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Ali S, Xie J, Zada S, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Cai R, Wang H. Bacterial community structure and bacterial isolates having antimicrobial potential in shrimp pond aquaculture. AMB Express 2022; 12:82. [PMID: 35737135 PMCID: PMC9226248 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases outbreaks in pond aquaculture have resulted in huge losses to the aquaculture industry. The emergence of non-antimicrobial and environment friendly agents (probiotics) is the potential consideration for the healthy shrimp aquaculture. The present study was aimed to compare the bacterial community compositions in shrimp ponds and surrounding seawater, as well as isolate probiotic bacteria from the shrimp ponds. Based on the high-throughput of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all sequences were assigned to 3584 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity levels, which were affiliated with 24 phyla, 54 classes, 235 families, and 367 genera. The 10 most abundant phyla were Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Desulfobacterota, Patescibacteria and Verrucomicrobiota. Notably, the alpha diversity (Shannon diversity) of shrimp ponds was significantly differences (P < 0.05) with that of surrounding seawater. There were 2498 and 791 unique OTUs in shrimp ponds and surrounding seawater, respectively. A total of 15 isolates were obtained in the culturable bacterial diversity, and the antibacterial activities were recorded for potential probiotic bacterial isolates against different tested bacterial isolates including pathogenic bacteria. An isolate Hallobacillusmarinus HMALI004 showed strong inhibitory effects against three pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio cholerae CECT 514, non AHPND V. parahaemolyticus BCRC12959 and AHPND V. parahaemolyticus PD-2. The isolates Algophigussanaruensis AGALI005, Algoriphagus taiwanensis ATALI009 and Bacillusaequororis BAALI008 were also identified as potential probiotics strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Ali
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jianmin Xie
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Sahib Zada
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Runlin Cai
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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2
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Antimicrobial Power of Organic Acids and Nature-Identical Compounds against Two Vibrio spp.: An In Vitro Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050966. [PMID: 33947155 PMCID: PMC8146449 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrosis is one of the major threats in aquaculture farming, and due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance of different Vibrio species, there is an urgent need to replace conventional treatments with more sustainable solutions. Antimicrobial molecules such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in the infection management of terrestrial livestock, but little is known about their usage in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary screening of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a wide panel of OA and NIC against 2 Vibrio species characteristic of the Mediterranean area, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum, through minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration tests. The active principles that showed the best effective pathogen control were medium-chain fatty acids, sorbic and benzoic acid among OA and phenolic monoterpenoids (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) and aromatic monoterpene aldehydes (vanillin and cinnamaldehyde) among NIC. These results showed how the usage of OA and NIC can open promising perspectives in terms of Vibrio spp. load control in aquaculture. Natural or nature-identical feed additives can make aquaculture production not only more efficient by reducing the need for medicated treatments, but also more sustainable.
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3
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Duane TM, Huston JM, Collom M, Beyer A, Parli S, Buckman S, Shapiro M, McDonald A, Diaz J, Tessier JM, Sanders J. Surgical Infection Society 2020 Updated Guidelines on the Management of Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2021; 22:383-399. [PMID: 33646051 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Surgical Infection Society (SIS) Guidelines for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) were published in October 2009 in Surgical Infections. The purpose of this project was to provide a succinct update on the earlier guidelines based on an additional decade of data. Methods: We reviewed the previous guidelines eliminating bite wounds and diabetic foot infections including their associated references. Relevant articles on the topic of complicated SSTIs from 2008-2020 were reviewed and graded individually. Comparisons were then made between the old and the new graded recommendations with review of the older references by two authors when there was disparity between the grades. Results: The majority of new studies addressed antimicrobial options and duration of therapy particularly in complicated abscesses. There were fewer updated studies on diagnosis and specific operative interventions. Many of the topics addressed in the original guidelines had no new literature to evaluate. Conclusions: Most recommendations remain unchanged from the original guidelines with the exception of increased support for adjuvant antimicrobial therapy after drainage of complex abscess and increased data for the use of alternative antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared M Huston
- Departments of Surgery and Science Education, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | | | - Adam Beyer
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Parli
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sara Buckman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark Shapiro
- Acute Care Surgery, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amy McDonald
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose Diaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Tessier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas Texas, USA
| | - James Sanders
- Department of Pharmacy and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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4
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Sharma L, Nagpal R, Jackson CR, Patel D, Singh P. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and gut microbiome communities associated with wild-caught shrimp from the United States versus imported farm-raised retail shrimp. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3356. [PMID: 33558614 PMCID: PMC7870836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, farm-raised shrimp accounts for ~ 80% of the market share. Farmed shrimp are cultivated as monoculture and are susceptible to infections. The aquaculture industry is dependent on the application of antibiotics for disease prevention, resulting in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and gut microbiome communities in commercially available shrimp. Thirty-one raw and cooked shrimp samples were purchased from supermarkets in Florida and Georgia (U.S.) between March-September 2019. The samples were processed for the isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and isolates were characterized using an array of molecular and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Aerobic plate counts of the cooked samples (n = 13) varied from < 25 to 6.2 log CFU/g. Isolates obtained (n = 110) were spread across 18 genera, comprised of coliforms and opportunistic pathogens. Interestingly, isolates from cooked shrimp showed higher resistance towards chloramphenicol (18.6%) and tetracycline (20%), while those from raw shrimp exhibited low levels of resistance towards nalidixic acid (10%) and tetracycline (8.2%). Compared to wild-caught shrimp, the imported farm-raised shrimp harbored distinct gut microbiota communities and a higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes in their gut. The presence of antibiotic-resistant strains in cooked shrimps calls for change in processing for their mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Sharma
- grid.255986.50000 0004 0472 0419Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- grid.255986.50000 0004 0472 0419Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA USA
| | - Dhruv Patel
- grid.255986.50000 0004 0472 0419Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
| | - Prashant Singh
- grid.255986.50000 0004 0472 0419Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
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5
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Spotlight on a novel bactericidal mechanism and a novel SXT/R391-like integrative and conjugative element, carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes, in Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra strain CDM8. Microbiol Res 2020; 242:126598. [PMID: 33039801 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many Pseudoalteromonas strains can produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activities. This study focused on a probiotic candidate P.flavipulchra CDM8 to reveal its novel antibacterial mechanism and risks for antibiotic resistance dissemination. Strain CDM8 could form floating biofilm, displayed strikingly broad antibacterial activities against multiple Vibrio and Bacillus species, and decreased the competitor's concentration in their co-cultures in the microtiter plate tests. It could also form vesicle/pilus-like structures on the outer surface, which were indicated to participate in the bactericidal activity and represent a novel antibacterial mechanism of CDM8, according to the scanning electron microscopic observation. However, CDM8 displayed multi-antibiotic resistance, conferred by the multidrug resistance regions in hotspot 4 and variable region III of a novel SXT/R391-like integrative and conjugative element (ICEPflCDM8). Summing up, our results provided a better understanding of the bactericidal mechanism of P. flavipulchra and highlighted the role of SXT/R391-like ICEs in conferring multidrug resistance phenotype of probiotic P. flavipulchra candidates.
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6
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Moon HJ, Lee JY, Lim JY, Kim SJ, Song KY, Yoon KS. The fate of cold‐stressed or
tetracycline‐resistant
Vibrio
spp. in precooked shrimp during frozen storage. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye J. Moon
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Y. Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Y. Lim
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Su J. Kim
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Y. Song
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki S. Yoon
- Department of Food and NutritionCollege of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
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7
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Klongklaew N, Praiboon J, Tamtin M, Srisapoome P. Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of Local Thai Green Macroalgae Crude Extracts in Pacific white Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E140. [PMID: 32120969 PMCID: PMC7142668 DOI: 10.3390/md18030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are potentially excellent sources of bioactive secondary metabolites useful for the development of new functional ingredients. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of the hot water crude extracts (HWCEs) of three species of local Thai green macroalgae Ulva intestinalis (Ui), U. rigida (Ur), and Caulopa lentillifera (Cl) and a commercial ulvan from U. armoricana (Ua). Chemical analysis indicated that the HWCE of Ur showed the highest sulfate content (13.9% ± 0.4%), while that of Ua contained the highest uronic acid and carbohydrate contents (41.47% ± 4.98% and 64.03% ± 2.75%, respectively), which were higher than those of Ur (32.75% ± 1.53% and 51.02% ± 3.72%). Structural analysis of these extracts by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that these HWCEs are complex with a signal at 1250 cm-1 corresponding to S=O stretching vibrations, while the signals at 850 cm-1 were attributed to the C-O-S bending vibration of the sulfate ester in the axial position. These HWCEs showed the growth suppression against some pathogenic Vibrio spp. Interestingly, the HWCEs from Ui at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL completely inhibited white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp injected with HWCE-WSSV preincubated solutions. This inhibitory effect was further confirmed by the reduction in viral loads and histopathology of surviving and moribund shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawanith Klongklaew
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Jantana Praiboon
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Montakarn Tamtin
- Phetchaburi Coastal Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Phetchaburi 76100, Thailand;
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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8
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Silvester R, Pires J, Van Boeckel TP, Madhavan A, Balakrishnan Meenakshikutti A, Hatha M. Occurrence of β-Lactam Resistance Genes and Plasmid-Mediated Resistance Among Vibrios Isolated from Southwest Coast of India. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1306-1315. [PMID: 31219408 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global threat driven by the overuse of drugs in humans, animals, as well as the contamination of natural environments with antimicrobial residues. In recent years, the rise of community-acquired infections resistant to antibiotics has drawn renewed attention to the environmental compartment, in particular for pathogens found in aquaculture systems. We quantified the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Vibrios isolated from the Cochin Estuary as well as the adjoining shrimp farms, and seafood from markets. A total of 280 Vibrio strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screened for the presence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaNDM-1 genes. All strains identified were resistant to at least three antimicrobials, and the percentage of drugs resistant per strain ranged from 16% up to 60%. All the strains from the estuary were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and colistin. Similarly, strains isolated from seafood were resistant to enrofloxacin, furazolidone, and trimethoprim, and all strains from shrimp farms were resistant to colistin. Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was observed in 21% of the strains. In addition, the presence of blaNDM-1 gene was confirmed in 22.85% of the strains. The presence of multiple resistant phenotypes in vibrios, including resistance to last-resort compounds in domestic food sources, raises serious concerns for public health in the Cochin Estuary. Although localized in nature, our findings also have vital implications for the spread of AMR internationally, given the prominence of South India for seafood exports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Silvester
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT, Kochi, India.,Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP), New Delhi, India
| | - Joao Pires
- Department of Earth Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Van Boeckel
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP), New Delhi, India.,Department of Earth Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ajin Madhavan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT, Kochi, India
| | | | - Mohamed Hatha
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT, Kochi, India
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9
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Kaleo IV, Gao Q, Liu B, Sun C, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Shan F, Xiong Z, Bo L, Song C. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, physiological and immune response, and related immune gene expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with Vibrio anguillarum and ammonia stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:603-613. [PMID: 30902724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high ammonia exposure, freshwater prawns were randomly divided into five groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, and four treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% M. oleifera leaf extract and 0.025% Enrofloxacin for 60 days, respectively. Then, freshwater prawns were exposed to high ammonia stress for 72 h and Vibro anguillarum infection. The growth, antioxidant capabilities, related immune genes as well as resistance to infection by V. anguillarum were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate, haemolymph catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased while feed conversion ratio, haemolymph aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, nitrogen oxide (NO), hepatopancreas heat shock proteins (HSP70), immune deficiency (IMD) expression levels decreased in the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract before the stress. After ammonia stress, the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract also could improve the haemolymph SOD, glutathione peroxidase, NO, iNOS, hepatopancreas HSP70 expression levels and reduce haemolymph CAT, hepatopancreas peroxiredoxin 5 and NF kappa B inhibitor alpha expression level compared with the control group. The rate of mortality of the prawns challenged with V. anguillarum was lower in the supplemented groups in comparison with the control group with the lowest being in the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract. Antioxidant activities as well as biochemical parameters in the enrofloxacin group (0.025%E) were not significantly enhanced both pre and post challenge in comparison with the M. oleifera leaf extract groups, showing the superiority of the natural herb over the synthetic antibiotic. In summary, this study suggested that at an inclusion rate of 0.5%, M. oleifera leaf extract could increase the growth performance, even has positive effects on physiological and immune function and prevents high ammonia stress in the Freshwater prawn, M.rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Venkonwine Kaleo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Fisheries Commission, Post Office Box 268, Tamale, Ghana.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fishies, Huzhou, 313001, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Fan Shan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liu Bo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Changyou Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
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10
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Efficacy assessment of commercially available natural products and antibiotics, commonly used for mitigation of pathogenic Vibrio outbreaks in Ecuadorian Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei hatcheries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210478. [PMID: 30699138 PMCID: PMC6353134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diseases cause high mortality in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei postlarvae. Therefore, appropriate application of efficient therapeutic products is of vital importance for disease control. This study evaluated through in vitro analyses the antimicrobial effectiveness of commercial therapeutic products used for P. vannamei bacterial diseases and antibiotics against pathogenic Vibrio strains circulating in Ecuadorian hatcheries. Twenty strains were isolated from 31 larvae samples with high bacterial counts from 10 hatcheries collected during mortality events. The strains virulence was verified through challenge tests with Artemia franciscana nauplii and P. vannamei postlarvae. Through 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strains showed a great similarity to the Vibrio sequences reported as pathogens, with 95% belonging to the Harveyi clade. Through antibiograms and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro tests we found that furazolidone, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, florfenicol, fosfomycin and enrofloxacin inhibited the growth of all or most of the strains. Less efficient antibiotics were penicillin, oxytetracycline and tetracycline. A multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.23 showed some level of resistance to antibiotics, with two MAR prevalent patterns (Penicillin-Oxytetracycline and Penicillin-Oxytetracycline-Tetracycline). From a total of 16 natural products (five probiotics, nine organic acids and two essential oils), only three (one probiotic, one organic acid and one essential oil) were effective to control most of the strains. Shrimp producers can apply relatively simple in vitro analyses, such as those employed in this study, to help take adequate management decisions to reduce the impact of bacterial diseases and increase profit.
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11
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Zhu ZM, Dong CF, Weng SP, He JG. The high prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio harveyi with multiple antibiotic resistance in scale drop and muscle necrosis disease of the hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀) × E. lanceolatus (♂), in China. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:589-601. [PMID: 29193152 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scale drop and muscle necrosis disease with high mortality widely occurred recently in the hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), a crucial cultured marine fish species in China. In this study, 30 Harveyi clade isolates of 27 Vibrio harveyi strains were isolated from diseased hybrid groupers in the south-east and north-east coastal areas of China. A total of 22 V. harveyi strains were determined to be pathogenic, and most challenged fish died within 2 days of infection; surviving individuals exhibited scale drop and deep dermal lesions as naturally diseased fish. Although five typical virulence genes, including luxR, toxRVh , chiA, serine protease and vhh widely existed in V. harveyi, no obvious correlation was established between virulent strains and virulence genes harboured in them. Furthermore, multiple antibiotic resistance was widely exhibited in Harveyi clade strains, particularly for penicillins, polypeptides, lincomycins, acetylspiramycin, streptomycin, metronidazole and bacitracin. And the multiple antibiotic resistance indices were gradually decreased from southern to northern areas of China. This study demonstrated that the pathogenic V. harveyi with multiple antibiotic resistance is highly prevalent in hybrid grouper in China, which requires particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C F Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S P Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J G He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Dong X, Bi D, Wang H, Zou P, Xie G, Wan X, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Chen M, Guo C, Liu Z, Wang W, Huang J. pirABvp -Bearing Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio campbellii Pathogens Isolated from the Same AHPND-Affected Pond Possess Highly Similar Pathogenic Plasmids. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1859. [PMID: 29051747 PMCID: PMC5633605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a severe shrimp disease originally shown to be caused by virulent strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND). Rare cases of AHPND caused by Vibrio species other than V. parahaemolyticus were reported. We compared an AHPND-causing V. campbellii (VCAHPND) and a VPAHPND isolate from the same AHPND-affected pond. Both strains are positive for the virulence genes pirABvp. Immersion challenge test with Litopenaeus vannamei indicated the two strains possessed similar pathogenicity. Complete genome comparison showed that the pirABvp-bearing plasmids in the two strains were highly homologous, and they both shared high homologies with plasmid pVA1, the reported pirABvp-bearing plasmid. Conjugation and DNA-uptake genes were found on the pVA1-type plasmids and the host chromosomes, respectively, which may facilitate the dissemination of pirABvp. Novel variations likely driven by ISVal1 in the genetic contexts of the pirABvp genes were found in the two strains. Moreover, the VCAHPND isolate additionally contains multiple antibiotic resistance genes, which may bring difficulties to control its future outbreak. The dissemination of the pirABvp in non-parahaemolyticus Vibrio also rises the concern of missing detection in industrial settings since the isolation method currently used mainly targeting V. parahaemolyticus. This study provides timely information for better understanding of the causes of AHPND and molecular epidemiology of pirABvp and also appeals for precautions to encounter the dissemination of the hazardous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dexi Bi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peizhuo Zou
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of fisheries and life science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guosi Xie
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wan
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of fisheries and life science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Guo
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shanghai Majorbio Bio-pharm Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Shan Q, Fan J, Wang J, Zhu X, Yin Y, Zheng G. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after oral, intramuscular and bath administration in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:159-162. [PMID: 28603916 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) was studied in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after single administration by intramuscular (IM) injection and oral gavage (PO) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and by 5 mg/L bath for 5 hr at 25°C. The plasma concentrations of ENR and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on mean ENR or CIP concentrations using WinNonlin 6.1 software. After IM, PO and bath administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 2.29, 3.24 and 0.36 μg/ml was obtained at 4.08, 0.68 and 0 hr, respectively; the elimination half-life (T1/2β ) was 80.95, 62.17 and 61.15 hr, respectively; the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values were 223.46, 162.72 and 14.91 μg hr/ml, respectively. CIP, an active metabolite of enrofloxacin, was detected and measured after all methods of drug administration except bath. It is possible and practical to obtain therapeutic blood concentrations of enrofloxacin in the crucian carp using IM, PO and bath immersion administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
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Fan J, Shan Q, Wang J, Liu S, Li L, Zheng G. Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in healthy and Aeromonas hydrophila-
infected crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio
). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:580-582. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fishery Science; Guangzhou China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai China
| | - Q. Shan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fishery Science; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals; Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute; Guangzhou China
| | - S. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fishery Science; Guangzhou China
| | - L. Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fishery Science; Guangzhou China
| | - G. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fishery Science; Guangzhou China
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15
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Lian Z, Pan R, Wang J. Microencapsulation of norfloxacin in chitosan/chitosan oligosaccharides and its application in shrimp culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:587-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stalin N, Srinivasan P. Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment in the south east coast of India. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Letchumanan V, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Saokaew S, Duangjai A, Goh BH, Ab Mutalib NS, Lee LH. Insights into Bacteriophage Application in Controlling Vibrio Species. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1114. [PMID: 27486446 PMCID: PMC4949243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections from various organisms including Vibrio sp. pose a serious hazard to humans in many forms from clinical infection to affecting the yield of agriculture and aquaculture via infection of livestock. Vibrio sp. is one of the main foodborne pathogens causing human infection and is also a common cause of losses in the aquaculture industry. Prophylactic and therapeutic usage of antibiotics has become the mainstay of managing this problem, however, this in turn led to the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of bacteria in the environment; which has raised awareness of the critical need for alternative non-antibiotic based methods of preventing and treating bacterial infections. Bacteriophages - viruses that infect and result in the death of bacteria - are currently of great interest as a highly viable alternative to antibiotics. This article provides an insight into bacteriophage application in controlling Vibrio species as well underlining the advantages and drawbacks of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala LumpurMalaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, PhayaoThailand
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, PhitsanulokThailand
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, PhayaoThailand
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, PhayaoThailand
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, PhayaoThailand
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, PhayaoThailand
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Letchumanan V, Chan KG, Lee LH. An insight of traditional plasmid curing in Vibrio species. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:735. [PMID: 26347714 PMCID: PMC4544227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the causative agent of foodborne related illness, Vibrio species causes a huge impact on the public health and management. Vibrio species is often associated with seafood as the latter plays a role as a vehicle to transmit bacterial infections. Hence, antibiotics are used not to promote growth but rather to prevent and treat bacterial infections. The extensive use of antibiotics in the aquaculture industry and environment has led to the emerging of antibiotic resistant strains. This phenomenon has triggered an alarming public health concern due to the increase number of pathogenic Vibrio strains that are resistant to clinically used antibiotics and is found in the environment. Antibiotic resistance and the genes location in the strains can be detected through plasmid curing assay. The results derived from plasmid curing assay is fast, cost effective, sufficient in providing insights, and influence the antibiotic management policies in the aquaculture industry. This presentation aims in discussing and providing insights on various curing agents in Vibrio species. To our best of knowledge, this is a first review written discussing on plasmid curing in Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway Malaysia ; Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway Malaysia
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Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Aguirre AA, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, León-Sicairos N, Ley-Quiñonez CP, Hernández-Díaz LDJ, Canizalez-Roman A. Isolation, characterization, and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. in sea turtles from Northwestern Mexico. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:635. [PMID: 26161078 PMCID: PMC4480150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerobic oral and cloacal bacterial microbiota and their antimicrobial resistance were characterized for 64 apparently healthy sea turtles captured at their foraging grounds in Ojo de Liebre Lagoon (OLL), Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico (Pacific Ocean) and the lagoon system of Navachiste (LSN) and Marine Area of Influence (MAI), Guasave, Sinaloa (Gulf of California). A total of 34 black turtles (Chelonia mydas agassizii) were sampled in OLL and eight black turtles and 22 olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were sampled in LSN and MAI, respectively from January to December 2012. We isolated 13 different species of Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Vibrio alginolyticus in 39/64 (60%), V. parahaemolyticus in 17/64 (26%), and V. cholerae in 6/64 (9%). However, V. cholerae was isolated only from turtles captured from the Gulf of California (MAI). Among V. parahaemolyticus strains, six O serogroups and eight serovars were identified from which 5/17 (29.4%) belonged to the pathogenic strains (tdh+ gene) and 2/17 (11.7%) had the pandemic clone (tdh+ and toxRS/new+). Among V. cholerae strains, all were identified as non-O1/non-O139, and in 4/6 (66%) the accessory cholera enterotoxin gene (ace) was identified but without virulence gene zot, ctxA, and ctxB. Of the isolated V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. alginolyticus strains, 94.1, 33.4, and 100% demonstrated resistance to at least one commonly prescribed antibiotic (primarily to ampicillin), respectively. In conclusion, the presence of several potential (toxigenic) human pathogens in sea turtles may represent transmission of environmental microbes and a high-risk of food-borne disease. Therefore, based on the fact that it is illegal and unhealthy, we discourage the consumption of sea turtle meat or eggs in northwestern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Zavala-Norzagaray
- Programa Regional Para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacán, México ; Departamento de medio ambiente y desarrollo comunitario, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Sinaloa Guasave, Mexico
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jorge Velazquez-Roman
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - C P Ley-Quiñonez
- Departamento de medio ambiente y desarrollo comunitario, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Sinaloa Guasave, Mexico
| | - Lucio De Jesús Hernández-Díaz
- Programa Regional Para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacán, México
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health Culiacán, Mexico
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20
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Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria related to human pathogenic Vibrio species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2813-9. [PMID: 25964331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503928112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species are both ubiquitous and abundant in marine coastal waters, estuaries, ocean sediment, and aquaculture settings worldwide. We report here the isolation, characterization, and genome sequence of a novel Vibrio species, Vibrio antiquarius, isolated from a mesophilic bacterial community associated with hydrothermal vents located along the East Pacific Rise, near the southwest coast of Mexico. Genomic and phenotypic analysis revealed V. antiquarius is closely related to pathogenic Vibrio species, namely Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio vulnificus, but sufficiently divergent to warrant a separate species status. The V. antiquarius genome encodes genes and operons with ecological functions relevant to the environment conditions of the deep sea and also harbors factors known to be involved in human disease caused by freshwater, coastal, and brackish water vibrios. The presence of virulence factors in this deep-sea Vibrio species suggests a far more fundamental role of these factors for their bacterial host. Comparative genomics revealed a variety of genomic events that may have provided an important driving force in V. antiquarius evolution, facilitating response to environmental conditions of the deep sea.
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21
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Albuquerque Costa R, Araújo RL, Souza OV, Vieira RHSDF. Antibiotic-resistant vibrios in farmed shrimp. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:505914. [PMID: 25918714 PMCID: PMC4396125 DOI: 10.1155/2015/505914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined in 100 strains of Vibrio isolated from the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp and identified phenotypically. A high antibiotic-resistance index (75%) was observed, with the following phenotypic profiles: monoresistance (n = 42), cross-resistance to β-lactams (n = 20) and multiple resistance (n = 13). Plasmid resistance was characterized for penicillin (n = 11), penicillin + ampicillin (n = 1), penicillin + aztreonam (n = 1), and ampicillin (n = 1). Resistance to antimicrobial drugs by the other strains (n = 86) was possibly mediated by chromosomal genes. The findings of this study support the conclusion that the cultured shrimps can be vehicles of vibrios resistant to β-lactam and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Albuquerque Costa
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rayza Lima Araújo
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina Viana Souza
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes Vieira
- Sea Science Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Avenida Abolição 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Fisheries Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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de Jesús Hernández-Díaz L, Leon-Sicairos N, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Guadron-Llanos AM, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Vidal JE, Canizalez-Roman A. A pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 clone causing most associated diarrhea cases in the Pacific Northwest coast of Mexico. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:221. [PMID: 25852677 PMCID: PMC4371747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Between September and October of 2004, more than 1230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) were reported in the relatively small geographical area of Southern Sinaloa, a state located in Northwest Mexico. Since then, V. parahaemolyticus-associated gastroenteritis cases have gradually increased in prevalence spreading from south to north. The present study conducted an epidemiological surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus strains in both environmental and clinical samples along the Pacific coast of Sinaloa from 2011 to 2013. The genetic relatedness, serotype dominance and antibiotic resistance of isolates were investigated. A total of 46 strains were isolated from environmental samples (e.g., sediment, seawater and shrimp), whereas 249 strains were obtained from stools of patients with gastroenteritis. Nine different O serogroups and 16 serovars were identified. Serovars O3:K6 and O6:K46 were identified in both environmental and clinical strains. Whereas most environmental isolates carried the tdh gene (71.74%, 33/46), only three (6.52%) belonged to pandemic clones (O3:K6, O3:KUT and OUT:KUT). In contrast, 81.1% (202/249) of clinical isolates belonged to pandemic serotypes, with O3:K6 (tdh, toxRS/new, and/or orf8) representing the predominant serovar (97%, 196/202). This prevalence of pathogenic (tdh and/or trh positive) and O3:K6 pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates in this study were similar to those found from 2004 to 2010. As investigated by REP-PCR, genetic lineages of selected O3:K6 strains isolated in this study and some isolated earlier were nearly identical. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most strains (93.8%) were resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to chloramphenicol (98.8%). Multidrug resistance significantly increased from 8.6% (2004-2010) to 22.93% (2011-2013; p < 0.05). Our data indicate that pandemic O3:K6 clone has endemically established in the Pacific Coast of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio de Jesús Hernández-Díaz
- Regional Doctorate Program in Biotechnology, School of Biological Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - J Javier Martinez-Garcia
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrián Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health Culiacán, Mexico
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Prado S, Dubert J, da Costa F, Martínez-Patiño D, Barja JL. Vibrios in hatchery cultures of the razor clam, Solen marginatus (Pulteney). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:209-217. [PMID: 23496328 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hatchery culture of the razor clam, Solen marginatus (Pulteney), has recently been developed in Galicia (NW Spain). However, recurrent episodes of mortalities of larval and post-larval cultures have been recorded during the course of various studies. The disease signs were similar to those described for other bivalve species in outbreaks caused by bacteria of the genus Vibrio. In this article, we present the results of microbiological monitoring of two batches of razor clams with different survival rates. All fermentative isolates were identified as members of the Splendidus clade within the genus Vibrio. Some of these isolates, identified as Vibrio splendidus-like, were clearly associated with the batch suffering mortalities, indicating their possible role as pathogens. Similar strains were found in the broodstock, suggesting vertical transmission of these bacteria. This is the first study of the microbiota associated with hatchery culture of S. marginatus, and the results will provide useful information for the optimization of a protocol for hatchery culture of this bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología - CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Vibrio ordalii antimicrobial susceptibility testing—Modified culture conditions required and laboratory-specific epidemiological cut-off values. Vet Microbiol 2013; 165:434-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ersoy Omeroglu E, Karaboz I, Sudagidan M. Characteristics and genetic diversity of bioluminescent Shewanella woodyi strains isolated from the Gulf of Izmir, Turkey. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 59:79-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fang W, Li G, Zhou S, Li X, Hu L, Zhou J. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of thiamphenicol and florfenicol in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in freshwater following oral administration. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2013; 25:83-89. [PMID: 23480025 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.754799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic disposition of thiamphenicol (THA) and florfenicol (FLR) after oral administration of each at a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei held in freshwater at 25.0 ± 1.0°C. The THA and FLR concentrations in the hemolymph, muscle, and hepatopancreas were determined by HPLC. The profiles of hemolymph THA and FLR concentrations versus time were best described by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model with first-order absorption. The peak concentration (C max), peak time (T max), absorption half-life (t 1/2ka) and elimination half-life (t 1/2β) of THA in hemolymph were 7.96 μg/mL, 2 h, 0.666 h, and 10.659 h, respectively. The corresponding values for FLR were 5.53 μg/mL, 2 h, 1.069 h, and 17.360 h, respectively. After oral administration, THA and FLR were rapidly absorbed in white shrimp and THA in hemolymph was absorbed and eliminated more quickly than FLR. The parameters in muscle and hepatopancreas were calculated by a noncompartment model based on statistical moment theory. The C max, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t ), mean residue time (MRT0-t ), and half-life (t 1/2z) in muscle were 2.98 μg/g, 29.10 mg/kg·h, 9.77 h, and 6.84 h, respectively. The corresponding values for FLR were 1.91 μg/g, 15.97 mg/kg·h, 19.40 h, and 18.32 h, respectively. In muscle THA was eliminated more quickly than FLR. The peak concentrations of THA and FLR in the hepatopancreas were 204.25 and 164.22 μg/g, respectively, and the values for AUC0-t were 1,337.74 and 871.73 mg/kg·h, respectively, which were much higher than those in hemolymph and muscle. The in vitro protein-binding value of THA (28.38%) was lower than that of FLR (37.91%), which might be related to the finding that THA in Pacific white shrimp was absorbed and eliminated more quickly than FLR. Received July 21, 2012; accepted November 23, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Hua LM, Apun K. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Tiger Shrimps (Penaeus monodon) Aquaculture in Kuching, Sarawak. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2013.55.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Lajnef R, Snoussi M, Romalde JL, Nozha C, Hassen A. Comparative study on the antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from four Tunisian marine biotopes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:3345-63. [PMID: 22918722 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance patterns and the plasmids profiles of the predominant etiological agent responsible for vibriosis in Tunisia, V. alginolyticus were studied to contribute to control their spread in some Mediterranean aquaculture farms and seawater. The sixty-nine V. alginolyticus strains isolated from different marine Tunisian biotopes (bathing waters, aquaculture and conchylicole farms and a river connected to the seawater during the cold seasons) were multi-drug resistant with high resistance rate to ampicillin, kanamycin, doxycyclin, erythromycin, imipinem, and nalidixic acid. The multiple resistance index ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 for the isolates of Khenis, from 0.5 to 0.8 for those of Menzel Jmil, from 0.5 to 0.75 (Hergla) and from 0.3 to 0.7 for the isolates of Oued Soltane. The high value of antibiotic resistance index was recorded for the V. alginolyticus population isolated from the fish farm in Hergla (ARI = 0.672) followed by the population isolated from the conchylicole station of Menzel Jmil (ARI = 0.645). The results obtained by the MIC tests confirmed the resistance of the V. alginolyticus to ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, cefotaxime, streptomycin and trimethoprim. Plasmids were found in 79.48 % of the strains analyzed and 30 different plasmid profiles were observed. The strains had a high difference in the size of plasmids varying between 0.5 and 45 kb. Our study reveals that the antibiotic-resistant bacteria are widespread in the aquaculture and conchylicole farm relatively to others strains isolated from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Lajnef
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Technopôle de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
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Flores-Miranda BM, Espinosa-Plascencia A, Gómez-Jiménez S, López-Zavala AA, González-Carrillo HH, Bermúdez-Almada MDC. Accumulation and Elimination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Tissues of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under Laboratory and Farm Conditions. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:374212. [PMID: 22779008 PMCID: PMC3384884 DOI: 10.5402/2012/374212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the accumulation and elimination of Enrofloxacin (ENRO) and Ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) in cultivated Litopenaeus vannamei under controlled laboratory and farm conditions. Laboratory- and farm-raised shrimp were given feed supplemented with 200 mg/kg ENRO for 14 days, followed by a 16-day diet without antibiotics. The levels of ENRO and CIPRO were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In the laboratory, ENRO concentrations in the muscle and hepatopancreas reached a maximum (Cmax) of 0.54 ± 0.26 μg/g and 3.52 ± 1.9 μg/g, respectively; Cmax values for CIPRO in the laboratory were 0.18 ± 0.13 μg/g (muscle) and 1.05 ± 0.20 μg/g (hepatopancreas). In farmed shrimp, Cmax values for ENRO were 0.36 ± 0.17 μg/g muscle and 1.60 ± 0.82 μg/g in the hepatopancreas; CIPRO Cmax values were 0.03 ± 0.02 μg/g (muscle) and 0.36 ± 0.08 μg/g (hepatopancreas). Two to fourteen days were necessary to eliminate both antibiotics from muscular tissue and four to more fourteen days for complete elimination of the antibiotics from the hepatopancreas. These results should be considered in terms of minimum concentrations necessary to inhibit Vibrio bacteria to determine whether the current use of this antibiotic is effective in controlling disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Marisol Flores-Miranda
- Research Center for Food and Development AC, Coordination of Food Science, Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, 83000 Hermosillo, SON, Mexico
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31
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Turnipseed SB, Clark SB, Storey JM, Carr JR. Analysis of veterinary drug residues in frog legs and other aquacultured species using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4430-4439. [PMID: 22390215 DOI: 10.1021/jf2049905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry method was developed to analyze veterinary drug residues in frog legs and other aquacultured species. Samples were extracted using a procedure based on a method developed for the analysis of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in fish. Briefly, the tissue was extracted with dilute acetic acid and acetonitrile with added sodium chloride. After centrifugation, the extracts were evaporated and reconstituted in mobile phase. A molecular weight cutoff filter was used to clean up the final extract. A set of target compounds, including trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, quinolones, and FQs, was used to validate the method. Screening of residues was accomplished by collecting TOF (MS¹) data and comparing the accurate mass and retention times of compounds to a database containing information for veterinary drugs. An evaluation of the MS data in fortified frog legs indicated that the target compounds could be consistently detected at the level of concern. The linearity and recoveries from matrix were evaluated for these analytes to estimate the amount of residue present. MS/MS data were also generated from precursor ions, and the mass accuracy of the product ions for each compound was compared to theoretical values. When the method was used to analyze imported frog legs, many of these residues were found in the samples, often in combination and at relatively high concentrations (>10 ng/g). The data from these samples were also evaluated for nontarget analytes such as residue metabolites and other chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri B Turnipseed
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States.
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RAISSY MEHDI, MOUMENI MANOUCHEHR, ANSARI MAHSA, RAHIMI EBRAHIM. OCCURRENCE OF VIBRIO SPP. IN LOBSTER AND CRAB FROM THE PERSIAN GULF. J Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2012.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Soto-Rodriguez SA, Gomez-Gil B, Lozano R, del Rio-Rodríguez R, Diéguez AL, Romalde JL. Virulence of Vibrio harveyi responsible for the "Bright-red" Syndrome in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 109:307-17. [PMID: 22306693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi (Vh) CAIM 1792 strain was isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei affected with "Bright-red" Syndrome (BRS). The strain grew in 1-10% NaCl, at 15-35°C and was resistant to ampicillin (10 μg), carbenicillin (100 μg) and oxytetracycline (30 μg). The lowest MIC was for enrofloxacine (0.5 μgml(-1)). The in vivo and in vitro toxicity of bacterial cells and the extracellular products (ECPs) of Vh CAIM 1792 grown at 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% NaCl were evaluated. Adherence ability, enzymatic activities and siderophore production of bacterial cell was tested. The ECPs exhibited several enzymatic activities, such as gelatinase, amylase, lipase, phospholipase and caseinase. These ECPs displayed a strong cytotoxic effect on HELA cell line at 6 and 24 h. Challenges using 10(3) CFU g(-1) caused opacity at the site of injection and over 80% shrimp mortality before 24 h p.i. (post-injection). Mortality caused by the ECPs was higher than mortalities with bacteria, especially in the first hours p.i. Bacteria were re-isolated from hemolymph samples of moribund shrimp and identified as Vh CAIM 1792 by rep-PCR. Histological analysis of shrimp L. vannamei injected with Vh CAIM 1792 revealed generalized necrosis involving skeletal muscle (MU) at the injection site, the lymphoid organ (LO), heart and connective tissues. Melanization within the MU at the site of injection was also observed as well as hemocytic nodules within the hearth and MU at 168 h p.i. LO was the target organ of BRS. Necrosis of the MU at the injection site was the main difference in comparison to other shrimp vibriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Soto-Rodriguez
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlan Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management, A.P. 711 Mazatlan, Sinaloa 82010, Mexico.
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34
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Gomez-Gil B, Roque A, Chimetto L, Moreira APB, Lang E, Thompson FL. Vibrio alfacsensis sp. nov., isolated from marine organisms. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:2955-2961. [PMID: 22286904 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.033191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five strains (CAIM 1831(T), CAIM 1832, CAIM 1833, CAIM 1834 and CAIM 1836) were isolated from cultured sole (Solea senegalensis) in two regions of Spain, two strains (CAIM 404 and CAIM 1294) from wild-caught spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) in Mexico, and one strain (CAIM 1835) from corals in Brazil. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the novel isolates showed similarity to Vibrio ponticus (98.2-98.3%, GenBank accession no. AJ630103) and to a lesser degree to Vibrio furnissii (97.2-97.3%, X76336) and to Vibrio fluvialis (96.9-97.1%, X74703). Multilocus sequence analysis clustered these strains closely together and clearly separated them from phylogenetically related species of the genus Vibrio. Genomic fingerprinting by rep-PCR clustered the novel strains according to their geographical origin. Phenotypic analyses showed a large variation among the new strains, but many tests enabled them to be differentiated from other species of the genus Vibrio. The mean ΔT(m) values between the strains analysed here and closely related type strains were above 6.79 °C. The values between the novel isolates were below 2.35 °C, well outside the limit suggested for the delineation of a bacterial species. The phenotypic and genotypic data presented here clearly place these new strains as a coherent group within the genus Vibrio, for which we propose the name Vibrio alfacsensis sp. nov. with CAIM 1831(T) ( = DSM 24595(T) = S277(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gomez-Gil
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlán Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management, AP. 711 Mazatlán, CP 82000 Sinaloa, México
| | - Ana Roque
- Institut de Reçerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Centre d'Aquicultura, Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain
| | - Luciane Chimetto
- Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Ilh Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula B Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Ilh Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-970, Brazil
| | - Elke Lang
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Ilh Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-970, Brazil
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Asok A, Arshad E, Jasmin C, Pai SS, Singh ISB, Mohandas A, Anas A. Reducing Vibrio load in Artemia nauplii using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic application in shrimp larviculture. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 5:59-68. [PMID: 21951316 PMCID: PMC3815272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an alternative strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics in shrimp larviculture systems. The growth of a multiple antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi strain was effectively controlled by treating the cells with Rose Bengal and photosensitizing for 30 min using a halogen lamp. This resulted in the death of > 50% of the cells within the first 10 min of exposure and the 50% reduction in the cell wall integrity after 30 min could be attributed to the destruction of outer membrane protein of V. harveyi by reactive oxygen intermediates produced during the photosensitization. Further, mesocosm experiments with V. harveyi and Artemia nauplii demonstrated that in 30 min, the aPDT could kill 78.9% and 91.2% of heterotrophic bacterial and Vibrio population respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that aPDT with its rapid action and as yet unreported resistance development possibilities could be a propitious strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics in shrimp larviculture systems and thereby, avoid their hazardous effects on human health and the ecosystem at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Asok
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682016, India
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36
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Natrah FMI, Defoirdt T, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Disruption of bacterial cell-to-cell communication by marine organisms and its relevance to aquaculture. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:109-126. [PMID: 21246235 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial disease is one of the most critical problems in commercial aquaculture. Although various methods and treatments have been developed to curb the problem, yet they still have significant drawbacks. A novel and environmental-friendly approach in solving this problem is through the disruption of bacterial communication or quorum sensing (QS). In this communication scheme, bacteria regulate their own gene expression by producing, releasing, and sensing chemical signals from the environment. There seems to be a link between QS and diseases through the regulation of certain phenotypes and the induction of virulence factors responsible for pathogen-host association. Several findings have reported that numerous aquatic organisms such as micro-algae, macro-algae, invertebrates, or even other bacteria have the potential to disrupt QS. The mechanism of action varies from degradation of signals through enzymatic or chemical inactivation to antagonistic as well as agonistic activities. This review focuses on the existing marine organisms that are able to interfere with QS with potential application for aquaculture as bacterial control.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M I Natrah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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37
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Yano Y, Hamano K, Satomi M, Tsutsui I, Aue-umneoy D. Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with non-native species, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:713-22. [PMID: 21219554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed at surveying prevalence of oxytetracycline (OTC)-resistant bacteria in the white-leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, intensively cultured in Thailand. We investigated the phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial isolates, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of OTC, the occurrence of major OTC-resistant genes and multiple-antibiotic resistance in the isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Shrimps were collected from culture ponds, and the homogenates of whole bodies were plated on tryptic soy agar supplemented with or without OTC. Percentages of OTC-resistant bacteria were 0·3-52·1% in white-leg samples and 0·008-22·3% in black tiger samples. Analyses of 16S rDNA sequences indicated that most OTC-resistant isolates were closely related to Aeromonas spp. and Lactococcus garvieae. MICs of OTC were 4-128 μg ml(-1) in the OTC-resistant aeromonads and 128-256 μg ml(-1) in OTC-resistant L. garvieae. OTC resistance was found to be conferred by the genes tet(A), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(M) and tet(S), detected either singly or in pairs. No resistance to ceftazidime, imipenem or chloramphenicol was observed in any isolate. CONCLUSIONS Both species of shrimp are associated with OTC-resistant bacteria, occasionally at high densities exceeding 10(6) cfu g(-1). The associated bacteria, predominantly Lactococcus and Aeromonas genera, are potential pathogens and are reservoirs of a variety of OTC-resistant genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Cultured shrimps can be vehicle to carry OTC-resistant bacteria to domestic and foreign consumers via the food chain. Very low populations of OTC-resistant bacteria observed in the several ponds suggest that levels of the resistant bacteria are artificially high and should be reduced in farmed shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yano
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan.
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38
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Rebouças RH, de Sousa OV, Lima AS, Vasconcelos FR, de Carvalho PB, Vieira RHSDF. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Vibrio species isolated from marine shrimp farming environments (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Ceará, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:21-24. [PMID: 20970784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian shrimp culture industry has a great economic importance mainly to the northeast region. However, the accelerated development of this activity has resulted in the emergency of outbreaks of diseases from farming shrimp, and as a consequence the use of antimicrobial drugs to minimize the potential adverse effect under the shrimp production. The inappropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture is one of the causes for the high incidence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic environments that represent a danger for aquatic organisms and human health. There is little information available on the level of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria from shrimp farming environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic resistance profile among Vibrio isolates from hatcheries water samples and from cultivated marine shrimp hepatopancreas (L. vannamei). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by a standard disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxytetracycline (OTC) for resistant Vibrio isolates was determinate by broth dilution method. The results showed a high incidence of resistance to ampicillin (45.2%) and to the tetracycline class (38.7%). Florfenicol and nitrofurantoin were 100% effective against Vibrio isolates. In this study, the OTC-resistant Vibrio spp. showed MIC values of more than 400mg/L and the presence of seawater did not influence the oxytetracycline bioactivity. The occurrence of antimicrobial multiresistance patterns was observed in 29% of Vibrio isolates. Fifty-five percent of multiresistant isolates of Vibrio lost one or more antibiotic resistance phenotype after procedure to curing of resistance plasmids. The oxytetracycline resistance was the phenotype most often lost among plasmid-cured isolates.
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Kitiyodom S, Khemtong S, Wongtavatchai J, Chuanchuen R. Characterization of antibiotic resistance inVibriospp. isolated from farmed marine shrimps (Penaeus monodon). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 72:219-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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Poapolathep A, Jermnak U, Chareonsan A, Sakulthaew C, Klangkaew N, Sukasem T, Kumagai S. Dispositions and residue depletion of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in muscle tissue of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:229-34. [PMID: 19646086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fates and residue depletion of enrofloxacin (ER) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CP) were examined in giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, following either single oral (p.o.) administration of ER at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) or medicated-feed treatment at the feeding concentration of 5 g/kg of feed for five consecutive days. The concentrations of ER and CP in prawn muscle tissues were measured simultaneously using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector. Muscle tissue concentrations of ER and CP were below the detection limit (LOD, 0.015 microg/g for ER; 0.025 microg/g for CP) after 360 and 42 h, following single p.o. administration respectively. Peak muscle concentration (C(max)) of ER was 1.98 +/- 0.22 microg/g whereas CP was measurable at concentrations close to the detection limit of the analytical method after p.o. administration at a single dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w. The concentration of ER in prawn muscle tissue with respect to time was analyzed with a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model. The elimination half-life and area under the curve of ER were 39.33 +/- 7.27 h and 168.7 +/- 28.7 microg x h/g after p.o. administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg x b.w. respectively. In medicated-feed treated group, ER was detectable in prawn muscle tissue 11 days postdosing at the dose of 5 g/kg of feed for five consecutive days, which is the value corresponding to the maximum residue limit (MRL) of ER in animal products. The maximum concentrations of ER and CP were 2.77 +/- 0.91 and 0.06 +/- 0.006 microg/g during medicated-feed treatment and postdosing respectively. The values of elimination half-life and absorption half-life of ER after single p.o. administration at a dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w. corresponded well with the values determined from medicated-feed treated group, showing 41.01 +/- 6.62 and 11.36 +/- 3.15 h respectively in M. rosenbergii. Based on data derived from this study, to avoid the ER residue in prawn muscle, it should take at least 11 days postcessation of medicated feed containing ER at the dose concentration of 5 g/kg of feed twice a day at a rate of 1% of total body weight for five consecutive days to wash out the drug from the muscle of M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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41
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Detection and identification of tdh- and trh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from four species of cultured bivalve molluscs on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7574-7. [PMID: 19801467 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00772-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented here is the first report describing the detection of potentially diarrheal Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from cultured bivalves on the Mediterranean coast, providing data on the presence of both tdh- and trh-positive isolates. Potentially diarrheal V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from four species of bivalves collected from both bays of the Ebro delta, Spain.
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42
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May AK, Stafford RE, Bulger EM, Heffernan D, Guillamondegui O, Bochicchio G, Eachempati SR. Treatment of Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2009; 10:467-99. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2009.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Addison K. May
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Renae E. Stafford
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma/Critical Care, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eileen M. Bulger
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daithi Heffernan
- Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Oscar Guillamondegui
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Grant Bochicchio
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Soumitra R. Eachempati
- Department of Surgery, New York Weill Cornell Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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43
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Ransangan J, Mustafa S. Identification of Vibrio harveyi isolated from diseased Asian seabass Lates calcarifer by use of 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2009; 21:150-155. [PMID: 20043399 DOI: 10.1577/h09-002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The grow out of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer in marine net-cages is a popular aquaculture activity in Malaysia. Production of this species is greatly affected by the occurrence of vibriosis, which causes heavy mortality. Generally, young fish are more susceptible; they exhibit anorexia and skin darkening, followed by heavy mortality. The acutely affected older fish may also exhibit bloody lesions around the anus and the base of the fins. Twenty-one bacterial isolates obtained from internal organs (kidney, heart, spleen and liver) of the affected specimens were subjected to phenotypic characterization, testing for antibiotic susceptibility, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. The sequencing result showed that all of the bacterial isolates belonged to Vibrio harveyi. The phenotypic characterization, however, identified 4 of the bacterial isolates as V. harveyi, 16 as V. parahaemolyticus, and 1 as V. alginolyticus. These findings suggest that biochemical features alone cannot be reliably used to identify bacterial pathogens, including V. harveyi, in aquaculture. Antibiotic susceptibility assays showed that some antibiotics, including oxytetracycline, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and oxolinic acid were effective against V. harveyi. Considering the side effects of these antibiotics, however, their use is not recommended in the aquaculture of Asian seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ransangan
- Microbiology and Fish Disease Laboratory, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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44
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Almeida A, Cunha Â, Gomes NC, Alves E, Costa L, Faustino MA. Phage therapy and photodynamic therapy: low environmental impact approaches to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:268-313. [PMID: 19841715 PMCID: PMC2763101 DOI: 10.3390/md7030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. The aim of this review is to briefly present the typical fish farming diseases and their threats and discuss the present state of chemotherapy to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants as well as to examine the new environmentally friendly approaches to control fish infection namely phage therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro – Portugal; E-Mails: (A.C.); (N.C.M.G.); (E.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Ângela Cunha
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro – Portugal; E-Mails: (A.C.); (N.C.M.G.); (E.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Newton C.M. Gomes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro – Portugal; E-Mails: (A.C.); (N.C.M.G.); (E.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Eliana Alves
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro – Portugal; E-Mails: (A.C.); (N.C.M.G.); (E.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Liliana Costa
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro – Portugal; E-Mails: (A.C.); (N.C.M.G.); (E.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Maria A.F. Faustino
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro – Portugal; E-Mail:
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Blanch AR, Hispano C, Bultó P, Ballesté E, González-López JJ, Vilanova X. Comparison of Vibrio spp. populations found in seawater, in exhibition aquaria, in fish intestine and in fish feed. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 106:57-65. [PMID: 19040706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vibrio populations in the seawater supply and the water of seven exhibition aquaria that simulate various Mediterranean and tropical ecosystems were compared. The similarity of Vibrio populations in the intestine of various fish species, feed and water was examined. Resistance to the antibiotics used in fish health management was analysed for the dominant Vibrio isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples were collected for 1 year from seven exhibition tanks reproducing different ecosystems. The diversity and population similarity among vibrios were determined using a miniaturized biochemical phenotyping method. Similar Vibrio populations were found in the water supply and in the water of the Mediterranean ecosystems. However, different Vibrio populations were found in the water of tanks with tropical ecosystems. Vibrio populations in the water seemed to have a greater effect on the composition of intestinal Vibrio populations than those in feed. No resistance to antibiotics was observed, indicating their appropriate use for health management. CONCLUSIONS Water characteristics have a greater impact on the composition of Vibrio populations in aquaria and fish intestinal microbiota than bacteria in feed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The microbiological monitoring water could provide valuable information for managing the health of exhibition aquaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Blanch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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46
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Sharshar KM, Azab EA. Studies on diseased freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:2092-2100. [PMID: 19266922 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2092.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at isolation and characterization of the pathogenic bacterium from diseased freshwater prawn. The effect of the bacterial pathogen on hepatopancreas, gills and exoskeleton was also investigated. Diseased freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were collected from commercial hatchery in Behera Governorate, Egypt. The diseased prawn showed dark brown focal lesions and necrosis of appendage tips. The causative bacterial pathogen was isolated from haemolymph and hepatopancreas of the diseased prawn. Based on the morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, in addition EPI 20E test, the isolated pathogen was characterized as Vibrio vulnificus. Histopathology, hepatopancreas showed haemocytic infiltration in the interstitial sinuses, thickening and ruptures of the basal lamina and necrosis of its tubules. Similarly, the accumulation of haemocytes in the haemocoelic space, swelling, fusion of lamellae and abnormal gill tips. Also, the cuticular layers of the exoskeleton of diseased prawn had a rough or wrinkled surface and were disrupted and separated from the epidermis. The pathogen, V. vulnificus showed different degrees of sensitivity to different antimicrobial agents. It was highly sensitive to each of the antibiotics rifadin, virbamycin, oflaxcin, garamycin, flummox and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxzole) and resistant to nalidixic acid, unasyn, velosef, claforan, negram and amoxicillin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of trimethoprin/sulfamethoxzole for the studied pathogen, V. vulnificus was 0.31/5.93 microg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh M Sharshar
- Department Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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47
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Defoirdt T, Boon N, Sorgeloos P, Verstraete W, Bossier P. Alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial infections: luminescent vibriosis in aquaculture as an example. Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:472-9. [PMID: 17719667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The massive (mis)use of antibiotics to control infections in aquaculture has resulted in the development of resistant strains, which have rendered antibiotic treatments ineffective. Moreover, the horizontal transfer of resistance determinants to human pathogens and the presence of antibiotic residues in aquaculture products for human consumption constitute important threats to public health. Therefore, to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable, new strategies to control infections are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Huys G, Bartie K, Cnockaert M, Hoang Oanh DT, Phuong NT, Somsiri T, Chinabut S, Yusoff FM, Shariff M, Giacomini M, Teale A, Swings J. Biodiversity of chloramphenicol-resistant mesophilic heterotrophs from Southeast Asian aquaculture environments. Res Microbiol 2007; 158:228-35. [PMID: 17350231 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, samples of pond water, sediment and farmed species were collected at 12 fish and shrimp farms in Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam to determine the biodiversity and environmental distribution of chloramphenicol-resistant (CmR) mesophilic heterotrophs in Southeast Asian aquaculture sites. Following isolation on Iso-Sensitest agar supplemented with 35mug ml(-1) Cm and dereplication using (GTG)(5)-PCR fingerprinting, 557 genotypically unique CmR strains were subjected to polyphasic identification. The 557 mesophilic heterotrophic CmR isolates represented 18 different genera largely dominated by the genera Escherichia (40.2%), Pseudomonas (11.7%), Acinetobacter (11.1%), Klebsiella (7.5%) and Bacillus (5.9%). A total of 439 CmR isolates were further assigned to 31 described species or species groups, mainly including organisms that have been associated with various human opportunistic infections such as Escherichia coli (n=219), Pseudomonas putida (n=47), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=38) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n=23). Strains of Escherichia, and most notably, of E. coli, were the only common group of CmR heterotrophs irrespective of country, sample type or farm type. Together with other predominant but less widespread groups such as acinetobacters and pseudomonads, the results of this biodiversity study suggest that E. coli can be regarded as a potential indicator of Cm resistance in Southeast Asian aquaculture environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Huys
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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49
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Vaseeharan B, Ramasamy P, Murugan T, Chen JC. In vitro susceptibility of antibiotics against Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. isolated from Penaeus monodon hatcheries and ponds. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 26:285-91. [PMID: 16139992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility patterns to 16 different antibiotics were investigated against pathogenic Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. isolated from shrimp culture hatcheries and ponds in India. Thirteen species of Vibrio (N = 90) and two species of Aeromonas (N = 7) isolates were tested by agar disk diffusion. The results show that 100% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and that 43.2% and 47.4% were sensitive to chlortetracycline and erythromycin, respectively. Susceptibility patterns of another 160 isolates belonging to the genera Vibrio and Aeromonas obtained from the water samples of shrimp hatcheries and ponds were tested against six commonly used antibiotics. Results indicate that isolates from the hatcheries were more resistant to antimicrobials than isolates from the ponds. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of five antibiotics against the different Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. were determined. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective in controlling the isolates from hatcheries and ponds compared with the other antibiotics used in the study. Our results reveal that antibiotic-resistant bacteria are widespread in the shrimp culture hatcheries and ponds in India. Potential risk to human health was not addressed in this study and remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vaseeharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Building, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India.
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50
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Gore SR, Harms CA, Kukanich B, Forsythe J, Lewbart GA, Papich MG. Enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics in the European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, after a single i.v. injection and bath administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005; 28:433-9. [PMID: 16207305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2005.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics were studied in European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, after a single 5 mg/kg i.v. injection or a 2.5 mg/L 5 h bath. A pilot study with two animals was also performed following a 10 mg/kg p.o. administration. The concentration of enrofloxacin in hemolymph was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from compartmental methods. In the i.v. study, the terminal half-life (t(1/2)), apparent volume of distribution, and systemic clearance were respectively 1.81 h, 385 mL/kg, and 4.71 mL/min/kg. Following bath administration the t(1/2), peak hemolymph concentration (C(max)), and area under the curve to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) were 1.01 h, 0.5 +/- 0.12 mug/mL, and 0.98 microg.h/mL, respectively. After oral administration, the t(1/2), C(max), and AUC(0-infinity) were 1.01 h, 10.95 microg/mL, 26.71 mug.h/mL, respectively. The active metabolite of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, was not detected in any samples tested. The hemolymph concentration was still above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for shrimp and fish bacterial isolates at 6 h after i.v. administration, therefore, a dose of 5 mg/kg i.v. every 8-12 h is suggested for additional studies of efficacy. The C(max) value for the water bath was lower than for the i.v. study, but a bath of 2.5 mg/L for 5 h once to twice daily is suggested for additional studies to test efficacy against highly susceptible organisms. Although only two animals were used for the oral study, a dose of 10 mg/kg produced hemolymph concentrations of enrofloxacin that were in a range consistent with therapeutic efficacy in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Gore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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