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Mo YX, Ruan ML, Wang J, Liu Y, Wu YY, Wang GL, Han YM, Wan HF, Lamesgen D, Kuča K, Deng J, Sun LH. Mitigating the adverse effects of Aflatoxin B 1 in LMH, IPEC-J2 and 3D4/21 cells by a novel integrated agent. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113907. [PMID: 37343715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the efficacy of TOXO-XL (XL), an integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent, on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced damage in Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH), porcine jejunum epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) and porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/21) cells, and to explore its potential mechanisms. The results showed that 30% inhibition concentration (IC30) of AFB1 in LMH, IPEC-J2 and 3D4/21 cells was 0.5, 15.0, and 2.5 mg/L, respectively. Notably, cell viability, ROS, apoptosis and DNA lesion induced by AFB1 (IC30) could be ameliorated by the supplementation with XL at the dosage of 0.025, 0.025 and 0.005%, respectively. Additionally, the migration and phagocytosis abilities impaired by AFB1 were also restored by XL in 3D4/21. Further experiments revealed that XL supplementation markedly attenuated AFB1-induced inflammatory response by decreasing IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in LMH, IL-6 in IPEC-J2 and IL-1β in 3D4/21 cells. Meanwhile, XL supplementation reversed the alterations of BAX, BCL-2 and caspase-3 induced by AFB1 in the three cells, suggesting that AFB1-induced apoptosis may be suppressed via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Furthermore, XL may have a protective effect on the intestinal barrier through the restoration of occludin protein. Conclusively, these findings indicated that XL could alleviate AFB1-induced cytotoxicity in the three cells, potentially through the regulation of cytokines, ROS, apoptotic and DNA damage signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Meng-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Tianjin, 300402, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition, 773811, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Guan-Lin Wang
- Trouw Nutrition, 773811, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yan-Ming Han
- Trouw Nutrition, 773811, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Hai-Feng Wan
- South Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute for Characteristic Agriculture, Hubei, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Dessalegn Lamesgen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030177. [PMID: 36977069 PMCID: PMC10052992 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the mycotoxins of greatest agroeconomic significance are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA). It has been reported that extracts from some wood-decaying mushrooms, such as Lentinula edodes and Trametes versicolor showed the ability to inhibit AFB1 or OTA biosynthesis. Therefore, in our study, a wide screening of 42 isolates of different ligninolytic mushrooms was assayed for their ability to inhibit the synthesis of OTA in Aspergillus carbonarius and AFB1 in Aspergillus flavus, in order to find a metabolite that can simultaneously inhibit both mycotoxins. The results showed that four isolates produce metabolites able to inhibit the synthesis of OTA, and 11 isolates produced metabolites that inhibited AFB1 by >50%. Two strains, the Trametes versicolor strain TV117 and the Schizophyllum commune strain S.C. Ailanto, produced metabolites able to significantly inhibit (>90%) the synthesis of both mycotoxins. Preliminary results suggest that the mechanism of efficacy of the S. commune rough and semipurified polysaccharides could be analogous to that found previously for Tramesan®, by enhancing the antioxidant response in the target fungal cells. The overall results indicate that S. commune’s polysaccharide(s) could be a potential agent(s) in biological control and/or a useful component of the integrated strategies able to control mycotoxin synthesis.
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Taranu I, Pistol GC, Anghel AC, Marin D, Bulgaru C. Yeast-Fermented Rapeseed Meal Extract Is Able to Reduce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Caused by Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharides and to Replace ZnO in Caco-2/HTX29 Co-Culture Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911640. [PMID: 36232939 PMCID: PMC9569814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The present study tested in vitro the capacity of a fermented rapeseed meal extract to reduce medicinal ZnO, which will be banned at the EU level from 2023 onwards because of its potential to cause environmental pollution and the development of Zn resistance in gut bacteria. Rapeseed meal could be an important ZnO substitute as it has antioxidant/radical scavenging properties due to its content of bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols). (2) Protein array and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis, oxidative stress production, and inflammatory and signaling-related molecules in Caco-2 and goblet HT29-MTX co-culture cells challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and treated with ZnO and FRSM. (3) LPS induced cell death (21.1% vs. 12.7% in control, p < 0.005); apoptosis (16.6%); ROS production; and overexpression of biomarkers related to inflammation (63.15% cytokines and 66.67% chemokines), oxidative stress, and signaling proteins when compared to untreated cells. ZnO was effective in counteracting the effect of LPS, and 73.68% cytokines and 91.67% of chemokines were recovered. FRSM was better at restoring normal protein expression for 78.94% of cytokines, 91.67% of chemokines, and 61.11% of signaling molecules. FRSM was able to mitigate negative effects of LPS and might be an alternative to ZnO in pig diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionelia Taranu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-213-512-241; Fax: +40-213-512-080
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4
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Bezerra LS, Magnani M, Pimentel TC, de Oliveira JCPL, Freire FMDS, de Almeida AJPO, Rezende MSDA, Gonçalves IGA, de Medeiros IA, Veras RC. Yeast carboxymethyl-glucan improves endothelial function and inhibits platelet aggregation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:5406-5415. [PMID: 35474367 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl-glucan is a semi-synthetic derivative of β-D-glucan, a polysaccharide widely found in several natural sources, such as yeast, fungi, and cereals. This compound has beneficial effects on health and is considered an important immunomodulator. However, studies exploring carboxymethyl-glucan bioactivity in cardiovascular health remain lacking, mainly in hypertension. Thus, this study sought to expand understanding of the effects of carboxymethyl-glucan on vascular and platelet functions in a hypertensive animal model. Spontaneously hypertensive rats and their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls were assigned to five groups: control, carboxymethyl-glucan (60 mg kg-1), control spontaneously hypertensive rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats carboxymethyl-glucan (20 mg kg-1), and spontaneously hypertensive rats carboxymethyl-glucan (60 mg kg-1). Animals were treated for four weeks with carboxymethyl-glucan at doses of 20 and 60 mg kg-1 orally, and control rats received saline as a placebo. Vascular reactivity, platelet aggregation, and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated at the end of treatment. The results showed that carboxymethyl-glucan improved vascular function and reduced platelet aggregation, mainly at a 60 mg kg-1 dose. However, despite these effects, there was no reduction in levels of reactive oxygen species. These findings suggested that carboxymethyl-glucan modulates endothelial function. It also acts as a platelet antiaggregant, which is an interesting resource for managing hypertension and its thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Soares Bezerra
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Arthur José Pontes Oliveira de Almeida
- Post-Graduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba - Brazil
| | - Mathania Silva de Almeida Rezende
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba - Brazil
| | | | - Isac Almeida de Medeiros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, UFPB, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba - Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba - Brazil
| | - Robson Cavalcante Veras
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, UFPB, Campus I, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba - Brazil
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Bezerra LS, Magnani M, Pimentel TC, Freire FMDS, da Silva TAF, Ramalho RC, Alves AF, de Brito Alves JL, de Medeiros IA, Veras RC. Carboxymethyl-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces blood pressure and improves baroreflex sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:8552-8560. [PMID: 34337642 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl-glucan (CMG) is a derivative of β-d-glucan extracted from Sacharomyces cerevisae. This polymer presents improved physicochemical properties and shows health benefits, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antiplatelet activities, and improved vascular function. However, studies concerning the effect of administration of CMG on the cardiovascular parameters, mainly in the field of hypertension, are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of CMG in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY) models. Normotensive and hypertensive animals received CMG at doses of 20 mg kg-1 and 60 mg kg-1 for four weeks. Then, weight gain, lipid profile, renal function, blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, baroreflex sensitivity, and sympathetic tone were evaluated. Oral administration of CMG influenced weight gain and cholesterol levels, and significantly reduced urea in the hypertensive animals. It decreased blood pressure levels and cardiac hypertrophy, improved baroreflex response, and reduced the influence of sympathetic tone. The results demonstrate the antihypertensive effect of CMG through improvement in baroreflex sensitivity via sympathetic tone modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Soares Bezerra
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB), Brazil.
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB), Brazil. and Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Laboratory of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, UFPB, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB), Brazil.
| | - Isac Almeida de Medeiros
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, UFPB, Brazil
| | - Robson Cavalcante Veras
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB), Brazil. and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, UFPB, Brazil
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DeJulius CR, Dollinger BR, Kavanaugh TE, Dailing E, Yu F, Gulati S, Miskalis A, Zhang C, Uddin J, Dikalov S, Duvall CL. Optimizing an Antioxidant TEMPO Copolymer for Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:928-941. [PMID: 33872001 PMCID: PMC8188607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is broadly implicated in chronic, inflammatory diseases because it causes protein and lipid damage, cell death, and stimulation of inflammatory signaling. Supplementation of innate antioxidant mechanisms with drugs such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic compound 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a promising strategy for reducing oxidative stress-driven pathologies. TEMPO is inexpensive to produce and has strong antioxidant activity, but it is limited as a drug due to rapid clearance from the body. It is also challenging to encapsulate into micellar nanoparticles or polymer microparticles, because it is a small, water soluble molecule that does not efficiently load into hydrophobic carrier systems. In this work, we pursued a polymeric form of TEMPO [poly(TEMPO)] to increase its molecular weight with the goal of improving in vivo bioavailability. High density of TEMPO on the poly(TEMPO) backbone limited water solubility and bioactivity of the product, a challenge that was overcome by tuning the density of TEMPO in the polymer by copolymerization with the hydrophilic monomer dimethylacrylamide (DMA). Using this strategy, we formed a series of poly(DMA-co-TEMPO) random copolymers. An optimal composition of 40 mol % TEMPO/60 mol % DMA was identified for water solubility and O2•- scavenging in vitro. In an air pouch model of acute local inflammation, the optimized copolymer outperformed both the free drug and a 100% poly(TEMPO) formulation in O2•- scavenging, retention, and reduction of TNFα levels. Additionally, the optimized copolymer reduced ROS levels after systemic injection in a footpad model of inflammation. These results demonstrate the benefit of polymerizing TEMPO for in vivo efficacy and could lead to a useful antioxidant polymer formulation for next-generation anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlisle R DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Bryan R Dollinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Eric Dailing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shubham Gulati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Angelo Miskalis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Jashim Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sergey Dikalov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Benlier N, Uçar N, Öğüt E, Çinkir HY, Yildirim M, Karadeniz PG, Akkol EK, Khan H, Saygili EI. Assessment of Antioxidant Effect of Beta-Glucan on the Whole Blood Oxidative DNA Damage with the Comet Assay in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:446-453. [PMID: 33605867 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210219145445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect of beta glucan on oxidative DNA damage by comet assay. METHODS A total of 19 adult females and males diagnosed with stage 3-4 colorectal cancer and a control group of 20 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood samples of the participants were analyzed using Comet Assay for the parameters of DNA damage. RESULTS Significantly increased DNA damage was observed in patients versus control group as indicated by greater values of tail moment, tail percent DNA and tail length. Following incubation with β-glucan, a substantial reduction was found in the aforementioned parameters of DNA damage. Comet assay revealed significant levels of endogenous DNA damage in patients as shown by remarkable increases in the tail moment, the percentage of DNA in the tail and the tail length values, in comparison with the control group. Following treatment of fresh whole blood with β-glucan incubation, DNA damages were significantly reduced but lower values were observed after β-glucan incubation in the patient group versus control group. CONCLUSION β-Glucan was found to reduce DNA damage substantially in colorectal cancer patients and show antimutagenic effects. Our results suggested that dietary β-glucan intake might be important in the genesis of colorectal cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Benlier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, SANKO University School of Medicine, 27090, Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Nilay Uçar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, SANKO University Graduate Institute of Education, 27090, Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Eda Öğüt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, SANKO University School of Medicine, 27090, Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Havva Yeşil Çinkir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, 27090, Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yildirim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Beşiktaş 34353, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Pınar Günel Karadeniz
- Department of Biostatistics, SANKO University Faculty of Medicine, 27090, Gaziantep. Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara. Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan. Pakistan
| | - Eyüp Ilker Saygili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, SANKO University Graduate Institute of Education, 27090, Gaziantep. Turkey
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Hosseini M, Sharifan A. Biological Properties of Yeast-based Mannoprotein for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:831-840. [PMID: 32819224 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200818162030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products constitute more than half of all biomolecules lately being used in clinical settings. Mannoprotein derived from the yeast cell wall has found full biotechnological applications. OBJECTIVE This study was intended to investigate the antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicological properties of Kluyveromyces marxianus mannoprotein (KM). METHODS The KM extract was obtained through a sequence of operations, including centrifugation for cell isolation, precipitation with potassium citrate/sodium metabisulfite, and recovery and purification. Its antioxidant, growth inhibition, macrophage mitogenic, and toxic activities were evaluated for its future use in the biomedical field. RESULTS Significant inhibitory effects of KM were obtained on reactive species. It showed antiproliferative activity against HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell lines with no toxic effects on HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). The in vitro model of CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary) cell lines did not show the cytotoxic and genotoxic of KM. Moreover, it enhanced macrophage activity in terms of nitric oxide (NO) production and viability. No sign of acute toxicity was found in BALB/c mice, and body weight remained unchanged in guinea pigs over three months. CONCLUSION Comprehensive biological evaluations in this study are expected to expand the potential of KM as a natural material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Currently at Diagnostic and Therapeutic Industrial Group, Khayyam Innovation Ecosystem, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anoosheh Sharifan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Cereal polysaccharides as sources of functional ingredient for reformulation of meat products: A review. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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10
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Bai J, Ren Y, Li Y, Fan M, Qian H, Wang L, Wu G, Zhang H, Qi X, Xu M, Rao Z. Physiological functionalities and mechanisms of β-glucans. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Pitkänen L, Heinonen M, Mikkonen KS. Safety considerations of plant polysaccharides for food use: a case study on phenolic-rich softwood galactoglucomannan extract. Food Funct 2018; 9:1931-1943. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing population and concern over the sufficiency of natural resources for feeding this population have motivated researchers and industries to search for alternative and complementary sources of food ingredients and additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Pitkänen
- Department of Food and Nutrition
- P.O. Box 66
- FIN-00014
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Marina Heinonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition
- P.O. Box 66
- FIN-00014
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition
- P.O. Box 66
- FIN-00014
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
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12
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Cárdenas-Reyna T, Angulo C, Guluarte C, Hori-Oshima S, Reyes-Becerril M. In vitro immunostimulatory potential of fungal β-glucans in pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:350-358. [PMID: 28888536 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to describe the immunostimulatory effects of three fungal glucans on innate immunity responses in an in vitro assays using Pacific red snapper leukocytes. First, the yield glucans obtained was higher in Aspergillus niger, follow by Aspergillus ochraceus and Alternaria botrytis (40, 20 and 10%, respectively). Structural characterization of these fungal glucans by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. The immunostimulatory activity of fungal glucans were assessed in head-kidney leukocytes at 24 h using colorimetric assays and molecular gene expression. In addition, the response against bacterial infection using Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated by flow cytometry with annexin V/propidium iodide. Leukocytes responded positively to fungal glucans where the viability was higher than 80%. Interestingly, A. niger β-glucans enhanced the phagocytic ability and capacity in head-kidney leukocytes. Immunological assays reveled an increased in nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, in fish stimulated with A. niger β-glucans. Induction of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12) were more pronounced in A. niger β-glucans leukocytes stimulated compared to other group. Finally, flow cytometry assay showed that A. botrytis and A. niger β-glucans were able to inhibit apoptosis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in the Pacific red snapper leukocytes indicating an immunostimulant potent response by fungi derived-glucans. These results strongly support the idea that fungal β-glucans can stimulate the immune mechanism in head-kidney leukocytes and that Aspergillus niger β-glucan possess immunostimulatory properties cell increasing viability, and reducing necrotic cell death caused by Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cárdenas-Reyna
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico
| | - Sawako Hori-Oshima
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico.
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13
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Fortin O, Aguilar-Uscanga B, Vu KD, Salmieri S, Lacroix M. Cancer Chemopreventive, Antiproliferative, and Superoxide Anion Scavenging Properties ofKluyveromyces marxianusandSaccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardiiCell Wall Components. Nutr Cancer 2017; 70:83-96. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1380204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Institute of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods, INRS, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Blanca Aguilar-Uscanga
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Laboratorio de Microbiología Industrial, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Khanh Dang Vu
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Institute of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods, INRS, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephane Salmieri
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Institute of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods, INRS, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Monique Lacroix
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Institute of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods, INRS, Laval, Québec, Canada
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Clinical and Physiological Perspectives of β-Glucans: The Past, Present, and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091906. [PMID: 28872611 PMCID: PMC5618555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are a group of biologically-active fibers or polysaccharides from natural sources with proven medical significance. β-Glucans are known to have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and immunomodulating activities. β-Glucans are natural bioactive compounds and can be taken orally, as a food supplement, or as part of a daily diet, and are considered safe to use. The medical significance and efficiency of β-glucans are confirmed in vitro, as well as using animal- and human-based clinical studies. However, systematic study on the clinical and physiological significance of β-glucans is scarce. In this review, we not only discuss the clinical and physiological importance of β-glucans, we also compare their biological activities through the existing in vitro and animal-based in vivo studies. This review provides extensive data on the clinical study of β-glucans.
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15
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Abstract
The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate whether a series of dyes are covered by the ‘Guidance on methodological principles and scientific methods to be taken into account when establishing Reference Points for Action (RPAs) for non‐allowed pharmacologically active substances present in food of animal origin’ and to which group they should be attributed according to this guidance. Although these substances are not registered for use in food‐producing animals in the European Union, they may be used illegally in aquaculture for their antimicrobial properties. It was concluded that acriflavine, 3‐aminoacridine, aminoacridine, basic blue 7, brilliant green, leucobrilliant green, C.I. basic blue 26, chloranil, crystal violet, leucocrystal violet, dichlone, ethyl violet, methylene blue, new methylene blue, Nile blue, pararosaniline base, proflavine, proflavine hydrochloride, rhodamine 6G and trypan red are covered by the guidance document and belong to group I. A toxicological screening value of 0.0025 μg/kg body weight per day is applicable. Azure blue and potassium permanganate were excluded from the evaluation due to their inorganic nature.
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Izquierdo-Vega JA, Morales-González JA, SánchezGutiérrez M, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Sosa-Delgado SM, Sumaya-Martínez MT, Morales-González Á, Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Madrigal-Santillán E. Evidence of Some Natural Products with Antigenotoxic Effects. Part 1: Fruits and Polysaccharides. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020102. [PMID: 28157162 PMCID: PMC5331533 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The agents capable of causing damage to genetic material are known as genotoxins and, according to their mode of action, are classified into mutagens, carcinogens or teratogens. Genotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic degenerative diseases including hepatic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, chronic inflammation and ageing. In recent decades, researchers have found novel bioactive phytocompounds able to counteract the effects of physical and chemical mutagens. Several studies have shown potential antigenotoxicity in a variety of fruits. In this review (Part 1), we present an overview of research conducted on some fruits (grapefruit, cranberries, pomegranate, guava, pineapple, and mango) which are frequentl consumed by humans, as well as the analysis of some phytochemicals extracted from fruits and yeasts which have demonstrated antigenotoxic capacity in various tests, including the Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - Manuel SánchezGutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Sara M Sosa-Delgado
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - María Teresa Sumaya-Martínez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo. Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Tepic 28000, Nayarit, México.
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad A. López Mateos, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Muscular, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Av. México-Xochimilco. Col., Arenal de Guadalupe, México D.F. 14389, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Unidad A. López-Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Lindavista, México D.F. 07738, México.
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, México D.F. 11340, México.
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17
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In vitro protective effects of botryosphaeran, a (1→3;1→6)-β-d-glucan, against mutagens in normal and tumor rodent cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 814:29-36. [PMID: 28137365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Botryosphaeran (BOT) is an exocellular β-d-glucan (carbohydrate biopolymer) of the (1→3;1→6)-linked type produced by Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05. The cytotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and protective effects of this substance were evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) and rat hepatocarcinoma cells (HTC) by the micronucleus test (MN) and the comet assay. BOT was not genotoxic in either cell line; it decreased the clastogenic effects of doxorubicin, H2O2, and benzo[a]pyrene. These results indicate that BOT may have potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Alhasnawi AN, Zain CRCM, Kadhimi AA, Isahakb A, Mohamad A, Ashraf MF, Yusoff WMW. Applications of polysaccharides (β-glucan) for physiological and biochemical parameters for evaluation rice tolerance under salinity stress at seedling stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-016-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Zhu Y, Mahaney J, Jellison J, Cao J, Gressler J, Hoffmeister D, Goodell B. Fungal variegatic acid and extracellular polysaccharides promote the site-specific generation of reactive oxygen species. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 44:329-338. [PMID: 28032229 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the role of variegatic acid (VA) in fungal attack by Serpula lacrymans, and also the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the fungus. VA promotes a mediated Fenton reaction to generated ROS after oxalate solubilizes oxidized forms of iron. The fungal extracellular matrix (ECM) β-glucan scavenged ROS, and we propose this as a mechanism to protect the fungal hyphae while ROS generation is promoted to deconstruct the lignocellulose cell wall. A relatively high pH (4.4) also favored Fe(III) transfer from oxalate to VA as opposed to a lower pH (2.2) conditions, suggesting a pH-dependent Fe(III) transfer to VA employed by S. lacrymans. This permits ROS generation within the higher pH of the cell wall, while limiting ROS production near the fungal hyphae, while β-glucan from the fungal ECM scavenges ROS in the more acidic environments surrounding the fungal hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James Mahaney
- Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jody Jellison
- Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, 319 Stockbridge Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jinzhen Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| | - Julia Gressler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Barry Goodell
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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20
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Urt-Filho A, Oliveira RJ, Hermeto LC, Pesarini JR, David ND, Cantero WDB, Falcão G, Marks G, Antoniolli-Silva ACMB. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy promotes the improvement and recovery of renal function in a preclinical model. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:290-9. [PMID: 27275667 PMCID: PMC4910560 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) is an extremely important public health issue in need of
novel therapies. The present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of mesenchymal stem
cell (MSC) therapy to promote the improvement and recovery of renal function in a
preclinical model. Wistar rats were used as the experimental model, and our results
show that cisplatin (5mg/kg) can efficiently induce ARF, as measured by changes in
biochemical (urea and creatinine) and histological parameters. MSC therapy performed
24h after the administration of chemotherapy resulted in normalized plasma urea and
creatinine levels 30 and 45d after the onset of kidney disease. Furthermore, MSC
therapy significantly reduced histological changes (intratubular cast formation in
protein overload nephropathy and tubular hydropic degeneration) in this ARF model.
Thus, considering that current therapies for ARF are merely palliative and that MSC
therapy can promote the improvement and recovery of renal function in this model
system, we suggest that innovative/alternative therapies involving MSCs should be
considered for clinical studies in humans to treat ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Urt-Filho
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Hospital Universitário "Maria Aparecida Pedrossian", Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Hospital Universitário "Maria Aparecida Pedrossian", Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Correa Hermeto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrária e Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - João Renato Pesarini
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Hospital Universitário "Maria Aparecida Pedrossian", Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Natan de David
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Hospital Universitário "Maria Aparecida Pedrossian", Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Wilson de Barros Cantero
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Hospital Universitário "Maria Aparecida Pedrossian", Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Falcão
- Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Guido Marks
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Andréia Conceição Milan Brochado Antoniolli-Silva
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Hospital Universitário "Maria Aparecida Pedrossian", Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Cuong DV, Kim HK, Marquez J, Kim N, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Han J. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibition attenuates mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell degranulation induced by beta-1,3-glucan. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:213-20. [PMID: 26937218 PMCID: PMC4770112 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are primary mediators of allergic inflammation. Beta-1,3-glucan (BG) protects against infection and shock by activating immune cells. Activation of the BG receptor induces an increase in intracellular Ca2+, which may induce exocytosis. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying BG activation of immune cells and the possible role of mitochondria in this process. The present study examined whether BG induced mast cell degranulation, and evaluated the role of calcium transients during mast cell activation. Our investigation focused on the role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in BG-induced degranulation. Black mouse (C57) bone marrow-derived mast cells were stimulated with 0.5 µg/ml BG, 100 µg/ml peptidoglycan (PGN), or 10 µM A23187 (calcium ionophore), and dynamic changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium and membrane potential were monitored. BG-induced mast cell degranulation occurred in a time-dependent manner, and was significantly reduced under calcium-free conditions. Ruthenium red, a mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter blocker, significantly reduced mast cell degranulation induced by BG, PGN, and A23187. These results suggest that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter has an important regulatory role in BG-induced mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Van Cuong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jubert Marquez
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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22
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Oral Intake of Carboxymethyl-Glucan (CM-G) from Yeast (Saccharomyces uvarum) Reduces Malondialdehyde Levels in Healthy Men. Molecules 2015; 20:14950-8. [PMID: 26287149 PMCID: PMC6332209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl-glucan (CM-G) is a water-soluble derivative of β(1→3)(1→6) glucan, a well-known immunostimulant and antioxidant compound. In this experimental, randomized and placebo-controlled study, the effects of oral CM-G intake over a 60-day period on the peripheral blood, cholesterol, glycemic index and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of healthy men was assessed. The CM-G was obtained from spent brewer’s yeast (S. uvarum) with DS 0.8 and molecular weight of 2.2 × 105 Da. Following CM-G administration, no changes were observed in red and white blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelet counts, or in cholesterol and glycemic indices. After 30 days of CM-G administration, the MDA levels decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in men receiving CM-G. The results showed for the first time that CM-G may act as an adjuvant in preventing oxidative damage in healthy humans.
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23
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Baranoski A, Tempesta Oliveira M, Semprebon SC, Niwa AM, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Effects of sulfated and non-sulfated β-glucan extracted from Agaricus brasiliensis in breast adenocarcinoma cells – MCF-7. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:672-9. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1043762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrivanio Baranoski
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil and
| | | | | | - Andressa Megumi Niwa
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil and
| | - Lúcia Regina Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jantova S, Bakos D, Birosova L, Matejov P. Biological properties of a novel coladerm-beta glucan membrane.In vitro assessment using human fibroblasts. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159:67-76. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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25
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Zimmermann CEP, Cruz IBM, Cadoná FC, Machado AK, Assmann C, Schlemmer KB, Zanette RA, Leal DBR, Santurio JM. Cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans against aflatoxin B₁-induced DNA damage in broiler chicken lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:538-43. [PMID: 25615424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-glucan presents beneficial effects on the immune system, although the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect remain poorly understood. The potential cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of β-glucans were evaluated in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and/or β-glucans. AFB₁ significantly decreased cell viability at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml at 72 h of incubation (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the AFB₁ concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 μg/ml increased DNA fragmentation levels at 24 h (p<0.001). Conversely, lymphocyte death was prevented by β-glucans at the concentrations of 1% and 10%, indicating a cytoprotective effect. Reactive oxygen species levels were increased in the cells treated with 20 μg/ml AFB₁ at 24 h (p<0.05) and 10% β-glucans with or without AFB₁ at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation (p<0.001). DNA damage increased by more than 100% in AFB₁-treated lymphocytes when compared to control group. β-glucans at 1% was able to fully revert the AFB₁-induced lymphocyte DNA damage, indicating a genoprotective effect and maintaining DNA integrity. In conclusion, β-glucans showed in vitro dose-dependent cytoprotective and genoprotective effects in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to AFB₁.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E P Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - I B M Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - F C Cadoná
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A K Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C Assmann
- Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - K B Schlemmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D B R Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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26
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Petrova YS, Bukharova AV, Neudachina LK, Adamova LV, Koryakova OV, Pestov AV. Chemical properties of N-2-Sulfoethylchitosan with a medium degree of substitution. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vetvicka V. Effects of β-glucan on some environmental toxins: An overview. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 158:1-4. [PMID: 24399292 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides and constituents of the cell wall of certain pathogenic bacteria and fungi. They have proven healing and immunostimulating properties, linked to enhanced macrophage and natural killer cell function which likely involves specific interaction with several cell surface receptors, such as lactosylceramide, selected scavenger receptors, and dectin-1 (betaGR). In particular, glucan reduces the immunosuppressive effects of a number of agents including chemo therapy and radiation. More recent studies suggest a positive function for glucan in the immunosuppression caused by toxic agents in the environment. AIM An overview of the effects of glucan on the mycotoxin, aflotoxin and other environmental toxins (mercury-thimerosal, depleted uranium). CONCLUSION Glucan is effective as a natural immunomodulator and could be used as an inexpensive solution to reducing the adverse effects of some environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, 511 S. Floyd, MDR Bldg., Rm. 224, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Oliveira RJ, Salles MJS, da Silva AF, Kanno TYN, Lourenço ACDS, Leite VDS, Matiazi HJ, Pesarini JR, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. In vivo evaluation of the antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of β-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in acute treatment with multiple doses. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:413-24. [PMID: 24130450 PMCID: PMC3795161 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence suggests that cancer is triggered by mutagenic damage and diets or supplements capable of reducing such incidences can be related to the prevention of neoplasy development or to an improvement in life quality of patients who undergo chemotherapy. This research aimed to evaluate the antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activity of β-glucan. We set up 8 experimental groups: control (Group 1), cyclophosphamide (Group 2), Groups 3–5 to assess the effect of β-glucan administration, and Groups 6–8 to evaluate the association between cyclophosphamide and β-glucan. The intraperitonial concentrations of β-glucan used were 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg. Micronucleus and comet assays showed that within the first week of treatment β-glucan presented a damage reduction rate between 100–62.04% and 94.34–59.52% for mutagenic and genotoxic damages, respectively. This activity decreased as the treatment was extended. During the sixth week of treatment antimutagenicity rates were reduced to 59.51–39.83% and antigenotoxicity was not effective. This leads to the conclusion that the efficacy of β-glucan in preventing DNA damage is limited when treatment is extended, and that its use as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant need to be better clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos em Célula Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde em Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil . ; Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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29
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Oliveira RJ, Pesarini JR, Sparça Salles MJ, Nakamura Kanno TY, Dos Santos Lourenço AC, da Silva Leite V, da Silva AF, Matiazi HJ, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Effects of β-glucan polysaccharide revealed by the dominant lethal assay and micronucleus assays, and reproductive performance of male mice exposed to cyclophosphamide. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 37:111-9. [PMID: 24688298 PMCID: PMC3958317 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a well-known polysaccharide for its chemopreventive effect. This study aimed to evaluate the chemopreventive ability of β-glucan in somatic and germ cells through the dominant lethal and micronucleus assays, and its influence on the reproductive performance of male mice exposed to cyclophosphamide. The results indicate that β-glucan is capable of preventing changes in DNA in both germ cells and somatic ones. Changes in germ cells were evaluated by the dominant lethal assay and showed damage reduction percentages of 46.46% and 43.79% for the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg. For the somatic changes, evaluated by micronucleus assay in peripheral blood cells in the first week of treatment, damage reduction percentages from 80.63–116.32% were found. In the fifth and sixth weeks, the percentage ranged from 10.20–52.54% and −0.95–62.35%, respectively. Besides the chemopreventive efficiency it appears that the β-glucan, when combined with cyclophosphamide, is able to improve the reproductive performance of males verified by the significant reduction in rates of post-implantation losses and reabsorption in the mating of nulliparous females with males treated with cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos em Célula Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde em Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil . ; Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - João Renato Pesarini
- Centro de Estudos em Célula Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica, Núcleo de Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde em Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Véssia da Silva Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Hevenilton José Matiazi
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Alimentos e Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Regina Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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30
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Silva AD, Sartori D, Macedo F, Ribeiro L, Fungaro M, Mantovani M. Effects of β-glucan extracted from Agaricus blazei on the expression of ERCC5, CASP9, and CYP1A1 genes and metabolic profile in HepG2 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:647-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112468173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-glucan has biological properties that stimulate the immune system and can prevent chronic pathologies, including cancer. It has been shown to prevent damage to DNA caused by the chemical and physical agents to which humans are exposed. However, the mechanism of β-glucan remains poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to verify the protective effect of β-glucan on the expression of the genes ERCC5 (involved in excision repair of DNA damage), CASP9 (involved in apoptosis), and CYP1A1 (involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics) using real-time polymerase chain reaction and perform metabolic profile measurements on the HepG2 cells. Cells were exposed to only benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), β-glucan, or a combination of B[a]P with β-glucan. The results demonstrated that 50 µg/mL β-glucan significantly repressed the expression of the ERCC5 gene when compared with the untreated control cells in these conditions. No change was found in the CASP9 transcript level. However, the CYP1A1 gene expression was also induced by HepG2 cells exposed to B[a]P only or in association with β-glucan, showing its effective protector against damage caused by B[a]P, while HepG2 cells exposed to only β-glucan did not show CYP1A1 modulation. The metabolic profiles showed moderate bioenergetic metabolism with an increase in the metabolites involved in bioenergetic metabolism (alanine, glutamate, creatine and phosphocholine) in cells treated with β-glucan and to a lesser extent treated with B[a]P. Thus, these results demonstrate that the chemopreventive activity of β-glucan may modulate bioenergetic metabolism and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Sartori
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - F.C. Macedo
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - L.R. Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Ding J, Wang Y, Xiong S, Zhao S, Huang Q. Optimised methodology for carboxymethylation of (1→3)-β-d-glucan from Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and promotion of mechanical activation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhou Ding
- College of Food Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan; 430070; China
| | - Yufang Wang
- College of Food Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan; 430070; China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan; 430070; China
| | - Siming Zhao
- College of Food Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan; 430070; China
| | - Qilin Huang
- College of Food Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan; 430070; China
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32
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da Silva AF, Oliveira RJ, Niwa AM, D'Epiro GFR, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Anticlastogenic effect of β-glucan, extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on cultured cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:41-8. [PMID: 22684537 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is an important polysaccharide due to its medicinal properties of stimulating the immune system and preventing chronic diseases such as cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the anticlastogenic effect of β-glucan in cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV). Chromosome aberration assay was performed in drug-metabolizing cells (HTC) and non drug-metabolizing cells (CHO-K1 and repair-deficient CHO-xrs5), using different treatment protocols. Continuous treatment (UV + β-glucan) was not effective in reducing the DNA damage only in CHO-xrs5 cells. However, the pre-treatment protocol (β-glucan before UV exposition) was effective in reducing DNA damage only in CHO-K1 cells. In post-treatment (β-glucan after UV exposition) did not show significative anticlastogenic effects, although there was a tendency toward prevention. The data suggest that β-glucan has more than one action mechanism, being capable of exerting desmutagenic as well as bio-antimutagenic action. The findings also suggest that the presence of the xenobiotic metabolizing system can reduce the chemopreventive capacity of β-glucan. Therefore, these results indicate that β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used in the prevention and/or reduction of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Fernanda da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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33
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Matur E, Ergul E, Akyazi I, Eraslan E, Inal G, Bilgic S, Demircan H. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract on haematological parameters, immune function and the antioxidant defence system in breeder hens fed aflatoxin contaminated diets. Br Poult Sci 2012; 52:541-50. [PMID: 22029780 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.617726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract (SC) on haematological parameters, immune function, and the antioxidant defence system in breeder hens fed a diet contaminated with low level aflatoxin (AF). Forty-eight Ross 308 breeder hens were fed on diets containing AF (0 or 100 µg/kg) and SC (0 or 1 g/kg) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts, differential leucocyte counts, blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD5+ T cell ratios, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of heterophils, plasma and liver catalase activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and ascorbic acid concentrations were measured. 3. Plasma and liver MDA concentrations increased (P < 0·05), liver catalase activity decreased (P < 0·05) and total WBC count tended to decrease (P = 0·082) in hens fed the contaminated diet. WBC count, monocyte percentage, phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of heterophils increased (P < 0·05), and plasma MDA concentration tended to decrease (P = 0.088) in SC extract supplemented hens. There was a significant interaction between AF and SC on heterophil, lymphocyte, CD5+ cell percentages, and plasma catalase activity. Blood heterophil percentage decreased but lymphocyte percentage increased in hens fed on the AF contaminated diet without SC supplementation. SC supplementation counteracted the negative effect of AF on heterophils and lymphocytes. The CD5+ cell percentage decreased in unsupplemented hens fed the AF contaminated diet and this negative effect was minimised in SC supplemented hens. Plasma catalase activity increased in SC supplemented hens fed the uncontaminated diet whereas the effect of SC decreased in hens fed the AF contaminated diet. 4. The SC reduced some of the some adverse effects of AF, and improved functions of the non-specific immune system. Therefore, the SC extract which has been used for improving productive performance in birds and mammals may also be useful for modulating some of the effects of a low level, chronic dosage of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matur
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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34
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Laugier OB, Spasić SD, Mandić V, Jakovljević D, Vrvić MM. The effects of repetitive alkaline/acid extractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall on antioxidative and bifidogenic efficacy. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Wong VW, Rustad KC, Glotzbach JP, Sorkin M, Inayathullah M, Major MR, Longaker MT, Rajadas J, Gurtner GC. Pullulan hydrogels improve mesenchymal stem cell delivery into high-oxidative-stress wounds. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1458-66. [PMID: 21994074 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for wound repair are limited by inefficient delivery systems that fail to protect cells from the acute inflammatory environment. Here, a biomimetic hydrogel system is described that is based on the polymer pullulan, a carbohydrate glucan known to exhibit potent antioxidant capabilities. It is shown that pullulan hydrogels are an effective cell delivery system and improve mesenchymal stem cell survival and engraftment in high-oxidative-stress environments. The results suggest that glucan hydrogel systems may prove beneficial for progenitor-cell-based approaches to skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Wong
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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36
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Reverberi M, Zjalic S, Ricelli A, Di Meo C, Scarpari M, Fanelli C, Fabbri A. Mushrooms versus fungi: natural compounds from Lentinula edodes inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus parasiticus. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the strategies routinely adopted to limit production of carcinogenic aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus in foods and feeds can be quite effective, they are often neither environmentally friendly, nor non-toxic for end users. Polysaccharides and glycoproteins, particularly β-glucans from the basidiomycete Lentinula edodes, already known for their health-promoting effects on animals and humans, have previously demonstrated the ability to inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis by stimulating the antioxidant defences of the toxigenic fungus. Here the results of a study regarding the influence on polysaccharide production by L. edodes of oxidative stress induced using paraquat (PQ) treatment are reported. Paraquat 0.5 and 1 mM resulted in an enhancement of the expression of the β-glucan synthase gene Lefks1 and a consequent stimulating effect (about 30-35%) on β-glucans production. Moreover, oxidative-stress (PQ) induced polysaccharides have a higher aflatoxin inhibiting capacity in two different strains of A. parasiticus in comparison with non-induced polysaccharides. This more efficient inhibition might be explained by a higher content of β-glucans because 1H-NMR analysis revealed no obvious qualitative differences between PQ-induced and non-induced polysaccharides. The results obtained show promise for improving the quantity and efficiency of L. edodes extracts in order to achieve enhanced control over aflatoxin biosynthesis in foods and feeds using health-promoting and environmentally-friendly compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, L. go Cristina di Svezia 24, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Zjalic
- Department of Mediterranean Agriculture and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, M. Pavlinovica bb, 23 000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - A. Ricelli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Scarpari
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, L. go Cristina di Svezia 24, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, L. go Cristina di Svezia 24, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Fabbri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, L. go Cristina di Svezia 24, 00165 Rome, Italy
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37
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Ishii PL, Prado CK, Mauro MDO, Carreira CM, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro LR, Dichi JB, Oliveira RJ. Evaluation of Agaricus blazei in vivo for antigenotoxic, anticarcinogenic, phagocytic and immunomodulatory activities. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:412-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Magnani M, Castro-Gomez RJH, Mori MP, Kuasne H, Gregório EP, Libos F, de Syllos Cólus IM. Protective effect of carboxymethyl-glucan (CM-G) against DNA damage in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:131-5. [PMID: 21637556 PMCID: PMC3085359 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl-glucan (CM-G) is a soluble derivative from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-D-glucan. The protective efficiency of CM-G against DNA damage in cells from patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), was evaluated. DNA damage scores were obtained by the comet assay, both before and after treatment with CM-G. The reduction in DNA damage, ranging from 18% to 87%, with an average of 59%, was not related to the increased number of leukocytes in peripheral blood. The results demonstrate for the first time the protective effect of CM-G against DNA damage in patients with advanced PCa. Among smokers, three presented the highest reduction in DNA damage after treatment with CM-G. There was no observable relationship between DNA damage scores before and after treatment, and age, alcoholism and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciane Magnani
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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39
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Slamenová D, Kováciková I, Horváthová E, Wsólová L, Navarová J. Carboxymethyl chitin-glucan (CM-CG) protects human HepG2 and HeLa cells against oxidative DNA lesions and stimulates DNA repair of lesions induced by alkylating agents. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1986-92. [PMID: 20736057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A large number of functional foods, including those that contain β-d-glucans, have been shown to prevent human DNA against genotoxic effects and associated development of cancer and other chronic diseases. In this paper, carboxymethyl chitin-glucan (CM-CG) isolated from Aspergillus niger was investigated from two standpoints: (1) DNA-protective effects against oxidative DNA damage induced by H(2)O(2) and alkylating DNA damage induced by MMS and MNNG, and (2) a potential effect on rejoining of MMS- and MNNG-induced single strand DNA breaks. The results obtained by the comet assay in human cells cultured in vitro showed that CM-CG reduced significantly the level of oxidative DNA lesions induced by H(2)O(2) but did not change the level of alkylating DNA lesions induced by MMS or MNNG. On the other side, the efficiency of DNA-rejoining of single strand DNA breaks induced by MMS and MNNG was significantly higher in HepG2 cells pre-treated with CM-CG. The antioxidative activity of carboxymethyl chitin-glucan was confirmed by the DPPH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Slamenová
- Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 833 91 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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40
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Pourahmad J, Shaki F, Tanbakosazan F, Ghalandari R, Ettehadi HA, Dahaghin E. Protective effects of fungal β-(1→3)-D-glucan against oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by depleted uranium in isolated rat hepatocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:173-81. [PMID: 20522489 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110372643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports suggested that certain carbohydrate polymers, such as β-(1→3)-D-glucan, may possess free radical scavenging activity. The present study examined the free radical scavenging activity of a carbohydrate polymer, β-(1→3)-D-glucan against oxidative stress induced by depleted uranium in isolated rat hepatocytes. Addition of U (VI) (uranyl acetate) to isolated rat hepatocytes results in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, rapid glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and lysosomal membrane rupture before hepatocyte lysis occurred. Our results showed that quite similar to silymarin, which is a known antioxidant and radical scavenger, tiny concentration of β-glucan (138 nM) very successfully protected the hepatocytes against cell lysis and all oxidative stress cytotoxicity endpoints caused by depleted uranium including ROS formation, glutathione depletion, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, lysosomal membrane rupture and caspase 3 activity increase. In conclusion, our results confirmed the antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of β-(1→3)-D-glucan and suggested this compound and silymarin as possible drug candidates for prophylaxis and treatment against depleted uranium toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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41
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Angeli JPF, Ribeiro LR, Camelini CM, de Mendonça MM, Mantovani MS. Evaluation of the antigenotoxicity of polysaccharides and β-glucans from Agaricus blazei, a model study with the single cell gel electrophoresis/Hep G2 assay. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Optimized methodology for extraction of (1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-d-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the corresponding carboxymethyl derivative. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Dergunova MA, Alexeenko TV, Zhanaeva SY, Filyushina EE, Buzueva II, Kolesnikova OP, Kogan G, Korolenko TA. Characterization of the novel chemically modified fungal polysaccharides as the macrophage stimulators. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:729-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Oliveira RJ, Salles MJS, Silva AFD, Kanno TYN, Lourenço ACDS, Freiria GA, Matiazi HJ, Ribeiro LR, Mantovani MS. Effects of the polysaccharide β-glucan on clastogenicity and teratogenicity caused by acute exposure to cyclophosphamide in mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 53:164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Antimutagenic activity and radical scavenging activity of water infusions and phenolics from ligustrum plants leaves. Molecules 2009; 14:509-18. [PMID: 19169198 PMCID: PMC6253942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water infusions of Ligustrum delavayanum and Ligustrum vulgare leaves and eight phenolics isolated therefrom have been assayed in vitro on ofloxacin-induced genotoxicity in the unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis. The tested compounds luteolin, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, luteolin-7-rutinoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, apigenin-7-rutinoside, tyrosol and esculetin inhibited the mutagenic activity of ofloxacin (43 microM) in E. gracilis. Water infusions from leaves of L. delavayanum and L. vulgare showed higher antimutagenic effect (p(t) < 0.001). The activity of these samples against ofloxacin (86 microM)-induced genotoxicity was lower, but statistically significant (p(t) < 0.05), excluding the water infusion of L. delavayanum leaves (p(t) < 0.01). Efficacy of quercetin, luteolin-7-rutinoside, apigenin-7-rutinoside was insignificant. The antimutagenic effect of most phenolics we studied could be clearly ascribed to their DPPH scavenging activity, substitution patterns and lipophilicity.
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Angeli JPF, Ribeiro LR, Angeli JLF, Mantovani MS. Protective effects of beta-glucan extracted from barley against benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage in hepatic cell HepG2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 61:83-9. [PMID: 18583117 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effect of beta-glucan (BG) extracted from barley. The genotoxicity of BG was tested in the single-cell gel electrophoresis assays (SCGE)/HepG2 test system. Moreover, the protective effects of BG against the genotoxicity of B[a]P were studied to delineate its mechanism of antigenotoxicity using four different treatment protocols - pre-treatment, simultaneous simple, simultaneous with pre-incubation, and post-treatment. The results showed that the compound itself was devoid of mutagenic activity at the three lower concentrations studied (1, 5, and 25microg/mL); however, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were seen at 100 and 200microg/mL, respectively. In combination experiments with B[a]P, pronounced inhibition of DNA migration in the SCGE assay was observed in the two simultaneous treatments, and a smaller reduction was observed in the two other treatments. Thus, the data suggest that BG acts through binding to the genotoxic compound or capturing free radicals produced during its activation. However, the protective effects observed with pre-treatment and post-treatment suggest that the BG may be modulating cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro F Angeli
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, PR, Brazil
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Ebringerová A, Hromádková Z, Hríbalová V, Xu C, Holmbom B, Sundberg A, Willför S. Norway spruce galactoglucomannans exhibiting immunomodulating and radical-scavenging activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2008; 42:1-5. [PMID: 17881047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wood-derived naturally acetylated galactoglucomannans (AcGGM) can be recovered even in ton-scale at mechanical pulp mills using spruce as raw material. These cell wall polysaccharides have a great potential as hydrocolloids and bioactive polymers in food and pharmaceutical applications, or as starting material for production of functional polymers. The immunostimulatory activity of both AcGGM and its deacetylated form (GGM) was now in vitro tested. The biological response of both AcGGM and GGM in the lymphocyte transformation test was dose-dependent. The direct mitogenic as well as comitogenic activities of the AcGGM were comparable to those of the immunogenic corn cob xylan used as control, and GGM showed significantly higher biological responses also at lower doses. In contrast to GGM, AcGGM possessed also DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The results suggested that the spruce AcGGM and GGM are potentially important as additives with immuno-potentiating and antioxidant properties in food products and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ebringerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Schronerová K, Babincová M, Machová E, Kogan G. Carboxymethylated (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan protects liposomes against ultraviolet light-induced lipid peroxidation. J Med Food 2007; 10:189-93. [PMID: 17472486 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have analyzed antioxidant capabilities of the carboxymethylated (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan (M(w) = 5.88 x 10(5)) against lipid peroxidation induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation--UVA (320-400 nm), which is known to produce mainly singlet oxygen, (1)O(2) . Lipid peroxidation was monitored by measuring the absorption spectra of the conjugated dienes and quantified by Klein oxidation index. The results imply that the (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan derivative studied is an antioxidant with the scavenging ability lying between alpha-tocopherol and hyaluronic acid. Thus, glucan as a potential safe and effective dietary supplement may be used for a prolonged time for a systemic photoprotection of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schronerová
- Department of Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mantovani MS, Bellini MF, Angeli JPF, Oliveira RJ, Silva AF, Ribeiro LR. beta-Glucans in promoting health: prevention against mutation and cancer. Mutat Res 2007; 658:154-61. [PMID: 17827055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharides beta-glucans occur as a principal component of the cellular walls. Some microorganisms, such as yeast and mushrooms, and also cereals such as oats and barley, are of economic interest because they contain large amounts of beta-glucans. These substances stimulate the immune system, modulating humoral and cellular immunity, and thereby have beneficial effect in fighting infections (bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic). beta-Glucans also exhibit hypocholesterolemic and anticoagulant properties. Recently, they have been demonstrated to be anti-cytotoxic, antimutagenic and anti-tumorogenic, making them promising candidate as pharmacological promoters of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário S Mantovani
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Lee HS, Lee DH. Relationship Among Body Mass Index, Nutrient Intake and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Postmenopausal Women. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2007.12.2.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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