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Bahmanpour A, Ghoreishian SM, Sepahvandi A. Electromagnetic Modulation of Cell Behavior: Unraveling the Positive Impacts in a Comprehensive Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1941-1954. [PMID: 38652384 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There are numerous effective procedures for cell signaling, in which humans directly transmit detectable signals to cells to govern their essential behaviors. From a biomedical perspective, the cellular response to the combined influence of electrical and magnetic fields holds significant promise in various domains, such as cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and wound healing. Among these modern cell signaling methods, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a pivotal role; however, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the effects of EMFs across all wavelengths. It's worth noting that most wavelengths are incompatible with human cells, and as such, this study excludes them from consideration. In this review, we aim to comprehensively explore the most effective and current EMFs, along with their therapeutic impacts on various cell types. Specifically, we delve into the influence of alternating electromagnetic fields (AEMFs) on diverse cell behaviors, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, cell death, and cell migration. Our findings underscore the substantial potential of these pivotal cellular behaviors in advancing the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, AEMFs wield a significant role in the realms of biomaterials and tissue engineering, given their capacity to decisively influence biomaterials, facilitate non-invasive procedures, ensure biocompatibility, and exhibit substantial efficacy. It is worth mentioning that AEMFs often serve as a last-resort treatment option for various diseases. Much about electromagnetic fields remains a mystery to the scientific community, and we have yet to unravel the precise mechanisms through which wavelengths control cellular fate. Consequently, our understanding and knowledge in this domain predominantly stem from repeated experiments yielding similar effects. In the ensuing sections of this article, we delve deeper into our extended experiments and research.
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Rast J, Sohinki D, Warner A. Non-invasive Neuromodulation of Arrhythmias. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2024; 15:5757-5766. [PMID: 38444451 PMCID: PMC10911637 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2024.15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cardiac autonomic nervous system (CANS) is associated with various cardiac arrhythmias. Subsequently, invasive techniques have successfully targeted the CANS for the treatment of certain arrhythmias, such as sympathetic denervation for ventricular tachycardia storm. Non-invasive strategies capable of modulating the CANS for arrhythmia treatment have begun to gain interest due to their low-risk profile and applicability as an adjuvant therapy. This review provides an evidence-based overview of the currently studied technologies capable of non-invasively modulating CANS for the suppression of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.
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Wang Y, Zhao ZG, Chai Z, Fang JC, Chen M. Electromagnetic field and cardiovascular diseases: A state-of-the-art review of diagnostic, therapeutic, and predictive values. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23142. [PMID: 37650634 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300201rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite encouraging advances in early diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remained a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence has shown that the electromagnetic field (EMF) influences many biological processes, which has attracted much attention for its potential therapeutic and diagnostic modalities in multiple diseases, such as musculoskeletal disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Nonionizing EMF has been studied as a therapeutic or diagnostic tool in CVDs. In this review, we summarize the current literature ranging from in vitro to clinical studies focusing on the therapeutic potential (external EMF) and diagnostic potential (internal EMF generated from the heart) of EMF in CVDs. First, we provided an overview of the therapeutic potential of EMF and associated mechanisms in the context of CVDs, including cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Furthermore, we investigated the diagnostic and predictive value of magnetocardiography in CVDs. Finally, we discussed the critical steps necessary to translate this promising approach into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zhao
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Chai
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Fang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Sohinki D, Thomas J, Scherlag B, Stavrakis S, Yousif A, Po S, Dasari T. Impact of low-level electromagnetic fields on the inducibility of atrial fibrillation in the electrophysiology laboratory. Heart Rhythm O2 2021; 2:239-246. [PMID: 34337574 PMCID: PMC8322792 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults. Research suggests that autonomic nervous (ANS) system dysfunction contributes to AF pathophysiology. Animal studies have shown that low-level electromagnetic fields (LL-EMF) are potentially capable of AF suppression. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of LL-EMF in suppressing AF in humans. Objective To investigate the impact of LL-EMF on AF inducibility in humans. Methods Patients presenting for ablation of paroxysmal AF were randomized to a sham protocol or LL-EMF (3.2 × 10-8 G at 0.89 Hz) applied via a Helmholtz coil around the head. AF was induced via atrial pacing, and was cardioverted if duration was greater than 15 minutes. The protocol was then run for 60 minutes, followed by reinduction of AF. The primary endpoint was the duration of pacing-induced AF after protocol completion compared between groups. Results Eighteen patients completed the study protocol (n = 10 sham, n = 8 LL-EMF). Pacing-induced AF duration in the LL-EMF group was 11.0 ± 3.43 minutes shorter than control after protocol completion (CI 3.72–18.28 minutes, P = .03). A smaller proportion of LL-EMF patients experienced spontaneous firing initiating an AF episode (0/7 vs 5/6, P = .0047). A significantly greater proportion of patients in the control group required direct current cardioversion after 1 hour (0.78 vs 0.13, P = .02). Conclusion In patients with paroxysmal AF, LL-EMF stimulation results in shorter episodes of pacing-induced AF and a reduced likelihood of spontaneous firing initiating an episode of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sohinki
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Daniel Sohinki, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912.
| | - Joshua Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin Scherlag
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ali Yousif
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Prosper, Texas
| | - Sunny Po
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tarun Dasari
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Sohinki D, Stavrakis S. New approaches for treating atrial fibrillation: Focus on autonomic modulation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:433-439. [PMID: 31708408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapidly growing clinical problem in routine practice, both for cardiologists as well as general practitioners. Current therapies aimed at the management of AF include anti-arrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation. These therapies have a number of limitations and risks, and have disappointing long-term efficacy in maintaining sinus rhythm and improving hard clinical outcomes. Because of this, there is growing interest in pursuing alternative management strategies in patients with AF. This review seeks to highlight emerging AF therapies, with a specific focus on several modalities aimed at modulation of the autonomic nervous system. These therapies have shown promise in early pre-clinical and clinical trials, and represent exciting alternatives to standard AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sohinki
- Department of Cardiology, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Suite 5400, Oklahoma, OK, United States; Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States.
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Garabelli PJ, Morris BT, May KN, Yu X, Stavrakis S, Scherlag BJ, Po SS. A Randomized Double-blind, Sham-stimulation Control Pilot Study of the Effect of an Electromagnetic Field Generator on Healthy Subjects. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2018; 3:28-32. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Electromagnetic fields in the treatment of chronic lower back pain in patients with degenerative disc disease. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO105. [PMID: 28031951 PMCID: PMC5138007 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To examine the effects of low-amplitude, low frequency electromagnetic field therapy (EMF) therapy in patients with persistent chronic lower back pain associated with degenerative disc disease. Design: Double-blind, randomized and placebo controlled. Intervention: EMF using a medical device resonator; control group underwent same procedures, except the device was turned off. Outcome measures: Pain reduction and mobility. Results: Improvements in overall physical health, social functioning and reduction in bodily pain were observed in the EMF group. The pain relief rating scale showed a higher level of pain relief at the target area in the EMF group. An increase in left lateral mobility was seen only in the EMF group. Conclusion: EMF treatment may be of benefit to patients with chronic nonresponsive lower back pain associated with degenerative disc disease. Lay abstract: In this preliminary study, we examined the possible value of using a medical device that generates low energy electromagnetic fields for reducing pain and increasing movement in individuals with persistent lower back pain associated with degeneration of the discs of the spine. After five treatment sessions (each lasting 1 h) over a 2-week period, it was found that as compared with those individuals that were not exposed, low energy electromagnetic fields at the pain area may not only improve physical functioning, but also may reduce pain.
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Aging and magnetism: Presenting a possible new holistic paradigm for ameliorating the aging process and the effects thereof, through externally applied physiologic PicoTesla magnetic fields. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:276-86. [PMID: 26092501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new holistic paradigm is proposed for slowing our genomic-based biological clocks (e.g. regulation of telomere length), and decreasing heat energy exigencies for maintenance of physiologic homeostasis. Aging is considered the result of a progressive slow burn in small volumes of tissues with increase in the quantum entropic states; producing desiccation, microscopic scarring, and disruption of cooperative coherent states. Based upon piezoelectricity, i.e. photon-phonon transductions, physiologic PicoTesla range magnetic fields may decrease the production of excessive heat energy through target specific, bio molecular resonant interactions, renormalization of intrinsic electromagnetic tissue profiles, and autonomic modulation. Prospectively, we hypothesize that deleterious effects of physical trauma, immunogenic microbiological agents, stress, and anxiety may be ameliorated. A particle-wave equation is cited to ascertain magnetic field parameters for application to the whole organism thereby achieving desired homeostasis; secondary to restoration of structure and function on quantum levels. We hypothesize that it is at the atomic level that physical events shape the flow of signals and the transmission of energy in bio molecular systems. References are made to experimental data indicating the aspecific efficacy of non-ionizing physiologic magnetic field profiles for treatment of various pathologic states.
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Additional effects of homeopathy on chronic periodontitis: a 1-year follow-up randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2014; 20:141-6. [PMID: 25129881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was test the hypothesis that homeopathy (H) enhances the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 patients with CP were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: SRP (C-G) or SRP + H (H-G). Assessments were made at baseline and after 3 and 12 months of treatments. The local and systemic responses to the treatments were evaluated by clinical and serologic parameters, respectively. RESULTS Both groups displayed significant improvements, however, using clinical attachment gain and reductions in HDL, LDL and Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Glucose and Uric acid, from baseline to 1 year, as criteria for treatment success, H-G performed significantly better than C-G. CONCLUSION The findings of this 1-year follow-up randomized clinical trial suggest that homeopathic medicines, as an adjunctive to SRP, can provide significant local and systemic improvements for CP patients.
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Gravity sensing by cells: mechanisms and theoretical grounds. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-013-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Radical Scavengers Suppress Low Frequency EMF Enhanced Proliferation in Cultured Cells and Stress Effects in Higher Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-005-4272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Qin C, Evans JM, Yamanashi WS, Scherlag BJ, Foreman RD. Effects on rats of low intensity and frequency electromagnetic field stimulation on thoracic spinal neurons receiving noxious cardiac and esophageal inputs. Neuromodulation 2005; 8:79-87. [PMID: 22151436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2005.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Low intensity and low frequency electromagnetic field stimulation (EMFs) provides substantial pain relief in patients with various chronic pains. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of EMFs on the activity of thoracic spinal neurons responding to noxious visceral stimuli. Materials and Methods Extracellular potentials of single T(3) -T(4) spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized male rats. A catheter was placed in the pericardial sac to administer a mixture of algogenic chemicals for noxious cardiac stimulation (0.2 mL, 1 min). Noxious esophageal distension was produced by water inflation (0.4 mL, 20 sec) of a latex balloon. EMFs (0.839-0.952 Hz, 0.030-0.034 µG, 30-40 min) was applied with a pair of Helmholtz coils placed on both sides of the chest. Results After the onset of EMFs, excitatory neuronal responses to intrapericardial chemicals were reduced in 24/32 (75%) spinal neurons, increased in three neurons and were not affected in five neurons. The inhibitory effect on spinal neurons occurred 10-20 min after the onset of EMFs. Even after termination of EMFs, the suppression of spinal neuronal activity lasted for 1-2 hr. In contrast, excitatory responses of 7/18 (39%) neurons to esophageal distension were inhibited, five (28%) were excited and six (33%) were not affected by EMFs. Conclusions Results showed that EMFs generally reduced nociceptive responses of spinal neurons to noxious cardiac chemical stimuli, whereas it was not effective for nociceptive responses to esophageal mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Departments of PhysiologyMedicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Maier R, Greter SE, Schaller G, Hommel G. Zur Wirkung gepulster elektromagnetischer Felder geringer Leistungen auf Gedächtnisprozesse. Z Med Phys 2004; 14:105-12. [PMID: 15323288 DOI: 10.1078/0939-3889-00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the organism in humans. Using a psychophysiological test, the changes in memory performance were tested in 33 volunteers both at rest and upon exposure to pulsed fields (GSM standard). To evaluate the cognition performance, we applied a psycho-physiological test paradigm (auditory discrimination task) based on the "Order Threshold". The investigation took place in an acoustically-shielded room, and the volunteers were requested to relax on a stretcher. The exposure to electromagnetic fields took place during this relaxation time (30 minutes). Measurements were performed before and after the exposure phase, and compared to a reference situation of change in vigilance. Exposure to pulsed fields resulted in reduced mental-regeneration performance in 21 of the 33 test participants, as reflected by an increase of order threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Maier
- Klinik für Kommunikationsstörungen, Universität Mainz
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