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Lima LMA, da Silva AKJPF, Batista EK, Postal K, Kostenkova K, Fenton A, Crans DC, Silva WE, Belian MF, Lira EC. The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of a sulfur-oxidovanadium(IV) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 241:112127. [PMID: 36822888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of a new class of antidiabetic oxidovanadium(IV)-complexes with S2O2 coordination mode. The target complex 3,6-dithio-1,8-octanediolatooxidovanadium(IV), abbreviated as ([VIVO(octd)]), where octd = 3,6-dithio-1,8-octanediol, is formed from the reaction between the 3,6-dithio-1,8-octanediol and vanadyl sulfate (VIVOSO4). The effects of treatment with ([VIVO(octd)] on blood glucose, lipidic profile, body weight, food intake, water intake, urinary volume, glycogen levels, and biomarkers for liver toxicity were investigated using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats model. The results have shown that the [VIVO(octd)] complex caused a significant decrease in blood glucose (247.6 ± 19.3 mg/dL vs 430.1 ± 37.6 mg/dL diabetic group, p < 0.05), triglycerides (TG, 50%) and very low-density cholesterol (VLDL-C, 50%) levels in STZ-diabetic rats after 3 weeks of treatment. The [VIVO(octd)] has shown antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats as well as a reduction in elevated lipid levels. Time-dependent studies using EPR and 51V NMR spectroscopy of [VIVO(octd)] were done in aqueous solutions to determine the complex stability and species present in the oral gavage solution used for complex administration. The spectroscopic studies have shown that the antidiabetic/hypolipidemic activity could be attributed to [VIVO(octd)], vanadium species resulting from redox processes, the hydrolysis of [VIVO(octd)] and its decomposition products, or some combination of these factors. In summary, the oxidovanadium(IV) complex containing the S2O2 donor ligand has desirable antidiabetic properties eliminating the symptoms of Diabetes mellitus and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane M A Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda K J P F da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eucilene K Batista
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kahoana Postal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80513, USA
| | - Kateryna Kostenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80513, USA
| | - Alex Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80513, USA
| | - Debbie C Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80513, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80513, USA
| | - Wagner E Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Belian
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo C Lira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Wang L, Pan Y, Yang F, Guo X, Peng J, Wang X, Fang Y, Chen J, Yi X, Cao H, Hu G. New sight into interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy induced by vanadium in duck renal tubule epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 362:109981. [PMID: 35588787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is a common environmental and industrial pollutant that can cause nephrotoxicity in animals in excess. The purpose of this research was to explore the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy induced by V in the kidney of ducks. Duck renal tubule epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) (0, 100 and 200 μM) and PERK inhibitor (GSK, 1 μM), or autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine, 50 μM) alone for 24 h (chloroquine for the last 4 h). The results showed that exposure to V caused the dilatation and swelling of the ER and intracellular calcium overload, and upregulated PERK, eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA levels and p-PERK and CHOP protein levels associated with ER stress in cells. Additionally, V markedly increased the number of autophagosomes, acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and LC3 puncta, as well as the mRNA levels of Beclin1, Atg5, Atg12, LC3A and LC3B and protein levels of Beclin1, Atg5 and LC3B-II/LC3B-I, but decreased the imRNA and protein levels of p62. Moreover, treatment with the PERK inhibitor ameliorated the changed factors above induced by V, but the V-induced variation of ER-stress related factors were aggravated after treatment with the autophagy inhibitor. Together, our data suggested that excessive V could induce ER stress and autophagy in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. ER stress might promote V-induced autophagy via the PERK/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway, and autophagy may play a role in alleviating ER stress induced by V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yueying Pan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Xiaowang Guo
- Yichun Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Junjun Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yukun Fang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xin Yi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, PR China
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He Z, You G, Liu Q, Li N. Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus in Comparison: The Therapeutic Efficacy of the Vanadium Compound. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111931. [PMID: 34769364 PMCID: PMC8584792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease that leads to dementia, primarily in elderly people. The neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein has been demonstrated over the last two decades. In line with these findings, several etiological hypotheses of AD have been proposed, including the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the oxidative stress hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the cholinergic hypothesis, et al. In the meantime, great efforts had been made in developing effective drugs for AD. However, the clinical efficacy of the drugs that were approved by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) to date were determined only mild/moderate. We recently adopted a vanadium compound bis(ethylmaltolato)-oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV), which was originally used for curing diabetes mellitus (DM), to treat AD in a mouse model. It was shown that BEOV effectively reduced the Aβ level, ameliorated the inflammation in brains of the AD mice, and improved the spatial learning and memory activities of the AD mice. These finding encouraged us to further examine the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of BEOV in AD. In this review, we summarized the achievement of vanadium compounds in medical studies and investigated the prospect of BEOV in AD and DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.H.); (G.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guanying You
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.H.); (G.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.H.); (G.Y.); (Q.L.)
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.H.); (G.Y.); (Q.L.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0)755-2653-5432; Fax: +86-(0)755-8671-3951
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Usende IL, Olopade JO, Emikpe BO, Nafady AAHM. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in kidney and liver of African Giant Rats (Cricetomysgambianus, Waterhouse, 1840) exposed to intraperitoneal sodium metavanadate (vanadium) intoxication. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103414. [PMID: 32442722 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the hepatic and renal impact of sodium metavanadate (SMV) exposure in African giant rats (AGR). Twelve male AGR were used and divided into two groups. The control group received sterile water while the SMV-exposed group received 3 mg/kg SMV intraperitoneally for 14 days. SMV exposed AGR groups showed significantly decreased activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP and creatinine concentration but increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and globulin concentrations. Kidney ultrastructure examination revealed atrophy of the glomerular tuft, loss of podocytes, distortions of the endothelium and glomerular basement membrane. The liver sinusoids fenestration phenotypes were abnormal. Hepatocytes exhibited hypertrophy with uneven, crenated and dentate nuclei. SMV exposure induced activation of monocytes, as well as Kupffer and fibrous cells. Alterations in glomerular podocytes and cell-cell and cell matrix contact and inflammatory liver fibrosis are key events in progressive glomerular failure and hepatic damage due to SMV intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifukibot Levi Usende
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Ścibior A, Pietrzyk Ł, Plewa Z, Skiba A. Vanadium: Risks and possible benefits in the light of a comprehensive overview of its pharmacotoxicological mechanisms and multi-applications with a summary of further research trends. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126508. [PMID: 32305626 PMCID: PMC7152879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanadium (V) is an element with a wide range of effects on the mammalian organism. The ability of this metal to form organometallic compounds has contributed to the increase in the number of studies on the multidirectional biological activity of its various organic complexes in view of their application in medicine. OBJECTIVE This review aims at summarizing the current state of knowledge of the pharmacological potential of V and the mechanisms underlying its anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activity as well as the mechanisms of appetite regulation related to the possibility of using this element in the treatment of obesity. The toxicological potential of V and the mechanisms of its toxic action, which have not been sufficiently recognized yet, as well as key information about the essentiality of this metal, its physiological role, and metabolism with certain aspects on the timeline is collected as well. The report also aims to review the use of V in the implantology and industrial sectors emphasizing the human health hazard as well as collect data on the directions of further research on V and its interactions with Mg along with their character. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Multidirectional studies on V have shown that further analyses are still required for this element to be used as a metallodrug in the fight against certain life-threatening diseases. Studies on interactions of V with Mg, which showed that both elements are able to modulate the response in an interactive manner are needed as well, as the results of such investigations may help not only in recognizing new markers of V toxicity and clarify the underlying interactive mechanism between them, thus improving the medical application of the metals against modern-age diseases, but also they may help in development of principles of effective protection of humans against environmental/occupational V exposure.
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Key Words
- 3-HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA
- AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AS, antioxidant status
- Akt, protein kinase B (PKB)
- AmD, Assoc American Dietetic Association
- Anti-B, anti-bacterial
- Anti-C, anti-cancer
- Anti-D, anti-diabetic
- Anti-F, anti-fungal
- Anti-O, anti-obesity
- Anti-P, anti-parasitic
- Anti-V, anti-viral
- Anti−HC, anti-hypercholesterolemic
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A
- ApoB, apolipoprotein B
- B, bone
- BCOV, bis(curcumino)oxavanadyl
- BEOV, bis(ethylmaltolato)oxovanadium
- BMOV, bis(maltolato)oxavanadium(IV)
- Bim, Blc-2 interacting mediator of cell death
- Biological role
- BrOP, bromoperoxidase
- C, cholesterol
- C/EBPα, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α
- CD4, CD4 receptor
- CH, cerebral hemisphere
- CHO-K1, Chinese hamster ovary cells
- CXCR-4, CXCR-4 chemokine co-receptor
- Cardio-P, cardioprotective
- Citrate-T, citrate transporter
- CoA, coenzyme A
- Cyt c, cytochrome c
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- ELI, extra low interstitial
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- FHR, fructose hypertensive rats
- FKHR/FKHR1/AFX, class O members of the forkhead transcription factor family
- FLIP, FLICE-inhibitory protein
- FOXOs, forkhead box class O family member proteins
- FPP, farnesyl-pyrophosphate
- FasL, Fas ligand, FER: ferritin
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GLU, glucose
- GLUT-4, glucose transporter type 4
- GPP, geranyl-pyrophosphate
- GPT, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSSG, disulfide glutathione
- HDL, high-density lipoproteins
- HDL-C, HDL cholesterol
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HMMF, high molecular mass fraction
- HOMA-IR, insulin resistance index
- Hb, hemoglobin
- HbF, hemoglobin fraction
- Hyper-LEP, hyperleptynemia
- IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- IGF-IR, insulin-like growth factor receptor
- IL, interleukin
- INS, insulin
- INS-R, insulin resistance
- INS-S, insulin sensitivity
- IPP, isopentenyl-5-pyrophosphate
- IRS, insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Industrial importance
- Interactions
- JAK2, Janus kinase 2
- K, kidney
- L, liver
- L-AA, L-ascorbic acid
- LDL, low-density lipoproteins
- LDL-C, LDL cholesterol
- LEP, leptin
- LEP-R, leptin resistance
- LEP-S, leptin sensitivity
- LEPS, the concentration of leptin in the serum
- LMMF, low molecular mass fraction
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- Lactate-T, lactate transporter
- M, mitochondrion
- MEK, ERK kinase activator
- MRC, mitochondrial respiratory chain
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NEP, neutral endopeptidase
- NIDDM, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- NO, nitric oxide
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- NaVO3, sodium metavanadate
- Neuro-P, neuroprotective
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Organic-AT, organic anion transporter
- Over-W, over-weight
- P, plasma
- PANC-1, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
- PLGA, (Poly)Lactide-co-Glycolide copolymer
- PO43−, phosphate ion
- PPARγ, peroxisome-activated receptor γ
- PTK, tyrosine protein kinase
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- PTP-1B, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- Pharmacological activity
- Pi3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)
- RBC, erythrocytes
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT, reverse transcriptase
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SAcP, acid phosphatase secreted by Leshmania
- SC-Ti-6Al-4V, surface-coated Ti-6Al-4V
- SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT3, signal transducer/activator of transcription 3
- Sa, mean roughness
- Sq, root mean square roughness
- Sz, ten-point height
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TS, transferrin saturation
- Tf, transferrin
- TfF, transferrin fraction
- TiO2, nHA:Ag-Ti-6Al-4V: titanium oxide-based coating containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticle and silver particles
- Top-IB, IB type topoisomerase
- Toxicological potential
- V, vanadium
- V-BrPO, vanadium bromoperoxidase
- V-DLC, diamond-like layer with vanadium
- V5+/V4+, pentavalent/tetravalent vanadium
- VO2+, vanadyl cation
- VO2+-FER, vanadyl-ferritin complex
- VO4-/VO3-, vanadate anion
- VO43-, vanadate ion
- VS, vanadyl sulfate
- Vanadium
- WB, whole blood
- ZDF rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats
- ZF rats, Zucker fatty rats
- breakD, breakdown
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- mo, months
- n-HA, nano-hydroxyapatite
- pRb, retinoblastoma protein
- wk, weeks
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paull II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pietrzyk
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paull II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Plewa
- Department of General, Oncological, and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1 Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skiba
- Military Clinical Hospital with the Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, Poland
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Koubaa FG, Abdennabi R, Salah ASB, El Feki A. Microwave extraction of Salvia officinalis essential oil and assessment of its GC-MS identification and protective effects versus vanadium-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats models. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:404-413. [PMID: 29884068 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1478427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assess the impact of Salvia officinalis essential oil on renal toxicity induced by vanadium in rats. The animals were exposed to either ammonium metavanadate (5 mg/kg body weight) or the combination of vanadium and S. officinalis essential oil (15 mg EO/kg body weight) for 10 days. Vanadium induced significant renal damage, demonstrated by increased plasma levels of urea and creatinine. A marked increase in lipid peroxidation markers and carbonyl protein levels with a significant decrease in enzymatic antioxidants (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was also observed in vanadium-treated rats. Histopathological studies also showed vanadium-induced alterations. Concomitant administration of sage essential oil significantly restored biochemical markers and pathological lesions. This protective effect seems to be due to the richness of this extract in β-caryophyllene, limonene, carvacrol, caryophyllene, borneol and α-pinene, and α-pinene and α-thujene. These rates are determined by GC MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ghorbel Koubaa
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Raed Abdennabi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, Sfax University , Sfax , Tunisia
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry , Athens , Greece
| | - Ahlem Soussi Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University , Sfax , Tunisia
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Rana D, Kumar A. Is there a Role for Sodium Orthovanadate in the Treatment of Diabetes? Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:284-287. [PMID: 30179137 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180903162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, whose incidences are increasing day by day. Various classes of anti-diabetic drugs are clinically approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, but unfortunately, none of them is able to treat this condition. Thus, the exploration of novel mechanistic pathways of existing molecules may help to develop more safe and effective anti-diabetic agents. Sodium orthovanadate is a well known common laboratory agent used to preserve the protein tyrosyl phosphorylation state of the protein. METHODS The data related to sodium orthovanadate and diabetes mellitus has been collected from Pubmed. RESULTS Various reports have indicated the potential of sodium orthovanadate as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibitors which play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, safety of Sodium orthovanadate is still questionable. CONCLUSION The sodium orthovanadate could be developed as an anti-diabetic agent. However, further studies are required to confirm its safety profile in the treatment of diabetes mellitus before starting a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rana
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship Pharmacy College (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship Pharmacy College (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
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Eiam-Ong S, Nakchui Y, Chaipipat M, Eiam-Ong S. Vanadate-Induced Renal cAMP and Malondialdehyde Accumulation Suppresses Alpha 1 Sodium Potassium Adenosine Triphosphatase Protein Levels. Toxicol Res 2018; 34:143-150. [PMID: 29686776 PMCID: PMC5903140 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that vanadate causes nephrotoxicity. Vanadate inhibits renal sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase) activity and this is more pronounced in injured renal tissues. Cardiac cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is enhanced by vanadate, while increased cAMP suppresses Na, K-ATPase action in renal tubular cells. There are no in vivo data collectively demonstrating the effect of vanadate on renal cAMP levels; on the abundance of the alpha 1 isoform (α1) of the Na, K-ATPase protein or its cellular localization; or on renal tissue injury. In this study, rats received a normal saline solution or vanadate (5 mg/kg BW) by intraperitoneal injection for 10 days. Levels of vanadium, cAMP, and malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation were measured in renal tissues. Protein abundance and the localization of renal α1-Na, K-ATPase was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Renal tissue injury was examined by histological evaluation and renal function was assessed by blood biochemical parameters. Rats treated with vanadate had markedly increased vanadium levels in their plasma, urine, and renal tissues. Vanadate significantly induced renal cAMP and MDA accumulation, whereas the protein level of α1-Na, K-ATPase was suppressed. Vanadate caused renal damage, azotemia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia. Fractional excretions of all studied electrolytes were increased with vanadate administration. These in vivo findings demonstrate that vanadate might suppress renal α1-Na, K-ATPase protein functionally by enhancing cAMP and structurally by augmenting lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchit Eiam-Ong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuyen Nakchui
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhonsrithammarat, Thailand
| | - Mookda Chaipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Soussi A, Abdennabi R, Ghorbel F, Murat JC, El Feki AF. Ameliorated Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Against Toxicity Induced by Vanadium in the Kidneys of Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:239-245. [PMID: 28357648 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the protective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a flavonoid abundant in green tea, against ammonium metavanadate (AMV)-induced oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Four groups of animals have been used, a control group and three test groups. In the first test group, AMV was intra-peritoneally (i.p) injected daily (5 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days). The second test group of animals was also injected daily with EGCG (5 mg/kg body weight) during the same period. However, the third test group was i.p. injected with both AMV and EGCG (5 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days). When given alone, AMV induced an oxidative stress evidenced by an increase of lipid peroxidation levels (expressed as TBARS concentration) in kidney. In these animals, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly decreased, suggesting significant reduction of the antioxidant defense system at the cell level. Kidney histological sections, showed glomerular hypertrophy and tubular dilatation. In AMV-treated animals receiving EGCG, the oxidative stress was much less pronounced and activities of antioxidant enzymes were kept close to control values. Histopathological changes were less prominent. Our results confirm that green tea and other sources of flavonoids might confer a strong protection against ammonium metavanadate-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Soussi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, PB 802, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Raed Abdennabi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Fatma Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, PB 802, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Abdel Fettah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, PB 802, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ahmadi F, Nematbakhsh M, Kargarfard M, Eshraghi-Jazi F, Talebi A, Shirdavani S. Effect of aerobic exercise against vanadyl sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. J Renal Inj Prev 2016; 5:183-7. [PMID: 27689120 PMCID: PMC5039986 DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vanadium compounds are insulin like drugs which are accompanied with nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as their major side effects. Aerobic exercise is well known as an approach to reduce the side effects of many drugs.
Objectives: This study was designed to determine the role of aerobic exercise against vanadyl sulphate induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in male rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I had aerobic exercise on a treadmill 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Group II received vanadyl sulphate (50 mg/kg/week; i.p.) for 6 weeks. Group III had combination of exercise and vanadyl sulphate therapy as groups 1 and 2. At the end of study, blood samples were obtained, and the animals were sacrificed for the tissues injury determination.
Results: Vanadyl sulphate alone increased serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and kidney weight (KW) and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) (P<0.05). These observations revealed nephrotoxicity induced by vanadyl sulphate, although exercise training did not attenuate these results. In addition, vanadyl sulphate alone induced liver tissue damage score and exercise training intensified it insignificantly, while the serum levels of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase were greater in exercise alone group than others groups.
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise could not attenuate vanadyl sulphate induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. These findings must be considered when vanadyl sulphate is suggested as insulin like drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Water & Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Department of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water & Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; IsfahanMN Institute of Basic & Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Sport Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eshraghi-Jazi
- Water & Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Water & Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheila Shirdavani
- Water & Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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Domingo JL, Gómez M. Vanadium compounds for the treatment of human diabetes mellitus: A scientific curiosity? A review of thirty years of research. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:137-41. [PMID: 27417449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the second part of the 1980s, and in the 1990s, a number of investigators demonstrated -mainly in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats-that the vanadate and vanadyl forms of vanadium possessed a number of insulin-like effects in various cells. It was hypothesized that oral vanadium could be an alternative treatment to parenteral insulin in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. However, the long-term and/or chronic administration of vanadium compounds should also mean tissue vanadium accumulation and risks of toxicity. The purpose of this review was to revise the current-state-of-the-art on the use of vanadium in the treatment of human diabetes. It has been conducted more than three decades after the first report on the beneficial insulin-mimetic effects of oral vanadium administration in STZ-diabetic rats. Although the antidiabetic effects of vanadium in STZ-diabetic rodents are well supported, in the few studies on human patients with positive results, that are available in the literature, vanadium compounds were administered during very short periods. We conclude that vanadium administration for the treatment of human diabetes is misplaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Gómez
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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12
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Jayasumana C, Gunatilake S, Siribaddana S. Simultaneous exposure to multiple heavy metals and glyphosate may contribute to Sri Lankan agricultural nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:103. [PMID: 26162605 PMCID: PMC4499177 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sri Lankan Agricultural Nephropathy (SAN), a new form of chronic kidney disease among paddy farmers was first reported in 1994. It has now become the most debilitating public health issue in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Previous studies showed SAN is a tubulo-interstitial type nephropathy and exposure to arsenic and cadmium may play a role in pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS Urine samples of patients with SAN (N = 10) from Padavi-Sripura, a disease endemic area, and from two sets of controls, one from healthy participants (N = 10) from the same endemic area and the other from a non-endemic area (N = 10; Colombo district) were analyzed for 19 heavy metals and for the presence of the pesticide- glyphosate. RESULTS In both cases and the controls who live in the endemic region, median concentrations of urinary Sb, As, Cd, Co, Pb, Mn, Ni, Ti and V exceed the reference range. With the exception of Mo in patients and Al, Cu, Mo, Se, Ti and Zn in endemic controls, creatinine adjusted values of urinary heavy metals and glyphosate were significantly higher when compared to non-endemic controls. Creatinine unadjusted values were significant higher for 14 of the 20 chemicals studied in endemic controls and 7 in patients, compared to non-endemic controls. The highest urinary glyphosate concentration was recorded in SAN patients (range 61.0-195.1 μg/g creatinine). CONCLUSIONS People in disease endemic area exposed to multiple heavy metals and glyphosate. Results are supportive of toxicological origin of SAN that is confined to specific geographical areas. Although we could not localize a single nephrotoxin as the culprit for SAN, multiple heavy metals and glyphosates may play a role in the pathogenesis. Heavy metals excessively present in the urine samples of patients with SAN are capable of causing damage to kidneys. Synergistic effects of multiple heavy metals and agrochemicals may be nephrotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa Jayasumana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sarath Gunatilake
- Department of Health Science, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA.
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka.
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13
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Jayasumana C, Fonseka S, Fernando A, Jayalath K, Amarasinghe M, Siribaddana S, Gunatilake S, Paranagama P. Phosphate fertilizer is a main source of arsenic in areas affected with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka. SPRINGERPLUS 2015. [PMID: 25763302 DOI: 10.1186/s40064‐015‐0868‐z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has escalated into an epidemic in North Central Province (NCP) and adjacent farming areas in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Studies have shown that this special type of CKD is a toxic nephropathy and arsenic may play a causative role along with a number of other heavy metals. We investigated the hypothesis that chemical fertilizers and pesticide could be a source of arsenic. 226 samples of Fertilizers and 273 samples of pesticides were collected and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for arsenic and other heavy metals in two university laboratories. Almost all the agrochemicals available to the farmers in the study area are contaminated with arsenic. The highest amount was in triple super phosphate (TSP) with a mean value of 31 mg/kg. Also TSP is a rich source of other nephrotoxic metals including Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and V. Annually more than 0.1 million tons of TSP is imported to Sri Lanka containing approximately 2100 kg of arsenic. The next highest concentration was seen in the rock phosphate obtained from an open pit mine in NCP (8.56 mg/kg). Organic fertilizer contained very low amounts of arsenic. Arsenic contamination in pesticides varied from 0.18 mg/kg to 2.53 mg/kg although arsenic containing pesticides are banned in Sri Lanka. Glyphosate the most widely used pesticide in Sri Lanka contains average of 1.9 mg/kg arsenic. Findings suggest that agrochemicals especially phosphate fertilizers are a major source of inorganic arsenic in CKDu endemic areas. Organic fertilizer available in Sri Lanka is comparatively very low in arsenic and hence the farmers in CKDu endemic areas in Sri Lanka should be encouraged to minimize the use of imported chemical fertilizer and use organic fertilizers instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa Jayasumana
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Saranga Fonseka
- Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, 11600 Sri Lanka
| | - Ashvin Fernando
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Rajagiriya, 10100 Sri Lanka
| | - Kumudika Jayalath
- Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, 11600 Sri Lanka
| | - Mala Amarasinghe
- Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, 11600 Sri Lanka
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Sarath Gunatilake
- Department of Health Science, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA
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14
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Jayasumana C, Fonseka S, Fernando A, Jayalath K, Amarasinghe M, Siribaddana S, Gunatilake S, Paranagama P. Phosphate fertilizer is a main source of arsenic in areas affected with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:90. [PMID: 25763302 PMCID: PMC4348354 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has escalated into an epidemic in North Central Province (NCP) and adjacent farming areas in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Studies have shown that this special type of CKD is a toxic nephropathy and arsenic may play a causative role along with a number of other heavy metals. We investigated the hypothesis that chemical fertilizers and pesticide could be a source of arsenic. 226 samples of Fertilizers and 273 samples of pesticides were collected and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for arsenic and other heavy metals in two university laboratories. Almost all the agrochemicals available to the farmers in the study area are contaminated with arsenic. The highest amount was in triple super phosphate (TSP) with a mean value of 31 mg/kg. Also TSP is a rich source of other nephrotoxic metals including Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and V. Annually more than 0.1 million tons of TSP is imported to Sri Lanka containing approximately 2100 kg of arsenic. The next highest concentration was seen in the rock phosphate obtained from an open pit mine in NCP (8.56 mg/kg). Organic fertilizer contained very low amounts of arsenic. Arsenic contamination in pesticides varied from 0.18 mg/kg to 2.53 mg/kg although arsenic containing pesticides are banned in Sri Lanka. Glyphosate the most widely used pesticide in Sri Lanka contains average of 1.9 mg/kg arsenic. Findings suggest that agrochemicals especially phosphate fertilizers are a major source of inorganic arsenic in CKDu endemic areas. Organic fertilizer available in Sri Lanka is comparatively very low in arsenic and hence the farmers in CKDu endemic areas in Sri Lanka should be encouraged to minimize the use of imported chemical fertilizer and use organic fertilizers instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channa Jayasumana
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Saranga Fonseka
- Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, 11600 Sri Lanka
| | - Ashvin Fernando
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Rajagiriya, 10100 Sri Lanka
| | - Kumudika Jayalath
- Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, 11600 Sri Lanka
| | - Mala Amarasinghe
- Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, 11600 Sri Lanka
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Sarath Gunatilake
- Department of Health Science, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA
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15
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Almac E, Bezemer R, Kandil A, Aksu U, Milstein DMJ, Bakker J, Demirci-Tansel C, Ince C. Bis maltolato oxovanadium (BMOV) and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014; 2:3. [PMID: 26266905 PMCID: PMC4512971 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to test the potential protective effects of the organic vanadium salt bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (BMOV; 15 mg/kg) in the context of renal ischemia/reperfusion (30 min of ischemia) and its effects on renal oxygenation and renal function in the acute phase of reperfusion (up to 90 min post-ischemia).
Methods
Ischemia was established in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated male Wistar rats by renal artery clamping. Renal microvascular and venous oxygenation were measured using phosphorimetry. Creatinine clearance rate, sodium reabsorption, and renal oxygen handling efficiency were considered markers for renal function.
Results
The main findings were that BMOV did not affect the systemic and renal hemodynamic and oxygenation variables and partially protected renal sodium reabsorption.
Conclusions
Pretreatment with the organic vanadium compound BMOV did not protect the kidney from I/R injury.
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Ścibior A, Gołębiowska D, Adamczyk A, Niedźwiecka I, Fornal E. The renal effects of vanadate exposure: potential biomarkers and oxidative stress as a mechanism of functional renal disorders--preliminary studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:740105. [PMID: 24605335 PMCID: PMC3925536 DOI: 10.1155/2014/740105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in the levels/activities of selected biomarkers for detecting kidney toxicity and in the levels of some oxidative stress (OS) markers and elements were studied in male rats to evaluate biochemically the degree of kidney damage, investigate the role of OS in the mechanism of functional renal disorders, reveal potential biomarkers of renal function, and assess the renal mineral changes in the conditions of a 12-week sodium metavanadate (SMV, 0.125 mg V/mL) exposure. The results showed that OS is involved in the mechanism underlying the development of SMV-induced functional renal disturbances. They also suggest that the urinary cystatin C (CysCu) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1u) could be the most appropriate to evaluate renal function at the conditions of SMV intoxication when the fluid intake, excreted urinary volume (EUV), body weight (BW), and the urinary creatinine excretion (Creu) decreased. The use of such tests as the urinary lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (LDHu, ALPu, GGTPu, and NAGu) seems not to be valid given their reduced activities. The use of only traditional biomarkers of renal function in these conditions may, in turn, be insufficient because their alterations are greatly influenced by the changes in the fluid intake and/or BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Gołębiowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irmina Niedźwiecka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 102 Kraśnicka Avenue, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
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17
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Features and full reversibility of the renal toxicity of the ruthenium-based drug NAMI-A in mice. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 118:21-7. [PMID: 23123335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ruthenium-based compound imidazolium trans-imidazoledimethylsulfoxide-tetrachlororuthenate (NAMI-A) is free of cytotoxicity up to 1mM concentration after 1h in vitro exposure of the LLC-PK1 renal tubule cells. In vivo, one cycle of i.p. administrations of 35 mg/kg/day NAMI-A (1 cycle=6 consecutive days), is free of a measurable toxicity on mouse kidneys. After two cycles with a one-week drug-free washout between cycles, mitochondrial membrane potential of the renal cells drops by 37% (p<0.05), serum creatinine increases by 30% (p<0.05) and a significant decrease of body weight of 12% (p<0.05) occurs. These parameters return to normal within 7 days after the end of treatment. A cycle-dependent alteration of glomeruli and a diffused swelling of renal tubules are also evident leading to a significant alteration of these structures after the third cycle. These effects are completely prevented if a 2-week drug free washout is used between two consecutive cycles. These data support the toxic accumulation of NAMI-A or of its products of transformation in the kidneys and stress the need of at least 14 days washout between two treatment cycles when the drug is given daily for 6 consecutive days.
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18
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Liu X, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Cui W, Wu B. Suppression of renal cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest: Cytotoxicity of vanadium in broilers. Health (London) 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.42016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Cristofori P, Defazio R, Chiusolo A, Mongillo M, Bartolucci GB, Chiara F, Trevisan A. Hyaline droplet accumulation in kidney of rats treated with hexachloro-1:3-butadiene: influence of age, dose and time-course. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:183-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michele Mongillo
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health; Padua University; Padua; Italy
| | | | - Federica Chiara
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health; Padua University; Padua; Italy
| | - Andrea Trevisan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health; Padua University; Padua; Italy
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20
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Wei Y, Zhang C, Zhao P, Yang X, Wang K. A new salicylic acid-derivatized kojic acid vanadyl complex: Synthesis, characterization and anti-diabetic therapeutic potential. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1081-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Marouane W, Soussi A, Murat JC, Bezzine S, El Feki A. The protective effect of Malva sylvestris on rat kidney damaged by vanadium. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:65. [PMID: 21513564 PMCID: PMC3104358 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protective effect of the common mallow (Malva sylvestris) decoction on renal damages in rats induced by ammonium metavanadate poisoning was evaluated. On the one hand, vanadium toxicity is associated to the production of reactive oxygen species, causing a lipid peroxidation and an alteration in the enzymatic antioxidant defence. On the other hand, many medicinal plants are known to possess antioxidant and radical scavenging properties, thanks to the presence of flavonoids. These properties were confirmed in Malva sylvestris by two separate methods; namely, the Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay and the Nitroblue Tetrazolium reduction assay. Results In 80 rats exposed to ammonium metavanadate (0.24 mmol/kg body weight in drinking water) for 90 days, lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in kidney. A significant increase in the formation of free radicals and antioxidant enzyme activities was noticed. In addition, a histological examination of kidney revealed a structural deterioration of the renal cortical capsules and a shrinking of the Bowman space. In animals intoxicated by metavanadate but also given a Malva sylvestris decoction (0.2 g dry mallow/kg body weight), no such pathologic features were observed: lipid peroxidation levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and histological features appeared normal as compared to control rats. Conclusion Malva sylvestris is proved to have a high antioxidative potential thanks to its richness in phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Marouane
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Route de Soukra 3038 Sfax-University of Sfax-Tunisia
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22
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Trevisan A, Nicolli A, Chiara F. Are rats the appropriate experimental model to understand age-related renal drug metabolism and toxicity? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:1451-9. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.531701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Zanetti E, Chiusolo A, Defazio R, Casartelli A, Cappelletti E, Bocchini N, Chiara F, Cristofori P, Trevisan A. Evaluation of aging influence on renal toxicity caused by segment-specific nephrotoxicants of the proximal tubule in rat. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 30:142-50. [PMID: 19742859 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Little is known concerning the sensitivity of aged rats to xenobiotics inducing kidney damage. To increase this knowledge, the age-dependent response of the kidney to hexachloro-1 : 3-butadiene (HCBD) or potassium dichromate (chromate) was investigated. Rats were treated at different ages with a single dose of segment-specific nephrotoxicants of the proximal tubule, chosen on the basis of their specificity for S(3) and for S(1)-S(2) segments, respectively. The toxicological impact of these xenobiotics has been evaluated through biochemical and genomic markers, and histopathological investigation of kidney samples. HCBD treatment induced tubular necrosis of the S(3) segment of the proximal tubule associated with changes of toxicological markers unrelated to the age. In contrast, chromate treatment induced an increased kidney damage related to the rat age. In fact, histopathological investigation revealed that at 1 month of age tubular vacuolar degeneration was seen affecting S(1)-S(2) segments of the proximal tubule, whereas at 3 months of age tubular necrosis occurred in the same segments associated with tubular dilation of the distal portions. Consistently, biochemical analysis confirmed a direct correlation among genomic and biochemical marker variability and animal age. Altogether, the results show that during aging there is an increased sensitivity of kidney to chromate but not to HCBD-induced damage and evidence differential age-related selectivity of rats for nephrotoxic compounds. Significance for human risk assessment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Zanetti
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Föller M, Sopjani M, Mahmud H, Lang F. Vanadate-induced suicidal erythrocyte death. Kidney Blood Press Res 2008; 31:87-93. [PMID: 18319605 DOI: 10.1159/000119704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium, a trace element, as vanadate (VO4(3-)) is known to interfere with a wide variety of enzymes including Ca2+ ATPase and Na+/+ ATPase. VO4(3-) is excreted mainly via the kidney. In renal insufficiency, the impaired VO4(3-) excretion leads to VO4(3-) accumulation in blood.The present study explored the effect of VO4(3-) on eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Eryptotic cells are phagocytosed and thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. Stimulators of eryptosis include an increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Erythrocyte Ca2+ activity was estimated from Fluo-3 fluorescence, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V-binding, and erythrocyte volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis. Exposure of erythrocytes to VO4(3-) increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, enhanced the percentage of annexin V-binding erythrocytes, decreased erythrocyte forward scatter, and lowered the intracellular ATP concentration. In conclusion, VO4(3-) induces eryptosis at least partially through increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, an effect presumably contributing to the development of anemia in chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Scibior A, Zaporowska H. Effects of vanadium(V) and/or chromium(III) on L-ascorbic acid and glutathione as well as iron, zinc, and copper levels in rat liver and kidney. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2007; 70:696-704. [PMID: 17365624 DOI: 10.1080/15287390601187906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the selected parameters of the antioxidant system in liver and kidney after in vivo administration of vanadium and/or chromium in rats. Outbred 2-mo-old albino male Wistar rats received drinking water for 12 wk with either sodium metavanadate (SMV; group II); chromium chloride (Cr; group III); or sodium metavanadate and chromium chloride (SMV-Cr; group IV); and group I (control) received deionized water. Chronic treatment with V alone or in combination with Cr produced a significant increase in kidney relative weight. Further, giving rats V alone also led to a significant elevation in liver relative weight. An increase in hepatic Fe concentration and renal Zn content occurred after treatment with V or Cr, respectively. The rats coadministered V and Cr had significantly higher levels of Fe in liver and Zn in kidneys. Simultaneous administration of these two elements resulted in a significant decrease in renal L-ascorbic acid concentration. V given alone significantly decreased GSH content and GSH/GSSG ratio in liver and kidney as well as increased GSSG concentration in liver, whereas Cr alone produced a significant decrease in GSH content in kidney and GSH/GSSG ratio in both organs. In the SMV-Cr-treated group a significant decrease in renal GSH concentration and GSH/GSSG ratio in both organs occurred. A significant increase in liver GSSG content was also found. The observed significant changes in kidney GSH content and in GSH/GSSG ratio in both rat tissues after Cr might result from the pro-oxidant actions of this metal. Thus, oxidative stress, which is a major pathway for V-induced toxicity, might also be associated with Cr(III)-induced adverse effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Scibior
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Environmental Protection, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Scibior A, Zaporowska H, Ostrowski J. Selected haematological and biochemical parameters of blood in rats after subchronic administration of vanadium and/or magnesium in drinking water. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 51:287-95. [PMID: 16783625 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-005-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effect of selected vanadium and magnesium doses on certain haematological and biochemical blood parameters in rats. Outbred 2-month-old, albino male Wistar rats received for a period of 6 weeks, as a sole drinking liquid, the following water solutions: group II, sodium metavanadate (SMV) at a concentration of 0.125 mg V/mL; group III, magnesium sulphate (MS) at a concentration of 0.06 mg Mg/mL; and group IV, SMV-MS solution at the same concentrations. The control group received at this time deionized water to drink. It was calculated that group II ingested with drinking water about 10.7 mg V/kg b. w./24 h, group III 6 mg Mg/kg b. w./24 h, and group IV about 9 mg V and 4.5 mg Mg/kg b. w./24 h. The exposure to vanadium alone (group II) led to a statistically significant decrease in body weight gain, food and fluid intakes. Moreover, in the same group of rats a statistically significant decrease in the RBC count, Hb concentration, MCV, and MCH values was demonstrated. Additionally, a statistically significant decrease in the plasma L-ascorbic acid concentration and a significant increase in MDA concentration in blood in this group were found. Instead, after the administration of magnesium alone (group III), a statistically significant decrease in the fluid intake and in the L-ascorbic acid concentration in plasma was noted. Furthermore, in the same group of rats a statistically significant increase in Hb level and in the plasma magnesium concentration was demonstrated. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not reveal the interactions between V and Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Scibior
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Environmental Protection, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Kraśnicka Ave 102, 20-718, Lublin, Poland.
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Soussi A, Gaubin Y, Beau B, Murat JC, Soleilhavoup JP, Croute F, El Feki A. Stress proteins (Hsp72/73, Grp94) expression pattern in rat organs following metavanadate administration. Effect of green tea drinking. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1031-7. [PMID: 16497423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression pattern of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 72/73 and glucose regulated protein (Grp) 94 was studied in liver, kidney and testis of rats injected with sublethal doses of ammonium metavanadate (5 mg/kg/day). In addition, some batches of animals were given green tea decoction, known to be rich in anti-oxidative compounds, as sole beverage in order to evaluate its protective properties. In control animals, the stress proteins expression was found to be organ-dependent: anti-Grp94 antibody revealed two bands at 96 and 98 kDa in kidney and liver whereas the 98 kDa band only was found in testis; anti-Hsp72/73 antibody revealed that the constitutive Hsp73 was present in all organs whereas the inducible Hsp72 was only present in kidney and testis. In kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Hsp73 was over-expressed by about 50% whereas Hsp72 was down-regulated by 50-80%. No such effects were observed in liver and testis. In liver and kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Grp94 was over-expressed by 50% and 150% respectively whereas no change was found in testis. In rats given green tea as sole beverage, the 96 kDa protein expression level in liver was reduced both in controls and in vanadium-treated animals. However, green tea drinking failed to prevent the vanadium-induced Hsp72 under-expression in kidney of vanadium-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soussi
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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García GB, Quiroga AD, Stürtz N, Martinez AI, Biancardi ME. Morphological Alterations of Central Nervous System (CNS) Myelin in Vanadium (V)‐Exposed Adult Rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2004; 27:281-93. [PMID: 15478949 DOI: 10.1081/dct-120037747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we show morphological data of the in vivo susceptibility of CNS myelin to sodium metavanadate [V(+5)] in adult rats. The possible role of vanadium in behavioral alterations and in brain lipid peroxidation was also investigated. Animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 3 mg/kg body weight (bw) of sodium metavanadate [1.25 V/kg bw/day] for 5 consecutive days. Open field and rotarod tests were performed the day after the last dose had been administered and then animals were sacrificed by different methods for histological and lipid peroxidation studies. The present results show that intraperitoneal administration of V(+5) to adult rats resulted in changes in locomotor activity, specific myelin stainings and lipid peroxidation in some brain areas. They support the notion that CNS myelin could be a preferential target of V(+5)-mediated lipid peroxidation in adult rats. The mechanisms underlying this action could affect the myelin sheath leading to behavioral perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela B García
- Morphology Department, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Jin Q, Jhun BS, Lee SH, Lee J, Pi Y, Cho YH, Baik HH, Kang I. Differential regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways during menadione-induced oxidative stress in the kidney of young and old rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315:555-61. [PMID: 14975736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated regulation of various signal transduction pathways during oxidative stresses in the kidney of young and aged rats. Menadione-induced regulation of molecules in PI 3-kinase, MAPK, and AMPK pathways was determined in the young (2 months) and old (24 months) groups. PI 3-kinase activity and Akt phosphorylation were significantly reduced in the old compared with the young. PTEN tumor suppressor was also lower in its expression and phosphorylation levels in the old. Response of the molecules in PI 3-kinase pathway to menadione was minimized. In contrast, over 5-fold induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by menadione was observed in both groups. On the other hand, basal activities as well as menadione-induced activities of JNK1 and AMPK were higher in the old than in the young. While p27(Kip1), p53, and p21(Waf1) were slightly increased by menadione in both groups, the basal induction level in the old was considerably higher. In conclusion, the results suggest that the age-related down-regulation of PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway and up-regulation of JNK1, AMPK, and p53 pathways may be responsible for the increased susceptibility to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanri Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Gómez M, Esparza JL, Domingo JL, Singh PK, Jones MM. Chelation therapy in aluminum-loaded rats: influence of age. Toxicology 1999; 137:161-8. [PMID: 10522496 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of age at which aluminum (Al) exposure was initiated on the efficacy of chelation therapy in mobilizing Al was investigated in two groups of male rats exposed to this element at two different stages of the life cycle. Young (21 days old) and old (18 months) rats were exposed to 0 and 50 mg Al/kg/day administered as Al nitrate in drinking water for a preliminary period of 14 days followed by a period of 100 days, in which Al-exposed animals received 100 mg Al/kg/day. At the end of the period of exposure, Al-loaded rats in each age group were given one of the following treatments: s.c. deferoxamine (DFO), oral 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) and 1-(p-methylbenzyl)-2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (MeBzEM) at doses of 0.89 mmol/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. Another group of Al-exposed rats received a concurrent administration of s.c. DFO and oral L1 both at 0.45 mmol/kg/day. During chelation therapy urines were collected daily. Control groups included rats exposed and unexposed to Al. Oral administration of L1 was the most effective treatment in enhancing urinary Al excretion in both age groups of Al-loaded rats. This beneficial effect was similar for old and young animals. Concurrent administration of DFO and L1 had no advantages over the use of either single agent, while MeBzEM was not effective in mobilizing Al from Al-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gómez
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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