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Dubreuil JD, Isaacson RE, Schifferli DM. Animal Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. EcoSal Plus 2016; 7:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0006-2016. [PMID: 27735786 PMCID: PMC5123703 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0006-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of E. coli diarrhea in farm animals. ETEC are characterized by the ability to produce two types of virulence factors: adhesins that promote binding to specific enterocyte receptors for intestinal colonization and enterotoxins responsible for fluid secretion. The best-characterized adhesins are expressed in the context of fimbriae, such as the F4 (also designated K88), F5 (K99), F6 (987P), F17, and F18 fimbriae. Once established in the animal small intestine, ETEC produce enterotoxin(s) that lead to diarrhea. The enterotoxins belong to two major classes: heat-labile toxins that consist of one active and five binding subunits (LT), and heat-stable toxins that are small polypeptides (STa, STb, and EAST1). This review describes the disease and pathogenesis of animal ETEC, the corresponding virulence genes and protein products of these bacteria, their regulation and targets in animal hosts, as well as mechanisms of action. Furthermore, vaccines, inhibitors, probiotics, and the identification of potential new targets by genomics are presented in the context of animal ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Dubreuil
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Richard E Isaacson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Dieter M Schifferli
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Luppi A, Gibellini M, Gin T, Vangroenweghe F, Vandenbroucke V, Bauerfeind R, Bonilauri P, Labarque G, Hidalgo Á. Prevalence of virulence factors in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with post-weaning diarrhoea in Europe. Porcine Health Manag 2016; 2:20. [PMID: 28405446 PMCID: PMC5382528 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-016-0039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), due to Escherichia coli, is an important cause of economic losses to the pig industry primarily as a result of mortality and worsened productive performance. In spite of its relevance, recent data about the prevalence of virulence genes and pathotypes among E. coli isolates recovered from cases of PWD in Europe are scarce. Results This study investigates the prevalence of fimbrial and toxin genes of E. coli by PCR among 280 farms with PWD across Europe. A total of 873 samples collected within the first 48 h after the onset of PWD (occurring 7–21 days post weaning) were submitted to the laboratory for diagnostic purposes. Isolation and identification of E. coli were performed following standard bacteriological methods and PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding for fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41) and toxins (LT, STa, STb and Stx2e). The prevalence of fimbriae and toxins among E. coli isolates from cases of PWD was: F4 (45.1 %), F18 (33.9 %), F5 (0.6 %), F6 (0.6 %), F41 (0.3 %), STb (59.1 %), STa (38.1 %), LT (31.9 %) and Stx2e (9.7 %). E. coli isolates carrying both fimbrial and toxin genes were detected in 52.5 % of the cases (178 out of 339 isolates), with 94.9 % of them being classified as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). The most common virotype detected was F4, STb, LT. Conclusions This study confirms that ETEC is frequently isolated in pig farms with PWD across Europe, with F4- and F18-ETEC variants involved in 36.1 % and 18.2 % of the outbreaks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Pitagora 2, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Gibellini
- Elanco Animal Health, Divisione veterinaria Eli Lilly Italia Spa, Via A. Gramsci, 731, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Thomas Gin
- Elanco Animal Health, 24 Boulevard Vital Bouhot, 92521 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Frédéric Vangroenweghe
- Elanco Animal Health Benelux, Plantijn en Moretuslei 1 -3rd floor, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Rolf Bauerfeind
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Str. 85-89, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Pitagora 2, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Geoffrey Labarque
- Elanco Animal Health, 24 Boulevard Vital Bouhot, 92521 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Álvaro Hidalgo
- Elanco Animal Health, Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, RG249NL UK
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3
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Abstract
The first described adhesive antigen of Escherichia coli strains isolated from animals was the K88 antigen, expressed by strains from diarrheic pigs. The K88 antigen was visible by electron microscopy as a surface-exposed filament that was thin and flexible and had hemagglutinating properties. Many different fimbriae have been identified in animal enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and have been discussed in this article. The role of these fimbriae in the pathogenesis of ETEC has been best studied with K88, K99, 987P, and F41. Each fimbrial type carries at least one adhesive moiety that is specific for a certain host receptor, determining host species, age, and tissue specificities. ETEC are the most frequently diagnosed pathogens among neonatal and post-weaning piglets that die of diarrhea. Immune electron microscopy of animal ETEC fimbriae usually shows that the minor subunits are located at the fimbrial tips and at discrete sites along the fimbrial threads. Since fimbriae most frequently act like lectins by binding to the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins or glycolipids, fimbrial receptors have frequently been studied with red blood cells of various animal species. Identification and characterization of the binding moieties of ETEC fimbrial adhesins should be useful for the design of new prophylactic or therapeutic strategies. Some studies describing potential receptor or adhesin analogues that interfere with fimbria-mediated colonization have been described in the article.
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Okello E, Moonens K, Erume J, De Greve H. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains are highly prevalent in Ugandan piggeries but disease outbreaks are masked by antibiotic prophylaxis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 47:117-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chu H, Kang S, Ha S, Cho K, Park SM, Han KH, Kang SK, Lee H, Han SH, Yun CH, Choi Y. Lactobacillus acidophilusExpressing Recombinant K99 Adhesive Fimbriae Has an Inhibitory Effect on Adhesion of EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 49:941-8. [PMID: 16301804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most common enteric colibacillosis in neonatal and newborns is caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC). Colonization of ETEC in the small intestine is associated with adhesions using fimbriae, which is known as a specific adhesion factor and provides highly specific means for anchoring and prerequisite for an infectious agent. In the present study we have engineered Lactobacillus acidophilus to produce recombinant K99 fimbriae, which is used for the colonization to the intestine of pigs. The expression of K99 fimbrial protein was confirmed using SDS-PAGE, immunoblot and agglutination analyses. To evaluate a function of the K99 fimbrial protein, inhibition and competition tests were performed on pre-screened intestinal brush border from pigs. The tests showed that recombinant L. acidophilus, not control L. acidophilus, had a significant inhibitory effect to and competition against K99+ E. coli in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, we demonstrated that recombinant K99 fimbriae producing L. acidophilus was able to prevent E. coli binding to intestinal brush border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Chu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Korea
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Yan X, Huang X, Ren J, Ouyang J, Yang M, Han P, Huang L. Adhesion phenotypes of pigs of Chinese and Western breeds and a White Duroc-Erhualian crossbreed with regard to susceptibility to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliwith fimbrial adhesins K99, 987P, and F41. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:80-4. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vidotto MC, de Lima NCS, Fritzen JTT, de Freitas JC, Venâncio MJ, Ono MA. Frequency of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea in the North Parana State, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:199-204. [PMID: 24031344 PMCID: PMC3768501 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220090001000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of Escherichia coli causing porcine postweaning diarrhea requires knowledge regarding the prevalent pathotypes within a given region. A total of 100 Escherichia coli isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Londrina city, Parana State, South Brazil, were screened for the presence of genes for F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 fimbrial antigens by specific probes and for enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT and STx2e) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that 60% of the isolates were positive for one or more of the fimbrial antigens and 92% were positive at least for one of the virulence factors examined. Virulence factor genes detected were F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa (40%), STb (47%) and STx2e (3%). Twenty four patterns of virulence factor according to the different virulence genes form were found and the most frequent virulence gene pattern was F4, F18, F41, STa, STb and LT. Most of the isolates that carried genes for adhesins also harboured genes for toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilda C Vidotto
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva , Londrina, PR , Brasil
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Vu-Khac H, Holoda E, Pilipcinec E, Blanco M, Blanco JE, Dahbi G, Mora A, López C, González EA, Blanco J. Serotypes, virulence genes, intimin types and PFGE profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with diarrhoea in Slovakia. Vet J 2007; 174:176-87. [PMID: 16956777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and fifty Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoeic and healthy piglets were serotyped and tested for the presence of virulence genes for fimbriae, intimin, heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa and STb) enterotoxins, Stx toxins, and enteroaggregative heat-stable 1 (EAST1) enterotoxin by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although 220 isolates from diarrhoeic piglets belonged to 43 O serogroups and 77 O:H serotypes, 60% were of one of the 10 serogroups O2, O8, O15, O54, O84, O101, O141, O147, O149 and O157, and 60% belonged to only 10 serotypes (O8:H-, O54:H-, O84:H7, O101:H-, O141:H-, O141:H4, O147:H-, O149:H10, O163:H-, and ONT:H-). PCR showed that 79% of 220 isolates carried genes for at least one of the virulence factors tested. The gene encoding for EAST1 was the most prevalent (65%) followed by those encoding for STb (49%), LT (42%), STa (13%), and Stx2e (4%). Eighty-three (38%) of the 220 E. coli isolates carried the gene for F4 (K88), whereas genes for F18, F5 (K99), F41, F6 (P987), F17, and intimin (eae) were detected in 9%, 3%, 3%, 3%, 1%, and 3%, respectively. Seropathotype O149:H10:F4:LT/STb/EAST1 (70 isolates) was the most common, representing 32% of isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis with XbaI of 15 O149:H10 representative isolates from diarrhoeic piglets distinguished 14 types. The 15 isolates exhibited a wide variability of distinct restriction patterns though all belonged to the same serotype (O149:H10), and all but one showed identical virulence determinants (F4, LT, STb, and EAST1). Among 30 isolates from healthy piglets only two virulence genes were detected: EAST1 (26%) and eae (17%). In total, 12 isolates were positives for the eae gene: five isolates had intimin beta1, four possessed intimin theta and three showed intimin type xiB. This is believed to be the first study describing the presence of intimin type xiB in E. coli of porcine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vu-Khac
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
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Vu Khac H, Holoda E, Pilipcinec E, Blanco M, Blanco JE, Mora A, Dahbi G, López C, González EA, Blanco J. Serotypes, virulence genes, and PFGE profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea in Slovakia. BMC Vet Res 2006; 2:10. [PMID: 16549022 PMCID: PMC1475581 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postweaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs is usually the main infectious problem of large-scale farms and is responsible for significant losses worldwide. The disease is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). In this study a total of 101 E. coli isolated from pigs with PWD in Slovakia were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Results These 101 isolates belonged to 40 O:H serotypes. However, 57% of the isolates belonged to only six serotypes (O9:H51, O147:H-, O149:H10, O163:H-, ONT:H-, and ONT:H4), including two new serotypes (O163:H- and ONT:H4) not previously found among porcine ETEC and STEC isolated in other countries. Genes for EAST1, STb, STa, LT and Stx2e toxins were identified in 64%, 46%, 26%, 20%, and 5% of isolates, respectively. PCR showed that 35% of isolates carried genes for F18 colonization factor, and further analyzed by restriction endonuclease revealed that all of them were F18ac. Genes for F4 (K88), F6 (P987), F17, F5 (K99), F41, and intimin (eae gene) adhesins were detected in 19 %, 5%, 3%, 0.9%, 0.9%, and 0.9% of the isolates, respectively. The study of genetic diversity, carried out by PFGE of 46 representative ETEC and STEC isolates, revealed 36 distinct restriction profiles clustered in eight groups. Isolates of the same serotype were placed together in the dendrogram, but high degree of polymorphism among certain serotypes was detected. Conclusion Seropathotype O149:H10 LT/STb/EAST1/F4 (14 isolates) was the most commonly detected followed by O163:H- EAST1/F18 (six isolates), and ONT:H4 STa/STb/Stx2e/F18 (five isolates). Interestingly, this study shows that two new serotypes (O163:H- and ONT:H4) have emerged as pig pathogens in Slovakia. Furthermore, our results show that there is a high genetic variation mainly among ETEC of O149:H10 serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Vu Khac
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
- Department of Bacteriology, Central Vietnam Veterinary Institute, km4 Dong De street, NhaTrang, Vietnam
| | - Emil Holoda
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
| | - Emil Pilipcinec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
| | - Miguel Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jesús E Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ghizlane Dahbi
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Cecilia López
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Do TN, Cu PH, Nguyen HX, Au TX, Vu QN, Driesen SJ, Townsend KM, Chin JJC, Trott DJ. Pathotypes and serogroups of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pre-weaning pigs in north Vietnam. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:93-99. [PMID: 16388036 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) to pre-weaning diarrhoea was investigated over a 6 month period at five selected commercial piggeries (CPs) in north Vietnam with at least 100 sows each. Diarrhoea was found to affect 71·5 % of the litters born during the period of study. Of 406 faecal specimens submitted for bacteriological culture, 200 (49·3 %) yielded a heavy pure culture ofE. coliand 126 (31 %) were confirmed by PCR to carry at least one of eight porcine ETEC virulence genes. ETEC was responsible for 43 % of cases of diarrhoea in neonatal pigs during the first 4 days of life and 23·9 % of the remaining cases up until the age of weaning. Pathotypes were determined by PCR for the 126 ETEC isolates together with 44 ETEC isolates obtained from village pigs (VPs) raised by smallholder farmers. The CP isolates belonged to five pathotypes, four of which were also identified in VP isolates. Haemolytic serogroup O149 : K91 isolates that belonged to F4/STa/STb/LT were most commonly identified in both CPs (33 % of isolates) and VPs (45·5 %). Other combinations identified in both production systems included O64 (F5/STa), O101 (F4/STa/STb) and O-nontypable (F−/STb). A high proportion of CP isolates (22·3 %) possessed all three enterotoxins (STa/STb/LT), lacked the genes for all five tested fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F41 and F18) and belonged to serogroup O8. These unusual O8 F− isolates were haemolytic and were isolated from all ages of diarrhoeic piglets at each CP, suggesting that they have pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy N Do
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Phu H Cu
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen X Nguyen
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan X Au
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quy N Vu
- National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Steve J Driesen
- National Escherichia coli Reference and Serotyping Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Epsom, VIC 3551, Australia
| | - Kirsty M Townsend
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James J-C Chin
- Immunology & Microbiology, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Zhu G, Chen H, Choi BK, Del Piero F, Schifferli DM. Histone H1 proteins act as receptors for the 987P fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:23057-65. [PMID: 15840569 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503676200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tip adhesin FasG of the 987P fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli mediates two distinct adhesive interactions with brush border molecules of the intestinal epithelial cells of neonatal piglets. First, FasG attaches strongly to sulfatide with hydroxylated fatty acyl chains. This interaction involves lysine 117 and other lysine residues of FasG. Second, FasG recognizes specific intestinal brush border proteins that migrate on a sodium-dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel like a distinct set of 32-35-kDa proteins, as shown by ligand blotting assays. The protein sequence of high performance liquid chromatography-purified tryptic fragments of the major protein band matched sequences of human and murine histone H1 proteins. Porcine histone H1 proteins isolated from piglet intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated the same SDS-PAGE migration pattern and 987P binding properties as the 987P-specific protein receptors from porcine intestinal brush borders. Binding was dose-dependent and shown to be specific in adhesion inhibition and gel migration shift assays. Moreover, mapping of the histone H1 binding domain suggested that it is located in their lysine-rich C-terminal domains. Histone H1 molecules were visualized on the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Taken together these results indicated that the intestinal protein receptors for 987P are histone H1 proteins. It is suggested that histones are released into the intestinal lumen by the high turnover of the intestinal epithelium. Their strong cationic properties can explain their association with the negatively charged brush border surfaces. There, the histone H1 molecules stabilize the sulfatide-fimbriae interaction by simultaneously binding to the membrane and to 987P.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Escherichia coli/chemistry
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry
- Bacterial Adhesion
- Cations
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fimbriae Proteins/chemistry
- Fimbriae, Bacterial/metabolism
- Genotype
- Histones/chemistry
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestines/microbiology
- Ligands
- Lysine/chemistry
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microvilli/metabolism
- Microvilli/microbiology
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Swine
- Trypsin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhu
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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12
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Vu-Khac H, Holoda E, Pilipcinec E. Distribution of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic piglets in the Slovak Republic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 51:343-7. [PMID: 15525362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-two Escherichia coli isolates from 14 to 28-day-old piglets that died because of diarrhoea were examined for genes for fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), enterotoxins (STa, STb and LT), verotoxin (VT2e or Stx2e) and enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) by polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-two strains (24%) carried a gene for F4, whereas genes for F18, F6 and F5 + F41 were detected in 10.8, 3.3 and 1.1% of strains respectively. Genes for STb, LT, STa and Stx2e were detected in 40.2, 26.1, 14.1 and 1.1% of strains respectively. The astA gene was detected in 49 (53.3%) isolates, 35 of which also carried genes for enterotoxins and/or fimbriae. The major genotypes reached at (in decreasing order of prevalence) were F4/STb/LT/EAST1, F18/STa/STb/EAST1, STb/EAST1, F6/STa/STb/EAST1 and F18/STb/EAST1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vu-Khac
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Centre for Analysis of DNA, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, 041 81, Kosice, The Slovak Republic
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Chen X, Gao S, Jiao X, Liu XF. Prevalence of serogroups and virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea in eastern China. Vet Microbiol 2004; 103:13-20. [PMID: 15381261 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the present distribution of serogroups, hemolytic activity and virulence factors among Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea from eight provinces in eastern China. Two hundred and fifteen E. coli isolates were serogrouped with O-antisera, investigated for hemolytic activity, assessed for F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41 fimbrial antigens by monoclonal antibodies and detected for genes of enterotoxins and shiga-toxin-two-variant (Stx2e) by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among these E. coli isolates, 140 were determined to be placed in serogroups, 52 were unable to be serogrouped and the rest 23 auto-agglutinated. These isolates distributed in 45 serogroups and 64.3% (90/140) belonged to 12 O serogroups: O8, O9, O11, O20, O32, O91, O93, O101, O107, O115, O116 and O131. Hemolytic activity was detected in 11.6% (25/215) of all isolates. Several uncommon O serogroups were discovered in this study. Agglutination tests showed that 50.2% (108/215) of these isolates were positive for one or more of the five fimbrial antigens. Seventy-two E. coli strains expressed single fimbria and 36 strains expressed two or more fimbriae. Among these 215 E. coli isolates, strains expressing F18, F4, F6, F6 + F18 or F5 + F41 occurred more frequently. PCR analysis showed that 60.5% (130/215) of the isolates only harboured the gene of estI (STI) while 6.0% (13/215) strains possessed the genes of stx2e, estI and estII and 5.6% (12/215) of strains had the genes of estI/estII. Of all these isolates, 107 (49.8%) were negative for the fimbrial antigens examined. The fimbria-negative isolates usually possessed genetic determinant of estI (78, 72.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
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Vu-Khac H, Holoda E, Majerciak M, Gaspar G, Pilipcinec E. Genotyping of fimbrial adhesins in Escherichia coli strains isolated from Slovak piglets suffering from diarrhea. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 49:59-63. [PMID: 15114867 PMCID: PMC7090526 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Revised: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One-hundred sixty Escherichia coli isolates obtained from piglets with diarrhea from different parts of Slovakia were examined for the presence of genes coding for F4, F5, F6 and F41 fimbrial adhesins, and hemolytic activity. According to polymerase chain reaction tests 74 (46%) E. coli isolates were positive for primers that detected genes coding for fimbrial adhesins. Of these 74 isolates, 64 were positive for genes encoding for F4+, four for F5+, five for F6+, and one for both F41+ and F5+ adhesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vu-Khac
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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15
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Wong I, Garcı́a M, Rodrı́guez I, Ramos L, Olivera V. Fermentation scale up for production of antigen K88 expressed in Escherichia coli. Process Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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