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Iñaki Gamero-Barraza J, Antonio Pámanes-Carrasco G, Delgado E, Patricia Cabrales-Arellano C, Medrano-Roldán H, Gallegos-Ibáñez D, Wedwitschka H, Reyes-Jáquez D. Computational modelling of extrusion process temperatures on the interactions between black soldier fly larvae protein and corn flour starch. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2024; 8:100202. [PMID: 38586156 PMCID: PMC10995973 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Insects such as the black soldier fly (BSF) are recently being studied as food sources to address concerns about how to meet the food demand of the growing world population, as conventional production lines for meat proteins are currently unsustainable sources. Studies have been conducted evaluating the use of insect proteins to produce extruded foods such as expanded snacks and meat analogues. However, this field of study is still quite new and not much has been studied beyond digestibility and growth performance. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the compatibility of protein extracted from BSF flour with corn flour starch within an extruded balanced shrimp feed model through molecular dynamics simulations, for which cohesive energy density and solubility parameter (δ) of both components were determined. The calculations' results for the protein molecule systems yielded an average δ of 14.961 MPa0.5, while the δ for starch was calculated to be 23.166 MPa0.5. The range of difference between both δ (10 > δ > 7) suggests that the interaction of the BSF protein with corn starch is of a semi-miscible nature. These results suggest that it is possible to obtain a stable starch-protein mixture through the extrusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Iñaki Gamero-Barraza
- TecNM/I.T.Durango. Posgrado en Ingeniería Bioquímica Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Gerardo Antonio Pámanes-Carrasco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Juárez del Estado Durango/ Durango - Mezquital Km 11.5, 34307 Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Efrén Delgado
- Food Science and Technology, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA
| | | | - Hiram Medrano-Roldán
- TecNM/I.T.Durango. Posgrado en Ingeniería Bioquímica Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Daniela Gallegos-Ibáñez
- Department of Biochemical Conversion, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße116, 04347, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Wedwitschka
- Department of Biochemical Conversion, Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße116, 04347, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Damián Reyes-Jáquez
- TecNM/I.T.Durango. Posgrado en Ingeniería Bioquímica Felipe Pescador 1803, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080 Durango, Dgo., Mexico
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Felton LA, Binzet G, Wiley C, McChesney D, McConville J, Ҫelik M, Muttil P. Spray drying Eudragit® E-PO with acetaminophen using 2- and 3-fluid nozzles for taste masking. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124191. [PMID: 38701909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional spray drying using a 2-fluid nozzle forms matrix microparticles, where drug is distributed throughout the particle and may not effectively mask taste. In contrast, spray drying using a 3-fluid nozzle has been reported to encapsulate material. The objective of this study was to spray dry Eudragit® E-PO (EE) with acetaminophen (APAP), a water-soluble model drug with a bitter taste, using 2- and 3-fluid nozzles for taste masking. Spray drying EE with APAP, however, resulted in yields of ≤ 13 %, irrespective of nozzle configuration. Yields improved when Eudragit® L 100-55 (EL) or Methocel® E6 (HPMC) was used in the inner fluid stream of the 3-fluid nozzle or in place of EE for the 2-fluid nozzle. Drug release from microparticles prepared with the 2-fluid nozzle was relatively rapid. Using EE in the outer fluid stream of the 3-fluid nozzle resulted in comparatively slower drug release, although drug release was observed, indicating that encapsulation was incomplete. Results from these studies also show that miscible polymers used in the two fluid streams mix during the spray drying process. In addition, findings from this study indicate that the polymer used in the inner fluid stream can impact drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Felton
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Gülşilan Binzet
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Altınbaş University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bakırköy 34147 İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cody Wiley
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - David McChesney
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jason McConville
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Metin Ҫelik
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Pharmaceutical Technologies International, Inc., 22 Durham Rd, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA.
| | - Pavan Muttil
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Partheniadis I, Nikolakakis I. Development and characterization of co-amorphous griseofulvin/L-leucin by modified solvent processing hot-melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123824. [PMID: 38246478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Co-amorphous systems (CAMS) were developed between griseofulvin (GRI) and L-leucine (LEU) at 2:1 wt ratio, by application of a novel solvent assisted hot-melt extrusion (HME) method that involved wet processing/drying of the feeds prior to extrusion. CAMS formation was confirmed by powder crystallography (pXRD) and thermal analysis (DSC). Intermolecular H-bonding between the carbonyl groups of GRI and the hydroxyl and amino groups of LEU were identified by vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The measured glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the extrudates from feeds processed with aqueous acetic acid (AcOH) were markedly lower than that of neat amorphous GRI and values predicted from Gordon-Taylor equation, indicating plasticizing action of AcOH. Drug concentrations during dissolution of CAMS under non-sink conditions (Sink Index 0.0115) were up to x82 higher at plateau compared to crystalline drug solubility. The degree of supersaturation lasted for at least 24 h. Plasticizer (Compritol®/Kolliphor® 75/25) added before extrusion did not impact significantly on CAMS formation but altered the dissolution profile from a spring-and-parachute profile to gradual rise to maximum. These findings reinforce the application of drug/amino acid-based CAMS in formulation, particularly for high-dose drugs, for which polymers are unsuited due to the required large proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Partheniadis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 544 54 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 544 54 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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4
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Nair AR, Vullendula SKA, Yarlagadda DL, Bheemisetty B, Dengale SJ, Bhat K. Physicochemical interaction of rifampicin and ritonavir-lopinavir solid dispersion: an in-vitro and ex-vivo investigation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:192-205. [PMID: 38305806 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2309508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in-situ physicochemical interaction of Rifampicin and Ritonavir - Lopinavir Solid dispersion administered for the treatment of comorbid conditions i.e. Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. METHODS pH-shift dissolution of Rifampicin (RIF) in presence of Ritonavir-Lopinavir solid dispersion (RL-SD) was carried out in USP phosphate buffer 6.8 and FaSSIF. Equilibrium and amorphous solubility were determined for the drugs. Pure drugs, their physical mixtures, and pH-shifted co-precipitated samples were characterized using DSC, PXRD, and FTIR. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate drug-rich and drug-lean phases. In-vitro and ex-vivo flux studies were also carried out. RESULTS The results showed significant differences in the solubility and dissolution profiles of RTV and LOP in the presence of RIF, while RIF profile remained unchanged. Amorphicity, intermolecular interaction and aggregate formation in pH-shifted samples were revealed in DSC, XRD and FTIR analysis. Fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the formation of drug-rich phase upon pH-shift. In-vitro and ex-vivo flux studies revealed significant reduction in the flux of all the drugs when studied in presence of second drug. CONCLUSION RIF, RTV and LOP in presence of each other on pH-shift, results in co-precipitation in the amorphous form (miscible) which leads to reduction in the highest attainable degree of supersaturation. This reduction corresponds to the mole fraction of the RIF, RTV and LOP within the studied system. These findings suggest that the concomitant administration of these drugs may lead to physicochemical interactions and possible ineffective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira R Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sai Krishna Anand Vullendula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dani Lakshman Yarlagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Brahmam Bheemisetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Swapnil J Dengale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Li Y, Xu J, Guan Q, Zhang H, Ding Z, Wang Q, Wang Z, Han J, Liu M, Zhao Y. Impact of hypromellose acetate succinate and Soluplus® on the performance of β-carotene solid dispersions with the aid of sorbitan monolaurate: In vitro-in vivo comparative assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126639. [PMID: 37657570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Solid dispersions (SDs) possess the potential to enhance the bioavailability of insoluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by effectively converting them into amorphous state. However, SDs have a tendency to recrystallize unless appropriate excipients are employed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of hypromellose acetate succinate HF (HPMCAS-HF) and Soluplus® to inhibit the recrystallization of β-carotene and improve its in vivo bioavailability through the fabrication of ternary β-carotene solid dispersions (SDs) with the aid of specific surfactant. Due to rapid micellization, the dissolution profiles of β-carotene SDs based on HPMCAS-HF/Span 20 (5:5, w/w) or Soluplus®/Span 20 (6:4, w/w) combinations exhibited significant improvement, which were almost 7-10 times higher than β-carotene bulk powder. DSC and PXRD analysis indicated a notable reduction in the crystallinity degree of β-carotene within the SDs. The stability study demonstrated a half-life of β-carotene in the SDs exceeding 30 days. Additionally, the in vivo pharmacokinetics analysis confirmed that the cellulose derivatives/surfactant combinations significantly enhanced the bioavailability of β-carotene by 1.37-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. Notably, the HPMCAS-HF/Span 20 combination exhibited superior performance. Consequently, the HPMCAS-HF/Span 20 combination held potential for the advancement of an effective drug delivery system for β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingran Guan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaizhen Zhang
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China.
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Shen P, Zhang C, Hu E, Gao Y, Qian S, Zhang J, Wei Y, Heng W. A prediction system: Regulating effect of small-molecule additives on properties of amorphous solid dispersions prepared by hot-melt extrusion technology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 189:56-67. [PMID: 37301300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with solubility advantage are suffering from the recrystallization risk and subsequent reduced dissolution triggered by high hygroscopicity of hydrophilic polymers and the supersaturation of ASD solutions. To address these issues, in this study, small-molecule additives (SMAs) in the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list were introduced into drug-polymer ASD. For the first time, we systematically revealed the intrinsic correlation between SMAs and properties of ASDs at the molecular level and constructed a prediction system for the regulation of properties of ASDs. The types and dosages of SMAs were screened by Hansen solubility and Flory-Huggins interaction parameters, as well as differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and adsorption energy (Eabs) calculation showed that the surface group distribution of ASDs and Eabs between ASD system and solvent were vital factors affecting the hygroscopicity and then stability. The radial distribution function revealed that interactions between components were proposed to be the critical factor for the dissolution performance. Based on this, a prediction system for regulating the properties of ASDs was successfully constructed mainly via molecular dynamics simulations and simple solid-state characterizations, and then validated by cases, which efficiently reduces the time and economic cost of pre-screening ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Shen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Enshi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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7
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Investigating the physicochemical properties of solid dispersions based on semicrystalline carriers: A case study with ketoprofen. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122576. [PMID: 36596317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic semicrystalline carriers represent an alternative to amorphous polymers due to their low melting temperature, useful for the production of solid dispersions (SDs) by melting-based technologies. This research aims to compare SDs of ketoprofen (KET) and three different semicrystalline carriers (PEG, Poloxamer and Gelucire) regarding miscibility, phase behavior, molecular interactions and stability. KET was chosen owing to its low solubility and high glass forming ability. Estimation of drug-excipient miscibility was performed by Flory-Huggins theory. Negative Gibbs free energy indicated a spontaneous mixing of KET with the three carriers and miscibility in the order PEG > Poloxamer > Gelucire. SDs up to 40 % w/w of drug were produced by melting process at a temperature below KET melting point. Characterization of SDs was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. In case of PEG and Poloxamer, the drug incorporation did not affect carrier crystallinity, while KET was in the amorphous state. Differently, KET retarded the crystallization of Gelucire and at high drug loadings the SDs were amorphous and semisolid. FT-IR analysis revealed a strong interaction between KET and the three carriers. Finally, PEG-based SDs above 20 % KET loading displayed drug crystallization after 6 months of storage; while Poloxamer and Gelucire-based SDs showed KET crystallization only at 40 % KET. Due to its less hydrophilic character and limited water uptake, Gelucire showed the best stability among the three excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, PharmTech Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Preparation, Characterization and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Rutin-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030955. [PMID: 36770635 PMCID: PMC9919933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rutin is a natural flavonoid that carries out a variety of biological activities, but its application in medicine and food is limited by its water solubility. One of the classical methods used to enhance drug solubility is encapsulation with cyclodextrins. In this paper, the encapsulation of different cyclodextrins with rutin was investigated using a combination of experimental and simulation methods. Three inclusions of rutin/beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), rutin/2-hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and rutin/2,6-dimethyl beta-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) were prepared by the freeze-drying method, and the inclusions were analyzed using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV) to characterize and demonstrate the formation of the inclusion complexes. Phase solubility studies showed that rutin formed a 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex and significantly increased its solubility. β-CD, HP-β-CD, DM-β-CD, rutin and the three inclusion complexes were modeled by using MS2018 and AutoDock 4.0, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to calculate the solubility parameters, binding energies, mean square displacement (MSD), hydrogen bonding and radial distribution functions (RDF) after the equilibration of the systems. The results of simulation and experiment showed that rutin/DM-β-CD had the best encapsulation effect among the three cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.
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Gumireddy A, Bookwala M, Zhou D, Wildfong PLD, Buckner IS. Investigating and Comparing the Applicability of the R3m Molecular Descriptor and Solubility Parameter Estimation Approaches in Predicting Dispersion Formation Potential of APIs in a Random Co-Polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone Vinyl Acetate and its Homopolymer. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:318-327. [PMID: 36351478 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of different amorphous solid dispersion carrier matrices is enabled by active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) structure-based predictions. This study compares the utility of Hansen Solubility Parameters with the R3m molecular descriptor for identifying dispersion polymers based on the structure of the drug molecule. Twelve API-polymer combinations (4 APIs and 3 interrelated polymers) were used to test each approach. Co-solidified mixtures containing 75% API were prepared by melt-quenching. Phase behavior was evaluated and classified using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, and hot stage microscopy. Observations of dispersion behavior were compared to predictions made using the Hansen Solubility Parameter and R3m. The solubility parameter approach misclassified the dispersion behavior of 1 API-polymer combination and also did not produce definite predictions in 3 out of 12 of the API-polymer combinations. In contrast, R3m classifications of dispersion behavior were correct in all but two cases, with one misclassification and one ambiguous prediction. The solubility parameters best classify dispersion behavior when specific drug-polymer intermolecular interactions are present, but may be less useful otherwise. Ultimately, these two methods are most effectively used together, as they are based on distinct features of the same molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Gumireddy
- Duquense University, School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mustafa Bookwala
- Duquense University, School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deliang Zhou
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Peter L D Wildfong
- Duquense University, School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ira S Buckner
- Duquense University, School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Tunable Drug Release from Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D-Printed Tablets Fabricated Using a Novel Extrudable Polymer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102192. [PMID: 36297626 PMCID: PMC9611745 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is proving to be a pivotal technology for developing personalized dosage forms with bench to bedside feasibility. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing has emerged as the most used technique wherein molten drug-loaded polymer filaments are deposited layer-by-layer to fabricate a predefined shape and internal geometry. However, for precise FDM 3D printing, it is imperative for the filaments to have peculiar mechanical/physicochemical properties, which the majority of the FDA/GRAS approved polymers lack. In the current study, a novel water-soluble polymer, Poly(2-ethyl-tetra-oxazoline) [PETOx] has been investigated as an extrudable and printable polymer with two different types of drug molecule—dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Hot-stage microscopy experiments of drug:polymer (1:1 w/w) and filaments were carried out at 25−275 °C. HCTZ-loaded filament showed higher toughness of 17 ± 3.25 × 106 J/m3 compared with DXM and drug-free filament. Moisture sorption and flexural analysis was performed to understand the correlation of mechanical properties and storage humidity to printability. Varying the number of outer perimeters of each layer (shell number) was observed to affect the drug release pattern from the printlets. The DXM one-shell printlet showed >80%, whereas the DXM five-shell printlet showed >60% of the drug release within 60 min. PETOx could prove to be a high-performance and versatile 3D printable polymer.
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Fița AC, Secăreanu AA, Musuc AM, Ozon EA, Sarbu I, Atkinson I, Rusu A, Mati E, Anuta V, Pop AL. The Influence of the Polymer Type on the Quality of Newly Developed Oral Immediate-Release Tablets Containing Amiodarone Solid Dispersions Obtained by Hot-Melt Extrusion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196600. [PMID: 36235137 PMCID: PMC9573735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to demonstrate the influence of the polymer-carrier type and proportion on the quality performance of newly developed oral immediate-release tablets containing amiodarone solid dispersions obtained by hot-melt extrusion. Twelve solid dispersions including amiodarone and different polymers (PEG 1500, PEG 4000; PEG 8000, Soluplus®, and Kolliphor® 188) were developed and prepared by hot-melt extrusion using a horizontal extruder realized by the authors in their own laboratory. Only eleven of the dispersions presented suitable physical characteristics and they were used as active ingredients in eleven tablet formulations that contain the same amounts of the same excipients, varying only in solid dispersion type. The solid dispersions’ properties were established by optical microscopy with reflected light, volumetric controls and particle size evaluation. In order to prove that the complex powders have appropriate physical characteristics for the direct compression process, they were subjected to different analyses regarding their flowability and compressibility behavior. Additionally, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed on the obtained solid dispersions. After confirming the proper physical attributes for all blends, they were processed into the form of tablets by direct compression technology. The manufactured tablets were evaluated for pharmacotechnical (dimensions–diameter and thickness, mass uniformity, hardness and friability) and in vitro biopharmaceutical (disintegration time and drug release) performances. Furthermore, the influence of the polymer matrix on their quality was determined. The high differences in flow and compression performances of the solid dispersions prove the relevant influence of the polymer type and their concentration-dependent plasticizing properties. The increase in flowability and compressibility characteristics of the solid dispersions could be noticed after combining them with direct compression excipients owning superior mechanical qualities. The influence of the polymer type is best detected in the disintegration test, where the obtained values are quite different between the studied formulations. The use of PEG 1500 alone or combined in various proportions with Soluplus® leads to rapid disintegration. In contrast, the mixture of PEG 4000 and Poloxamer 188 in equal proportions determined the increase in disintegration time to 120 s. The use of Poloxamer 188 alone and a 3:1 combination of PEG 4000 and Soluplus® also generates a prolonged disintegration time for the tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuța Cătălina Fița
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Andreea Secăreanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (E.A.O.); (I.S.); (E.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Emma Adriana Ozon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (E.A.O.); (I.S.); (E.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Iulian Sarbu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics and Biophysics, Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 004051 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (E.A.O.); (I.S.); (E.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Irina Atkinson
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Rusu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Erand Mati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 004051 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (E.A.O.); (I.S.); (E.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Valentina Anuta
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (E.A.O.); (I.S.); (E.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Temperature and pressure effects on the hydrogen-bonding Hansen solubility parameter: Cases of n-alkanols (C1-C5). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Alzahrani A, Nyavanandi D, Mandati P, Adel Ali Youssef A, Narala S, Bandari S, Repka M. A systematic and robust assessment of hot-melt extrusion-based amorphous solid dispersions: Theoretical prediction to practical implementation. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121951. [PMID: 35753536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have gained attention as a formulation strategy in recent years, with the potential to improve the apparent solubility and, hence, the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The process of formulating ASDs is commonly faced with challenges owing to the intrinsic physical and chemical instability of the initial amorphous form and the long-term physical stability of drug formulations. Numerous research publications on hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology have demonstrated that it is the most efficient approach for manufacturing reasonably stable ASDs. The HME technique has been established as a faster scale-up production strategy for formulation evaluation and has the potential to minimize the time to market. Thermodynamic evaluation and theoretical predictions of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility may assist to reduce the product development cost by HME. This review article highlights robust and established prediction theories and experimental approaches for the selection of polymeric carriers for the development of hot melt extrusion based stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). In addition, this review makes a significant contribution to the literature as a pilot guide for ASD assessment, as well as to confirm the drug-polymer compatibility and physical stability of HME-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmacy, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 22253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Preparation of Decoquinate Solid Dispersion by Hot-Melt Extrusion as an Oral Dosage Form Targeting Liver-Stage Plasmodium Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0221821. [PMID: 35658489 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02218-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-stage Plasmodium in humans is an early stage of malarial infection. Decoquinate (DQ) has a potent multistage antimalarial activity. However, it is practically water insoluble. In this study, the hot-melt extrusion (HME) approach was employed to prepare solid dispersions of DQ to improve oral bioavailability. The DQ dispersions were homogeneous in an aqueous suspension that contained most DQ (>90%) in the aqueous phase. Soluplus, a solubilizer, was found compatible with DQ in forming nanoparticle formulations during the HME process. Another excipient HPMC AS-126 was also proven to be suitable for making DQ nanoparticles through HME. Particle size and antimalarial activity of HME DQ suspensions remained almost unchanged after storage at 4°C for over a year. HME DQ was highly effective at inhibiting Plasmodium infection in vitro at both the liver stage and blood stage. HME DQ at 3 mg/kg by oral administration effectively prevented Plasmodium infection in mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Orally administered HME DQ at 2,000 mg/kg to mice showed no obvious adverse effects. HME DQ at 20 mg/kg orally administered to rats displayed characteristic distributions of DQ in the blood with most DQ in the blood cells, revealing the permeability of HME DQ into the cells in relation to its antimalarial activity. The DQ dispersions may be further developed as an oral formulation targeting Plasmodium infection at the liver stage.
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15
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Hu Z, Xu P, Ashour EA, Repka MA. Prediction and Construction of Drug-Polymer Binary System Thermodynamic Phase Diagram in Amorphous Solid Dispersions (ASDs). AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:169. [PMID: 35715519 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has been well known as a potential strategy to improve the bioavailability and dissolution performance of poorly water-soluble drugs. The primary concern of this approach is the long-term stability of the amorphous drug in the solid dispersion. Accurate prediction and detection of the solubility and miscibility of drug in polymeric binary system will be a milestone to the development of ASDs. In this investigation, a method based on Flory-Huggins (F-H) theory was proposed to predict and calculate the solubility and miscibility of the drug in polymeric matrix and construct the phase diagram to identify the relevance between drug loading and temperature for ASDs development. Indomethacin (Indo) was chosen as the model drug, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone vinyl acetate (Kollidon® VA 64) was used as a polymeric carrier for the ASD systems. Physical mixtures were prepared with different drug loadings (10 to 90%) and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The interaction parameter χ was calculated for physical mixtures by the melting point depression and solubility parameter contribution methods. The phase diagram was constructed to investigate the impact of other parameters like drug loading, processing temperature, and Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔGmix). For further validation, formulations were developed using HME to verify the accuracy of the phase diagram and to guide in the hot-melt extrusion (HME) process design space and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Pengchong Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA. .,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Ramachandran JP, Antony A, Ramakrishnan RM, Wallen SL, Raveendran P. CO2-solvated liquefaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG): A novel, green process for the preparation of drug-excipient composites at low temperatures. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Wang F, Yu W, Popescu C, Ibrahim AA, Yu D, Pearson R, MacKerell AD, Hoag SW. Cholecalciferol complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and its molecular dynamics simulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:389-398. [PMID: 35468028 PMCID: PMC9233054 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2064492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the current study is to investigate cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) solubilization by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) complexation through experimental and computational studies. Phase solubility diagram of vitamin D3 (completely insoluble in water) has an AP profile revealing a deviation from a linear regression with HPBCD concentration increase. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the best tool to confirm complex formation by disappearance of cholecalciferol exothermic peak in cholecalciferol-HPBCD complex thermogram, due to its amorphous state by entering HPBCD inner hydrophobic cavity, similarly validated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). AP solubility diagram profile can be associated with cholecalciferol-HPBCD complex instability in liquid phase requiring spray drying to bring it to a solid dispersion state (always more stable) illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Computational studies led to a deeper understanding and clarification, at molecular level, of the interactions within cholecalciferol-HPBCD complex. Thermodynamics and geometry of the complex were investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Ashour Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen W. Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Zhao J, Gao P, Mu C, Ning J, Deng W, Ji D, Sun H, Zhang X, Yang X. Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Supersaturated Solid Dispersion of Magnolol : Theme: Advancements in Amorphous Solid Dispersions to Improve Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:97. [PMID: 35332440 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to design a new type of supersaturated solid dispersion (NS-SD) loaded with Magnolol (Mag) to raise the oral bioavailability in rats. In the light of the solubility parameters, phase solubility experiments, inhibition precipitation experiment, and in vitro release experiment, Plasdone-630 (PS-630) was selected as the optimum carrier. In addition, Mag-NS-SD was prepared by adding Monoglyceride (MG) and Lecithin High Potency (LHP) into the Mag-S-SD (Mag:PS-630 = 1:3), so as to reduce the dosage of carrier and improve the release rate. Using central composite design of response surface method, the prescription was further optimized. As the optimized condition was Mag:PS-630: MG: LHP = 1:3:0.8:0.266, the drug release rate was the fastest. Besides, after 45 min, the release rate was nearly 100%. The constructed Mag-S-SD and Mag-NS-SD were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectrum. The XRD patterns of Mag-S-SD and Mag-NS-SD indicated that all APIs were amorphous. The IR spectra of Mag-S-SD and Mag-NS-SD demonstrated the existence of hydrogen bonding in the systems. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that compared with Mag and Mag-S-SD, Mag-NS-SD significantly increased the bioavailability (the relative bioavailability was 213.69% and 142.37%, separately). In this study, Mag-NS-SD was successfully prepared, which could improve the oral bioavailability and may increase the clinical application.
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19
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Than YM, Suriyarak S, Titapiwatanakun V. Rheological Investigation of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose–Based Filaments for Material Extrusion 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061108. [PMID: 35335439 PMCID: PMC8948723 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheological properties of drug–polymer mixtures have a significant influence on their processability when using transformative techniques, such as hot-melt-extrusion and material-extrusion 3D printing; however, there has been limited data on printable systems. This study investigated the rheological properties of 17 formulations of successful printed tablets for both immediate and controlled release. Hydroxypropyl cellulose was used in various ratios to obtain printable filaments in combination with various drugs (indomethacin or theophylline), polymers and disintegrants. The complex viscosity, shear thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties were affected by the drug load, polymer composite, disintegrant type, temperature and shear rate applied. Larger windows of processing viscosity were revealed. The viscosity of the printable blends could be as low as the range 10–1000 Pa·s at 100 rad/s angular frequency. All formulations showed shear thinning behavior with a broad slope of complex viscosity from −0.28 to −0.74. The addition of 30–60% drug or disintegrant tended to have greater viscosity values. While microcrystalline cellulose was found to be an alternative additive to lower the storage and loss modulus among disintegrants. This rheological data could be useful for the preformulation and further development of material-extrusion 3D-printing medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mon Than
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sarisa Suriyarak
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Emerging Processes for Food Functionality Design Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Varin Titapiwatanakun
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.T.)
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20
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Li J, Li C, Zhang H, Gao X, Wang T, Wang Z, Zheng A. Preparation of Azithromycin Amorphous Solid Dispersion by Hot-Melt Extrusion: An Advantageous Technology with Taste Masking and Solubilization Effects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030495. [PMID: 35160485 PMCID: PMC8840525 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZI) is one of the most commonly used macrolide antibiotics in children, but has the disadvantages of a heavy bitter taste and poor solubility. In order to solve these problems, hot-melt extrusion (HME) was used to prepare azithromycin amorphous solid dispersion. Preliminary selection of a polymer for HME was conducted by calculating Hansen solubility parameter to predict the miscibility of the drug and polymer. Eudragit® RL PO was chosen as the polymer due to its combination of taste-masking effect and dissolution. Moreover, the solubility was improved with this polymer. Design of experiments (DoE) was used to optimize the formulation and process, with screw speed, extrusion temperature, and drug percentage as independent variables, and content, dissolution, and extrudates diameter as dependent variables. The optimal extrusion parameters were obtained as follows: temperature-150 °C; screw speed-75 rpm; and drug percentage-25%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) studies of the powdered solid dispersions showed that the crystalline AZI transformed into the amorphous form. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the formation of a hydrogen bond between AZI and the polymer led to the stabilization of AZI in its amorphous form. In conclusion, this work illustrated the importance of HME for the preparation of amorphous solid dispersion of AZI, which can solve the problems of bitterness and low solubility. It is also of great significance for the development of compliant pediatric AZI preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Conghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81th Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China;
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Z.W.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-15155934952 (T.W.); +86-(0)10-66874665 (Z.W.); +86-(0)10-66931694 (A.Z.)
| | - Zengming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Z.W.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-15155934952 (T.W.); +86-(0)10-66874665 (Z.W.); +86-(0)10-66931694 (A.Z.)
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China; (C.L.); (H.Z.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Z.W.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +86-15155934952 (T.W.); +86-(0)10-66874665 (Z.W.); +86-(0)10-66931694 (A.Z.)
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21
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Salave S, Prayag K, Rana D, Amate P, Pardhe R, Jadhav A, Jindal AB, Benival D. Recent Progress in Hot Melt Extrusion Technology in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Design. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:170-191. [PMID: 35986528 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220819124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technique has shown tremendous potential in transforming highly hydrophobic crystalline drug substances into amorphous solids without using solvents. This review explores in detail the general considerations involved in the process of HME, its applications and advances. OBJECTIVE The present review examines the physicochemical properties of polymers pertinent to the HME process. Theoretical approaches for the screening of polymers are highlighted as a part of successful HME processed drug products. The critical quality attributes associated with the process of HME are also discussed in this review. HME plays a significant role in the dosage form design, and the same has been mentioned with suitable examples. The role of HME in developing several sustained release formulations, films, and implants is described along with the research carried out in a similar domain. METHODS The method includes the collection of data from different search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information regarding HME, its importance in pharmaceutical product development, and advanced applications. RESULTS HME is known to have advanced pharmaceutical applications in the domains related to 3D printing, nanotechnology, and PAT technology. HME-based technologies explored using Design-of- Experiments also lead to the systematic development of pharmaceutical formulations. CONCLUSION HME remains an adaptable and differentiated technique for overall formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kedar Prayag
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Prakash Amate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rupali Pardhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ajinkya Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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22
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Atomistic Descriptors for Machine Learning Models of Solubility Parameters for Small Molecules and Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010026. [PMID: 35012054 PMCID: PMC8747575 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Descriptors derived from atomic structure and quantum chemical calculations for small molecules representing polymer repeat elements were evaluated for machine learning models to predict the Hildebrand solubility parameters of the corresponding polymers. Since reliable cohesive energy density data and solubility parameters for polymers are difficult to obtain, the experimental heat of vaporization ΔHvap of a set of small molecules was used as a proxy property to evaluate the descriptors. Using the atomistic descriptors, the multilinear regression model showed good accuracy in predicting ΔHvap of the small-molecule set, with a mean absolute error of 2.63 kJ/mol for training and 3.61 kJ/mol for cross-validation. Kernel ridge regression showed similar performance for the small-molecule training set but slightly worse accuracy for the prediction of ΔHvap of molecules representing repeating polymer elements. The Hildebrand solubility parameters of the polymers derived from the atomistic descriptors of the repeating polymer elements showed good correlation with values from the CROW polymer database.
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23
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Pyrhönen J, Bansal KK, Bhadane R, Wilén CE, Salo-Ahen OMH, Rosenholm JM. Molecular Dynamics Prediction Verified by Experimental Evaluation of the Solubility of Different Drugs in Poly(decalactone) for the Fabrication of Polymeric Nanoemulsions. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pyrhönen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Kuldeep K. Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University 20520 Turku Finland
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University 20500 Turku Finland
| | - Rajendra Bhadane
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University 20520 Turku Finland
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Tykistökatu 6A 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Carl-Eric Wilén
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University 20500 Turku Finland
| | - Outi M. H. Salo-Ahen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University 20520 Turku Finland
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Tykistökatu 6A 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University 20520 Turku Finland
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Miscibility and Solubility of Caffeine and Theophylline in Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111836. [PMID: 34834251 PMCID: PMC8624303 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As amorphization may improve the solubility and bioavailability of a drug substance, the aim of this work was to assess to what extent the crystallinity of caffeine (CAF) and theophylline (TF) can be reduced by homogenization with a polymeric excipient. To realize this purpose, the physical mixtures of both methylxanthines with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, phase diagrams for the physical mixtures were calculated using theoretical data. Results of DSC experiments suggested that both CAF and TF underwent amorphization, which indicated proportional loss of crystallinity for methylxanthines in the mixtures with HPMC. Additionally, HSM revealed that no other crystalline or amorphous phases were created other than those observed for CAF and TF. FTIR and Raman spectra displayed all the bands characteristic for methylxanthines in mixtures with HPMC, thereby excluding changes in their chemical structures. However, changes to the intensity of the bands created by hydrogen bonds imply the formation of hydrogen bonding in the carbonyl group of methylxanthines and the methyl polymer group. This is consistent with data obtained using principal component analysis. The findings of these studies revealed the quantities of methylxanthines which may be dissolved in the polymer at a given temperature and the composition at which methylxanthines and polymer are sufficiently miscible to form a solid solution.
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Heat Treatment Induced Specified Aggregation Morphology of Metoprolol Tartrate in Poly(ε-caprolactone) Matrix and the Drug Release Variation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183076. [PMID: 34577979 PMCID: PMC8471319 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt blending has been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce drug delivery systems, however, realizing the controlled drug release behavior of a hot-melt blended medicament it is still a tough challenge. In this study, we developed a simple and effective heat treatment method to adjust the drug release behavior, without the addition of any release modifiers. Thin metoprolol tartrate (MPT)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) tablets were prepared through hot-melt processing, and different morphologies of MPT were obtained by altering processing temperatures and the following heat treatment. MPT particles with different particle sizes were obtained under different processing temperatures, and fibrous crystals of MPT were fabricated during the following heat treatment. Different morphological structures of MPT adjusted the drug diffusion channel when immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and various drug release behaviors were approached. After being immersed for 24 h, 7% of the MPT was released from the blend processed at 130 °C, while more than 95% of the MPT were released after the following heat treatment of the same sample. Thus, flexible drug release behaviors were achieved using this simple and effective processing manufacture, which is demonstrated to be of profound importance for biomedical applications.
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Parulski C, Jennotte O, Lechanteur A, Evrard B. Challenges of fused deposition modeling 3D printing in pharmaceutical applications: Where are we now? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113810. [PMID: 34029646 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, fused deposition modeling has become one of the most used three-dimensional printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field. The production of personalized dosage forms for individualized therapy and the modification of the drug release profile by the elaboration of complex geometries make fused deposition modeling a promising tool for small-scale production. However, fused deposition modeling has a considerable number of challenges to overcome. They are divided into three categories of parameters. Material-specific parameters encompass the physicochemical properties of the filament, like thermal, mechanical and rheological properties. They determine the feasibility of the printing process. Operation-specific parameters relate to the processing conditions of printing, such as printing temperature and infill density, which have an influence on the final quality and on the dissolution behavior of the objects. The printer equipment is defined by the machine-specific parameters. Some modifications of this equipment also enhance the performance of the printing process. The aim of this review is to highlight the major fused deposition modeling critical process parameters in the pharmaceutical field and possible solutions in order to speed up the development of objects in the pharmaceutical market.
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Simões MF, Pinto RMA, Simões S. Hot-Melt Extrusion: a Roadmap for Product Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:184. [PMID: 34142250 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion has found extensive application as a feasible pharmaceutical technological option over recent years. HME applications include solubility enhancement, taste masking, and sustained drug release. As bioavailability enhancement is a hot topic of today's science, one of the main applications of HME is centered on amorphous solid dispersions. This review describes the most significant aspects of HME technology and its use to prepare solid dispersions as a drug formulation strategy to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. It also addresses molecular and thermodynamic features critical for the physicochemical properties of these systems, mainly in what concerns miscibility and physical stability. Moreover, the importance of applying the Quality by Design philosophy in drug development is also discussed, as well as process analytical technologies in pharmaceutical HME monitoring, under the current standards of product development and regulatory guidance. Graphical Abstract.
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Thompson SA, Williams RO. Specific mechanical energy - An essential parameter in the processing of amorphous solid dispersions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:374-393. [PMID: 33781785 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Specific mechanical energy (SME) is a frequently overlooked but essential parameter of hot-melt extrusion (HME). It can determine whether an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) can be successfully processed. A minimum combination of thermal input and SME is required to convert a crystalline active pharmaceutical product (API) into its amorphous form. A maximum combination is allowed before it or the carrier polymer chemically degrades. This has important implications on design space. SME input during HME provides information on the totality of the effect of various independent processing parameters such as screw speed, feed rate, and complex viscosity. If only these independent processing parameters are considered separately instead of SME, then important information would be lost regarding the interaction of these parameters and their ability to affect ASD formulation. A complete understanding of the HME process requires an analysis of SME. This paper provides a review of SME use in the pharmaceutical processing of ASDs, the importance of SME in terms of a variety of formulation qualities, and novel future uses of SME. Theoretical background is discussed, along with the relative importance of thermal and mechanical input on various nonsolvent ASD processing methods.
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Thakore SD, Akhtar J, Jain R, Paudel A, Bansal AK. Analytical and Computational Methods for the Determination of Drug-Polymer Solubility and Miscibility. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2835-2866. [PMID: 34041914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, poorly water-soluble drugs require enabling technologies to increase apparent solubility in the biological environment. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has emerged as an attractive strategy that has been used to market more than 20 oral pharmaceutical products. The amorphous form is inherently unstable and exhibits phase separation and crystallization during shelf life storage. Polymers stabilize the amorphous drug by antiplasticization, reducing molecular mobility, reducing chemical potential of drug, and increasing glass transition temperature in ASD. Here, drug-polymer miscibility is an important contributor to the physical stability of ASDs. The current Review discusses the basics of drug-polymer interactions with the major focus on the methods for the evaluation of solubility and miscibility of the drug in the polymer. Methods for the evaluation of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility have been classified as thermal, spectroscopic, microscopic, solid-liquid equilibrium-based, rheological, and computational methods. Thermal methods have been commonly used to determine the solubility of the drug in the polymer, while other methods provide qualitative information about drug-polymer miscibility. Despite advancements, the majority of these methods are still inadequate to provide the value of drug-polymer miscibility at room temperature. There is still a need for methods that can accurately determine drug-polymer miscibility at pharmaceutically relevant temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth D Thakore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Junia Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ranjna Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Khanlari T, Bayat Y, Bayat M, Sheibani N. Synthesis, characterization, and curing of propylene oxide and glycidyl nitrate random copolymer (GN-ran-PO) and investigation of its compatibility with different energetic plasticizers. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Tipduangta P, Belton P, McAuley WJ, Qi S. The use of polymer blends to improve stability and performance of electrospun solid dispersions: The role of miscibility and phase separation. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120637. [PMID: 33901595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid dispersion-based nanofiber formulations of poorly soluble drugs prepared by electrospinning (ES) with a water-soluble polymer, can offer significant improvements in drug dissolution for oral drug administration. However, when hygroscopic polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are used, environmental moisture sorption can lead to poor physical stability on storage. This study investigated the use of polymer blends to modify PVP-based ES formulations of a model poorly soluble drug, fenofibrate (FF), to improve its physical stability without compromising dissolution enhancement. FF-PVP ES dispersions demonstrated clear dissolution enhancement, but poor storage stability against high humidity. Polymer blends of PVP with Eudragit E, Soluplus and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), were selected because of the low intrinsic moisture sorption of these polymers. The drug-polymer and polymer-polymer miscibility study revealed that FF was more miscible with Eudragit E and Soluplus than with PVP and HPMCAS, and that PVP was more miscible with HPMCAS than Eudragit E and Soluplus. This led to different configurations of phase separation in the placebo and drug-loaded fibres. The in vitro drug release data confirmed that the use of PVP-Eudragit E retained the dissolution enhancement of the PVP formulation, whereas PVP-Soluplus reduced the drug release rate in comparison to FF-PVP formulations. The moisture sorption results confirmed that moisture uptake by the polymer blends was reduced, but formulation deformation occurred to phase-separated blend formulations. The data revealed the importance of miscibility and phase separation in understanding the physical stability of the ES fibre mats. The findings provide insight into the design of formulations that can provide dissolution enhancement balanced with improved storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Tipduangta
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - William J McAuley
- Centre for Research in Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
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S'ari M, Blade H, Cosgrove S, Drummond-Brydson R, Hondow N, Hughes LP, Brown A. Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersions and Identification of Low Levels of Crystallinity by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1905-1919. [PMID: 33797925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are used to increase the solubility of oral medicines by kinetically stabilizing the more soluble amorphous phase of an active pharmaceutical ingredient with a suitable amorphous polymer. Low levels of a crystalline material in an ASD can negatively impact the desired dissolution properties of the drug. Characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are often used to detect and measure any crystallinity within ASDs. These techniques are unable to detect or quantify very low levels because they have limits of detection typically in the order of 1-5%. Herein, an ASD of felodipine (FEL) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA) prepared via a hot melt extrusion (HME) in a mass ratio of 30:70 was characterized using a range of techniques. No signs of residual crystallinity were found by pXRD, DSC, or FTIR. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) did identify two areas containing crystals at the edges of milled particles from a total of 55 examined. Both crystalline areas contained Cl Kα X-ray peaks when measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirming the presence of FEL (due to the presence of Cl atoms in FEL and not in PVP/VA). Further analysis was carried out by TEM using conical dark field (DF) imaging of a HME ASD of 50:50 FEL-PVP/VA to provide insights into the recrystallization process that occurs at the edges of particles during accelerated ageing conditions in an atmosphere of 75% relative humidity. Multiple metastable polymorphs of recrystallized FEL could be identified by selected area electron diffraction (SAED), predominately form II and the more stable form I. Conical DF imaging was also successful in spatially resolving and sizing crystals. This work highlights the potential for TEM-based techniques to improve the limit of detection of crystallinity in ASDs, while also providing insights into transformation pathways by identifying the location, size, and form of any crystallization that might occur on storage. This opens up the possibility of providing an enhanced understanding of a drug product's stability and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S'ari
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Stephen Cosgrove
- New Modalities and Parenterals Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Rik Drummond-Brydson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Andy Brown
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Mathers A, Hassouna F, Klajmon M, Fulem M. Comparative Study of DSC-Based Protocols for API-Polymer Solubility Determination. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1742-1757. [PMID: 33656884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) solubility in a polymer is imperative for successful amorphous solid dispersion design and formulation but acquiring this information at storage temperature is challenging. Various solubility determination methods have been established, which utilize differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this work, three commonly used DSC-based protocols [i.e., melting point depression (MPD), recrystallization, and zero-enthalpy extrapolation (Z-EE)] and a method that we have developed called "step-wise dissolution" (S-WD) were analyzed. For temperature-composition phase diagram construction, two glass-transition temperature equations (i.e., those of Gordon-Taylor and Kwei) and three solid-liquid equilibrium curve modeling approaches [i.e., the Flory-Huggins model, an empirical equation, and the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EOS)] were considered. Indomethacin (IND) and Kollidon 12 PF (PVP K12) were selected as the API and polymer, respectively. An annealing time investigation revealed that the IND-PVP K12 dissolution process was remarkably faster than demixing, which contradicted previously published statements. Thus, the recrystallization method overestimated the solubility of IND in PVP K12 when a 2-h time of annealing was set as the benchmark. Likewise, the MPD and Z-EE methods overestimated the API solubility because of unreliable IND melting endotherm evaluation at lower API loadings and a relatively slow heating rate, respectively. When the experimental results obtained using the S-WD method (in conjunction with the Kwei equation) were applied to the PC-SAFT EOS, which was regarded as the most reliable combination, the predicted IND solubility in PVP K12 at T = 25 °C was approximately 40 wt %. When applicable, the S-WD method offers the advantage of using a limited number of DSC sample pans and API-polymer physical mixture compositions, which is both cost- and time-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mathers
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Fatima Hassouna
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Klajmon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fulem
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Meng F, Paul SK, Borde S, Chauhan H. Investigating crystallization tendency, miscibility, and molecular interactions of drug-polymer systems for the development of amorphous solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:579-608. [PMID: 33651659 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1892747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization tendencies, thermal analysis [i.e. glass transition temperature (Tg)], crystallinity, and melting point depression, along with theoretical calculations such as solubility parameter, of five different drugs [i.e. curcumin (CUR), indomethacin (IND), flutamide (FLU), dipyridamole (DIP), and griseofulvin (GRI)] in the absence and presence of four different polymers in various drug-polymer ratios were determined and analyzed. Physical states of the drug in the solid dispersions (SDs) and their stability were characterized by X-ray diffraction and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Infrared (IR) and Raman were used in selected systems (i.e. CUR, DIP, and GRI systems) to explore the role of drug-polymer interactions in the amorphization of SDs. The crystallization tendencies of pure drugs were categorized as low (CUR, IND), moderate (FLU), and high (DIP, GRI). In the presence of selected polymers, the crystallization tendency of the drugs changed, though a high polymer concentration was required for high crystallization-tendency drugs [i.e. DIP and GRI (>50% w/w)]. Polymers showing a greater effect on the crystallization tendency of drugs were found to have higher drug-polymer miscibility and stronger molecular interactions. Drug-polymer systems selected from the investigation of physical mixtures formed stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASD). Furthermore, the rank order of the crystallization tendency of drug-polymer systems correlated well with those on miscibility and molecular interactions. Those rank orders also correlated well with the stability of prepared/reported SDs. Hence, the developed approach has significant potential to be a rational screening method for the development of amorphous SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Meng
- Hovione Inc, East Windsor, NJ, USA
| | - Sagar Kumar Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shambhavi Borde
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Li B, Hu Y, Guo Y, Xu R, Fang X, Xiao X, Jiang C, Lu S. Coamorphous System of Florfenicol-Oxymatrine for Improving the Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Florfenicol: Preparation, Characterization and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2544-2554. [PMID: 33577826 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coamorphous system has proved to be an effective approach to improve the solubility of BCSⅡ drugs. Florfenicol (FF) is a widely used veterinary antibiotic but has poor aqueous solubility. Therefore, the coamorphous system of florfenicol and oxymatrine (OMT) formulated at 1:1 and 1:2 M ratios were prepared by using solvent evaporation, followed by a series of characterization in terms of PXRD, DSC, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that FF and OMT are miscible according to Hansen solubility parameters. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and radial distribution function (RDF) analysis demonstrated the possible hydrogen bond interaction in coamorphous system, which was confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectra. The coamorphous FF-OMT (1:1) maintained stability for 60 days at 25 °C/0% RH and 30 days at 40 °C/75% RH, which may be attributed to better molecular miscibility of FF and OMT and the strong hydrogen bond of O-H (FF)⋯O-N (OMT) and N-H (FF)⋯O-N (OMT). In addition, the apparent solubility and permeability, dissolution and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of the acquired coamorphous solids were obviously increased compared with crystalline FF. In conclusion, a drug-drug coamorphous formulation can be applied to improve the solubility and dissolution of crystalline FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Renjie Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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Generation of Ophthalmic Nanosuspension of Prednisolone Acetate Using a Novel Technology. Pharm Res 2021; 38:319-333. [PMID: 33560484 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prednisolone Acetate (PAC) is currently marketed as micronized ophthalmic suspension. The microsuspension has poor dose accuracy and efficacy due to aggregation, slow dissolution rate and limited corneal residence. The ophthalmic nanosuspension of PAC shall show enhanced solubility, dissolution rate and corneal adhesion due to small particle size and increased surface area. METHODS In the current work, we prepared ophthalmic formulation of PAC using a novel, spray drying based technology. Firstly, PAC nanocrystalline solid dispersions (NCSD) were prepared using Mannitol (MAN) as the crystallization inducing excipient and two separate stabilizers, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PAC_MAN_PVA) and Vitamin E Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Sulphosuccinate (PAC_MAN_TPGS). The NCSD was dispersed in an aqueous vehicle to obtain an ophthalmic nanosuspension. RESULTS The composition, PAC_MAN_PVA (0.3:0.67:0.03%), was pursued due to absence of crystal growth on storage at 40°C/75%RH for 3 months. The resulting nanosuspension showed crystal size, osmolality and viscosity of 590 ± 165 nm, 297 ± 6 mOsm/L and 11 ± 8cP respectively. In 1%w/v SLS media, the nanosuspension showed rapid and complete dissolution of PAC in 120 s. Ex-vivo goat corneal permeation and adhesion study revealed that in comparison to microsuspension, a higher fraction (6.2 times) of nanosuspension adhered to the cornea. Safety studies performed using corneal histopathology and Hen Egg Test- Chorio Allantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay showed no physical change in cornea or capillary damage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The NCSD can be explored for generation of ophthalmically acceptable nanosuspensions of poorly soluble drugs.
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Development and Characterization of Sustained-Released Donepezil Hydrochloride Solid Dispersions Using Hot Melt Extrusion Technology. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020213. [PMID: 33557076 PMCID: PMC7913813 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop the sustained release formulation of donepezil hydrochloride (DH) using the hot-melt extruded solid dispersion technique via the rational screening of hydrophobic carriers. Hydrophobic carriers with different physicochemical properties such as pH-independent swellability, low-permeability (Eudragit® RS PO (E-RS)), pH-independent non-swellability (ethyl cellulose N7 (EC-N7)), and the presence of lipids (Compritol® 888 ATO (C-888)) with or without pore-forming agents were used to achieve the sustained release profile of DH. Mannitol (MNT) was chosen as the temporary pore-forming agent. The thermal analysis showed that both the drug and C-888 preserved their crystallinity within a solid dispersion. During a dissolution test, MNT could generate pores, and the drug release rate was proportionally correlated to the MNT content. Tailoring of the ratio of C-888 and MNT in the formulations along with an appropriate extrusion temperature profile resulted in the modified release of DH, and a preferable release pattern was obtained under these conditions. C-888 was chosen for the further investigations to obtain tablets with a high integrity. The optimized tablets were compared to the marketed formulation of Aricept® in terms of drug release profiles. The optimized formulation showed the stable and sustained release behavior of extended release profile, which was close to the release behavior of Aricept® with good tablet characteristics. It was concluded that the hot-melt extrusion technique can be utilized for the manufacturing of DH sustained release tablets with improved tablet integrity and characteristics by co-processing the tablet excipient with DH/C-888.
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Study on the mechanisms of the lubricating oil antioxidants: Experimental and molecular simulation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tayebe Khanlari, Bayat Y, Bayat M. Investigation of the Compatibility of a Novel Copolymer Based on Polypropylene Glycol/Polyglycidyl nitrate (PPG/PGN) with Plasticizers: Thermal, Rheological, Solubility Parameter and SEM. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x20330044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Molecular Interactions between Asphaltene and Surfactants in a Hydrocarbon Solvent: Application to Asphaltene Dispersion. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy oil and bitumen supply the vast majority of energy resources in Canada. Different methods can be implemented to produce oil from such unconventional resources. Surfactants are employed as an additive to water/steam to improve an injected fluid’s effectiveness and enhance oil recovery. One of the main fractions in bitumen is asphaltene, which is a non-symmetrical molecule. Studies of interactions between surfactants, anionic, and non-anionic, and asphaltene have been very limited in the literature. In this paper, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to theoretically focus on the interactions between surfactant molecules and different types of asphaltene molecules observed in real oil sands. Both non-anionic and anionic surfactants showed promising results in terms of dispersant efficiency; however, their performance depends on the asphaltene architecture. Moreover, a hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratio of asphaltenes plays an inevitable role in asphaltene aggregation behavior. A higher H/C ratio resulted in decreasing asphaltene aggregation tendency. The results of these studies will give a deep understanding of the interactions between asphaltene and surfactant molecules.
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Hwang D, Ramsey JD, Kabanov AV. Polymeric micelles for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs: From nanoformulation to clinical approval. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:80-118. [PMID: 32980449 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, polymeric micelles have emerged as a highly promising drug delivery platform for therapeutic compounds. Particularly, poorly soluble small molecules with high potency and significant toxicity were encapsulated in polymeric micelles. Polymeric micelles have shown improved pharmacokinetic profiles in preclinical animal models and enhanced efficacy with a superior safety profile for therapeutic drugs. Several polymeric micelle formulations have reached the clinical stage and are either in clinical trials or are approved for human use. This furthers interest in this field and underscores the need for additional learning of how to best design and apply these micellar carriers to improve the clinical outcomes of many drugs. In this review, we provide detailed information on polymeric micelles for the solubilization of poorly soluble small molecules in topics such as the design of block copolymers, experimental and theoretical analysis of drug encapsulation in polymeric micelles, pharmacokinetics of drugs in polymeric micelles, regulatory approval pathways of nanomedicines, and current outcomes from micelle formulations in clinical trials. We aim to describe the latest information on advanced analytical approaches for elucidating molecular interactions within the core of polymeric micelles for effective solubilization as well as for analyzing nanomedicine's pharmacokinetic profiles. Taking into account the considerations described within, academic and industrial researchers can continue to elucidate novel interactions in polymeric micelles and capitalize on their potential as drug delivery vehicles to help improve therapeutic outcomes in systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jacob D Ramsey
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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Ghoroghchian F, Bayat Y, Abrishami F. Compatibility of energetic plasticizers with the triblock copolymer of polypropylene glycol-glycidyl azide polymer-polypropylene glycol (PPG-GAP-PPG). JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is well known as an energetic prepolymer, but its application as a binder in propellants is limited due to its relatively high glass transition temperature and relatively poor mechanical properties. Copolymerization of GAP with polypropylene glycol (PPG) has been shown to improve GAPs properties because of the good thermal and mechanical properties of PPG. In this research we synthesized triblock copolymer of PPG-GAP-PPG and the compatibilities of this copolymer were investigated with energetic plasticizers (20% w/w) n-butyl nitroxyethylnitramine (BuNENA), trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN), and butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN) by solubility parameter, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vacuum stability test (VST). The DSC results showed that BuNENA had better compatibility with the triblock copolymer in comparison to TMETN and BTTN. It reduced the T
g of PPG-GAP-PPG from −58 to −63 °C. The rheological analysis was in good agreement with the DSC results obtained for the compatibility of the plasticizers. In the case of the addition of 20% w/w BuNENA, the viscosity of copolymer/plasticizer decreased from 550 to 128 mPa s, indicating appropriate compatibility of plasticizer with the copolymer. SEM images showed a better distribution of BuNENA in the copolymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ghoroghchian
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Malek‐Ashtar University of Technology , Lavizan Shabanloo , Tehran, o21 , Iran
| | - Yadollah Bayat
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Malek‐Ashtar University of Technology , Lavizan Shabanloo , Tehran, o21 , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abrishami
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Malek‐Ashtar University of Technology , Lavizan Shabanloo , Tehran, o21 , Iran
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Jadhav P, Gokarna V, Deshpande V, Vavia P. Bioavailability Enhancement of Olmesartan Medoxomil Using Hot-Melt Extrusion: In-Silico, In-Vitro, and In-Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:254. [PMID: 32888102 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) an antihypertensive molecule with poor solubility and poor bioavailability (26% when taken orally) was selected as a model drug. Herein, rationale development of amorphous solid dispersion with hot-melt extrusion of poorly bioavailable OLM was carried out with the aid of quality by design (QbD), in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo evaluations. Polymer selection commenced with the selection of thermoplastic water-soluble polymers with the compatible processing temperature window as per the thermal behavior of OLM. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as well assisted in the selection of a carrier. Promising dissolution enhancement was observed with the help of Kollidon VA-64 (VA-64) as a carrier. Optimization of the formulation was executed using the QbD approach with design of experiment as a statistical optimization tool. Interactions between VA-64 and OLM on the atomic level were studied with the help of atomistic MD simulations. Characterization of the optimized extrudates were carried out with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, in-vitro dissolution study, and in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Molecular-level mixing of OLM with VA-64 resulted into glass solution formation which rapidly dissolves (28 times in-vitro dissolution enhancement) in GI tract fluids and instantly gets absorbed into blood circulation. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies performed in Sprague-Dawley rats reflected superior bioavailability (201.60%) with a significant increase in the Cmax with short Tmax through amorphization of OLM. The in-silico results were in agreement with the observed results of in-vitro dissolution studies and in-vivo pharmacokinetic study.
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Independent Tailoring of Dose and Drug Release via a Modularized Product Design Concept for Mass Customization. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080771. [PMID: 32823877 PMCID: PMC7465528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent individualization of multiple product attributes, such as dose and drug release, is a crucial overarching requirement of pharmaceutical products for individualized therapy as is the unified integration of individualized product design with the processes and production that drive patient access to such therapy. Individualization intrinsically demands a marked increase in the number of product variants to suit smaller, more stratified patient populations. One established design strategy to provide enhanced product variety is product modularization. Despite existing customized and/or modular product design concepts, multifunctional individualization in an integrated manner is still strikingly absent in pharma. Consequently, this study aims to demonstrate multifunctional individualization through a modular product design capable of providing an increased variety of release profiles independent of dose and dosage form size. To further exhibit that increased product variety is attainable even with a low degree of product modularity, the modular design was based upon a fixed target dosage form size of approximately 200 mm3 comprising two modules, approximately 100 mm3 each. Each module contained a melt-extruded and molded formulation of 40% w/w metoprolol succinate in a PEG1500 and Kollidon® VA64 erodible hydrophilic matrix surrounded by polylactic acid and/or polyvinyl acetate as additional release rate-controlling polymers. Drug release testing confirmed the generation of predictable, combined drug release kinetics for dosage forms, independent of dose, based on a product’s constituent modules and enhanced product variety through a minimum of six dosage form release profiles from only three module variants. Based on these initial results, the potential of the reconfigurable modular product design concept is discussed for unified integration into a pharmaceutical mass customization/mass personalization context.
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Meereboer K, Pal AK, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Sustainable PHBV/Cellulose Acetate Blends: Effect of a Chain Extender and a Plasticizer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14221-14231. [PMID: 32596558 PMCID: PMC7315424 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and cellulose acetate (CA) were blended in the presence of a plasticizer, i.e., triethyl citrate (TEC), and a chain extender, i.e., poly(styrene-acrylic-co-glycidyl methacrylate). To increase the ductility and impact properties of PHBV and to investigate a new biodegradable PHBV-based blend for sustainable packaging, CA was compatibilized with TEC. PHBV and plasticized CA (pCA) blends showed complete immiscibility through separate glass transition and melting peak temperatures in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), despite the similar Hansen solubility parameters of PHBV, CA, and TEC, indicating partial miscibility. Phase separation between PHBV and pCA was clearly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PHBV/pCA (70:30) blends had improved impact strength, exceeding that of neat PHBV and pCA, which is attributed to PHBV porosity induced by degradation from the high processing temperature. During processing, the plasticizer migrated from CA to PHBV and partially plasticized it, as evidenced through DSC analysis. The melt temperature of PHBV was reduced, which was confirmed by double melting peaks, representing the formation of secondary crystallites at a lower temperature. Due to processing at high temperatures (210-220 °C), significant porosity was observed in the PHBV/pCA 30:70 blend in SEM analysis. Consequently, the impact strength was improved by 110% as compared to that of virgin PHBV. The addition of CE had no effect on the mechanical properties but did make the PHBV/pCA blends morphologically uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjeld
W. Meereboer
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Akhilesh K. Pal
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproducts
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Crop Science
Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Kumar A, Singh P, Nanda A. Hot stage microscopy and its applications in pharmaceutical characterization. Appl Microsc 2020; 50:12. [PMID: 33580349 PMCID: PMC7818341 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-020-00032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot stage microscopy (HSM) is a thermal analysis technique that combines the best properties of thermal analysis and microscopy. HSM is rapidly gaining interest in pharmaceuticals as well as in other fields as a regular characterization technique. In pharmaceuticals HSM is used to support differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) observations and to detect small changes in the sample that may be missed by DSC and TGA during a thermal experiment. Study of various physical and chemical properties such sample morphology, crystalline nature, polymorphism, desolvation, miscibility, melting, solid state transitions and incompatibility between various pharmaceutical compounds can be carried out using HSM. HSM is also widely used to screen cocrystals, excipients and polymers for solid dispersions. With the advancements in research methodologies, it is now possible to use HSM in conjunction with other characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), DSC, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which may have additional benefits over traditional characterization techniques for rapid and comprehensive solid state characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pritam Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Arun Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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Hyttinen N, Prisle NL. Improving Solubility and Activity Estimates of Multifunctional Atmospheric Organics by Selecting Conformers in COSMO therm. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4801-4812. [PMID: 32420745 PMCID: PMC7297446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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We
estimated aqueous solubilities and activity coefficients of
atmospherically relevant highly oxidized multifunctional organic compounds
in binary mixtures with water at temperatures between 278.15 and 338.15
K, using the COSMOtherm program. Physicochemical
properties of organic aerosol constituents are needed in the modeling
of atmospheric aerosol processes. As experimental data are often impossible
to obtain, reliable estimates from theoretical approaches are a promising
path to fill this gap. We investigated the effect of intramolecular
hydrogen bonds on the estimation of these condensed-phase properties,
attempting to improve the agreement between experimental and estimated
values. Citric, tartaric, malic, and maleic acids, which are often
used in atmospheric models as representatives of oxidized compounds,
were selected to benchmark our calculations. In addition, we estimated
aqueous solubilities and activity coefficients of α-pinene-derived
organosulfates and highly oxidized isoprene-derived organic compounds,
for which no experimental data are available. Our results indicate
that the absolute aqueous solubility and activity coefficient estimates
of citric, tartaric, malic, and maleic acids, and likely other multifunctional
organics, can be improved significantly by selecting conformers on
the basis of their intramolecular hydrogen bonding in COSMOtherm calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Nønne L Prisle
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Simões MF, Nogueira BA, Tabanez AM, Fausto R, Pinto RM, Simões S. Enhanced solid-state stability of amorphous ibrutinib formulations prepared by hot-melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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