alves ABCR, dos Santos RS, Calil SDS, Niero R, Lopes JDS, Perazzo FF, Rosa PCP, Andrade SF, Cechinel-Filho V, Maistro EL. Genotoxic assessment of Rubus imperialis (Rosaceae) extract in vivo and its potential chemoprevention against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:694-700. [PMID: 24685582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rubus imperialis Cham. Schl. (Rosaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine as hypoglycemic, antinociceptive and antiviral remedy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice were distributed in eight groups for acute treatment with Rubus imperialis extract (24 h). The extract doses selected were 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. administered by gavage alone or plus to CPA (50 mg/kg b.w.) administered by intraperitoneal injection. Control groups were treated in a similar way. Analyses were performed using the comet assay, on leukocytes (collected 4 and 24h after treatment) and liver (collected 24 h after treatment), and using the micronucleus test (MN) in bone marrow cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by scoring 200 consecutive polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes (PCE/NCE ratio). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The main compounds identified in the Rubus imperialis extract were saponins and steroidal compounds, with niga-ichigoside and tormentic acid being the major compounds. Tested doses of Rubus imperialis extract showed no genotoxic effects on leukocytes from peripheral blood or liver cells by the comet assay. However, the MN test showed an increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells at the two higher doses tested, indicating that this extract has clastogenic/aneugenic effects on bone marrow cells at higher doses. On the other hand, for all cells evaluated, the three tested doses of the Rubus imperialis extract promoted inhibition of DNA damage induced by CPA. Despite the chemoprevention observed, the clastogenicity/aneugenicity observed suggested caution about either continuous or high-dose usage of Rubus imperialis aerial parts extract by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Costa Rodrigues Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Caixa Postal 181, Marília, São Paulo 17525-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Souza dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Caixa Postal 181, Marília, São Paulo 17525-900, Brazil
| | - Susana de Santana Calil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Caixa Postal 181, Marília, São Paulo 17525-900, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jhonny da Silva Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fábio F Perazzo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Pires Rosa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edson Luis Maistro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Caixa Postal 181, Marília, São Paulo 17525-900, Brazil.
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Bixin protects hepatocytes against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced genotoxicity but does not suppress DNA damage and pre-neoplastic lesions in the colon of Wistar rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 759:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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García-Rodríguez MDC, Nicolás-Méndez T, Montaño-Rodríguez AR, Altamirano-Lozano MA. Antigenotoxic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, and rutin on chromium trioxide-induced micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes of mouse peripheral blood. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:324-336. [PMID: 24593145 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.865006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the modulating effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, and rutin on the genotoxic damage induced by Cr(VI) in polychromatic erythrocytes of CD-1 mice. The animals were divided into the following groups: (i) vehicle only; (ii) flavonoids (10 mg/kg EGCG, 100 mg/kg quercetin, 625 mg/kg rutin, or 100-625 mg/kg quercetin-rutin); (iii) Cr(VI) (20 mg/kg of CrO3); and (iv) flavonoids concomitantly with Cr(VI). All of the treatments were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). The genotoxic damage was evaluated based on the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) obtained from the caudal vein 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Groups treated with EGCG and quercetin exhibited no significant statistical changes in induction of MN-PCE. However, CrO3 treatment significantly increased MN-PCE induction 24 and 48 h after injection. Treatment with flavonoids prior to CrO3 exposure decreased MN-PCE induction compared with CrO3 only. The magnitudes of the potency of flavonoids were in the following order: rutin (82%) > quercetin (64%) > quercetin-rutin (59%) and EGCG (44%). The group treated with rutin significantly reduced genotoxic damage in mice treated with Cr(VI) (antioxidant effect). However rutin exerted a marginal genotoxic effect when administered alone (pro-oxidant effect). Our findings suggest protective effects of EGCG, quercetin, and rutin against genotoxic damage induced by Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen García-Rodríguez
- a Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza," Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México , D.F , México
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Francielli de Oliveira P, Acésio NO, Leandro LF, Cunha NL, Uchôa CJDM, Januário AH, Tavares DC. Antigenotoxicity ofRoupala montanaextract in the mouse micronucleus and comet assays. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:93-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.834346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Leandro LF, Munari CC, Sato VLFL, Alves JM, de Oliveira PF, Mastrocola DFP, Martins SDPL, Moraes TDS, de Oliveira AI, Tozatti MG, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Assessment of the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of (+)-usnic acid in V79 cells and Swiss mice by the micronucleus and comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 753:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Kato FH, Viana NI, Santini CB, de Souza CGG, Veneziani RCS, Ambrósio SR, Tavares DC. Assessment of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of pimaradienoic acid in mammalian cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 749:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jacociunas LV, de Andrade HHR, Lehmann M, de Abreu BRR, Ferraz ADBF, da Silva J, Dihl RR. Artichoke Induces Genetic Toxicity and Decreases Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Related DNA Damage in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:873-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vicedo Jacociunas
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Bianca Regina Ribas de Abreu
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Dihl
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN), Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
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Munari CC, de Oliveira PF, de Souza Lima IM, de Paula Lima Martins S, de Carvalho da Costa J, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glicoalkaloid extract in V79 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3696-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Almeida MR, Darin JDC, Hernandes LC, Aissa AF, Chisté RC, Mercadante AZ, Antunes LMG, Bianchi MLP. Antigenotoxic effects of piquiá (Caryocar villosum) in multiple rat organs. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:171-177. [PMID: 22562095 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vivo genotoxicity of piquiá pulp (Caryocar villosum) and its potential antigenotoxicity on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage by comet assay and micronucleus test. In addition, the phytochemicals present in piquiá pulp were determined. Piquiá fruit pulp (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg b.w.) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats for 14 days, and the animals received an injection of saline or DXR (15 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) 24 h before they were euthanized. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carotenoids; phenolic compounds, including flavonoids; tannins and α-tocopherol in piquiá pulp. No statistically significant differences were observed in the evaluated parameters, demonstrating the absence of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of piquiá pulp at all tested doses. In liver, kidney, cardiac and bone marrow cells, piquiá significantly reduced the DNA damage induced by DXR. Our results showed that the lowest piquiá dose caused the largest decrease in DNA damage and the highest dose caused the smallest decrease, demonstrating an inverse dose-response of piquiá pulp. Furthermore, we observed a difference in the potential antigenotoxic effects in several tissues. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that piquiá pulp was not genotoxic and inhibited the genotoxicity induced by DXR, but some of the protective effects that were observed depended on the doses and experimental conditions. Therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify how piquiá pulp positively affects human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ribeiro Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Avenida do Café, s/n Campus Universitário da USP, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Alves JM, Munari CC, de Azevedo Bentes Monteiro Neto M, Furtado RA, Senedese JM, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. In vivo protective effect of Copaifera langsdorffii hydroalcoholic extract on micronuclei induction by doxorubicin. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:854-60. [PMID: 22611044 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copaifera lansdorffii Desf. is known as 'copaíba', 'copaiva' or 'paú-de-óleo', and is found in part of Brazil. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of C. langsdorffii leaf hydroalcoholic extract (CLE) and its influence on the genotoxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) using the Swiss mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test. HPLC analysis of CLE using two monolithic columns linked in series allowed quantification of two major flavonoid heterosides, quercitrin and afzelin. Animals were treated with CLE by gavage at doses of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg(-1) body weight per day, each for 20 days. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 24 and 48 h, and 7, 15 and 21 days after the beginning of the treatment. For the antigenotoxicity evaluation, the animals treated with different concentrations of CLE received DXR (15 mg kg(-1) body weight, intraperitoneal) at day 20. The peripheral blood samples were collected 24 and 48 h after the treatment with DXR. The results demonstrated that CLE itself was not genotoxic in the mouse micronucleus assay. In animals treated with CLE and DXR, the number of micronucleus was significantly decreased compared with animals receiving DXR alone. The putative antioxidant activity of one or more of the active compounds of CLE may explain the effect of this plant on DXR genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Morais Alves
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201 Parque Universitário, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
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Viegas O, Zegura B, Pezdric M, Novak M, Ferreira IMPLVO, Pinho O, Filipič M. Protective effects of xanthohumol against the genotoxicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines MeIQx and PhIP in bacteria and in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:949-55. [PMID: 22138251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that xanthohumol (XN), a hop derived prenylflavonoid, very efficiently protects against genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of the food borne carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). In this study, we showed that XN was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and did not induce genomic instability in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. In the bacteria XN suppressed the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) induced mutations in a dose dependent manner and in HepG2 cells it completely prevented PhIP and MeIQx induced DNA strand breaks at nanomolar concentrations. With the QRT-PCR gene expression analysis of the main enzymes involved in the biotransformation of HAAs in HepG2 cells we found that XN upregulates the expression of phase I (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2) and phase II (UGT1A1) enzymes. Further gene expression analysis in cells exposed to MeIQx and PhIP in combination with XN revealed that XN mediated up-regulation of UGT1A1 expression may be important mechanism of XN mediated protection against HAAs induced genotoxicity. Our findings confirm the evidence that XN displays strong chemopreventive effects against genotoxicity of HAAs, and provides additional mechanistic information to assess its potential chemopreventive efficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Viegas
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Barcelos GRM, Angeli JPF, Serpeloni JM, Grotto D, Rocha BA, Bastos JK, Knasmüller S, Júnior FB. Quercetin protects human-derived liver cells against mercury-induced DNA-damage and alterations of the redox status. Mutat Res 2011; 726:109-15. [PMID: 21820078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of inorganic and organic mercury compounds, i.e., HgCl(2) and methylmercury (MeHg). In addition, the DNA-protective and antioxidant effects of the flavonoid quercetin (QC) were studied. All experiments were conducted with human-derived liver cells (HepG2), which possess antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes in an inducible form. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and comet formation were monitored as endpoints of DNA damage. The impact of the metal compounds on the redox status was also investigated, since it is assumed that their toxic effects are due to oxidative damage. A number of biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress, namely glutathione, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured after treatment of the cells with the mercury compounds in the presence and absence of quercetin. To elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the effects of QC, three protocols (pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment) were used. Both mercury compounds (range 0.1-5.0μM) caused induction of DNA migration and formation of 8-OHdG. In combination with the flavonoid (range 0.1-5.0μM), DNA-protective effects of QC were observed after pre- and simultaneous treatment but not when the flavonoid was added after treatment with the metal compounds. Exposure to the metal compounds led also to substantial changes of all parameters of the redox status and co-treatment experiments with QC showed that these alterations are reversed by the flavonoid. Taken together, the results of our experiments indicate that these two mercury compounds cause DNA damage and oxidative stress in human-derived liver cells and that the flavonoid reduces these effects. Since the concentrations of the metals and of the flavonoids used in the present work reflect human exposure, our findings can be taken as an indication that QC may protect humans against the adverse effects caused by the metal.
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Mišík M, Knasmueller S, Ferk F, Cichna-Markl M, Grummt T, Schaar H, Kreuzinger N. Impact of ozonation on the genotoxic activity of tertiary treated municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:3681-3691. [PMID: 21565381 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is an emerging technology for the removal of micropollutants from treated wastewater. Aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of ozone treatment on genotoxic and acute toxic effects of tertiary treated municipal wastewater. It is known that DNA-damaging chemicals cause adverse effects in the environment and that exposure to humans leads to cancer and other diseases. Toxicity was tested in organisms from three trophic levels namely in bacteria (Salmonella/microsome assays) which enable the detection of gene mutations, in a plant bioassay (micronucleus assay with root tip cells of Allium cepa) which reflects clastogenic and aneugenic effects and in single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) tests with mammalian cells which detect DNA migration caused by single-, double strand breaks and alkali labile sites. In the bacterial tests negative results were obtained with untreated samples but after concentration with C(18) cartridges a positive result was found in strains TA1537 and TA98 which are sensitive to frameshift mutagens while no mutations were induced in other tester strains (TA100, TA102 and YG1024). Ozone treatment led to a decrease of the mutagenic activity of the samples. In the SCGE experiments, DNA migration was detected with the unconcentrated effluent of the treatment plant and ozonation led to a substantial decrease of this effect. In the plant bioassays, negative results were obtained with the effluent and ozone treatment did not cause an alteration of the micronucleus frequencies. Also acute toxic effects were monitored in the different indicator organisms under all experimental conditions. The bacteriocidal/bacteriostatic effects which were seen with the concentrated samples were reduced by ozonation. In the experiments with the eukaryotic (plant and animal) cells no acute toxicity was seen with the effluents and ozonation had no impact on their viability. In conclusion findings of this study indicate that ozonation of tertiary effluents of a municipal treatment plant reduces the adverse effects caused by release of mutagens in aquatic ecosystems and does not decrease the viability of bacteria and eukaryotic cells. However, future research is required to find out if, and to which extent these findings can be generalized and which mechanisms account for the detoxification of the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Oliveira PF, Neto MAM, Leandro LF, Bastos JK, da Silva Filho AA, Tavares DC. In Vivo Antigenotoxicity of Baccharin, an Important Constituent of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:35-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Azevedo Bentes Monteiro Neto M, de Souza Lima IM, Furtado RA, Bastos JK, da Silva Filho AA, Tavares DC. Antigenotoxicity of artepillin C in vivo evaluated by the micronucleus and comet assays. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:714-9. [PMID: 21259290 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-p-coumaric acid), a major compound found in Brazilian green propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia, shows anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and antitumoral activities, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of artepillin C and its ability to prevent the chemically induced chromosome breakage or loss and the primary DNA damage using the micronucleus and comet assays in male Swiss mice, respectively. The animals were treated by gavage with different doses of artepillin C (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg kg(-1) b.w.). For the antigenotoxicity assays, the different doses of artepillin C were administered simultaneously to doxorubicin (DXR; micronucleus test; 15 mg kg(-1) b.w.) and to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; comet assay; 40 mg kg(-1) b.w.). The results showed that artepillin C itself was not genotoxic in the mouse micronucleus and comet assays. In the animals treated with artepillin C and DXR, the number of micronucleated reticulocytes was significantly lower in comparison with the animals treated only with DXR. Regarding antigenotoxicity, artepillin C at the tested doses significantly reduced the extent of DNA damage in liver cells induced by MMS.
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Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid contained in beer, prevents the induction of preneoplastic lesions and DNA damage in liver and colon induced by the heterocyclic aromatic amine amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). Mutat Res 2010; 691:17-22. [PMID: 20547166 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is a hop derived prenylated flavonoid contained in beer. Earlier findings indicated that it has promising chemopreventive properties and protects cells against DNA damage by carcinogens via inhibition of their activation. Furthermore, it was found that XN inhibits DNA synthesis and proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, inactivates oxygen radicals and induces apoptosis. Since evidence for its chemoprotective properties is restricted to results from in vitro experiments, we monitored the impact of XN on the formation of amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)-induced preneoplastic foci in livers and colons of rats (9/group). Additionally, we studied its effects on IQ-induced DNA damage in colonocytes and hepatocytes in single cell gel electrophoresis assays and on the activities of a panel of drug metabolising enzymes. Consumption of the drinking water supplemented with XN (71 microg/kg b.w.) before and during carcinogen treatment led to a significant reduction of the number of GST-p+ foci in the liver by 50% and also to a decrease of the foci area by 44%. DNA migration was decreased significantly in both, colon mucosa and liver cells, but no alterations of the activities of different phases I and II enzymes were found in hepatic tissue. Our findings indicate that XN protects against DNA damage and cancer induced by the cooked food mutagen. Since the effects were observed with low doses of XN which are reached after consumption of brews with high XN levels, our findings may be relevant for humans.
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Arroyo E, Chinchilla N, Molinillo JM, Macias FA, Astola A, Ortiz M, Valdivia MM. Aneugenic effects of benzoxazinones in cultured human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 695:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nersesyan A, Hoelzl C, Ferk F, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Comet Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hoelzl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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Getting the dose–response wrong: why hormesis became marginalized and the threshold model accepted. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:227-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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41
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Furtado MA, de Almeida LCF, Furtado RA, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Antimutagenicity of rosmarinic acid in Swiss mice evaluated by the micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 2008; 657:150-4. [PMID: 18926924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic compound which presents different biological activities such as antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties. In view of its important biological activities, the study of the effects of RA on genetic material becomes relevant. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic and/or antimutagenic potential of RA on peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice using the micronucleus assay. Three doses of RA (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, b.w.) were used for the evaluation of its mutagenic potential. In the antimutagenicity assays, the different concentrations of RA were combined with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR, 15 mg/kg b.w.). Peripheral blood samples were collected 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment for the evaluation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs). The results of the mutagenicity assays showed no increase in the frequency of micronuclei in animals treated with different concentrations of RA when compared to the negative controls. Treatment with different concentrations of RA combined with DXR revealed a significant reduction in the frequency of micronuclei compared to animals treated with DXR only. Although the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of RA are not completely understood, the putative antioxidant activity of RA might explain its effect on DXR mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Andrade Furtado
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mitić-Culafić D, Zegura B, Nikolić B, Vuković-Gacić B, Knezević-Vukcević J, Filipic M. Protective effect of linalool, myrcene and eucalyptol against t-butyl hydroperoxide induced genotoxicity in bacteria and cultured human cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:260-6. [PMID: 19049815 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the protective effect of monoterpenes myrcene, eucalyptol and linalool against t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) induced genotoxicity in reverse mutation assay with Escherichia coli WP2 IC185 strain and its oxyR mutant IC202, and with the comet assay in human hepatoma HepG2 and human B lymphoid NC-NC cells. The monoterpenes were tested in concentration ranges 0.05-1.5 mg/plate and 0.01-1.0 microg/ml in bacteria and mammalian cells, respectively. Suppression of t-BOOH induced mutagenesis was detected only in IC202 strain, and correlated with the observed inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the three monoterpenes. Linalool and myrcene strongly suppressed t-BOOH induced mutagenesis. Eucalyptol, in addition to moderate suppression of t-BOOH induced mutagenesis, suppressed also spontaneous mutagenesis. In NC-NC cells linalool and myrcene reduced t-BOOH induced DNA damage by about 50% at 0.01 microg/ml, while eucalyptol was less efficient (about 50% reduction at 1.0 microg/ml). In HepG2 cells linalool and eucalyptol reduced DNA damage by 30% and 40%, respectively, while myrcene was ineffective. The repair of t-BOOH induced DNA damage, studied in HepG2 cells, was not affected by monoterpenes. The results indicate that linalool, eucalyptol and myrcene have substantial protective effect against oxidant induced genotoxicity, which is predominately mediated by their radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mitić-Culafić
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/II, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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43
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The role of herbs and spices in cancer prevention. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19:347-61. [PMID: 18499033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Historically, herbs and spices have enjoyed a rich tradition of use for their flavor enhancement characteristics and for their medicinal properties. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide and the corresponding rise in health care costs is propelling interest among researchers and the public for multiple health benefits related to these food items, including a reduction in cancer risk and modification of tumor behavior. A growing body of epidemiological and preclinical evidence points to culinary herbs and spices as minor dietary constituents with multiple anticancer characteristics. This review focuses on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumorigenic properties of herbs and spices; their ability to influence carcinogen bioactivation; and likely anticancer contributions. While culinary herbs and spices present intriguing possibilities for health promotion, more complete information is needed about the actual exposures to dietary components that are needed to bring about a response and the molecular target(s) for specific herbs and spices. Only after this information is obtained will it be possible to define appropriate intervention strategies to achieve maximum benefits from herbs and spices without eliciting ill consequences.
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Stidl R, Sontag G, Koller V, Knasmüller S. Binding of heterocyclic aromatic amines by lactic acid bacteria: results of a comprehensive screening trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:322-9. [PMID: 18320573 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was a comprehensive investigation of the detoxification capacities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) towards heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCA) formed during cooking of meat. It has been postulated that LAB prevent genotoxic and/or carcinogenic effects of HCA in laboratory rodents and humans via direct binding mechanisms. We measured the removal of the most abundant cooked food mutagens (AalphaC, PhIP, IQ, MeIQx, DiMeIQx) by eight LAB species. From each species, twelve strains were tested in liquid binding experiments with HPLC coupled with coulometric electrode array detection. The highest removal rates were observed with the representatives of the L. helveticus and S. thermophilus groups, which were seven to eight times more effective than L. kefir and L. plantarum. Strong and statistically significant differences were seen in the binding behaviour of the individual amines, the ranking order of detoxification being AalphaC > DiMeIQx > MeIQx > IQ > PhIP. Results of Salmonella/microsome assays with strain TA98 showed that the binding of AalphaC and PhIP to LAB correlates with the reduction of their mutagenic activities. This study may contribute to the development of strategies concerning the adverse health effects of HCA utilizing highly protective LAB for the production of fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Stidl
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
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45
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Kac J, Plazar J, Mlinaric A, Zegura B, Lah TT, Filipic M. Antimutagenicity of hops (Humulus lupulus L.): bioassay-directed fractionation and isolation of xanthohumol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:216-220. [PMID: 17959367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-directed fractionation with a Salmonella/microsomal assay against the food borne mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was used to identify antimutagenic components of hops. Hops pellets extracted with diethylether showed antimutagenic activity against mutations induced by IQ. Fractionation of the diethylether extract (DE) by column chromatography, followed by semi-preparative HPLC yielded two fractions (E4b and E4d) with strong antimutagenic activity against IQ induced mutations. Separation of fraction E4b resulted in inactive fractions, while fraction E4d has been identified to be xanthohumol. In mammalian test system with human hepatoma HepG2 cells fraction E4d at 10mug/ml completely prevented formation of IQ induced DNA damage. These results indicate that xanthohumol is a very promising potential protective agent against genotoxicity of food borne carcinogens, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javor Kac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Barcelos GRM, Shimabukuro F, Maciel MAM, Cólus IMS. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in V79 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1468-75. [PMID: 17706911 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of plants for the treatment of diseases continues to rise although there are few studies providing proof of these effects. One of these plants is the Anacardium occidentale, popularly known as the cashew. The present study evaluated the possible genotoxic and protective activities of cashew stem bark methanolic extract, in vitro, using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as a positive control, to compare possible mechanisms of DNA damage induction in the Comet assay. The antigenotoxicity protocols used were pre, simultaneous and post-treatment in relation to MMS. In genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assessments, besides MMS, PBS was used as the negative control and three concentrations of the A. occidentale extract (500 microg/mL, 1000 microg/mL and 2000 microg/mL) were used on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells). The Comet assay revealed that the two lowest concentrations tested presented no genotoxic activity, whereas the highest presented genotoxicity. All of the concentrations showed protective activity in simultaneous and post-treatment in relation to MMS. Further studies are required to identify the substances that comprise the extract and more clearly comprehend the antigenotoxic mechanism detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R M Barcelos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid km 380, 86051-990 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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47
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Plazar J, Filipic M, Groothuis GMM. Antigenotoxic effect of Xanthohumol in rat liver slices. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 22:318-27. [PMID: 17981005 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), the principal prenylated flavonoid in the hop plant, Humulus lupulus L., is suggested to have cancer chemo-preventive activities. Its mechanisms of protection have been proposed to be inhibition of metabolic activation, induction of detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant activity. Our previous study showed that XN efficiently protected human hepatoma HepG2 cells against the genotoxic effects of two pro-carcinogens (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)) that are dependent on cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated metabolic activation, and against genotoxic effects of the oxidative damage inducing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH). In the present study, we investigated the antigenotoxic effects of XN in precision-cut rat liver slices. Using the comet assay, we detected that at non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.01-10 microM) XN completely prevented IQ and BaP-induced DNA damage. The protective effects of XN against tBOOH-induced DNA damage was less efficient; the maximal 50% reduction of DNA damage was observed at 0.1 microM XN. In rat microsomes, XN (0.001-10 microM) inhibited CYP1A activity (7-ethoxycoumarin (7EC) de-ethylation) in a concentration-dependent manner. Surprisingly, no inhibition of 7EC metabolism by XN was observed in rat liver slices. XN also did not have any influence on mRNA expression of the enzymes CYP1A2 and quinone reductase (QR). These results indicate that inhibition of metabolic activation of pro-carcinogens by CYP1A is not likely to be the mechanism of its antigenotoxic action. In conclusion, XN efficiently protects DNA against genotoxicity of IQ and BaP and against oxidative DNA damage. Although the mechanism of the protective effect of XN is unclear, our results indicate that XN exhibits antigenotoxic effects in fresh liver tissue and provide additional evidence for the cancer preventive potential of XN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Plazar
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, University Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Resende FA, Alves JM, Munari CC, Senedese JM, Sousa JPB, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Inhibition of doxorubicin-induced mutagenicity by Baccharis dracunculifolia. Mutat Res 2007; 634:112-8. [PMID: 17689136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae), a native plant from Brazil, have been used as an antipyretic, stomachic and health tonic in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential mutagenic effect of B. dracunculifolia ethyl acetate extract (Bd-EAE) and its influence on the mutagenicity induced by the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DXR) using the rat bone marrow and peripheral blood micronucleus test. Wistar rats were divided into 10 treatment groups. Five groups received DXR (90 mg/kg body weight, b.w., intraperitoneally) to induce mutagenicity and three of these groups received a single oral dose of Bd-EAE at a concentration of 6, 12 or 24 mg/kg b.w. prior to DXR administration. A vehicle-treated control group and Bd-EAE control groups were also included. The results showed that Bd-EAE itself was not mutagenic, in the rat micronucleus assay. In animals treated with Bd-EAE and DXR, the number of MNPCEs was significantly decreased compared to animals receiving DXR alone. HPLC analysis of the extract obtained permitted the identification of the following phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, aromadendrin-4'O-methyl ether, 3-prenyl-p-coumaric acid (drupanin), 3,5-diprenyl-p-coumaric acid (artepillin C) and baccharin. The putative antioxidant activity or the interference of one or more of the active compounds of Bd-EAE with mutagenic metabolic pathways may explain its effect on DXR mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
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Plazar J, Zegura B, Lah TT, Filipic M. Protective effects of xanthohumol against the genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Mutat Res 2007; 632:1-8. [PMID: 17590382 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol is the major prenylated flavonoid present in the hop plant Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabinaceae) and a common ingredient of beer. Recently, xanthohumol has gained considerable interest due to its potential cancer chemo-preventive effect. The aim of this study was to reveal the possible anti-genotoxic activity of xanthohumol in metabolically competent human hepatoma HepG2 cells, by use of the comet assay. Xanthohumol by itself was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic to the cells at concentrations below 10microM. However, a significant protective effect against the pro-carcinogens benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) was observed at concentrations as low as 0.01microM. In cells treated with xanthohumol in combination with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) - an inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - no protective effect was observed and xanthohumol also showed no significant scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. On the other hand, HepG2 cells pre-treated with xanthohumol showed significantly reduced levels of t-BOOH-induced DNA strand breaks, indicating that its protective effect is mediated by induction of cellular defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. As xanthohumol is known to be an effective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes and an inducer of NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR), our findings can be explained by an inhibition of metabolic activation of pro-carcinogens and/or by induction of carcinogen-detoxifying and anti-oxidative enzymes by xanthohumol. These results provide evidence that xanthohumol displays anti-genotoxic activity in metabolically competent human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Plazar
- National Institute of Biology, Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Fernandes GSA, Arena AC, Fernandez CDB, Mercadante A, Barbisan LF, Kempinas WG. Reproductive effects in male rats exposed to diuron. Reprod Toxicol 2007; 23:106-12. [PMID: 17070669 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diuron is a ureic herbicide considered to have very low toxicity. The present study evaluated several aspects of reproductive toxicity of diuron in adult male rats. Diuron was diluted in corn oil and administered by oral gavage to groups of 18-20 rats at doses of 0, 125 or 250 mg/kg per day for 30 days; the control group received only the corn oil vehicle. At the end of the treatment period, approximately half the animals from each group were assigned to one of two terminal assessment lines: (1) reproductive organ, liver and kidney weights; measurement of diuron concentrations in liver and kidney; plasma testosterone determinations; evaluation of daily sperm production per testis; sperm number and sperm transit time in the epididymis; or (2) sexual behavior assessment during cohabitation with a receptive female; fertility and pregnancy outcome after natural mating; testicular, epididymal, kidney and liver histopathology; sperm morphology. After 30 days of oral diuron treatment, there were no treatment-related changes in body weights, but dose-related diuron residues were detected in the liver of all treated rats and absolute and relative liver weights were increased in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the treated and control groups obtained in plasma testosterone concentrations, or in parameters of daily sperm production, sperm reserves in the epididymis, sperm morphology or measured components of male sexual behavior. On the other hand, the number of fetuses in the litters from diuron-treated rats was slightly smaller than litters from control rats. Therefore, although the results did not indicate that diuron exposure resulted in direct male reproductive toxicity in the rat, they suggest that additional studies should be undertaken to investigate the possible effects on fertility and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaura S A Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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