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Behr W, Li H, Birk R, Nastev A, Kramer B, Klein S, Stuck BA, Birk CE. Impact of Bepanthen ® and dexpanthenol on human nasal ciliary beat frequency in vitro. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s00405-023-07916-y. [PMID: 36920556 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexpanthenol-containing ointments/fluids are recommended to restore impaired nasal mucosa. To date, there are no data about the influence of dexpanthenol or formulations including dexpanthenol on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of nasal epithelial cells. METHODS We tested the ciliary beat frequency of human nasal epithelial cells in RPMI 1640 cell solution using in vitro high-frequency video microscopy every 60 s over a period of 15 min (min). Bepanthen® solution and dexpanthenol in two clinically relevant concentrations (1.67% and 3.33%) were added to the cells. Addition of sterile water served as control group. To get a better overview, the measurements after 1 min, 5 min and 15 min were combined. RESULTS The CBF in the control group (n = 17) after 15 min was 7.3 ± 2.6 Hz. In comparison, the CBF after 15 min was 1.8 ± 1.0 Hz in the 3.33% Bepanthen® group (n = 17) and 3.2 ± 1.2 Hz in the 1.67% group, which was statistically significantly lower in both groups (p < 0.001). With regard to the dexpanthenol group (n = 17) a CBF of 6.0 ± 2.6 Hz with 3.33% and 6.1 ± 2.4 Hz with 1.67% dexpanthenol, was detected, which was again statistically significantly lower (p = 0.06) compared to the control group except CBF at 15 min with 1.57% (n = 17; p = 0.04). In general, the effect on CBF was less pronounced with dexpanthenol compared with Bepanthen® with a statistically significant difference between the two formulations. The results were verified by calculating an analysis of variance (ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS Bepanthen® as an ointment, solution or inhalation is commonly used in ENT for mucosal care. Our results have shown that both substances reduce CBF in clinically relevant concentrations, although the effect was more pronounced with Bepanthen® compared to dexpanthenol solution, which could be related to additives or change of physical properties in the solution. Further research is needed to assess potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Behr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - H Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - R Birk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Nastev
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Kramer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Klein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - B A Stuck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - C E Birk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldinger Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Galangin Nanoparticles Protect Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury: A Biochemical and Histopathological Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4619064. [PMID: 35990838 PMCID: PMC9385292 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4619064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the main causes of acute liver failure is overdose with acetaminophen. Excessive consumption of acetaminophen leads to the production of NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) through the activity of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. For this purpose, the effect of galangin nanoparticles with antioxidant activities will be evaluated for the treatment of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, after the synthesis of galangin nanoparticles and particle size determination, mice were divided into six groups. Before treatment, a single dose (350 mg/kg) of acetaminophen was administered by gavage in all groups. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as biochemical factors FRAP and MDA in serum were measured and a histopathological study was performed. The prepared nanoparticles produced in this research were characterized by the SEM, DLS, and ZETA potential, and the average particle size was obtained in the range of 150 nm. Serum levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALT) in the nanoparticle group decreased significantly compared with the control group (
). In the group without treatment, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes increased significantly compared with the treatment groups. Also, galangin nanoparticles, at a dose of 20 mg/kg, improve cell damage in hepatocytes and preserve the tissue structure of the liver. Galangin nanoparticles reduce the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing the number of liver function indices. According to our findings, the liver-protective effects of the nanoparticle may be due to its antioxidant properties.
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Use of Dexpanthenol for Atopic Dermatitis—Benefits and Recommendations Based on Current Evidence. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143943. [PMID: 35887707 PMCID: PMC9322723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease of multiple phenotypes and endotypes, and is highly prevalent in children. Many people of all ages, including active adolescents, pregnant women, and the elderly, suffer from AD, experiencing chronicity, flares, and unexpected relapse. Dexpanthenol has multiple pharmacological effects and has been employed to treat various skin disorders such as AD. We aimed to summarize the up-to-date evidence relating to dexpanthenol and to provide a consensus on how to use dexpanthenol effectively for the treatment of AD. Methods: The evidence to date on the application and efficacy of dexpanthenol in AD was reviewed. The literature search focused on dexpanthenol use and the improvement of skin barrier function, the prevention of acute flares, and its topical corticosteroid (TCS) sparing effects. Evidence and recommendations for special groups such as pregnant women, and the effects of dexpanthenol and emollient plus in maintenance therapy, were also summarized. Results: Dexpanthenol is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of AD. Dexpanthenol improves skin barrier function, reduces acute and frequent flares, has a significant TCS sparing effect, and enhances wound healing for skin lesions. Conclusion: This review article provides helpful advice for clinicians and patients on the proper maintenance treatment of AD. Dexpanthenol, as an active ingredient in ointments or emollients, is suitable for the treatment and maintenance of AD. This paper will guide dermatologists and clinicians to consider dexpanthenol as a treatment option for mild to moderate AD.
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Chen X, Shao B, Yu C, Yao Q, Ma P, Li H, Li B, Sun C. Energy disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to α-amatoxin-induced liver function damage and liver failure. Toxicol Lett 2021; 336:68-79. [PMID: 33098907 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom toxicity is the main branch of foodborne poisoning, and liver damage caused by amatoxin poisoning accounts for more than 90 % of deaths due to mushroom poisoning. Alpha-amatoxin (α-AMA) has been considered the primary toxin from amatoxin-containing mushrooms, which is responsible for hepatotoxicity and death. However, the mechanism underlying liver failure due to α-AMA remains unclear. This study constructed animal and cell models. In the animal experiments, we investigated liver injury in BALB/c mice at different time points after α-AMA treatment, and explored the process of inflammatory infiltration using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Then, a metabonomics method based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was established to study the effect of α-AMA on liver metabonomics. The results showed a significant difference in liver metabolism between the exposed and control mice groups that coincided with pathological and biochemical indicators. Moreover, 20 metabolites and 4 metabolic pathways related to its mechanism of action were identified, which suggested that energy disorders related to mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the causes of death. The significant changes of trehalose and the fluctuation of LC3-II and sqstm1 p62 protein levels indicated that autophagy was also involved in the damage process, suggesting that autophagy may participate in the clearance process of damaged mitochondria after poisoning. Then, we constructed an α-AMA-induced human normal liver cells (L-02 cells) injury model. The above hypothesis was further verified by detecting cell necrosis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m), and cellular ATP level. Collectively, our results serve as direct evidence of elevated in vivo hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in α-AMA-exposed mice and suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the early stage of α-AMA induced liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China.
| | - Chengmin Yu
- Yunnan Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qunmei Yao
- Yunnan Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China.
| | - Peibin Ma
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Haijiao Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengye Sun
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29th Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Kose A, Parlakpinar H, Ozhan O, Ermis N, Yildiz A, Vardi N, Cigremis Y. Therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems following cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:428-437. [PMID: 32043372 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1714078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is a commonly used model of sepsis in vivo. We investigated the effects of dexpanthenol (DXP) on heart, lung and aorta in CLP-induced sepsis in rats. Rats were divided into four groups of eight: group 1, sham (SH); group 2 (DXP), 500 mg/kg DXP injected intraperitoneally (i.p.); group 3 (CLP), CLP performed; group 4 (CLP + DXP), 500 mg/kg DXP injected i.p. after CLP. Heart, lung and aorta specimens were harvested for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Heart rate increased in group 3 compared to group 1; DXP administration to group 4 did not alleviate this change. In heart tissue samples, MDA levels were decreased significantly in groups 2 and 4 compared to group 3. The levels of GSH in groups 2 and 3 were elevated compared to groups 1 and 2. SOD activity was increased significantly in group 4 compared to group 3. CAT activity for group 4 was increased significantly compared to groups 1 and 3. We found that caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity was increased after application of CLP. Also, DXP treatment decreased the number of caspase-positive cells significantly compared to group 3. DXP appears to be promising for reducing sepsis-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Kose
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Onural Ozhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Necip Ermis
- Department of Cardiology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Azibe Yildiz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Cigremis
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
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Gramatyka M, Boguszewicz ᴌ, Ciszek M, Gabryś D, Kulik R, Sokół M. Metabolic changes in mice cardiac tissue after low-dose irradiation revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:14-26. [PMID: 31840756 PMCID: PMC6976729 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation may cause cardiotoxicity not only at high, but even at low (considered as harmless) doses, yet the molecular mechanisms of the heart's response to low doses are not clear. In this work, we used high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to detect the early and late effects of radiation on the metabolism of murine hearts. The hearts of C57Bl/6NCrl female mice were irradiated in vivo with single 0.2 Gy or 2 Gy doses using 6 MV photons, then tissues were collected 48 h and 20 weeks after exposure. The most distinct changes in the profile of polar metabolites were detected 48 h after irradiation with 2 Gy, and included increased levels of pantothenate and glutamate as well as decreased levels of alanine, malonate, acetylcarnitine, glycine and adenosine. Significant effects of the 2 Gy dose were also observed 20 weeks after irradiation and included decreased levels of glutamine and acetylcarnitine when compared with age-matched controls. Moreover, several differences were observed between hearts irradiated with 2 Gy and analyzed either 48 h or 20 weeks after the exposure, which included changes in levels of acetylcarnitine, alanine, glycine, glutamate, glutamine, formate, myo-inositol and trimethylamine. No statistically significant effects induced by the 0.2 Gy dose were observed 20 weeks after irradiation. In general, radiation-affected compounds were associated with energy metabolism, fatty acid beta-oxidation, oxidative stress and damage to cell structures. At the same time, radiation-related effects were not detected at the level of tissue histology, which indicated a higher sensitivity of metabolomics-based tests for cardiac tissue response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Gramatyka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - ᴌukasz Boguszewicz
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ciszek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Gabryś
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roland Kulik
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Sokół
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
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Ucar M, Aydogan M, Vardı N, Parlakpınar H. Protective Effect of Dexpanthenol on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Liver Injury. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3135-3143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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SM S, HN S, NA E, AS H. Curative role of pantothenic acid in brain damage of gamma irradiated rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:314-321. [PMID: 30072831 PMCID: PMC6052731 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation induced brain damage is associated with impairment of mitochondrial functions, variations in the level of neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the level of neurotransmitters since the precursors are supplied by the Kreb's cycle intermediates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pantothenic acid, an essential component in the synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA), on the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA; the activity of transaminases, and oxidative stress, in the cerebrum of γ-irradiated rats. Pantothenic acid (26 mg/Kg) was orally administered to the rats, 2 h after irradiation and during the following 5 days. Animals were sacrificed the 7th day post-irradiation. The exposure of male albino rats to γ-rays (5 Gy) has triggered oxidative stress notified by a significant elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, associated to a significant decrease in the content of phospholipids, and the antioxidant compound glutathione (GSH). The activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH, has significantly decreased, while the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA has significantly increased. In parallel to these changes, the activity of alanine and aspartate transaminase has significantly increased, compared to their values in the control rats. Pantothenic acid treatment, has significantly attenuated oxidative stress; enhanced the activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH; minimized the increase in the level of amino acids and the activity of transaminases, compared to their values in the cerebrum of irradiated rats. In conclusion, pantothenic acid could improve the level of neurotransmitters amino acids, which depends on the enzymatic activities of Krebs cycle and linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedid SM
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Saada HN
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Eltahawy NA
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
| | - Hammad AS
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor, Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo Governorate 11787 Egypt
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Kalkan F, Parlakpinar H, Disli OM, Tanriverdi LH, Ozhan O, Polat A, Cetin A, Vardi N, Otlu YO, Acet A. Protective and therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol on isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7479-7489. [PMID: 29775243 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the protective and therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol (DEX) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac damage. Forty rats were distributed into four groups: group I (Control); group II (ISO); ISO (150 mg/kg/day) was given to rats once a day for 2 consecutive days with an interval of 24 h; group III (DEX+ISO): DEX (250 mg/kg) was applied 30 min before the first ISO administration and continued in the next two days after second ISO administration; group IV (ISO+DEX): After the ISO treatment at 1st and 2nd days, DEX was given at 3rd and 4th days. Rats were monitored for mean arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate, oxygen saturation (%SO2 ), and electrocardiography (ECG). Heart tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), total oxidant status (TOS); total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and caspase-3 were determined. BP and SO2 values indicated a significant decrease in the ISO group. Also, T wave negativity was observed in 6 of 10 rats, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels were significantly lower in ISO group than control group. ISO administration increased TOS and OSI levels, whereas DEX treatment significantly reduced these parameters. Also, ISO-induced morphological alterations such as disorganization of cardiomyocytes, loss of myofibrils and cytoplasmic vacuolization whereas these histological damages were significantly decreased in ISO+DEX and DEX+ISO groups when compared to the ISO group. This study implies the cardioprotective effects of DEX on ISO-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Kalkan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Olcay M Disli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Lokman H Tanriverdi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Onural Ozhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Alaaddin Polat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Cetin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz O Otlu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Acet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Mösges R, Shah-Hosseini K, Hucke HP, Joisten MJ. Dexpanthenol: An Overview of its Contribution to Symptom Relief in Acute Rhinitis Treated with Decongestant Nasal Sprays. Adv Ther 2017; 34:1850-1858. [PMID: 28695477 PMCID: PMC5565656 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasal blockage is the most bothersome symptom of acute rhinitis. Nasal decongestant sprays containing alpha-sympathomimetics, such as oxymetazoline and xylometazoline, have a rapid onset of action. However, this effect decreases with repeated application and, furthermore, the ciliary function of the nasal mucosa is practically paralyzed. Dexpanthenol promotes cell proliferation and protects the epithelium. Combining these two agents has demonstrated beneficial synergetic effects on the symptoms of acute rhinitis. In a post hoc analysis of a large-scale double-blind, active-controlled study including 152 patients, we could demonstrate that the benefit of added dexpanthenol appears as early as on the third day of the combined application of xylometazoline and dexpanthenol in terms of complete or near-to-complete freedom from symptoms. After 5 days, 47% of the patients were cured under the combined treatment compared with only 1% under xylometazoline monotherapy. These data show that the addition of dexpanthenol to an alpha-sympathomimetic nasal spray not only improves its tolerability but also further increases its effectiveness and leads to expedited cure. FUNDING Klosterfrau Healthcare Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Mösges
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kija Shah-Hosseini
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Marie-Josefine Joisten
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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The effect of dexpanthenol on experimentally induced ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:777-784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Evaluation of the preventive effect of dexpanthenol in radiation injury by lung perfusion scintigraphy: a preclinical experimental model of radiation injury. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 36:1227-32. [PMID: 26509715 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to show the preventative effects of dexpanthenol in radiation injuries caused by radiotherapy (RT) through the use of lung perfusion scintigraphy in the pre-RT and post-RT periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six male New Zealand rabbits (5-6 months of age and ∼2.5-3 kg in weight) were the used in this study. The animals were subjected to Tc-macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scintigraphy in the pre-RT and post-RT (i.e. 2 weeks after treatment) periods. The scintigraphies were performed with the same dose by the same staff and the methodology used the same acquisition parameters. The rabbits were divided into two groups: group I (administered RT only) and group II (also administered intramuscular 500 mg dexpanthenol injections for 14 consecutive days after RT). Quantification was performed to compare the groups and the quantification variables were compared using a paired samples t-test, with P value less than 0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Histopathological analysis was also carried out. RESULTS The post-RT scintigraphies indicated a decrease in the counts in both lungs, suggesting early post-RT injury. The difference between the counts obtained from both lungs in groups I and II was significantly different and favoured group II. Histopathological results confirmed the scintigraphy results. CONCLUSION It is possible to estimate post-RT changes in the early period (in contrast to previous data) by lung perfusion scintigraphy. Dexpanthenol may also reduce the effects of RT to a degree. Although this is the first study to report the preventive effects of dexpanthenol on RT injuries, further studies are warranted in this area.
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Stepanichev MY, Markov DA, Freiman SV, Frolova OA, Omelyanchik SN, Borodina TA, Novikova MR, Kanunnikova NP, Onufriev MV, Moiseenok AG, Gulyaeva NV. Combined treatment with pantothenic acid derivatives and memantine alleviates scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats: The involvement of the thiol redox state and coenzyme A. NEUROCHEM J+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Cagin YF, Atayan Y, Sahin N, Parlakpinar H, Polat A, Vardi N, Tagluk ME, Tanbek K, Yildiz A. Beneficial effects of dexpanthenol on mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion injury in experimental rat model. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:354-65. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1126834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ozdemir R, Demirtas G, Parlakpinar H, Polat A, Tanbag K, Taslidere E, Karadag A. Dexpanthenol therapy reduces lung damage in a hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:1801-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1064104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Karadag A, Ozdemir R, Kurt A, Parlakpinar H, Polat A, Vardi N, Taslidere E, Karaman A. Protective effects of dexpanthenol in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:1119-24. [PMID: 25783305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE In pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), both oxidative stress and inflammation are considerable risk factors. The study was designed to evaluate whether administration of dexpanthenol (Dxp) is able to attenuate intestinal injury through the antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms in a neonatal rat model of NEC. METHODS Forty newborn pups divided into four groups were included in the study: control, control+Dxp, NEC, and NEC+Dxp. NEC was induced by hyperosmolar formula and additionally the pups were exposed to hypoxia/hyperoxia and cold stress. They were sacrificed on postnatal day four, and their intestinal tissues were analyzed biochemically and histopathologically. RESULTS Dxp caused a significant decrease in intestinal damage as determined by the histological score, villus height and number of goblet cells in NEC groups (p<0.0001). Tissue malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress indexes levels were higher in the NEC group than in the control and control+Dxp groups (p<0.001). These values were reduced in the pups treated with Dxp (p≤0.004). Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione activities were significantly reduced in the NEC group compared to the others (p<0.005). Treatment with Dxp significantly reduced elevations in tissue homogenate levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the NEC+Dxp group (p=0.002 and p=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Dexpanthenol seems to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Prophylaxis with Dxp has a potential to reduce the severity of intestinal damage in NEC in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Karadag
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Ozdemir
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Kurt
- Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Alaadin Polat
- Department of Physiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Taslidere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Karaman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Sen H, Deniz S, Yedekci AE, Inangil G, Muftuoglu T, Haholu A, Ozkan S. Effects of dexpanthenol and N-acetylcysteine pretreatment in rats before renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ren Fail 2014; 36:1570-4. [PMID: 25156619 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.949768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of concomitant use of dexpanthenol (DXP) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) induced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of kidney. METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. In all groups except for Group 1(Sham), renal arteries bilaterally occluded with vascular clamp for IR injury. Group 1(Sham), received a single dose of 10 mL/kg isotonic saline daily by intraperitoneal (IP) injection for three days. Group 2(IR), received a single dose of 10 mL/kg isotonic saline daily by IP injection for three days. Group 3(IR + NAC), received 300 mg/kg NAC daily by IP injection for three days. Group 4(IR + DXP), received 500 mg/kg DXP daily by IP injection for three days. Group 5(IR + NAC + DXP), received 500 mg/kg DXP and 300 mg/kg NAC daily by IP injection for three days. Serum urea (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, lipocalin 2, siderocalin) levels were measured as kidney function tests. TNF-α levels were measured as inflammatory marker. Tissue sections were evaluated histopathologically under light microscopy. RESULTS IR + NAC + DXP group received both NAC and DXP before induction of renal I/R and as the biochemical and histopathological data revealed the results of the IR + NAC + DXP group and sham group were similar. Biochemically and histopathologically, combined use of NAC and DXP has better results when each of them used alone. CONCLUSION We concluded that concomitant use of DXP and NAC plays a major role against I/R injury and may be useful in acute treatment of I/R induced renal failure.
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Hutschenreuther A, Birkenmeier G, Bigl M, Krohn K, Birkemeyer C. Glycerophosphoglycerol, Beta-alanine, and pantothenic Acid as metabolic companions of glycolytic activity and cell migration in breast cancer cell lines. Metabolites 2013; 3:1084-101. [PMID: 24958267 PMCID: PMC3937838 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer research, cell lines are used to explore the molecular basis of the disease as a substitute to tissue biopsies. Breast cancer in particular is a very heterogeneous type of cancer, and different subgroups of cell lines have been established according to their genomic profiles and tumor characteristics. We applied GCMS metabolite profiling to five selected breast cancer cell lines and found this heterogeneity reflected on the metabolite level as well. Metabolite profiles of MCF-7 cells belonging to the luminal gene cluster proved to be more different from those of the basal A cell line JIMT-1 and the basal B cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and MDA-MB-436 with only slight differences in the intracellular metabolite pattern. Lactate release into the cultivation medium as an indicator of glycolytic activity was correlated to the metabolite profiles and physiological characteristics of each cell line. In conclusion, pantothenic acid, beta-alanine and glycerophosphoglycerol appeared to be related to the glycolytic activity designated through high lactate release. Other physiological parameters coinciding with glycolytic activity were high glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity as well as cell migration as an additional important characteristic contributing to the aggressiveness of tumor cells. Metabolite profiles of the cell lines are comparatively discussed with respect to known biomarkers of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Hutschenreuther
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gerd Birkenmeier
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marina Bigl
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Knut Krohn
- University of Leipzig, IZKF Core Unit DNA-Technologies, Liebigstr 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Ermis H, Parlakpinar H, Gulbas G, Vardi N, Polat A, Cetin A, Kilic T, Aytemur ZA. Protective effect of dexpanthenol on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:1103-10. [PMID: 23995256 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies, there is no effective treatment currently available other than pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A protective effect of pantothenic acid and its derivatives on cell damage produced by oxygen radicals has been reported, but it has not been tested in bleomycin (BLM)--induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the preventive effect of dexpanthenol (Dxp) on pulmonary fibrosis. Thirty-two rats were assigned to four groups as follows: (1) control group, (2) dexpanthenol (Dxp) group; 500 mg/kg Dxp continued intraperitoneally for 14 days, (3) bleomycin (BLM) group; a single intratracheal injection of BLM (2.5 mg/kg body weight in 0.25-ml phosphate buffered saline), and (4) BLM + Dxp-treated group; 500 mg/kg Dxp was administered 1 h before the intratracheal BLM injection and continued for 14 days i.p. The histopathological grades of lung inflammation and collagen deposition, tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. BLM provoked inflammation and collagen deposition (p < 0.0001), with a marked increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity resembling increased inflammatory activity (p < 0.0001), which was prevented by Dxp (p < 0.0001, p = 0.02). BLM reduced tissue activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT compared to controls (p = 0.01, 0.03, 0.009). MDA was increased with BLM (p = 0.003). SOD (p = 0.001) and MDA (p = 0.016) levels were improved in group 4. The CAT levels in the BLM + Dxp group were close to those in the control group (p > 0.05). We showed that Dxp significantly prevents BLM-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of Dxp in the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ermis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Elazig Yolu 15.km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey,
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Tishkina AO, Novikova MR, Stepanichev MY, Levshina IP, Pasikova NV, Lazareva NA, Moiseenok AG, Gulyaeva NV. Changes in the expression of astroglial and microglial markers in the hippocampus of rats adapted to chronic stress and the effects of panthenol. NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712413020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Altintas R, Parlakpinar H, Beytur A, Vardi N, Polat A, Sagir M, Odabas GP. Protective Effect of Dexpanthenol on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 36:220-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000343411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Onufriev MV, Stepanichev MY, Lazareva NV, Katkovskaya IN, Tishkina AO, Moiseenok AG, Gulyaeva NV. Panthenol as neuroprotectant: Study in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. NEUROCHEM J+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241002011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schweikert K, Gafner F, Dell’Acqua G. A bioactive complex to protect proteins from UV-induced oxidation in human epidermis. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32:29-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Karbownik M, Reiter RJ. Antioxidative Effects of Melatonin in Protection Against Cellular Damage Caused by Ionizing Radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1373.2000.22502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Slyshenkov VS, Shevalye AA, Moiseenok AG. Pantothenate prevents disturbances in the synaptosomal glutathione system and functional state of synaptosomal membrane under oxidative stress conditions. NEUROCHEM J+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712407030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Etensel B, Ozkisacik S, Ozkara E, Karul A, Oztan O, Yazici M, Gürsoy H. Dexpanthenol attenuates lipid peroxidation and testicular damage at experimental ischemia and reperfusion injury. Pediatr Surg Int 2007; 23:177-81. [PMID: 16983563 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-006-1781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of tissue damage after testicular torsion caused by I/R injury is still a clinical and experimental problem. There are many experimental studies made with several chemicals in the literature for decreasing the effect of reactive oxygen species after ischemia and reperfusion. Dexpanthenol (Dxp) is the biologically active alcohol of pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid increases the content of reduced glutathione, Coenzyme A and ATP in cell. We studied the effect of Dxp on lipid peroxidation and testicular damage. Forty adult rats were separated randomly into five groups: group Sh, Sham-operation; group TD, torsion-detorsion; group NS, torsion-normal saline-detorsion; group D, torsion-Dxp 250 mg/kg detorsion; group D2, torsion-Dxp 500 mg/kg detorsion group. Serum MDA levels were taken before detorsion, after torsion at the first and fifth minute and at the first hour. Tissue sample was taken at the first hour. The alterations of I/R injury on testis were histological graded. Serum MDA levels were significantly lower in group D2 compared to all groups. The histopathology score of group D2 was significantly lower than groups TD, NS and D. Histopathological score and serum MDA levels are strikingly compatible. Dxp attenuated lipid peroxidation and tissue damage at I/R injury. This effect depends on its antioxidant effect with increasingly reduced glutathione, Coenzyme A and ATP. The effect of Dxp on I/R injury has been shown for the first time in the experimental testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barlas Etensel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
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Song LH, Yan HL, Cai DL. Gene expression profiles in the liver of mice irradiated with (60)Co gamma rays and treated with soybean isoflavone. Eur J Nutr 2006; 45:406-17. [PMID: 16969605 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-006-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the radio-protective effect of soybean isoflavone that we observed in our recent animal experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized a cDNA microarray to investigate the expression profiles of 4,096 known genes in the livers of irradiated-mice with or without soybean isoflavone treatment. Dye swap approach was employed to control for gene-specific dye bias and quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed on several genes to validate the cDNA microarray data. RESULTS Compared with the control group, 68 genes were up-regulated and 28 genes were down-regulated in mice treated with irradiation alone, whereas only 6 genes were down-regulated and 35 genes were up-regulated in mice treated with soybean isoflavone. Interestingly, some of the down-regulated genes in the irradiated group, such as DNA repair and stress response genes and cytoskeleton-associated genes, which are markers of cellular damage after irradiation, were maintained at close to normal expression levels after soybean isoflavone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of gene expression profiles in the livers of irradiated-mice treated with or without soybean isoflavone suggested that soybean isoflavone may be an efficient tool to reverse irradiation damage of the liver through multiple-pathways and also provides important clues to further pursue the molecular mechanisms underlying the radio-protective activity of soybean isoflavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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Slyshenkov VS, Dymkowska D, Wojtczak L. Pantothenic acid and pantothenol increase biosynthesis of glutathione by boosting cell energetics. FEBS Lett 2004; 569:169-72. [PMID: 15225628 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously observed (summarized in BioFactors 17 (2003) 61) that pantothenic acid, pantothenol and other derivatives that are precursors of CoA protect cells and whole organs against peroxidative damage by increasing the content of cell glutathione. The present investigation was aimed to elucidate the mechanism of this increase in human lymphoblastoic (Jurkat) cells. It showed that incubation of the cells with pantothenic acid or pantothenol increased mainly the content of free glutathione, with little effect on protein-bound glutathione. Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, prevented this increase. Increase of the content of free glutathione, as produced by pantothenic acid or pantothenol, was largely prevented by respiratory chain inhibitor rotenone, inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthesis oligomycin and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone. These treatments also decreased the cellular content of ATP. Preincubation with pantothenic acid or pantothenol also increased cell respiration with pyruvate as the exogenous substrate. Although no significant increase of total cell CoA content could be found, it is concluded that the increase of the glutathione level was due to increased production of ATP that was, in turn, a result of the increased content of mitochondrial CoA.
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Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Herman TS, Thomas CR. Melatonin as a radioprotective agent: a review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 59:639-53. [PMID: 15183467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2003] [Revised: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), the chief secretory product of the pineal gland in the brain, is well known for its functional versatility. In hundreds of investigations, melatonin has been documented as a direct free radical scavenger and an indirect antioxidant, as well as an important immunomodulatory agent. The radical scavenging ability of melatonin is believed to work via electron donation to detoxify a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including the highly toxic hydroxyl radical. It has long been recognized that the damaging effects of ionizing radiation are brought about by both direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct action produces disruption of sensitive molecules in the cells, whereas the indirect effects ( approximately 70%) result from its interaction with water molecules, which results in the production of highly reactive free radicals such as *OH, *H, and e(aq)- and their subsequent action on subcellular structures. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of melatonin was used as a rationale to determine its radioprotective efficiency. Indeed, the results from many in vitro and in vivo investigations have confirmed that melatonin protects mammalian cells from the toxic effects of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, several clinical reports indicate that melatonin administration, either alone or in combination with traditional radiotherapy, results in a favorable efficacy:toxicity ratio during the treatment of human cancers. This article reviews the literature from laboratory investigations that document the ability of melatonin to scavenge a variety of free radicals (including the hydroxyl radical induced by ionizing radiation) and summarizes the evidence that should be used to design larger translational research-based clinical trials using melatonin as a radioprotector and also in cancer radiotherapy. The potential use of melatonin for protecting individuals from radiation terrorism is also considered.
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Undeger U, Giray B, Zorlu AF, Oge K, Baçaran N. Protective effects of melatonin on the ionizing radiation induced DNA damage in the rat brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 55:379-84. [PMID: 15088639 DOI: 10.1078/0940-2993-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenously produced antioxidant with radioprotective actions while ionizing radiation is a well-known cytotoxic and mutagenic agent of which the biological results are attributable to its free radical producing effects. The effect of melatonin on the DNA strand breakage and lipid peroxidation induced by ionizing radiation in the rat brain were investigated in order to clarify its radioprotective ability. The DNA strand breakage in rat brain exposed to 1000 cGy ionizing radiation was assessed by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis and the lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations. A significant increase in DNA damage (p < 0.05) and TBARS concentrations (p < 0.01) was found in the radiation treated rat brain. Pre-treatment of rats with intraperitoneal doses of 100 mg/kg melatonin provided a significant decrease in the DNA strand breakage and lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that melatonin can protect brain cells from oxidative damage induced by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulko Undeger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wojtczak L, Slyshenkov VS. Protection by pantothenic acid against apoptosis and cell damage by oxygen free radicals--the role of glutathione. Biofactors 2003; 17:61-73. [PMID: 12897429 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520170107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lech Wojtczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Wollina1 U, Christen2 N, Kostler1 E, Schorcht2 J. Zur Prophylaxe und Therapie der Radiodermatitis und Radiomucositis. On prophylaxis and treatment of radition-induced dermatitis and mucositis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0353.2002.02103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Slyshenkov VS, Piwocka K, Sikora E, Wojtczak L. Pantothenic acid protects jurkat cells against ultraviolet light-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30:1303-10. [PMID: 11368928 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human leukemic T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) were induced to undergo apoptosis by brief irradiation with ultraviolet C light (254 nm). This was accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the form of conjugated dienes, a decrease of total glutathione content, and a shift of its redox state towards the oxidized form. Preincubation of the cells with 1 mM pantothenate resulted in a significant elevation of total glutathione content of the cells, reaching its maximum level, 160% of the control, after 3 h. Similar increase was observed after preincubation with 5 mM N-acetylcysteine, a known precursor of glutathione. Both pantothenic acid and N-acetylcysteine alleviated the ultraviolet-induced decrease of glutathione content, diminished lipid peroxidation, and partly protected the cells against apoptosis produced by ultraviolet irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Slyshenkov
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Karbownik M, Reiter RJ. Antioxidative effects of melatonin in protection against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2000. [PMID: 10998194 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1373.2000.22502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is classified as a potent carcinogen, and its injury to living cells is, to a large extent, due to oxidative stress. The molecule most often reported to be damaged by ionizing radiation is DNA. Hydroxyl radicals (*OH), considered the most damaging of all free radicals generated in organisms, are often responsible for DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a well-known antioxidant that protects DNA, lipids, and proteins from free-radical damage. The indoleamine manifests its antioxidative properties by stimulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging free radicals directly or indirectly. Among known antioxidants, melatonin is a highly effective scavenger of *OH. Melatonin is distributed ubiquitously in organisms and, as far as is known, in all cellular compartments, and it quickly passes through all biological membranes. The protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress caused by ionizing radiation have been documented in in vitro and in vivo studies in different species and in in vitro experiments that used human tissues, as well as when melatonin was given to humans and then tissues collected and subjected to ionizing radiation. The radioprotective effects of melatonin against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and its low toxicity make this molecule a potential supplement in the treatment or co-treatment in situations where the effects of ionizing radiation are to be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karbownik
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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Karbownik M, Reiter RJ, Qi W, Garcia JJ, Tan DX, Manchester LC. Protective effects of melatonin against oxidation of guanine bases in DNA and decreased microsomal membrane fluidity in rat liver induced by whole body ionizing radiation. Mol Cell Biochem 2000; 211:137-44. [PMID: 11055556 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007148530845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the potential protective effect of melatonin against whole body ionizing radiation (800 cGy). Changes in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, an index of DNA damage, and alterations in membrane fluidity (the inverse of membrane rigidity) and lipid peroxidation in microsomal membranes, as indices of damage to lipid and protein molecules in membranes, were estimated. Measurements were made in rat liver, 12 h after their exposure to radiation. To test the potential protective effects of melatonin, the indole was injected (i.p. 50 mg/kg b.w.) at 120, 90, 60 and 30 min prior to radiation exposure. Both 8-OH-dG levels and microsomal membrane rigidity increased significantly 12 h after radiation exposure. Melatonin completely counteracted the effects of ionizing radiation. Changes in 8-OH-dG levels and membrane fluidity are early sensitive parameters of DNA and microsomal membrane damage, respectively, induced by ionizing radiation and our findings document the protective effects of melatonin against ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karbownik
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA
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Moiseenok AG, Komar VI, Khomich TI, Kanunnikova NP, Slyshenkov VS. Pantothenic acid in maintaining thiol and immune homeostasis. Biofactors 2000; 11:53-5. [PMID: 10705960 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Moiseenok
- Laboratory of Coenzymes, Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences, Grodno, Belarus
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