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Jácome EVM, Bessa MSD, Borges BCD, Torres ACSP. Addition of substances to reduce the erosive potential of acidic beverages to tooth enamel: A scoping review. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38439218 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed (1) to map, analyse, interpret and synthesize data from in situ studies on which substances were added to acidic beverages to reduce the erosive potential on tooth enamel and (2) to establish the level of evidence of the effectiveness of adding substances to acidic beverages to reduce the erosive potential on tooth enamel. DESIGN This is a scoping review, according to the methods from the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR, with high-sensitivity searches in the databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Virtual Health Library, Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science and ScienceDirect (Elsevier). In situ studies published in English until December 2022 were included. Studies that did not report a control group were excluded. To map and summarize the results, tables and figures were used. RESULTS From 895 potentially eligible articles, nine were included. Blackcurrant juices (n = 5) with the addition of calcium (n = 3) or xanthan gum (n = 2) formulations were the most tested in terms of reducing the erosive potential of the beverages on tooth enamel. The profilometer was the equipment of choice (n = 8) for evaluating the loss of enamel structure after the experimental tests. CONCLUSIONS Calcium and xanthan gum are among the most tested by in situ studies, offering promising results in reducing the erosive potential of fruit juices and carbonated and energy drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Silva de Bessa
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
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Chatzidimitriou K, Seremidi K, Kloukos D, Gizani S, Papaioannou W. The role of calcium in the prevention of erosive tooth wear: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2024; 25:55. [PMID: 38200328 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The loss of hard dental tissue due to recurrent acid challenges and mechanical stresses without bacterial involvement is known as erosive tooth wear (ETW). Many studies in the literature have concentrated on variables that may affect the ETW process and prevent its occurrence or reduce its advancement. However, to date, no previous systematic review has evaluated the role of calcium in preventing ETW. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to review and critically appraise the scientific evidence regarding the role of calcium formulations in the prevention of ETW. METHODS The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (Ref: CRD42021229819). A literature search was conducted in electronic databases to identify in situ randomized controlled trials evaluating the prevention of ETW following the application of calcium formulations. The outcomes studied included mean enamel loss, surface microhardness, surface roughness, mean erosion/softening depth, mineral loss/precipitation and remineralization. Study characteristics and outcomes of included studies were summarized. Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was used to assess the quality of eligible studies, and meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed. RESULTS The search retrieved 869 studies of which 21 were considered eligible. Regarding the results of the quality assessment for potential risk of bias in all included studies, overall, 5 studies were considered as being at low risk, another 12 at unclear risk and 4 at high risk of bias. The findings of the studies showed that the addition of calcium in juice drinks led to reduced enamel loss, with blackcurrant juice presenting 2.6 times statistically significant less enamel loss compared to orange juice (p = 0.0001, I2 = 89%). No statistically significant difference in mean surface microhardness of eroded enamel was recorded between chewing gum with or without casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (p = 0.31, I2 = 71%). Contradictory were the results regarding the effect of milk and CPP-ACP pastes on prevention of ETW. CONCLUSIONS Calcium formulations play an important role in ETW prevention, mainly through their addition to acidic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kyriaki Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3012, Hochschulstrasse 4, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sotiria Gizani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - William Papaioannou
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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Jordão MC, Ionta FQ, Bergantin BTP, Mendonça FL, Santos NMD, Honório HM, Oliveira TMD, Rios D. Influence of mandibular and palatal intraoral appliances on erosion in situ study outcome. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180153. [PMID: 30673029 PMCID: PMC6438665 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The standardization of in situ protocols for dental erosion is important to enable comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Camillo Jordão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Franciny Querobim Ionta
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bianca Tozi Portaluppe Bergantin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Lyrio Mendonça
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Natália Mello Dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais Marchini de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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Santos NM, Jordão MC, Ionta FQ, Mendonça FL, Di Leone CCL, Buzalaf MAR, Oliveira TM, Honório HM, Cruvinel T, Rios D. Impact of a simplified in situ protocol on enamel loss after erosive challenge. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196557. [PMID: 29734362 PMCID: PMC5937767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the period of use and location of intraoral appliances on enamel surface loss. This randomized, single blind in situ study was conducted in 2 crossover phases based on the period of use, in which maxillary and mandibular appliances were simultaneously worn. Bovine enamel blocks (n = 120) were randomly divided among the studied groups by surface hardness. In each phase, fifteen volunteers used one maxillary appliance and two mandibular appliances for 5 days. Erosive challenge was performed 4X/day by immersion in 0.01 M HCL for 2 minutes. In the continuous phase, the intraoral appliances were worn for 20 hours. In the intermittent phase the appliances were worn for 8 hours and 30 minutes. Enamel loss was determined profilometrically. The discomfort of use of the appliances were evaluated in a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Tukey’s test and chi-square test (p<0.05). The maxillary appliance promoted higher enamel loss compared to the mandibular one (p<0.001). Intermittent use of appliances resulted in similar enamel loss to the continuous one (p = 0.686). All volunteers preferred to use the maxillary appliance in an intermittent regimen. The intermittent use of maxillary appliance is a simplified reliable protocol appropriated for in situ erosion studies in enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Mello Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maísa Camillo Jordão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciny Querobim Ionta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lyrio Mendonça
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Cristina Lira Di Leone
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Marchini Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cruvinel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Vivek HP, Prashant GM, Geetha S, Chandramohan S, Imranulla M, Srinidhi PB. Effect of Mouthrinses containing Olive Oil, Fluoride, and Their Combination on Enamel Erosion: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:130-136. [PMID: 29422460 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mouth-rinses containing olive oil, fluoride, and their combination on enamel erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro study of 45 enamel specimens, which were prepared from 45 extracted teeth, was employed. Each specimen was subjected to 10 alternative demineralization and remineralization cycles. Remineralizing cycle includes 5 minutes exposure with one of the mouthrinse, and demineralizing cycle includes 3 minute exposure to 1% citric acid. Mean surface roughness (Ra) was measured from surfometry before and after cycles. Statistical tests used were Student's unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS Among the three mouthrinses, Listerine and Xerostom showed maximum protection against erosion on enamel. The 2% olive oil mouthrinse showed the least protection against erosion on enamel. CONCLUSION The study indicated that the Listerine and Xerostom mouthrinses are valuable preventive measures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mouthrinses are effective for lessening erosive demineralization and in aggregating remineralization of tooth surfaces which are the important factors to prevent enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Vivek
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, Phone: +918095306448, e-mail:
| | - G M Prashant
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Geetha
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabari Chandramohan
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Md Imranulla
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - P B Srinidhi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Enam F, Mursalat M, Guha U, Aich N, Anik MI, Nisha NS, Esha AA, Khan MS. Dental erosion potential of beverages and bottled drinking water in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1242607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Enam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mehnaz Mursalat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Upoma Guha
- Department of sRestorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Muzahidul Islam Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nayer Sultana Nisha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrin Ahsan Esha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohidus Samad Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mendonça FL, Jordão MC, Ionta FQ, Buzalaf MAR, Honório HM, Wang L, Rios D. In situ effect of enamel salivary exposure time and type of intraoral appliance before an erosive challenge. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2465-2471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Joshi M, Joshi N, Kathariya R, Angadi P, Raikar S. Techniques to Evaluate Dental Erosion: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE01-ZE07. [PMID: 27891489 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17996.8634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews different techniques for evaluating dental erosion, weighs the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and presents the latest trends in the study of dental erosion. In May 2014, an initial search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of indexed journals from 1975 to 2013 using the following keywords: dental erosion; dental erosion In-vitro; and dental erosion in-vivo. Bibliographic citations from the papers found were then used to find other useful sources. The authors categorize the techniques into three classes: in-vitro, in-vivo and in-vitro/in-vivo. The article discusses the instrumentation required to use each of these techniques, as well as their rationale, merits and applications. The emergence of in-vitro/in-vivo techniques offers the potential to accurately quantify tooth wear in clinical situations. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies show that these techniques will improve diagnosis, treatment planning and management of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Joshi
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kathariya
- Lecturer, Department of Periodontology, Dr. DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar Angadi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre , Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonal Raikar
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, D.Y. Patil Dental School, Ajeenkya D.Y. Patil University , Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Karda B, Jindal R, Mahajan S, Sandhu S, Sharma S, Kaur R. To Analyse the Erosive Potential of Commercially Available Drinks on Dental Enamel and Various Tooth Coloured Restorative Materials - An In-vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC117-21. [PMID: 27437343 PMCID: PMC4948519 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16956.7841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the enormous change in life style pattern of a common man through the past few decades, there has been proportional variation in the amount and frequency of consumption of drinks. An increased consumption of these drinks will concurrently increase enamel surface roughness by demineralization, resulting in hypersensitivity and elevated caries risk. AIM The present study was designed to evaluate the erosive potential of commercially available drinks on tooth enamel and various tooth coloured restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted human teeth were taken and divided into four groups i.e. tooth enamel, glass ionomer cement, composite and compomer. Four commercially available drinks were chosen these were Coca -Cola, Nimbooz, Frooti and Yakult. The pH of each drink was measured. Each group was immersed in various experimental drinks for a period of 14 days. The erosive potential of each drink was measured by calculating the change in average surface roughness of these groups after the immersion protocol in various drinks. The data analysis was done by One Way Anova, Post-Hoc Bonferroni, and paired t -test. RESULTS Group II-GIC showed highest values for mean of change in average surface roughness and the values were statistically significant (p<0.001) with tooth enamel, composite and compomer (p=0.002). Coca-cola showed the highest erosive potential and Yakult showed the lowest, there was no statistical significant difference between the results shown by Yakult and Frooti. CONCLUSION Characteristics which may promote erosion of enamel and tooth coloured restorative materials were surface texture of the material and pH of the drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Karda
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Desh Bhagat Dental College & Hospital, Muktsar, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Jindal
- Head of Department, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, National Dental College & Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Mahajan
- Head of Department, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Poanta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanam Sandhu
- Medical Officer (Dental), Civil Hospital, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India
| | - Sunila Sharma
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College Hospital, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pardesh, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, JCD Dental College & Hospital, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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Hooper S, Seong J, Macdonald E, Claydon N, Hellin N, Barker ML, He T, West NX. A randomised in situ trial, measuring the anti-erosive properties of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:35-42. [PMID: 24571703 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if a stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice provides greater enamel protection in situ against intraoral dietary erosive challenges compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. METHODS A single-centre, investigator blind, randomised, supervised, two-treatment, non-brushing, four-period crossover in situ study was undertaken, with each test period being 15 days. Thirty-five healthy adult subjects were recruited to participate in the study, which included four erosive acid challenges per day. Subjects were randomised to product treatment, which included either: (1) a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice (Oral-B(®) Pro-Expert Sensitive) or (2) a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice (Sensodyne(®) Pronamel(®) ). Each study subject wore an intraoral appliance retaining two sterilised, polished human enamel samples for 6 hours/day. Subjects swished with an allocated dentifrice slurry twice a day and with 250 ml of orange juice for 10 minutes (25 ml/minute over a 10-minute period) four times per day. The primary and secondary outcomes for this study were enamel loss measured using contact profilometry at days 15 and 5, respectively, using parametric analysis methods. RESULTS At day 15, a 38% lower enamel loss (P < 0.0001) was observed, with estimated medians of 2.03 μm (SE 0.247) and 3.30 μm (SE 0.379), in favour of the stannous-containing dentifrice. At day 5, specimens treated with the stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice demonstrated 25% less enamel loss than those treated with the sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Treatment differences at day 5 were also statistically significant (P < 0.05), with estimated medians of 1.37 μm (SE 0.177) and 1.83 μm (SE 0.223), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results of this in situ study suggest the stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice could be used to provide significantly greater protection to enamel from erosive acid challenge compared with that provided by conventional fluoride-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hooper
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
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Harris R, Gamboa A, Dailey Y, Ashcroft A. One-to-one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2012:CD006540. [PMID: 22419315 PMCID: PMC6464965 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006540.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dental care setting is an appropriate place to deliver dietary assessment and advice as part of patient management. However, we do not know whether this is effective in changing dietary behaviour. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of one-to-one dietary interventions for all ages carried out in a dental care setting in changing dietary behaviour. The effectiveness of these interventions in the subsequent changing of oral and general health is also assessed. SEARCH METHODS The following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 24 January 2012), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 1), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 24 January 2012), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 24 January 2012), CINAHL via EBSCO (1982 to 24 January 2012), PsycINFO via OVID (1967 to 24 January 2012), and Web of Science (1945 to 12 April 2011). We also undertook an electronic search of key conference proceedings (IADR and ORCA between 2000 and 13 July 2011). Reference lists of relevant articles, thesis publications (Dissertations Abstracts Online 1861 to 2011) were searched. The authors of eligible trials were contacted to identify any unpublished work. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of one-to-one dietary interventions delivered in a dental care setting. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Abstract screening, eligibility screening and data extraction decisions were all carried out independently and in duplicate by two review authors. Consensus between the two opinions was achieved by discussion, or involvement of a third review author. MAIN RESULTS Five studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Two of these were multi-intervention studies where the dietary intervention was one component of a wider programme of prevention, but where data on dietary behaviour change were reported. One of the single intervention studies was concerned with dental caries prevention. The other two concerned general health outcomes. There were no studies concerned with dietary change aimed at preventing tooth erosion. In four out of the five included studies a significant change in dietary behaviour was found for at least one of the primary outcome variables. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence that one-to-one dietary interventions in the dental setting can change behaviour, although the evidence is greater for interventions aiming to change fruit/vegetable and alcohol consumption than for those aiming to change dietary sugar consumption. There is a need for more studies, particularly in the dental practice setting, as well as greater methodological rigour in the design, statistical analysis and reporting of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Harris
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool,
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Creanor S, Creanor S, Alharthy N. A comparison of in vitro erosion-like mineral loss between continuous and intermittent acidic exposure with and without human saliva. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:703-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Excessive consumption of acidic drinks and foods contributes to tooth erosion. The aims of the present in vitro study were twofold: (1) to assess the erosive potential of different dietary substances and medications; (2) to determine the chemical properties with an impact on the erosive potential. We selected sixty agents: soft drinks, an energy drink, sports drinks, alcoholic drinks, juice, fruit, mineral water, yogurt, tea, coffee, salad dressing and medications. The erosive potential of the tested agents was quantified as the changes in surface hardness (ΔSH) of enamel specimens within the first 2 min (ΔSH2-0 = SH2 min - SHbaseline) and the second 2 min exposure (ΔSH4-2 = SH4 min - SH2 min). To characterise these agents, various chemical properties, e.g. pH, concentrations of Ca, Pi and F, titratable acidity to pH 7·0 and buffering capacity at the original pH value (β), as well as degree of saturation (pK - pI) with respect to hydroxyapatite (HAP) and fluorapatite (FAP), were determined. Erosive challenge caused a statistically significant reduction in SH for all agents except for coffee, some medications and alcoholic drinks, and non-flavoured mineral waters, teas and yogurts (P < 0·01). By multiple linear regression analysis, 52 % of the variation in ΔSH after 2 min and 61 % after 4 min immersion were explained by pH, β and concentrations of F and Ca (P < 0·05). pH was the variable with the highest impact in multiple regression and bivariate correlation analyses. Furthermore, a high bivariate correlation was also obtained between (pK - pI)HAP, (pK - pI)FAP and ΔSH.
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Wegehaupt F, Günthart N, Sener B, Attin T. Prevention of erosive/abrasive enamel wear due to orange juice modified with dietary supplements. Oral Dis 2011; 17:508-14. [PMID: 21332600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the erosive/abrasive enamel wear after contact with orange juices modified with different dietary supplements. METHODS A total of 96 bovine enamel samples were prepared and allocated to eight groups (1-8; n = 12). Samples were eroded (120 s) in 200 ml of the following eight solutions: 1: water (control), 2: orange juice, 3: water + calcium effervescent tablet, 4: orange juice + calcium effervescent tablet, 5: water + 0.75 g acid/base regulating powder (Probase), 6: water + 0.375 g Probase, 7: orange juice + 0.75 g Probase and 8: orange juice + 0.375 g Probase. After erosion, the samples were brushed with 40 brushing strokes (load 2.5 N). Enamel wear was measured using surface profilometry after 20 and 40 cycles of erosion/abrasion respectively. RESULTS Highest mean enamel wear (± SD) after 20 and 40 cycles of erosion/abrasion was observed for the unmodified orange juice (group 2) (0.605 ± 0.240 μm; 1.375 ± 0.496 μm respectively). The enamel wear in all other groups (3-8) was significantly lower (P < 0.0001 respectively) with no significant difference within these groups and compared with water (control). CONCLUSION Erosive/abrasive enamel wear induces by orange juice and tooth brushing could be reduced significantly by modification with free available dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fj Wegehaupt
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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West N, Davies M, Amaechi B. In vitro and in situ Erosion Models for Evaluating Tooth Substance Loss. Caries Res 2011; 45 Suppl 1:43-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000325945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to “toothkind” drinks and reduction of tooth demineralisation pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Studies have shown a growing trend toward increasing prevalence of dental erosion, associated with the declining prevalence of caries disease in industrialized countries. Erosion is an irreversible chemical process that results in tooth substance loss and leaves teeth susceptible to damage as a result of wear over the course of an individual's lifetime. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate prevention are essential to minimize the risk of tooth erosion. Clinical appearance is the most important sign to be used to diagnose erosion. The Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) is a simple method to fulfill this task. The determination of a variety of risk and protective factors (patient-dependent and nutrition-dependent factors) as well as their interplay are necessary to initiate preventive measures tailored to the individual. When tooth loss caused by erosive wear reaches a certain level, oral rehabilitation becomes necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH - 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Kartal A, Marvola J, Matheka J, Peltoniemi M, Sivén M. Computational prediction of local drug effect on carcinogenic acetaldehyde in the mouth based on in vitro/in vivo results of freely solublel-cysteine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:715-23. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903456519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Murrell S, Marshall TA, Moynihan PJ, Qian F, Wefel JS. Comparison of in vitro erosion potentials between beverages available in the United Kingdom and the United States. J Dent 2009; 38:284-9. [PMID: 19962418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the physiochemical properties and erosion potentials between beverages available in the UK and the US. METHODS The physiochemical properties (pH, titratable acidity and fluoride concentration) and erosion potential on enamel surfaces of beverages available in the UK were compared to similar beverages from the US. Enamel windows were exposed to beverages for 25h. Teeth were sectioned through the windows, and lesion depths were defined as the average distance between the original tooth structure and the base of demineralization. RESULTS The pH was lower in UK apple juice, orange juice, Diet Pepsi and Sprite Zero (p<0.05), and higher in UK orange soda and diet orange soda than in similar US beverages (p<0.05). Titratable acidities were higher in UK apple juice, orange juice, orange soda, diet orange soda and Sprite (p<0.01), and lower in UK Sunny D than in the US counterpart (p<0.001). Fluoride concentrations were lower in UK apple juice, orange juice, Coke, and Diet Coke, Sprite and Sprite Zero (p<0.001), and higher in UK orange soda, diet orange soda, Pepsi and Diet Pepsi than in their US counterparts (p<0.001). Lesion depths were higher in UK apple juice, orange juice, Diet Coke, Sprite and Sprite Zero than in their US counterparts (p<0.05). Lesion depths were associated with pH (p=0.010) and country of origin (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Under similar laboratory conditions, the physiochemical properties and erosion potentials on enamel surfaces differed between some, but not all, beverages available in the UK and the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Murrell
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Dental Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1010, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Wagoner SN, Marshall TA, Qian F, Wefel JS. In vitro enamel erosion associated with commercially available original-flavor and sour versions of candies. J Am Dent Assoc 2009; 140:906-13. [PMID: 19571054 PMCID: PMC2730604 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to acidic foods and beverages is thought to increase the risk of developing dental erosion. The authors hypothesized that the erosion potential of sour candies was greater than the erosion potential of original-flavor versions of the candies. METHODS The authors measured the pH and titratable acidity of candies dissolved in artificial saliva or water. They then measured the lesion depths of enamel surfaces exposed to candy slurries for 25 hours. Statistical analyses included two-sample t tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to identify differences between original-flavor and sour candies, as well as correlations to identify relationships between lesion depths, pH and titratable acidity. RESULTS The study results show that lesion depths generally were greater after exposure of enamel to sour candies than they were after exposure of enamel to original-flavor candies, as well as for candies dissolved in water compared with those dissolved in artificial saliva. Lesion depths were negatively associated with the initial slurry pH and positively associated with titratable acidity. CONCLUSIONS Both original-flavor and sour versions of candies are potentially erosive, with sour candies being of greater concern. Although saliva might protect against the erosive effects of original-flavor candies, it is much less likely to protect against the erosive effects of sour candies. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS People at risk of developing candy-associated erosion, particularly those with a high intake of candy, pocketing behaviors or decreased salivary flow, should receive preventive guidance regarding candy-consuming habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Wagoner
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
| | - Teresa A. Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
| | - Fang Qian
- Department of Dows Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
| | - James S. Wefel
- Department of Dows Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
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Abstract
SUMMARY
There is some evidence that dental erosion is steadily spreading. To diagnose erosion, dental professionals have to rely on clinical appearance, as there is no device available to detect it. Adequate preventive measures can only be initiated if the different risk factors and potential interactions between them are known. When substance loss, caused by erosive tooth wear, reaches a certain degree, oral rehabilitation becomes necessary. Prior to the most recent decade, the severely eroded dentition could only be rehabilitated by the provision of extensive crown and bridgework or removable dentures. As a result of the improvements in composite restorative materials and in adhesive techniques, it has become possible to rehabilitate eroded dentitions in a less invasive manner.
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In-situ monitoring of dental erosion in tooth enamel when exposed to soft drinks. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chunmuang S, Jitpukdeebodintra S, Chuenarrom C, Benjakul P. Effect of xylitol and fluoride on enamel erosion in vitro. J Oral Sci 2008; 49:293-7. [PMID: 18195513 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.49.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the anti-erosive effects of xylitol, fluoride and a xylitol/fluoride combination used as an additive in an acidic drink or as mouthrinse after enamel was exposed to an acidic drink, in vitro. Human third molars were divided into 7 groups (A-G). Samples from groups A to D were immersed for 5 min in orange juice only (A), orange juice plus either 25% xylitol (B), F(-) 1 ppm (C) or a 25% xylitol/F(-) 1 ppm combination (D), respectively. Samples from groups E to G were immersed in orange juice for 5 min and then in either 40% xylitol (E), F(-) 227 ppm (F) or a 40% xylitol/F(-) 227 ppm combination (G), for 1 min respectively. This process was performed four times daily for 14 days. Mineral loss was determined from the lesion depth and surface hardness. Erosion depth progressively increased in all groups, except E, where erosion depth was significantly lower than group A. Surface microhardness progressively decreased in all groups, except E, where hardness was significantly higher than group A. This study demonstrated that addition of xylitol, fluoride or a xylitol/fluoride combination to an acidic drink or post-treatment with fluoride or a xylitol/fluoride combination could reduce, but not prevent, enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Chunmuang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
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Abstract
Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition: The interplay of chemical, biological and behavioural factors is crucial and helps explain why some individuals exhibit more erosion than others. The erosive potential of erosive agents like acidic drinks or foodstuffs depends on chemical factors, e.g. pH, titratable acidity, mineral content, clearance on tooth surface and on its calcium-chelation properties. Biological factors such as saliva, acquired pellicle, tooth structure and positioning in relation to soft tissues and tongue are related to the pathogenesis of dental erosion. Furthermore, behavioural factors like eating and drinking habits, regular exercise with dehydration and decrease of salivary flow, excessive oral hygiene and, on the other side, an unhealthy lifestyle, e.g. chronic alcoholism, are predisposing factors for dental erosion. There is some evidence that dental erosion is growing steadily. To prevent further progression, it is important to detect this condition as early as possible. Dentists have to know the clinical appearance and possible signs of progression of erosive lesions and their causes such that adequate preventive and, if necessary, therapeutic measures can be initiated. The clinical examination has to be done systematically, and a comprehensive case history should be undertaken such that all risk factors will be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Hara AT, Zero DT. Analysis of the erosive potential of calcium-containing acidic beverages. Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116:60-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oshiro M, Yamaguchi K, Takamizawa T, Inage H, Watanabe T, Irokawa A, Ando S, Miyazaki M. Effect of CPP-ACP paste on tooth mineralization: an FE-SEM study. J Oral Sci 2007; 49:115-20. [PMID: 17634723 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.49.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Milk and milk products, such as cheese, have been shown to exhibit anticariogenic properties in human and animal models. CPP-ACP shows an anti-caries effect by suppressing demineralization, enhancing remineralization, or possibly a combination of both. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP paste on demineralization by observing the treated tooth surface using an FE-SEM. The specimens were prepared by cutting enamel and dentin of bovine teeth into blocks. A few specimens were stored in 0.1 M lactic acid buffer solution for 10 min and then in artificial saliva (negative control). The remaining specimens were stored in a 10 times-diluted solution of CPP-ACP paste or a placebo paste containing no CPP-ACP for 10 min, followed by 10 min immersion in a demineralizing solution (pH = 4.75, Ca) twice a day before storage in artificial saliva. After treatment of the specimens for 3, 7, 21 and 28 days, they were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer solution, dehydrated in ascending grades of tert-butyl alcohol, and then transferred to a critical-point dryer. The surfaces were coated with a thin film of Au in a vacuum evaporator, and were observed under field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The SEM observations revealed different morphological features brought about by the various storage conditions. Demineralization of the enamel and dentin surfaces was more pronounced with the longer test period in the control and negative control specimens. On the other hand, enamel and dentin specimens treated with CPP-ACP paste revealed slight changes in their morphological features. From the morphological observations of the enamel and dentin surfaces, it could be considered that the CPP-ACP paste might prevent demineralization of the tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Oshiro
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Peres KG, Armênio MF, Peres MA, Traebert J, De Lacerda JT. Dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil. Int J Paediatr Dent 2005; 15:249-55. [PMID: 16011783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2005.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental erosion among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Joaçaba, southern Brazil, and to compare prevalence between boys and girls, and between public and private school students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out involving all of the municipality's 499, 12-year-old schoolchildren. The dental erosion index proposed by O'Sullivan was used for the four maxillary incisors. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, location, distribution, and extension of affected area and severity of dental erosion. RESULTS The prevalence of dental erosion was 13.0% (95% confidence interval = 9.0-17.0). There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between boys and girls, but prevalence was higher in private schools (21.1%) than in public schools (9.7%) (P < 0.001). Labial surfaces were less often affected than palatal surfaces. Enamel loss was the most prevalent type of dental erosion (4.86 of 100 incisors). Sixty-three per cent of affected teeth showed more than a half of their surface affected. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren living in a small city in southern Brazil appears to be lower than that seen in most of epidemiological studies carried out in different parts of the world. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted in Brazil in order to measure the incidence of dental erosion and its impact on children's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Peres
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil.
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Ponduri S, Macdonald E, Addy M. A study in vitro of the combined effects of soft drinks and tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the wear of dentine. Int J Dent Hyg 2005; 3:7-12. [PMID: 16451371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2004.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure loss of dentine produced by soft drinks alone and combined with tooth brushing with and without toothpastes. Groups of flat human dentine specimens were exposed for 10 min and then 30 min to orange juice (OJ), carbonated cola (CC) or modified blackcurrant (MB) drinks alone or after the exposures brushed with a fluoride toothpaste for 10 s. Further groups were exposed to OJ as before but brushed with water or non-fluoride toothpaste or placed in slurries of fluoride paste. Five cycles of each regimen were carried out. Tissue loss was determined by profilometry. Water immersion/brushing and brushing controls were included. OJ and CC produced similar erosion and significantly more than MB. Compared with drinks alone, dentine loss was reduced by fluoride toothpaste brushing but increased by water and non-fluoride toothpaste brushing. Fluoride toothpaste slurry had no significant effect on soft drink erosion. Very little abrasion with brushing alone was recorded over the time frame of these experiments. It is concluded that fluoride toothpaste could provide protection, albeit small, against erosion. The data again support the concept of brushing before meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ponduri
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the enamel erosive potential of modified acidic soft drinks under controlled conditions in an artificial mouth. MATERIALS AND METHODS From each of 144 bovine incisors one enamel sample was prepared. Labial surfaces of the samples were ground flat, polished and covered with adhesive tape, leaving an exposed area. The samples were distributed among four (A-D) groups for treatment with A: Coca-Cola, B: Sprite; C: Sprite light, D: orange juice. Either 1.0 mmol l(-1) calcium (Ca) or a combination (comb.) of 0.5 mmol l(-1) calcium plus 0.5 mmol l(-1) phosphate plus 0.031 mmol l(-1) fluoride was added to the beverages. Samples of each group were subdivided into three subgroups (-original; -Ca and -comb.) for treatment with original and modified drinks. De- and remineralization cycles were based on a standard protocol described earlier. Surface loss of the specimens was determined using profilometry after test procedure. RESULTS In all subgroups, loss of enamel was observed. The enamel loss recorded for the samples rinsed with original Sprite and original orange juice was significantly higher compared with all other solutions (P = 0.001). Lowest enamel loss was recorded for the original Coca-Cola group (P = 0.001). With the exception of Coca-Cola, demineralization with the modified beverages led to significantly lower losses compared with the respective original solutions. CONCLUSION Modification of the test soft drinks with low concentrations of calcium or a combination of calcium, phosphate and fluoride may exert a significant protective potential with respect to dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Attin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Venables MC, Shaw L, Jeukendrup AE, Roedig-Penman A, Finke M, Newcombe RG, Parry J, Smith AJ. Erosive Effect of a New Sports Drink on Dental Enamel during Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37:39-44. [PMID: 15632665 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000150017.74892.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the potential erosive effect of a prototype carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (PCE) with a neutral control (water) and a commercially available carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (CCE) during exercise. METHODS : Nineteen healthy adults (male, N = 16; female, N = 3) took part in this single blind, three-way crossover study. Subjects were given each of the three drinks according to a randomization schedule, approximately balanced for first-order carryover effects. At the beginning of each of the three study periods, the volunteers were fitted with an intraoral appliance containing two human enamel blocks. During each study period, volunteers exercised for 75 min.d(-1) (5 repetitions of 15 min of exercise, with 5-min rests between exercise repetitions), 5 d.wk(-1) for 3 wk. Each day, drink aliquots of 200 mL were consumed during a 5-min period before exercise and after every 15-min bout of exercise, followed by a final 400-mL aliquot ingested over a 10-min period: a total of 1400 mL per study day. Dental erosion was measured as tissue loss from the enamel blocks by profilometry at the end of each study period. RESULTS Water, PCE, and CCE produced 0.138 microm (SD 0.090 microm), 0.138 microm (SD 0.038 microm), and 4.238 microm (SD 3.872 microm) of enamel loss, respectively. A Wilcoxon t statistic showed a significant statistical difference between the PCE and CCE drinks (P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference could be detected between the PCE drink and water (P = 0.740). CONCLUSION The PCE solution showed minimal erosion compared with the commercially available drink, and was statistically indistinguishable from water under the conditions of this study. Use of CE solutions formulated to minimize erosion during exercise may provide significant dental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Venables
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Hooper S, West NX, Sharif N, Smith S, North M, De'Ath J, Parker DM, Roedig-Penman A, Addy M. A comparison of enamel erosion by a new sports drink compared to two proprietary products: a controlled, crossover study in situ. J Dent 2004; 32:541-5. [PMID: 15304299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2003] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to measure the erosive potential of a prototype sports drink on enamel in a model in situ. METHODS The study was a single centre, single blind, randomised crossover design balanced for residual effects involving 18 subjects. The drinks were the prototype formulation containing calcium and maltodextrin (test), two sports drink products containing sugars (drink with calcium and positive control) and water (negative control). During each 15-day study period, subjects wore a palatal removable appliance carrying two flat human enamel specimens. Drinks were imbibed as 250 ml volumes over 10 min 4 times per day. Loss of enamel was measured on days 5, 10 and 15 using a contacting profilometer. RESULTS Very little erosion occurred with the test, drink with calcium and negative control drinks and differences between the test and negative control only reached significance at day 15. The positive control produced progressive erosion over time and significantly more than the test or negative control at all time points. CONCLUSION The technology of adding calcium with appropriate pH adjustment, which has been applied previously to soft and carbonated drinks to markedly reduce erosive potential, can be applied to sports drinks to the same end. Significant variation in the carbohydrate composition does not influence this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hooper
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Lower Maudlin Street, BS1 2LY Bristol, UK
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Barbour ME, Rees JS. The laboratory assessment of enamel erosion: a review. J Dent 2004; 32:591-602. [PMID: 15476953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Revised: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the various methods and techniques available to assess enamel erosion in vitro. DATA Peer reviewed scientific articles. SOURCES Medline and Web of Science searches and manual searching. STUDY SELECTION Laboratory based assessments only included. CONCLUSIONS A number of macroscopic and microscopic techniques have been used to assess enamel erosion in vitro and in situ. This review examines techniques which are either well established or comparatively novel techniques that are being explored for their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Barbour
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin St., Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
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