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Nesnow S, Davis C, Desai D, Amin S. Evaluation of Benzo[c]Chrysene Dihydrodiols in the Morphological Cell Transformation of Mouse Embryo Fibroblast C3H10T1/2CL8 Cells. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/10406630008028534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Choi MJ, Lee JW, Lee BM. Comparative assessment of DNA adduct formation, Salmonella mutagenicity, and chromosome aberration assays as short-term tests for DNA damage. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1996; 49:271-84. [PMID: 8876654 DOI: 10.1080/00984108.1996.11667601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA adduct formation assay (DAFA) was carried out to compare dose responses with the Ames test and chromosomal aberration test using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). In the bacterial mutation test, AFB1 and BaP (0-1 microgram/plate) were all positive in TA97a and TA100 with dose-related revertants. However, the slopes of the dose-response curves were gradual (slope 0.55-3.73, r = .84-.98). In the chromosome aberration test, a significant increase in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations was obtained from male ICR mouse spleen cells treated with AFB1 and BaP, but a dose-related increase was insensitive (slope 0.09-0.23, r = .75-.78). The incidence of chromosomally aberrant spleen cells treated with BaP was significantly increased compared with AFB1. DAFA was performed in vitro with [3H]-AFB1 and [3H]BaP. These two carcinogens were able to induce genotoxicity and showed good dose-related increases in terms of DNA adduct formation (slope 0.78-1.28, r = 1.00). Coefficients of variation (CV) for the slope of each dose-response curve were much lower in DAFA in vitro (CV 15.09- 18.34%) than those in any other test (CV 19.69-99.33%, Ames test; 18.89-44.58%, chromosome aberration test). Furthermore, DAFA in vivo was performed to investigate organotropic DNA adduct formation and persistence in Sprague-Dawley rats ip or orally treated with AFB1 and BaP. DNA adducts were monitored for 48-96 h by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using corresponding monoclonal antibodies, 6A10 and 8E11. DAFA in vivo demonstrated that the liver and kidney might be the probable target organs for AFB1 with the highest formation and persistence of DNA adducts and the lung and liver for BaP regardless of the route of administration. The results suggest that DAFA in vitro could be useful for detecting genotoxic compounds, and DAFA in vivo should also be considered as a good alternative method for the screening of organ-specific chemical carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sung Kyun Kwan University, South Korea
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Ralston SL, Lau HHS, Seidel A, Luch A, Platt KL, Baird WM. Identification of Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-DNA Adducts Formed in Cells in Culture and in Mouse Skin. Polycycl Aromat Compd 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639408031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MacLeod MC, Adair G, Daylong A, Lew L, Humphrey RM. Low absolute mutagenic efficiency but high cytotoxicity of a non-bay region diol epoxide derived from benzo[a]pyrene. Mutat Res 1991; 261:281-93. [PMID: 1722283 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90043-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Insights into the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis can sometimes be gained by comparing the effects of closely related chemicals which differ in carcinogenic potency. We have treated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a non-carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, 9r,10t-dihydroxy-7c,8c-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE-III), and measured the formation and persistence of DNA adducts. We have correlated this binding data with cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in a DNA-repair-proficient CHO cell line (AT3-2) and in two derived lines, UVL-1 and UVL-10, which are unable to repair bulky DNA adducts. These data are compared with similar studies of the effects of the carcinogenic metabolite, 7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE-I). Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was used to measure the levels of BPDE-III-DNA adducts in treated cells. Adduct levels increased linearly with dose, but the absolute binding levels were about 30-fold lower than in comparable incubations with BPDE-I. Measurements of the removal of adducts derived from these two diol epoxides indicated no significant difference in the rate of repair measured 24 h post-treatment. When cells were treated with increasing doses of BPDE-III, survival curves were obtained which exhibited a shoulder region at low doses and an exponential decrease in plating efficiency at higher doses. By comparison of the D0's, the DNA-repair-deficient cell lines were found to be 4-5-fold more sensitive to the killing effects of BPDE-III than were the repair-proficient AT3-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C MacLeod
- Science Park-Research Division, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville 78957
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Krolewski B, Little JB, Reynolds RJ. Effect of duration of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide on neoplastic transformation, mutagenesis, cytotoxicity, and total covalent binding to DNA of rodent cells. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 1988; 8:127-36. [PMID: 2905079 DOI: 10.1002/tcm.1770080302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of different durations of exposure (20 sec to 24 hr) to (+/-) 7-beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha -epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BPDE I) on the induction of transformation in C3H/10T 1/2 cells and of mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), as well as on BPDE I-DNA binding in these two cell lines. A 20-sec exposure of the cells to BPDE I was sufficient to induce mutations and morphological transformation in vitro. However, the transformation frequency in CH3 mouse-embryo-derived 10T 1/2 cells increased twofold and the frequency of mutations in CHO cells sixfold when the exposure time to BPDE I was increased from 20 sec to 8 h. Cytotoxicity increased under similar conditions. A large number of BPDE I-DNA adducts were formed in both cell lines within the first 15-min of exposure of the cells to this ultimate carcinogen. The total covalent binding did not increase with longer than 15-min incubation times. These results suggest that in addition to its covalent binding to DNA, BPDE I may influence other cellular mechanism(s) that are responsible for the initiation of transformation and mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Krolewski
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Heidelberger C, Freeman AE, Pienta RJ, Sivak A, Bertram JS, Casto BC, Dunkel VC, Francis MW, Kakunaga T, Little JB, Schechtman LM. Cell transformation by chemical agents--a review and analysis of the literature. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res 1983; 114:283-385. [PMID: 6339891 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1110(83)90036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The literature on cell transformation by chemical carcinogens has been critically reviewed. This subject is highly relevant to carcinogenesis in vivo, because the phenotypic changes that are collectively referred to as cell transformation usually involve the acquisition of tumorigenicity on inoculation into suitable rodent hosts. The systems chosen for review fall into 3 categories: cell strains (cells with a limited lifespan); cell lines (cells with an unlimited lifespan); and oncogenic viral-chemical interactions involving cells (Fischer rat embryo cells expressing an endogenous retrovirus, mouse embryo cells expressing the AKR leukemia virus, chemical enhancement of a simian adenovirus, SA7 transformation of Syrian hamster or rat embryo cells). Of the entire literature reviewed, 117 papers have been accepted for data abstraction by pre-defined criteria; these include 41 references to cell strains, 40 in cell lines, and 38 in viral-chemical interactions including cells. Because different systems have been reviewed, it would be meaningless to group all the compounds. The overall summary of the systems is as follows (many compounds have been tested in more than one system and, hence, are duplicated in these totals). (Chart: see text) In general, there is a reasonably good correlation between the results of the cell transformation systems and in vivo carcinogenesis. However, the many deficiencies of the EPA Merged Carcinogen List preclude definitive comparisons. Moreover, a number of 'false negatives' were obtained in systems that did not employ external metabolic activation. Further validation of all systems is required, but it seems very probable that several cell transformation systems will become valuable in assaying (with reasonable time and cost) the carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals.
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Benrekassa J, Decloitre F. Inhibition by 17-alpha-ethinyl estradiol of benzo[a]-pyrene metabolism in isolated adult rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 1983; 32:347-53. [PMID: 6307317 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(83)90566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hukkelhoven MW, Vromans LW, Vermorken AJ, van Diepen CB, Bloemendal H. Determination of phenolic benzo(a)pyrene metabolites formed by human hair follicles. Anal Biochem 1982; 125:370-5. [PMID: 7181095 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Yamaura I, Rosenberg BH, Cavalieri LF. The major adducts of cis and trans benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxides cause chain termination during DNA synthesis in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 1981; 37:171-80. [PMID: 6793251 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(81)90174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have studied DNA synthesis in vitro using as template phi X174 DNA containing varying numbers of adducts formed by reaction with cis and trans benzo[a]pyrene (BP) diol-epoxides. The extent of DNA synthesis decreases with increasing numbers of adducts and there is a concomitant decrease in the size of the DNA products. Both decreases can be accounted for quantitatively by the assumption that synthesis terminates at every BP adduct. Since the majority of the adducts are located at the 2-amino group of guanine, we deduce that these adducts cause termination. The role of adducts at other sites is uncertain. The cis and trans BP diol-epoxides are indistinguishable with regard to chain termination, yet in vivo these isomers behave differently. These results suggest that chain determination alone is insufficient to account for the mutagenic effects of BP diol-epoxides.
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Bradley MO, Bhuyan B, Francis MC, Langenbach R, Peterson A, Huberman E. Mutagenesis by chemical agents in V79 chinese hamster cells: a review and analysis of the literature. A report of the Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res 1981; 87:81-142. [PMID: 7035931 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1110(81)90029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The report reviews and evaluates the current literature (about 125 primary publications) on chemically induced specific locus mutations in the V79 Chinese hamster lung cell line. The V79 cell is convenient to use for mutagenesis studies since it has a rapid growth rate, high plating efficiency, and a stable karyotype. Mutation can be easily measured at either the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase or the Na+/K+ ATPase locus, both of which have been well characterized. Other less-studied markers are also described. We discuss the protocols for quantitative mutation studies including measurements of cytotoxicity, mutant expression times, mutant selection agents, cell densities during selection, and the stability and verification of mutant phenotypes. Mutations in the V79 cells by chemicals that require activation can be tested after their metabolism by cell homogenates or by intact cells, and the results with each type of activation are compared. For purposes of analysis, we classified a compound as mutagenic if it induced a mutation frequency that is at least 3 times higher than the spontaneous mutant frequency reported for that specific experiment. By this criterion two-thirds of the chemicals analyzed were mutagenic--; 11% with and 55% without metabolic activation. Of the 191 chemicals examined; 119 were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 25 were nitro or nitroso compounds, 9 were alkyl halides; 7 were purine or pyrimidine derivatives and the remaining 31 were from other chemical classes. We also defined mutagenic potency as the concentration of a compound that increases the mutant frequency by 10 times the spontaneous frequency. Mutagenic potencies of the compounds examined varied over a range of 5 X 10(6). We have also found large interlaboratory variations in the mutagenic potencies. Such variation in potency could be reduced by normalizing the results to a standard mutagen such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The role of the V79 assay in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity testing is discussed and recommendations are suggested for future investigation.
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Brookes P. International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 2/4: Critical assessment of the value of in vitro cell transformation for predicting in vivo carcinogenicity of chemicals. Mutat Res 1981; 86:233-42. [PMID: 7266571 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1110(81)90028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Rho JH. Direct fluorometric analysis of benzo(a)pyrene metabolite formation by mouse liver microsomes. Anal Biochem 1980; 105:414-23. [PMID: 7457845 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Pal K, Grover PL, Sims P. The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells by some epoxides and phenolic derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene. Mutat Res 1980; 78:193-9. [PMID: 7393246 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(80)90098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells by in vivo treatment with a number of epoxy and phenolic derivatives of the carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene, has been investigated. Of the 3 vicinal diol-epoxides tested the anti-isomer of the bay-region 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide was the most active since, when tested at a 10-fold lower concentration, it induced the same number of sister-chromatid exchanges as the corresponding syn-isomer. The anti-isomer of the non-bay-region 9,10-dihydrodiol-7,8-epoxide was much less active than either of the bay-region diolepoxides and its activity was comparable with those of the 2 simple oxides tested, the K-region 4,5- and the non-K-region 7,8-oxides, of benzo[a]pyrene. The 2 phenols tested, 3- and 4-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, were only slightly active in inducing sister-chromatid exchanges.
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Kootstra A, Slaga TJ. Binding of isomers of benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxide to chromatin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 93:954-9. [PMID: 6770858 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)91168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Feldman G, Remsen J, Wang TV, Cerutti P. Formation and excision of covalent deoxyribonucleic acid adducts of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-epoxide and benzo[a]pyrenediol epoxide I in human lung cells A549. Biochemistry 1980; 19:1095-101. [PMID: 6768383 DOI: 10.1021/bi00547a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Cooper CS, Macnicoll AD, Ribeiro O, Gervasi PG, Hewer A, Walsh C, Pal K, Grover PL, Sims P. The involvement of a non-'bay-region' diol-epoxide in the metabolic activation of benza[a]anthracene in hamster embryo cells. Cancer Lett 1980; 9:53-9. [PMID: 7370976 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(80)90140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The major hydrocarbon-nucleoside adduct present in hydrolysates of DNA from hamster embryo cells that had been treated with 3H-labelled benz[a]anthracene in culture has been examined by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 columns and by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results show that this adduct most probably arises from r-8,t-9-hydroxy-t-10,11-oxy-8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene (anti-BA-8,9.-diol 10,11-oxide). On the basis of this and other evidence, this non-bay-region diol-epoxide appears to be a reactive intermediate involved in the metabolic activation of benz[a]anthracene.
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Mehta R, Meredith-Brown M, Cohen GM. Metabolism and covalent binding of benzo[alpha]pyrene in human peripheral lung. Chem Biol Interact 1979; 28:345-58. [PMID: 549746 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(79)90174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Short-term organ cultures of peripheral lung from lung cancer patients metabolise benzo[alpha]pyrene to ethylacetate-soluble metabolites, which covalently bind to tissue macromolecules. The nature and quantities of metabolites formed and the extent of covalent binding are dependent upon the time of incubation, the substrate concentration and interindividual variability in the metabolic activity of the lung. Individuals whose lungs rapidly metabolise the carcinogen exhibit more extensive further metabolism of primary metabolites and higher levels of covalent binding. Certain striking differences in the relative retention in the tissue or release into the extra-cellular medium of different metabolites have been found as illustrated by the observation that the ratio of 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[alpha]-pyrene to 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene was always significantly higher in the tissue than in the extracellular medium.
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Vähäkangas K, Pelkonen O. The effects of harman and norharman on the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in isolated perfused rat lung and in rat lung microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:1591-6. [PMID: 475820 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pyerin WG, Hecker E. On the biochemical mechanism of tumorigenesis in mouse skin. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00451437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oesch F, Schmassmann H. Species and organ specificity of the trans-stilbene oxide induced effects on epoxide hydratase and benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase activity in rodents. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:171-6. [PMID: 426831 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chasseaud LF. The role of glutathione and glutathione S-transferases in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens and other electrophilic agents. Adv Cancer Res 1979; 29:175-274. [PMID: 474272 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yamaura I, Marquardt H, Cavalieri LF. Effects of benzo(a)pyrene adducts of DNA synthesis in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 1978; 23:399-407. [PMID: 82490 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two diol epoxides of benzo(a)pyrene (BP), and benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide, have been used to make adducts in the homopolymers polyribocytidylic acid, (rC); polyriboadenylic acid (rA), polydeoxycytidylic acid (dC) and polydeoxyadenylic acid (dA). With appropriate oligomers as primers these modified and unmodified polynucleotides were used as templates for DNA synthesis with avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase (AMV) or E. coli Pol I DNA polymerase. We have found that: (1) the size of the DNA product is not markedly decreased by the presence of these these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts in the templates; (2) the presence of adducts does not lead to increased incorporation of erroneous bases. These results, supported by kinetic data, suggest that these polymerases can bypass a site containing an adduct on the template without leaving a gap or causing misincorporation of a base and they imply that mutagenesis by BP may not be attributable to either of these mechanisms.
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Phillips DH, Grover P, Sims P. Some properties of vicinal diol-epoxides derived from benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene. Chem Biol Interact 1978; 20:63-75. [PMID: 630646 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The alkylating properties of pairs of syn- and anti-isomers of 2 diol-epoxides derived from benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and of 1 derived from benz(a)anthracene (BA) have been investigated. Of the anti-diol-epoxides, anti-BP 7,8-diol-9,10-oxide was the most reactive compound towards DNA, towards sodium p-nitrothiophenolate in a non-aqueous solvent system, and towards 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine in aqueous solution; anti-BP 9,10,-diol-7,8-oxide was of intermediate reactivity and anti-BA 8,9-diol-10,11-oxide was least reactive. The syn-diol-epoxides gave unsatisfactory results with DNA and 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine because of their rapid solvolysis in aqueous solution, but with sodium p-nitrothiophenolate showed the order of reactivity syn-BP 7,8-diol-9,10-oxide greater than syn-BA 8,9-diol-10,11-oxide greater than syn-BP 9,10-diol-7,8-oxide. The products of the reaction between diol-epoxides and nucleic acids were examined by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the diol-epoxides were shown to react principally with the guanosine and adenosine moieties of RNA.
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Malaveille C, Kuroki T, Sims P, Grover PL, Bartsch H. Mutagenicity of isomeric diol-epoxides of benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Mutat Res 1977; 44:313-26. [PMID: 333280 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(77)90091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pairs of isomeric vicinal diol-epoxides derived from benzo[a]pyrene 7,8- and 9,10-dihydrodiols and from benz[a]anthracene 8,9-dihydrodiol were tested for their abilities to revert salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 to histidine prototrophy and to induce the formation of 8-azaguanine- or of ouabain-resistant V79 Chinese hamster cells. All six diol-epoxides were active in both bacterial strains, but 7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9beta,10beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (the syn isomer) was considerably more mutagenic than the other diol-epoxides. Within the three pairs of stereo-isomeric diol-epoxides, the ratio of the mutagenic potencies of the syn over the related anti isomers varied bothwith the chemical structure and the bacterial strain. The half lives of hydration of these diol-epoxides at pH 7.4 were inversely related to their mutagenic potencies in bacteria. In V79 cells, the two benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-oxides were mutagenic and the anti isomer was more active than the syn isomer; a reversed order of mutagenic potency with these stereo isomers was observed in S. typhimurium. The other four diol-epoxides were non-mutagenic in V79 cells at the concentrations tested.
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Chouroulinkov I, Gentil A, Tierney B, Grover P, Sims P. The metabolic activation of 7-methylbenz(a)anthracene in mouse skin: High tumour-initiating activity of the 3,4-dihydrodiol. Cancer Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(77)96163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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