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Paramanik V, Kurrey K, Singh P, Tiwari S. Roles of genistein in learning and memory during aging and neurological disorders. Biogerontology 2023; 24:329-346. [PMID: 36828983 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a non-steroidal phytoestrogen that belongs to the isoflavone class. It is abundantly found in soy. Soy and its products are used as food components in many countries including India. The present review is focused to address roles of GEN in brain functions in the context of learning and memory as a function of aging and neurological disorders. Memory decline is one of the most disabling features observed during normal aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), etc. Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in the brain with advancement of age and pathological conditions lead to decline of cognitive functions. GEN is chemically comparable to estradiol and binds to estrogen receptors (ERs). GEN acts through ERs and mimics estrogen action. After binding to ERs, GEN regulates a plethora of brain functions including learning and memory; however detailed study still remains elusive. Due to the neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, GEN is used to restore or improve memory functions in different animal models and humans. The present review may be helpful to understand roles of GEN in learning and memory during aging and neurological disorders, its direction of research and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Paramanik
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India.
| | - Khuleshwari Kurrey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neurobiology Division, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Padmanabh Singh
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India
| | - Sneha Tiwari
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India
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Bertoglio D, Verhaeghe J, Korat Š, Miranda A, Cybulska K, Wyffels L, Stroobants S, Mrzljak L, Dominguez C, Skinbjerg M, Liu L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Staelens S. Elevated Type 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Availability in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease: a Longitudinal PET Study. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2038-2047. [PMID: 31912442 PMCID: PMC7118044 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) results in altered glutamate signalling, which is associated with several neurological disorders including Huntington’s Disease (HD), an autosomal neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we assessed in vivo pathological changes in mGluR1 availability in the Q175DN mouse model of HD using longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the radioligand [11C]ITDM. Ninety-minute dynamic PET imaging scans were performed in 22 heterozygous (HET) Q175DN mice and 22 wild-type (WT) littermates longitudinally at 6, 12, and 16 months of age. Analyses of regional volume of distribution with an image-derived input function (VT (IDIF)) and voxel-wise parametric VT (IDIF) maps were performed to assess differences between genotypes. Post-mortem evaluation at 16 months was done to support in vivo findings. [11C]ITDM VT (IDIF) quantification revealed higher mGluR1 availability in the brain of HET mice compared to WT littermates (e.g. cerebellum: + 15.0%, + 17.9%, and + 17.6% at 6, 12, and 16 months, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, an age-related decline in [11C]ITDM binding independent of genotype was observed between 6 and 12 months. Voxel-wise analysis of parametric maps and post-mortem quantifications confirmed the elevated mGluR1 availability in HET mice compared to WT littermates. In conclusion, in vivo measurement of mGluR1 availability using longitudinal [11C]ITDM PET imaging demonstrated higher [11C]ITDM binding in extra-striatal brain regions during the course of disease in the Q175DN mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bertoglio
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Špela Korat
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alan Miranda
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Klaudia Cybulska
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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3
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Kumar A. Calcium Signaling During Brain Aging and Its Influence on the Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:985-1012. [PMID: 31646542 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are highly versatile intracellular signaling molecules and are universal second messenger for regulating a variety of cellular and physiological functions including synaptic plasticity. Ca2+ homeostasis in the central nervous system endures subtle dysregulation with advancing age. Research has provided abundant evidence that brain aging is associated with altered neuronal Ca2+ regulation and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during aging. The current chapter takes a specific perspective, assessing various Ca2+ sources and the influence of aging on Ca2+ sources and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in neuronal Ca2+ signaling and synaptic plasticity mechanisms will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Boczek T, Radzik T, Ferenc B, Zylinska L. The Puzzling Role of Neuron-Specific PMCA Isoforms in the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246338. [PMID: 31888192 PMCID: PMC6941135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is a physiological phenomenon associated with progressive changes in metabolism, genes expression, and cellular resistance to stress. In neurons, one of the hallmarks of senescence is a disturbance of calcium homeostasis that may have far-reaching detrimental consequences on neuronal physiology and function. Among several proteins involved in calcium handling, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is the most sensitive calcium detector controlling calcium homeostasis. PMCA exists in four main isoforms and PMCA2 and PMCA3 are highly expressed in the brain. The overall effects of impaired calcium extrusion due to age-dependent decline of PMCA function seem to accumulate with age, increasing the susceptibility to neurotoxic insults. To analyze the PMCA role in neuronal cells, we have developed stable transfected differentiated PC12 lines with down-regulated PMCA2 or PMCA3 isoforms to mimic age-related changes. The resting Ca2+ increased in both PMCA-deficient lines affecting the expression of several Ca2+-associated proteins, i.e., sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), calmodulin, calcineurin, GAP43, CCR5, IP3Rs, and certain types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Functional studies also demonstrated profound changes in intracellular pH regulation and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, modification of PMCAs membrane composition triggered some adaptive processes to counterbalance calcium overload, but the reduction of PMCA2 appeared to be more detrimental to the cells than PMCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tomasz Radzik
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-5680
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5
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Kumar A, Foster TC. Alteration in NMDA Receptor Mediated Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus During Senescence. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:38-48. [PMID: 30209673 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in neurons and glia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and kainate receptors are major ionotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is strongly linked with Ca2+ homeostasis. Research has provided ample evidence that brain aging is associated with altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and Ca2+ dysregulation. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during senescence. The current review examines Ca2+ regulation with a focus on the NMDA receptors in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100244, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100244, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
- Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Sakata M, Toyohara J, Ishibashi K, Wagatsuma K, Ishii K, Zhang MR, Ishiwata K. Age and gender effects of 11C-ITMM binding to metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 in healthy human participants. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 55:72-77. [PMID: 28431287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined possible age- and gender-related changes in binding of the selective antagonist N-[4-[6-(isopropylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-4-11C-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (11C-ITMM) to metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 in healthy human brains. Dynamic 11C-ITMM positron emission tomography scans (90 min) with serial arterial blood sampling were performed in 15 young and 24 older healthy adult volunteers. The total distribution volume (VT) of several brain regions was estimated with 2-tissue compartment model analysis. The VTs of the cerebellar cortex, parietal cortex, putamen, amygdala, and hippocampus in older adult participants were significantly higher than in young participants. The age-related VT increase was only observed in male participants. Our data suggest that an age-dependent increase in metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 availability in several brain regions may exist predominantly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyuki Sakata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Ishibashi
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Wagatsuma
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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7
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Créau N, Cabet E, Daubigney F, Souchet B, Bennaï S, Delabar J. Specific age-related molecular alterations in the cerebellum of Down syndrome mouse models. Brain Res 2016; 1646:342-353. [PMID: 27297494 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, has been modeled with various trisomic and transgenic mice to help understand the consequences of an altered gene dosage in brain development and function. Though Down syndrome has been associated with premature aging, little is known about the molecular and cellular alterations that target brain function. To help identify alterations at specific ages, we analyzed the cerebellum of Ts1Cje mice, trisomic for 77 HSA21 orthologs, at three ages-young (4 months), middle-age (12 months), and old (17 months)-compared to age-matched controls. Quantification of neuronal and glial markers (n=11) revealed increases in GFAP, with an age effect, and S100B, with age and genotype effects. The genotype effect on S100B with age was unexpected as Ts1Cje has only two copies of the S100b gene. Interestingly, the different increase in GFAP observed between Ts1Cje (trisomic segment includes Pcp4 gene) and controls was magnified in TgPCP4 mice (1 extra copy of the human PCP4 gene) at the same age. S100B increase was not found in the TgPCP4 confirming a difference of regulation with aging for GFAP and S100B and excluding the calcium signaling regulator, Pcp4, as a potential candidate for increase of S100B in the Ts1Cje. To understand these differences, comparison of GFAP and S100B immunostainings at young and middle-age were performed. Immunohistochemical detection of differences in GFAP and S100B localization with aging implicate S100B+ oligodendrocytes as a new phenotypic target in this specific aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Créau
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Eva Cabet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Daubigney
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Souchet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Bennaï
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Delabar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, Paris, France
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8
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Yamaguchi M. Role of regucalcin in brain calcium signaling: involvement in aging. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:825-837. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20042b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 425 River Road, Rhodes Center, Room 448, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
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9
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Decuypere JP, Monaco G, Missiaen L, De Smedt H, Parys JB, Bultynck G. IP(3) Receptors, Mitochondria, and Ca Signaling: Implications for Aging. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:920178. [PMID: 21423550 PMCID: PMC3056293 DOI: 10.4061/2011/920178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight interplay between endoplasmic-reticulum-(ER-) and mitochondria-mediated Ca(2+) signaling is a key determinant of cellular health and cellular fate through the control of apoptosis and autophagy. Proteins that prevent or promote apoptosis and autophagy can affect intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics and homeostasis through binding and modulation of the intracellular Ca(2+)-release and Ca(2+)-uptake mechanisms. During aging, oxidative stress becomes an additional factor that affects ER and mitochondrial function and thus their role in Ca(2+) signaling. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction and sustained mitochondrial damage are likely to underlie part of the aging process. In this paper, we will discuss the different mechanisms that control intracellular Ca(2+) signaling with respect to apoptosis and autophagy and review how these processes are affected during aging through accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Decuypere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, K.U.Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1, Herestraat 49, Bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Torkamani A, Dean B, Schork NJ, Thomas EA. Coexpression network analysis of neural tissue reveals perturbations in developmental processes in schizophrenia. Genome Res 2010; 20:403-12. [PMID: 20197298 DOI: 10.1101/gr.101956.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We performed integrated gene coexpression network analysis on two large microarray-based brain gene expression data sets generated from the prefrontal cortex obtained post-mortem from 101 subjects, 47 subjects with schizophrenia and 54 normal control subjects, ranging in age from 19 to 81 years. Twenty-eight modules of coexpressed genes with functional interpretations were detected in both normal subjects and those with schizophrenia. Significant overlap of "case" and "control" module composition was observed, indicating that extensive differences in underlying molecular connectivity are not likely driving pathology in schizophrenia. Modules of coexpressed genes were characterized according to disease association, cell type specificity, and the effects of aging. We find that genes with altered expression in schizophrenia clustered into distinct coexpression networks and that these were associated primarily with neurons. We further identified a robust effect of age on gene expression modules that differentiates normal subjects from those with schizophrenia. In particular, we report that normal age-related decreases in genes related to central nervous system developmental processes, including neurite outgrowth, neuronal differentiation, and dopamine-related cellular signaling, do not occur in subjects with schizophrenia during the aging process. Extrapolating these findings to earlier stages of development supports the concept that schizophrenia pathogenesis begins early in life and is associated with a failure of normal decreases in developmental-related gene expression. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the "developmental" hypothesis of schizophrenia on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Torkamani
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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11
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Kumar A, Bodhinathan K, Foster TC. Susceptibility to Calcium Dysregulation during Brain Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2009; 1:2. [PMID: 20552053 PMCID: PMC2874411 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.24.002.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a highly versatile intracellular signaling molecule that is essential for regulating a variety of cellular and physiological processes ranging from fertilization to programmed cell death. Research has provided ample evidence that brain aging is associated with altered Ca(2+) homeostasis. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during senescence. The current review takes a broader perspective, assessing age-related changes in Ca(2+) sources, Ca(2+) sequestration, and Ca(2+) binding proteins throughout the nervous system. The nature of altered Ca(2+) homeostasis is cell specific and may represent a deficit or a compensatory mechanism, producing complex patterns of impaired cellular function. Incorporating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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Lea PM, Faden AI. Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 antagonists MPEP and MTEP. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2006; 12:149-66. [PMID: 16958988 PMCID: PMC6494124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate regulates the function of central nervous system (CNS), in part, through the cAMP and/or IP3/DAG second messenger-associated metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) has been extensively used to elucidate potential physiological and pathophysiological functions of mGluR5. Unfortunately, recent evidence indicates significant non-specific actions of MPEP, including inhibition of NMDA receptors. In contrast, in vivo and in vitro characterization of the newer mGluR5 antagonist 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) indicates that it is more highly selective for mGluR5 over mGluR1, has no effect on other mGluR subtypes, and has fewer off-target effects than MPEP. This article reviews literature on both of these mGluR5 antagonists, which suggests their possible utility in neurodegeneration, addiction, anxiety and pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan I. Faden
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Simonyi A, Ngomba RT, Storto M, Catania MV, Miller LA, Youngs B, DiGiorgi-Gerevini V, Nicoletti F, Sun GY. Expression of groups I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat brain during aging. Brain Res 2005; 1043:95-106. [PMID: 15862522 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 02/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-dependent changes in the expression of group I and II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors were studied by in situ hybridization, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Male Fisher 344 rats of three ages (3, 12 and 25 months) were tested. Age-related increases in mGlu1 receptor mRNA levels were found in several areas (thalamic nuclei, hippocampal CA3) with parallel increases in mGlu1a receptor protein expression. However, a slight decrease in mGlu1a receptor mRNA expression in individual Purkinje neurons and a decline in cerebellar mGlu1a receptor protein levels were detected in aged animals. In contrast, mGlu1b receptor mRNA levels increased in the cerebellar granule cell layer. Although mGlu5 receptor mRNA expression decreased in many regions, its protein expression remained unchanged during aging. Compared to the small changes in mGlu2 receptor mRNA levels, mGlu3 receptor mRNA levels showed substantial age differences. An increased mGlu2/3 receptor protein expression was found in the frontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus and corpus callosum in aged animals. These results demonstrate region- and subtype-specific, including splice variant specific changes in the expression of mGlu receptors in the brain with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Simonyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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14
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Segovia G, Mora F. Effects of the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, ACPD, on the extracellular concentrations of GABA and acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex of the rat during the normal process of aging. Brain Res Bull 2005; 65:11-6. [PMID: 15680540 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) on the extracellular concentrations of GABA and acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats of different groups of age. Perfusion, through the microdialysis probe, of the agonist of mGluR, (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD; 100, 500 and 1000 microM), in the prefrontal cortex of young rats produced a dose-related increase of the dialysate concentrations of GABA. The effects of perfusion of ACPD on the concentrations of GABA were attenuated in middle-aged rats. In the prefrontal cortex of aged rats, perfusion of ACPD produced no changes in dialysate concentrations of GABA at any of the doses used. Conversely, perfusion of ACPD (100, 500 and 1000 microM) in the prefrontal cortex of young, middle-aged and aged rats did not modify the dialysate concentrations of acetylcholine. Basal concentrations of acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex of middle-aged and aged rats were significantly lower than those in young rats. In contrast, basal dialysate concentrations of GABA were not significantly different in young, middle-aged and aged rats. These results suggest that the interaction GABA-glutamate in the prefrontal cortex, mediated by mGluRs, changes with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Segovia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Segovia G, Mora F. Dopamine and GABA increases produced by activation of glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens are decreased during aging. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 26:91-101. [PMID: 15585349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aging on the increases of dopamine and GABA induced by activation of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens of the freely moving rat. The effects of local perfusion of the agonists NMDA (10, 100 and 500 microM), AMPA (1, 20 and 100 microM) and ACPD (100, 500 and 1000 microM) on extracellular concentration of dopamine and GABA in the nucleus accumbens of young (2-4 months), middle-aged (10-14 months) and aged (24-32 months) male Wistar rats were studied using microdialysis. In young rats, perfusion of the agonists NMDA and AMPA, but not ACPD, produced an increase of dialysate concentrations of dopamine. Perfusion of the three glutamate agonists (NMDA, AMPA and ACPD) produced an increase of dialysate GABA. This increase was delayed in time compared with the increase of dopamine. In the nucleus accumbens of middle-aged and aged rats, the increases of dopamine induced by NMDA were significantly lower than those in young rats. Also the increases of dopamine induced by AMPA were lower in aged rats than those in young rats. The effects of AMPA, NMDA and ACPD on dialysate GABA were significantly lower in aged rats than in young rats. These findings suggest that aging changes the interaction between the neurotransmitters glutamate and dopamine and glutamate and GABA in the nucleus accumbens of the freely moving rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Segovia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Domenici MR, Pintor A, Potenza RL, Gaudi S, Grò MC, Passarelli F, Reggio R, Galluzzo M, Massotti M, Popoli P. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and NMDA-potentiating effects are blunted in the striatum of aged rats: a possible additional mechanism in striatal senescence. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 17:2047-55. [PMID: 12786971 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to verify whether an impairment of subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated neurotransmission did occur in the aged striatum. To this end, the ability of the subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, RS-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine, to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis and to potentiate N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced effects in striatal slices from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) rats was compared. The ability of RS-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine to induce maximal phosphoinositide turnover and to potentiate N-methyl-d-aspartate effects was significantly reduced in slices from old vs. young rats. These changes were associated with a significant reduction in the expression of subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor protein (-28.8%) and phospholipase C-beta1 (-55.8%) in old striata, while receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression was unchanged. These results show that the signalling associated with subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors undergoes significant age-related changes and that a reduced expression of subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors and, more importantly, phospholipase C-beta1 may account for the functional decline of subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Domenici
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy
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17
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Lea PM, Faden AI. Traumatic brain injury: developmental differences in glutamate receptor response and the impact on treatment. MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS 2002; 7:235-48. [PMID: 11754517 DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury following trauma, hypoxia, and/or ischemia represents a substantial cause of pediatric disabilities including mental retardation. Such injuries lead to neuronal cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies implicate ionotropic (iGluRs) and metabotropic (mGluRs) glutamate receptors in the modulation of such cell death. Expression of glutamate receptors changes as a function of developmental age, with substantial implications for understanding mechanisms of post-injury cell death and its potential treatment. Recent findings suggest that the developing brain is more susceptible to apoptosis after injury and that such caspase mediated cell death may be exacerbated by treatment with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Moreover, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors appear to have opposite effects on necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Understanding the relative roles of glutamate receptors in post-traumatic or post-ischemic cell death as a function of developmental age may lead to novel targeted approaches to the treatment of pediatric brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Lea
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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18
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Yamaguchi M. Chapter 4 Impact of aging on calcium channels and pumps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3124(02)10016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Simonyi A, Miller LA, Sun GY. Region-specific decline in the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 mRNA in rat brain during aging. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2000; 82:101-6. [PMID: 11042362 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-dependent changes in the expression of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4 and mGluR7) were studied by quantitative in situ hybridization using male Fisher 344 rats 3, 12 and 25 months of age. Results indicate an early decrease in mGluR7 mRNA level in several cortical areas including the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices. In the hippocampus, mGluR7 mRNA levels decreased in the CA1 region and the lower blade of the dentate gyrus. Moreover, significant decrease was found in the laterodorsal thalamic nucleus at 12 months of age. Other regions such as the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens showed no age-related changes in mGluR7 mRNA levels. Analysis of emulsion autoradiograms revealed a 36% decrease of mGluR7 mRNA in Purkinje neurons in the 12-month-old group and a 48% decline in the 25-month-old group as compared to the 3-month-old group. A substantial decrease in mGluR4 mRNA level was found in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum during aging. The difference between the young and aged groups exceeded 35%. These region-specific decreases may have important implication in some of the age-related changes in cognitive, motor and/or sensory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Simonyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Thibault O, Porter NM, Chen KC, Blalock EM, Kaminker PG, Clodfelter GV, Brewer LD, Landfield PW. Calcium dysregulation in neuronal aging and Alzheimer's disease: history and new directions. Cell Calcium 1998; 24:417-33. [PMID: 10091010 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4160(98)90064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0084, USA.
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