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Xu H, Liang X, Wang L, Wei J, Guo B, Zeng C, Feng S, Wang S, Yang X, Pan Y, Wang Z, Xie L, Reinhardt JD, Tang W, Zhao X. Role of metabolic risk factors in the relationship between ambient fine particulate matter and depressive symptoms: Evidence from a longitudinal population study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115839. [PMID: 38118332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence indicating a connection between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and depressive symptoms. Metabolic risk factors are critical determinants of depressive symptoms. However, the mediating role of these factors on the association between PM2.5 and depressive symptoms remains elusive. We aimed to investigate whether and to what extent metabolic risk factors mediated the link between long-term PM2.5 exposure and depressive symptoms. METHODS This study comprised 7794 individuals aged between 30 and 79 years who participated in two waves of the on-site surveys in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Ambient PM2.5 concentrations were assessed utilizing a random forest method based on satellite data. We employed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess depressive symptoms at wave 2, and the overall as well as three sub-domain symptom scores (emotional, neurovegetative, and neurocognitive symptoms) were calculated. Three metabolic risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, were considered. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess the indirect effects of PM2.5 on depressive symptoms through metabolic risk factors. RESULTS We found a positive association between chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 and overall depressive symptoms as well as the three sub-domains. In mediation analyses, metabolic risk factors partially mediated the associations of PM2.5 on depressive symptoms. The natural indirect effects (RR, 95% CI) of PM2.5 on overall, emotional, neurovegetative, and neurocognitive symptoms mediated through metabolic risk factors were 1.004(1.001, 1.007), 1.004 (1.001, 1.008), 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), and 1.003(0.999, 1.007), respectively. Larger indirect effects were found in elderly participants (mediated proportion, 29.3%), females (13.3%), and people who did not consume alcohol (19.6%). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic risk factors may act as mediators in the relationship between chronic PM2.5 exposure and depression. Treatment of metabolic risk factors may be an opportunity to reduce the burden of depression caused by long-term exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hongkong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Liang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Songmei Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianxian Yang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyue Pan
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hongkong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital/Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Faculty for Health and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Wenge Tang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wu G. Roles of Nutrients in the Brain Development, Cognitive Function, and Mood of Dogs and Cats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1446:177-202. [PMID: 38625529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54192-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the central commander of all physical activities and the expression of emotions in animals. Its development and cognitive health critically depend on the neural network that consists of neurons, glial cells (namely, non-neuronal cells), and neurotransmitters (communicators between neurons). The latter include proteinogenic amino acids (e.g., L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and glycine) and their metabolites [e.g., γ-aminobutyrate, D-aspartate, D-serine, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and monoamines (e.g., dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin)]. In addition, some non-neurotransmitter metabolites of amino acids, such as taurine, creatine, and carnosine, also play important roles in brain development, cognitive health, behavior, and mood of dogs and cats. Much evidence shows that cats require dietary ω3 (α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) and ω6 (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) polyunsaturated fatty acids for the development of the central nervous system. As an essential component of membranes of neurons and glial cells, cholesterol is also crucial for cognitive development and function. In addition, vitamins and minerals are required for the metabolism of AAs, lipids, and glucose in the nervous system, and also act as antioxidants. Thus, inadequate nutrition will lead to mood disorders. Some amino acids (e.g., arginine, glycine, methionine, serine, taurine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) can help to alleviate behavioral and mood disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety and aggression). As abundant providers of all these functional amino acids and lipids, animal-sourced foods (e.g., liver, intestinal mucosa, and meat) play important roles in brain development, cognitive function, and mood of dogs and cats. This may explain, in part, why dogs and cats prefer to eat visceral organs of their prey. Adequate provision of nutrients in all phases of the life cycle (pregnancy, lactation, postnatal growth, and adulthood) is essential for optimizing neurological health, while preventing cognitive dysfunction and abnormal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Interplay of Cholesterol and Actin in Neurotransmitter GPCR Signaling: Insights from Chronic Cholesterol Depletion Using Statin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3855-3868. [PMID: 37804226 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin1A receptors are important neurotransmitter receptors in the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and modulate a variety of neurological, behavioral, and cognitive functions. We recently showed that chronic cholesterol depletion by statins, potent inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis), leads to polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton that alters lateral diffusion of serotonin1A receptors. However, cellular signaling by the serotonin1A receptor under chronic cholesterol depletion remains unexplored. In this work, we explored signaling by the serotonin1A receptor under statin-treated condition. We show that cAMP signaling by the receptor is reduced upon lovastatin treatment due to reduction in cholesterol as well as polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. To the best of our knowledge, these results constitute the first report describing the effect of chronic cholesterol depletion on the signaling of a G protein-coupled neuronal receptor. An important message arising from these results is that it is prudent to include the contribution of actin polymerization while analyzing changes in membrane protein function due to chronic cholesterol depletion by statins. Notably, our results show that whereas actin polymerization acts as a negative regulator of cAMP signaling, cholesterol could act as a positive modulator. These results assume significance in view of reports highlighting symptoms of anxiety and depression in humans upon statin administration and the role of serotonin1A receptors in anxiety and depression. Overall, these results reveal a novel role of actin polymerization induced by chronic cholesterol depletion in modulating GPCR signaling, which could act as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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Gigliotta A, Trontti K, Väänänen J, Hovatta I. Gene expression profiling reveals a role of immune system and inflammation in innate and stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Front Genet 2023; 14:1173376. [PMID: 37260777 PMCID: PMC10229056 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is an evolutionarily conserved response that is essential for survival. Pathological anxiety, however, is a maladaptive response to nonthreatening situations and greatly affects quality of life. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and highlighted the urge to identify the molecular events that initiate pathological anxiety. To this aim, we investigated the extent of similarity of brain region-specific gene expression patterns associated with innate and stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. We compared the cortico-frontal (FCx) and hippocampal (Hpc) gene expression patterns of five inbred mouse strains with high or low levels of innate anxiety-like behavior with gene expression patterns of mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We found significantly large overlap of the Hpc but small overlap of the FCx gene expression patterns in innate and stress-induced anxiety, that however, converged onto common inflammation and immune system canonical pathways. Comparing the gene expression data with drug-gene interaction datasets revealed drug candidates, including medrysone, simvastatin, captopril, and sulpiride, that produced gene expression changes opposite to those observed in innate or stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Together, our data provide a comprehensive overview of FCx and Hpc gene expression differences between innate and stress-induced anxiety and support the role of inflammation and immune system in anxiety-like behavior.
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Shan D, You L, Wan X, Yang H, Zhao M, Chen S, Jiang W, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Serum metabolomic profiling revealed potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with panic disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:461-471. [PMID: 36493940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, specific metabolites and diagnostic biomarkers of panic disorder (PD) patients have not been identified in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore metabolites and metabolic pathways in serum through a metabolomics method. METHODS Fifty-five PD patients who completed 2 weeks of inpatient treatment and 55 healthy control subjects (HCs) matched for age, sex and BMI were recruited. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect metabolites in serum. Multivariate Statistical Analysis was used to identify differential metabolites. The relevant biometabolic pathways were further identified by the online tool MetaboAnalyst 5.0. RESULTS 43 different metabolites in PD patients compared to HCs (P < 0.05) were screened. Pathway analysis showed that these small molecules were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism. 14 metabolites were significantly changed after 2 weeks of drug treatment (P < 0.05), which were mainly associated with tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our analysis of metabolomics of PD patients at baseline and two weeks after treatment screened for differential metabolites that could be potential diagnostic biomarkers involved in PD pathogenesis and influence some biometabolic pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. In the future, we can summarize and observe the dynamic changes of differential metabolites that appear more frequently in similar studies to further explore the underlying mechanisms of PD evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin You
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuerui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Cubillos S, Engmann O, Brancato A. BDNF as a Mediator of Antidepressant Response: Recent Advances and Lifestyle Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214445. [PMID: 36430921 PMCID: PMC9698349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional antidepressants are widely employed in several psychiatric and neurologic disorders, yet the mechanisms underlying their delayed and partial therapeutic effects are only gradually being understood. This narrative review provides an up-to-date overview of the interplay between antidepressant treatment and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling. In addition, the impact of nutritional, environmental and physiological factors on BDNF and the antidepressant response is outlined. This review underlines the necessity to include information on lifestyle choices in testing and developing antidepressant treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cubillos
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Ye G, Li Z, Yue Y, Wu Y, Yang R, Wang H, Wu S, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Lv X, Yuan N, Li R, Zhang G, Ganapathi PB, Wu HE, Du X, Zhang XY. Suicide attempt rate and the risk factors in young, first-episode and drug-naïve Chinese Han patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:612. [PMID: 36114485 PMCID: PMC9479358 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the rates of suicide among young people have been increasing, and major depressive disorder (MDD) is regarded to be its main cause. Many factors such as thyroid dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities are thought to mediate this process, but the conclusions are inconsistent. This study investigated the rate of suicide attempts and associated risk factors among young, first-episode and drug-naïve Chinese Han patients with MDD. METHODS A total of 917 patients with MDD (aged 18 ~ 35 years) were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected and thyroid function, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 items (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), positive symptom subscale of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and clinical global impression of severity scale (CGI-S) were adopted to assess depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms and disease severity respectively. RESULTS The rate of suicide attempts was 19.5% in young MDD patients. There were significant differences in age (p = 0.003), education level (p = 0.001), age of onset (p = 0.004) and disease duration (p = 0.001) between patients with and without suicide attempts. Compared with patients without suicide attempts, patients with suicide attempts had significantly higher scores on the HAMD-17, HAMA, PANSS positive symptom subscale and CGI-S (all p < 0.001). Patients with suicide attempts had significantly higher levels of TSH (p < 0.001), TgAb (p = 0.004), TPOAb (p < 0.001), TG (p = 0.016), TC (p < 0.001), LDL (p < 0.001), and fasting glucose (p < 0.001), but significantly lower levels of HDL (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status (OR = 0.515, 95%CI: 0.280-0.950, p = 0.515), disease duration (OR = 1.100, 95%CI: 1.013-1.194, p = 0.024), HAMA score (OR = 1.313, 95%CI: 1.205-1.430, p < 0.001), CGI-S score (OR = 1.875, 95%CI: 1.339-2.624, p < 0.001), levels of FT3(OR = 0.717, 95%CI: 0.536-0.959, p = 0.025), TPOAb (OR = 1.004, 95%CI: 1.002-1.006, p < 0.001), TC (OR = 1.330, 95%CI: 1.011-1.750, p = 0.042) and LDL (OR = 0.736, 95%CI: 0.558-0.971, p = 0.030) were all independently associated with suicide attempts in young MDD patients. CONCLUSIONS In China, the rate of suicide attempts in young patients with MDD is quite high and thyroid dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities may be implicated in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Yan Yue
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruchang Yang
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China ,grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Nian Yuan
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- grid.452825.c0000 0004 1764 2974Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137 Suzhou, Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Pallavi B. Ganapathi
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hanjing Emily Wu
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, No. 11 Guangqian Road, 215137, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Statin-induced Increase in Actin Polymerization Modulates GPCR Dynamics and Compartmentalization. Biophys J 2022:S0006-3495(22)00708-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Jo SY, Kwon YJ, Cho AR. Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Depressive Mood in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:63-68. [PMID: 35130641 PMCID: PMC8820962 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between serum cholesterol levels and depression has been studied extensively; however, results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and depressive symptoms among Korean adults. Methods This cross-sectional study used data obtained from the 2007–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 40,904 adults were included in the final analysis. Participants were categorized into five groups according to their LDL-C levels, using the Korean guidelines for dyslipidemia. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. Weighted logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between LDL-C levels and self-reported depressive symptoms. Results Compared with the intermediate category, the lowest (<70 mg/dL) and highest (≥160 mg/dL) LDL-C categories were associated with depressive symptoms, after adjusting for potential confounding factors (odds ratio [OR], 1.191; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.008–1.409; OR, 1.241; 95% CI, 1.073–1.435, respectively). The highest LDL-C category was positively associated with depressive symptoms in those who were middle-aged, female, had a low body mass index, and taking or not taking dyslipidemia medications. Conclusion A U-shaped association was identified between LDL-C categories and self-reported depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that LDL-C levels that are too low or too high are associated with self-reported depressive symptoms. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the causal relationship of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Young Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
- *Corresponding Author: A-Ra Cho Tel: +82-31-5189-8777, Fax: +82-3462-8209, E-mail:
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Mirzaei E, Mirjalili M, Jahangard L, Haghighi M, Yasrebifar F, Mohammadi Y, Larki-Harchagani A, Mehrpooya M. Influence of Simvastatin as Augmentative Therapy in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:242-252. [PMID: 33070132 DOI: 10.1159/000510853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence is promising regarding the anxiolytic effects of statins in animal models of anxiety. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of simvastatin augmentation versus placebo in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with residual symptoms despite treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). METHODS A double-blind, 8-week controlled trial was conducted from August 2018 to December 2019 in an outpatient psychiatry clinic in Hamadan, Iran. A total of 138 patients with a diagnosis of GAD were assessed for eligibility. Of them, 84 patients who met the study criteria were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant simvastatin (20 mg/day) or to the placebo group. Standard medication consisting of SSRIs was consistent 2 months prior to and during the study. The severity of anxiety symptoms for each patient was assessed based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score at baseline, week 4, and week 8 after treatment. Additionally, blood lipid values were assessed at baseline and on completion of the study. RESULTS Thirty-three out of 42 patients in the intervention group and 35 out of 42 patients in the control group completed the 8 weeks of the study period. Compared to the placebo group, in the simvastatin group cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased, and high-density lipoprotein significantly increased over time. General linear model analysis demonstrated that although over time a higher decrease in mean HAM-A scores was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.11). In addition, at the end of the study, the number of responders and remitters was comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The results from this clinical study did not support the potential efficacy of adjunctive simvastatin in the treatment of patients with GAD. Thus, large-scale and long-term clinical trials are required to more accurately assess the potential efficacy of statins in the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Jahangard
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yasrebifar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Larki-Harchagani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehrpooya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,
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González-Castro TB, Genis-Mendoza AD, León-Escalante DI, Hernández-Díaz Y, Juárez-Rojop IE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, López-Narváez ML, Marín-Medina A, Nicolini H, Castillo-Avila RG, Ramos-Méndez MÁ. Possible Association of Cholesterol as a Biomarker in Suicide Behavior. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111559. [PMID: 34829788 PMCID: PMC8615563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicides and suicidal behavior are major causes of mortality and morbidity in public health and are a global problem. Various authors have proposed changes in lipid metabolism (total cholesterol decrease) as a possible biological marker for suicidal behavior. The objective of this study was to review the studies that have demonstrated a relationship between serum cholesterol levels and suicidal behavior and to describe the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that associate changes in cholesterol concentration and suicidal behavior. Relevant literature related to serum cholesterol levels and suicidal behavior was identified through various database searches. The data from the existing literature present the findings that relate low cholesterol levels and possible pathophysiological mechanisms (neuroinflammation, serotonergic neurotransmission), genes related to cholesterol synthesis, pharmacological treatments that alter lipid metabolism and the possible participation in suicidal behavior. Nevertheless, future research is required to describe how serum cholesterol affects cholesterol metabolism in the CNS to establish and understand the role of cholesterol in suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Tabasco, Mexico; (T.B.G.-C.); (Y.H.-D.)
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
| | - Dulce Ivannia León-Escalante
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86650, Tabasco, Mexico;
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Tabasco, Mexico; (T.B.G.-C.); (Y.H.-D.)
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico; (I.E.J.-R.); (R.G.C.-A.); (M.Á.R.-M.)
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco 86650, Tabasco, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (C.A.T.-Z.); (H.N.); Tel.: +52-9933581500 (ext. 6900) (C.A.T.-Z.); +52-53501900 (ext. 1197) (H.N.)
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- Secretaría de Salud de Chiapas, Hospital Chiapas Nos Une “Dr. Gilberto Gómez Maza”, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29045, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (C.A.T.-Z.); (H.N.); Tel.: +52-9933581500 (ext. 6900) (C.A.T.-Z.); +52-53501900 (ext. 1197) (H.N.)
| | - Rosa Giannina Castillo-Avila
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico; (I.E.J.-R.); (R.G.C.-A.); (M.Á.R.-M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico; (I.E.J.-R.); (R.G.C.-A.); (M.Á.R.-M.)
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12
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Moradi S, Zobeiri M, Feizi A, Clark CCT, Entezari MH. The effects of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14472. [PMID: 34107141 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging body of evidence has highlighted the protective role of spirulina in human health. Thus, we conducted a randomised controlled trial to discern the effects of spirulina supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mood, fatigue status and quality of life among ulcerative colitis patients. METHODS Eighty participants with ulcerative colitis were randomly allocated to receive, either, 1 g/day (two 500 mg capsules) spirulina (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40), in a clinical trial for eight weeks. Dietary intake, physical activity, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life were assessed for each participant at baseline and trial cessation. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were also assessed. RESULTS Seventy-three participants completed the intervention. Our results revealed that spirulina supplementation significantly reduced sleep disturbances (P = .03), while no significant changes occurred in the sleep quality score or other sleep parameters, vs the placebo group (P > .05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in stress score (P = .04) and increase in quality of life (P = .03) was detected; but not anxiety, depression or fatigue scores (P > .05). Additionally, anthropometric indices and blood pressure did not significantly change (P > .05). CONCLUSION An improved quality of life was observed among ulcerative colitis patients following spirulina supplementation, which could be attributed to improved sleep disturbance and stress status. Further clinical studies, with longer duration interventions and suitably powered sample sizes, are necessary to elucidate the veracity of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zobeiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Sankaranarayanan A, Pratt R, Anoop A, Smith A, Espinoza D, Ramachandran P, Tirupati S. Serum lipids and suicidal risk among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:125-152. [PMID: 33834474 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review of literature was conducted to determine the association between serum lipids and suicidality in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS We undertook a systematic search of multiple databases for studies that ascertained an association between serum lipids and suicidality in adult patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (18-65 years) from database inception to 2 September 2020. Qualitative analysis was done using National Institute of Health (NIH) scales. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each study and standardized relative to the study. Adjusted p-value, Z-test, and heterogeneity were calculated, as well as testing for publication bias. RESULTS Of 1262 records identified, 17 studies (n = 3113) were included in our systematic review, while 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The majority of studies (11) rated fair on qualitative analysis. Data from seven studies (n = 1597) revealed a medium effect size for an association between low total cholesterol and suicide attempts (SMD -0.560; 95% CI: 0.949-0.170; p = 0.005). People with history of suicide attempt had a mean cholesterol value 0.56 SD lower than the mean in those without suicide attempts. There were differences in how a suicide attempt was defined and there was high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.3%). No significant association was found between any of the serum lipid parameters and suicide ideation. Funnel-plot analysis suggested small study effects with publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Suicide attempts in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are associated with low mean total cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Sankaranarayanan
- Melaleuca Unit, Blacktown Mental Health, Western Sydney LHD Mental Health Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin Pratt
- Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Qld, Australia.,Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia
| | - Aparna Anoop
- Medical Student, The University of Buckingham Medical School, Buckingham, UK
| | - Angela Smith
- Research Librarian, HNE Health Libraries, Hunter New England Local Health District NSW, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - David Espinoza
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UWS Clinical School, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Srinivasan Tirupati
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Service, Hunter New England LHD Mental Health Service, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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14
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de Kluiver H, Jansen R, Milaneschi Y, Bot M, Giltay EJ, Schoevers R, Penninx BW. Metabolomic profiles discriminating anxiety from depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:178-193. [PMID: 33914921 PMCID: PMC8361773 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression has been associated with metabolomic alterations. Depressive and anxiety disorders are often comorbid diagnoses and are suggested to share etiology. We investigated whether differential metabolomic alterations are present between anxiety and depressive disorders and which clinical characteristics of these disorders are related to metabolomic alterations. METHODS Data were from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), including individuals with current comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders (N = 531), only a current depression (N = 304), only a current anxiety disorder (N = 548), remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorders (N = 897), and healthy controls (N = 634). Forty metabolites from a proton nuclear magnetic resonance lipid-based metabolomics panel were analyzed. First, we examined differences in metabolites between disorder groups and healthy controls. Next, we assessed whether depression or anxiety clinical characteristics (severity and symptom duration) were associated with metabolites. RESULTS As compared to healthy controls, seven metabolomic alterations were found in the group with only depression, reflecting an inflammatory (glycoprotein acetyls; Cohen's d = 0.12, p = 0.002) and atherogenic-lipoprotein-related (e.g., apolipoprotein B: Cohen's d = 0.08, p = 0.03, and VLDL cholesterol: Cohen's d = 0.08, p = 0.04) profile. The comorbid group showed an attenuated but similar pattern of deviations. No metabolomic alterations were found in the group with only anxiety disorders. The majority of metabolites associated with depression diagnosis were also associated with depression severity; no associations were found with anxiety severity or disease duration. CONCLUSION While substantial clinical overlap exists between depressive and anxiety disorders, this study suggests that altered inflammatory and atherogenic-lipoprotein-related metabolomic profiles are uniquely associated with depression rather than anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde de Kluiver
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik J. Giltay
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Robert Schoevers
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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15
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Subsequent Dyslipidemia and Factors Associated with Mortality in Schizophrenia: A Population-Based Study in Taiwan. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050545. [PMID: 34067015 PMCID: PMC8150361 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persons with schizophrenia are at greater risk of developing subsequent medical conditions. To date, few studies have examined comprehensively the risks, mortality and survival rates in schizophrenia and subsequent dyslipidemia over different time periods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of subsequent dyslipidemia after the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and factors associated with mortality and survival rate in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: We used a population-based cohort from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, to investigate in patients whom were first diagnosed with schizophrenia during the period from 1997 through 2009, the risk of subsequent dyslipidemia during follow-up. Cumulative incidences and hazard ratios after adjusting for competing mortality risks were calculated. Results: A total of 20,964 eligible patients were included. Risks (i.e., comorbidity) and protective factors (i.e., statin use) have significant impacts on mortality. The mortality exhibits a U-shaped pattern by age. After 50, the risk of death increases with age. Risk of mortality before 50 increases with a decrease in age. Risks differed by the duration time to subsequent dyslipidemia after schizophrenia. Mean duration was 63.55 months in the survive group, and 43.19 months in the deceased group. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates for patients with schizophrenia and subsequent dyslipidemia were 97.5, 90, and 79.18%, respectively. Conclusion: Early occurrence of subsequent dyslipidemia is associated with increased overall mortality in patients with schizophrenia.
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16
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Treatment-Resistant Depression Revisited: A Glimmer of Hope. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020155. [PMID: 33672126 PMCID: PMC7927134 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide. It causes individual suffering, loss of productivity, increased health care costs and high suicide risk. Current pharmacologic interventions fail to produce at least partial response to approximately one third of these patients, and remission is obtained in approximately 30% of patients. This is known as Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). The burden of TRD exponentially increases the longer it persists, with a higher risk of impaired functional and social functioning, vast losses in quality of life and significant risk of somatic morbidity and suicidality. Different approaches have been suggested and utilized, but the results have not been encouraging. In this review article, we present new approaches to identify and correct potential causes of TRD, thereby reducing its prevalence and with it the overall burden of this disease entity. We will address potential contributory factors to TRD, most of which can be investigated in many laboratories as routine tests. We discuss endocrinological aberrations, notably, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and thyroid and gonadal dysfunction. We address the role of Vitamin D in contributing to depression. Pharmacogenomic testing is being increasingly used to determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450, Serotonin Transporter, COMT, folic acid conversion (MTHFR). As the role of immune system dysregulation is being recognized as potentially a major contributory factor to TRD, the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and select immune biomarkers, where testing is available, can guide combination treatments with anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., selective COX-2 inhibitors) reversing treatment resistance. We focus on established and emerging test procedures, potential biomarkers and non-biologic assessments and interventions to apply personalized medicine to effectively manage treatment resistance in general and TRD specifically.
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17
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Wang SN, Yao ZW, Zhao CB, Ding YS, Bian LH, Li QY, Wang XM, Shi JL, Guo JY, Wang CG. Discovery and proteomics analysis of effective compounds in Valeriana jatamansi jones for the treatment of anxiety. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113452. [PMID: 33069789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhizhu Xiang (ZZX for short) is the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used to treat various mood disorders for more than 2000 years, especially anxiety. However, there have been few investigations to clarify the compounds in ZZX for the treatment of anxiety. AIM OF THE STUDY Our previous study has identified five anti-anxiety components, including hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C and chlorogenic acid, from extract of ZZX. In order to find the optimal combination and the underlying mechanism of these five components in the treatment of anxiety disorder, researches were designed based on uniform design method and proteomic technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples with different proportion and content of the five active components were arranged by uniform design method. Then a mathematical model was formulated using partial least square method and stepwise regression analysis. Moreover, the empty bottle stress-induced anxiety rat model was established, and the anti-anxiety effect was recorded by the unconditioned reflex elevated maze test and the open field test. In addition, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique, along with the multidimensional liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry were applied in proteomic study. At last, the result of proteomic analysis was further confirmed by Western blot. RESULTS The optimal combination of the components from the extract of ZZX was 1.153 mg/kg hesperidin, 2.197 mg/kg Isochlorogenic acid A, 0.699 mg/kg Isochlorogenic acid B and 1.249 mg/kg Chlorogenic acid. Total 6818 proteins were identified using proteomic analysis and 80 differentially expressed proteins were used for further bioinformatic analysis. These proteins were involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism, Chagas disease, and AGE/RAGE signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The composition and proportion of anti-anxiety components in extract of ZZX was disclosed, and there was an anti-anxiety effect for the combined components of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Through proteomic analysis and Western blot, it was found that the effective components of extract of ZZX can exert synergistic anti-anxiety effects via the regulation of multi-signaling pathways. These findings could provide a preliminary research basis for the development of new low-toxic, efficient, stable and controllable anti-anxiety drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Nan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China; School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Luquan District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, 050200, China.
| | - Zi-Wei Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Cheng-Bowen Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Li-Hua Bian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jin-Li Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jian-You Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4A DatunRoad, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Chun-Guo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11A North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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18
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Riordan P, Davis M. Anxiety and psychological management of heart disease and heart surgery. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 177:393-408. [PMID: 33632455 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819814-8.00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is associated with many forms and facets of heart disease, and, by extension, neurologic manifestations of heart disease. Despite its seeming self-evidence, anxiety is challenging to consistently define, measure, and operationalize in the context of medical research. Various diagnostic nosologies have been defined and refined over time, but anxiety is also a universal human experience that may be "normal" in many circumstances, particularly in the face of major medical issues. For these and other reasons, the research on anxiety and heart disease is mixed, incomplete, and often characterized by challenging questions of causality. Nonetheless, a broad body of literature has established clear connections between anxiety and vascular risk factors, cardiac disease, and cardiac surgery. These relationships are often intuitive, with research suggesting, for example, that chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system is associated with increased risk of heart disease. However, they are sometimes complexly reciprocal or even surprising (e.g., with high-anxiety individuals found to have better outcomes in some cardiac conditions by virtue of seeking evaluation and treatment earlier). This chapter reviews the construct of anxiety and its complexities, its associations with heart disease, and the established treatments for anxiety, concluding with questions about anxiety, heart disease, and their optimal management that still need to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Riordan
- Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.
| | - Matthew Davis
- Mental Health Service Line, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
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19
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Association between serum lipid concentrations and attempted suicide in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243847. [PMID: 33301469 PMCID: PMC7728216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence that serum lipid concentrations may be associated with attempted suicide in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but these findings remain controversial. Thus, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the associations between serum lipid concentrations and attempted suicide in MDD patients. Materials and methods Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the China National Knowledge Library) were searched for relevant literature up to 10 February 2020. We used a random-effects model based on heterogeneity amongst studies and generated pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs). Results Thirty-two studies comprising 7,068 subjects met the inclusion criteria. A pooled analysis showed that compared with non-attempters, MDD patients who had attempted suicide had significantly lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.83 to -0.44) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD: -0.69, 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.34), but the serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.33 to 0.10) and triglycerides (TGs) (SMD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.20 to 0.20) were not significantly different between the two groups. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated that heterogeneity with respect to TC concentrations may be due to different ages (p = 0.041) and sample sizes (p = 0.016) of studies, and that heterogeneity with respect to HDL-C concentrations may be partly due to different settings of studies (p = 0.017). Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrated that lower concentrations of TC and LDL-C, but not of HDL-C and TGs, were associated with attempted suicide in MDD patients. This indicates that TC and LDL-C may be useful as biological markers for predicting whether MDD patients may attempt to commit suicide.
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20
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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Wu H, Li H, Ding Y, Jiang J, Guo P, Wang C, Tang N, Wu W. Is triglyceride associated with adult depressive symptoms? A big sample cross-sectional study from the rural areas of central China. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:8-15. [PMID: 32421624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have produced contradictive results on the association between serum lipids and depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the association between serum lipids and depression of adults among rural residents in central China. METHODS This study was part of the baseline investigation of the Henan Rural Cohort Study, with 10089 participants aged 18-79 years from March to June 2017 in Xinxiang, central China. Depression were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Serum lipids were profiled using ROCHE Cobas C501 automatic biochemical analyzer. The associations were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression models adjusted for different multiple confounders. RESULTS The crude prevalence of depression was 4.12%. ORs (95% CI) for depressive symptoms of atherosclerosis index (AI) and triglycerides (TG) were 1.040 (0.973, 1.111) (P = 0.254) and 1.074 (1.018, 1.133) (P = 0.009), respectively. Adjustment for all covariates selected further strengthened the association of AI, TG and depression, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.095 (1.001, 1.199) (P = 0.049) and 1.088 (1.022, 1.158) (P = 0.008), respectively. In the final model, age, socio-economic status (SES), net personal income and physical activity (PA) had a negative association with depression. Sleep quality, BMI, numbers of co-morbidity chronic diseases, and fresh vegetables intake every day had the opposite. LIMITATION The cross-sectional design limits the ability to make causal inference about the proposed associations. CONCLUSIONS TG may be an independent risk factor associated with depressive symptoms. Further studies are needed to explore associations between long-term abnormal changes of cholesterol and depression of general adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China; School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjian, 300070 China; Henan Province General Medical Educations and Research Center, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China; Henan Province General Medical Educations and Research Center, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjian, 300070 China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, 100 science Avenue, high tech Zone, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjian, 300070 China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 22 Qixiangtai Rd, 300070 Tianjian, China.
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China; Henan Province General Medical Educations and Research Center, 601 Jinsui Rd, Xinxiang, 453000 Henan, China.
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe behavioural issues such as impulsive action and suicide have since long been associated with low levels of cholesterol. While it is known that cholesterol plays a role in neural development and hence low levels of serum lipids could have long-term effects on behaviour, no longitudinal studies showed the association of serum lipids levels with impulsivity. We aimed to examine the prognostic properties of serum lipid levels during childhood and adolescence on measures of impulsivity during early adulthood in a representative birth cohort sample. METHODS We have investigated whether serum lipid levels measured at 9, 15, 18 and 25 years of age have an association with impulsivity in 25 years old young adults. This analysis was based on data of the birth cohort representative samples of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1238). Impulsivity was self-reported with the Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale. RESULTS Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measured in boys aged 9, 15 and 18 years predicted disinhibition and thoughtlessness in 25-year-old young adults. High scores of disinhibition were associated with low total and LDL cholesterol levels in males but, while less consistently, with high total and LDL cholesterol levels in females. Cross-sectional analysis did not result in systematic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid levels could have an impact on the development of Maladaptive Impulsivity starting from an early age. This effect of cholesterol continues throughout adolescence into young adulthood.
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23
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Uysal A, Aykutoglu B, Ascigil E. Basic psychological need frustration and health: Prospective associations with sleep quality and cholesterol. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-019-09806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Kim EJ, Hong J, Hwang JW. The Association between Depressive Mood and Cholesterol Levels in Korean Adolescents. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:737-744. [PMID: 31474090 PMCID: PMC6801315 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.03.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between lipid levels and depressive mood, and that lipids could be useful biomarkers for depression. We conducted this study to clarify the association between lipid levels and depressive mood in adolescents, especially in community samples. METHODS We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) that was conducted from 2013 to 2016. A total of 2,454 adolescents aged 12-18 years (1,273 boys, 1,181 girls) participated in the Survey. We conducted a cross-sectional study using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age, household income, daily energy intake, daily fat intake, and daily cholesterol intake, to assess the association between depressive mood and serum lipid levels. RESULTS Depressive mood was found in 8.7% of those included in the study. Borderline (110-129 mg/dL) and high (≥130 mg/dL) levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly associated with depressive mood [Borderline level: odds ratio (OR)=5.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56-19.81, p=0.01; High level: OR=5.73, 95% CI 1.06-31.08, p=0.04]. However, this association was not found in girls. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that depressive mood in boys is associated with higher LDL-C levels. Further investigation regarding this relationship and the underlying biological mechanisms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeana Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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25
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Benachenhou S, Etcheverry A, Galarneau L, Dubé J, Çaku A. Implication of hypocholesterolemia in autism spectrum disorder and its associated comorbidities: A retrospective case-control study. Autism Res 2019; 12:1860-1869. [PMID: 31385649 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with low cholesterol levels in a limited number of studies. However, the prevalence of hypocholesterolemia as well as the degree of association with ASD remains to be elucidated. We therefore sought to investigate the lipid profiles of a group of French-Canadian ASD individuals. The medical records of 79 ASD individuals and 79 age and gender-matched healthy controls were retrospectively reviewed. The fasting lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein were extracted for individuals of both groups along with the following clinical data: anthropometric measurements, medication use and associated disorders. Lipid parameters were compared to age and gender-based normative population and categorized in centile groups. The prevalence of hypocholesterolemia was revealed to be more than threefold higher in ASD individuals as compared to the general population (23%; P = 0.005). The 25th centile was determined as a potential TC threshold that could best predict the ASD (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58-6.65; P < 0.001). This study identified specific ASD comorbidities associated with hypocholesterolemia: TC levels below the 10th centile were associated with a higher rate of ASD-associated intellectual disability (OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.26-8.00) and anxiety/depression (OR = 4.74; 95% CI: 1.40-15.73). Overall, these results support a potential association between hypocholesterolemia and ASD occurrence. Application of this study to larger populations is urging to provide more extensive data that may further elucidate the association between hypocholesterolemia and ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1860-1869. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with abnormally low levels of cholesterol (hypocholesterolemia) has been documented before. These studies were incomplete, and the conclusion remains speculative. Here, we reviewed the medical records of 79 French-Canadian ASD individuals and compared their total cholesterol (TC) levels to healthy individuals matched for age and gender. We observed four times more hypocholesterolemia in ASD than in the general population. Furthermore, low TC in ASD was associated with higher rates of ASD-associated intellectual disability and anxiety/depression. Our results support an association between hypocholesterolemia and ASD and open novel opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of specific forms of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérine Benachenhou
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Etcheverry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Galarneau
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Dubé
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Péterfalvi Á, Németh N, Herczeg R, Tényi T, Miseta A, Czéh B, Simon M. Examining the Influence of Early Life Stress on Serum Lipid Profiles and Cognitive Functioning in Depressed Patients. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1798. [PMID: 31447737 PMCID: PMC6691174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood adversity is a strong predictor of the development of major depressive disorder (MDD), but not all depressed patients experience early life stress (ELS). Cardio-metabolic diseases and cognitive deficits often coincide in MDD and worsen its course and outcome. Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known on the impact of ELS on cardiovascular risk factors in MDD. Here, we examined MDD patients with and without ELS to explore the effects of ELS on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and on cognitive performances of the patients. Methods Participants with a mean age of 35 years (18–55 years) were recruited from the university mental health clinic and general community. Three groups, matched in age, gender and lifestyle were examined: MDD patients with ELS (n = 21), MDD patients without ELS (n = 21), and healthy controls (n = 20). The following CVD risk factors were assessed: serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins), body mass index and exercise in a typical week. MDD severity was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess early life adversities. Executive functions and attentional processes were assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting and Conners’ Continuous Performance tests. Results Major depressive disorder patients with ELS had higher serum triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to MDD patients without ELS. Linear regression analysis revealed that the severity of ELS had a significant negative association with HDL-cholesterol levels and significant positive associations with the serum levels of TG and TC/HDL-cholesterol index. We also found significant associations between some specific trauma types and lipid profiles. Finally, we could detect significant associations between depression severity and specific domains of the cognitive tests as well as between lipid profiles and certain domains of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, we could not detect any association between the severity of ELS and cognitive performance. Conclusion After controlling for depressive symptom severity and lifestyle variables, ELS was found to be a strong predictor of serum lipid alterations. Several, inter-correlated pathways may mediate the undesirable effects of ELS on the course and outcome of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Péterfalvi
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nándor Németh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria Simon
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Broc G, Gonzalès B, Chakiba J, Carré C, Valantin S, Mori PY. Pertinence clinique en population dépressive d’un médiateur thérapeutique axé sur les ressources personnelles : évaluation par protocole individuel de type arrêt—reprise sur une patiente hospitalisée pour dépression. PRAT PSYCHOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Perlman K, Benrimoh D, Israel S, Rollins C, Brown E, Tunteng JF, You R, You E, Tanguay-Sela M, Snook E, Miresco M, Berlim MT. A systematic meta-review of predictors of antidepressant treatment outcome in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:503-515. [PMID: 30286415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heterogeneity of symptoms and complex etiology of depression pose a significant challenge to the personalization of treatment. Meanwhile, the current application of generic treatment approaches to patients with vastly differing biological and clinical profiles is far from optimal. Here, we conduct a meta-review to identify predictors of response to antidepressant therapy in order to select robust input features for machine learning models of treatment response. These machine learning models will allow us to learn associations between patient features and treatment response which have predictive value at the individual patient level; this learning can be optimized by selecting high-quality input features for the model. While current research is difficult to directly apply to the clinic, machine learning models built using knowledge gleaned from current research may become useful clinical tools. METHODS The EMBASE and MEDLINE/PubMed online databases were searched from January 1996 to August 2017, using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords to identify relevant literature reviews. We identified a total of 1909 articles, wherein 199 articles met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS An array of genetic, immune, endocrine, neuroimaging, sociodemographic, and symptom-based predictors of treatment response were extracted, varying widely in clinical utility. LIMITATIONS Due to heterogeneous sample sizes, effect sizes, publication biases, and methodological disparities across reviews, we could not accurately assess the strength and directionality of every predictor. CONCLUSION Notwithstanding our cautious interpretation of the results, we have identified a multitude of predictors that can be used to formulate a priori hypotheses regarding the input features for a computational model. We highlight the importance of large-scale research initiatives and clinically accessible biomarkers, as well as the need for replication studies of current findings. In addition, we provide recommendations for future improvement and standardization of research efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Perlman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue Université, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - David Benrimoh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sonia Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Colleen Rollins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Eleanor Brown
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue Université, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jingla-Fri Tunteng
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Raymond You
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eunice You
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Tanguay-Sela
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue Université, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emily Snook
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Miresco
- Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marcelo T Berlim
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
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Arab A, Mehrabani S, Moradi S, Amani R. The association between diet and mood: A systematic review of current literature. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:428-437. [PMID: 30537665 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the association between diet and mood state, but the findings have been inconclusive. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to assess the association between different diet and mood state. PubMed, Cochrane's library, Science direct, Scopus, Google scholar and ISI web of science databases were searched for all available literature until December 2017 for studies assessing the association between diet and mood state. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Jadad scale for reporting randomized clinical trials were used to assess study quality. A total of 18 studies out of 2857 met our inclusion criteria and included in our systematic review. Although there are not consistent findings between studies, it seems that DASH, vegetable-based, glycemic load-based, ketogenic and Paleo diets could improve mood more than the others. Further studies are needed to assess such relationship in a longer period to draw a firm link between diet and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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30
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Cariou B, Challet-Bouju G, Bernard C, Marrec M, Hardouin JB, Authier C, Bach-Ngohou K, Leux C, Pichelin M, Grall-Bronnec M. Prevalence of hypobetalipoproteinemia and related psychiatric characteristics in a psychiatric population: results from the retrospective HYPOPSY Study. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:249. [PMID: 30400945 PMCID: PMC6220563 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) is defined by plasma concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lower than the fifth percentile for age and sex. Several psychiatric symptoms have been reported in association with HBL. The objective was to assess the prevalence of primary HBL in patients hospitalized in a psychiatric population and to better characterize the related psychiatric disorders. METHODS HYPOPSY is a retrospective study including 839 adults hospitalized in the Psychiatry department of Nantes University Hospital during the year 2014, except patients with eating disorders. The prevalence of primary HBL was defined by a plasma LDL-C concentration ≤ 50 mg/dL. Secondary causes of HBL were excluded after a review of medical records (n=2). Related-psychiatric disorders in patients with and without HBL were recorded using the ICD-10 classification. RESULTS Twenty cases of primary HBL (mean [SD] LDL-C: 42 [7] mg/dL) were diagnosed, leading to a prevalence of 2.39%. In comparison, the prevalence of HBL in a healthy control population was 0.57%. Psychiatric patients with HBL were characterized by a higher frequency of schizophrenia (p=0.044), hetero-aggression (p=0.015) and pervasive and specific developmental disorders (including autism) (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HBL is 4-fold higher in psychiatric than in general population. More specifically, some statistically significant associations were found between low LDL-C concentrations and schizophrenia, autism and hetero-aggression. These data reinforce the hypothesis for a link between genetically low LDL-C levels and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Cariou
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bernard
- Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Present address: CHU Sud Reunion, Site Saint-Pierre, Avenue président F Mitterrand, BP 350, 97448 ST, Pierre Cedex, La Reunion, France
| | - Marie Marrec
- CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Hardouin
- Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, DRCi, Plateforme de Méthodologie et de Biostatistique, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Charlotte Authier
- Centre d'examens de santé de la Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie de Loire-Atlantique, St Nazaire, F-44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Kalyane Bach-Ngohou
- CHU Nantes, Service de Biochimie, F-44000, Nantes, France.,INSERM1235, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Leux
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Information Médicale, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Pichelin
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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Gulec-Yilmaz S, Gulec H, Ogut DB, Cetin B, Gormus U, Isbir T. Association between apolipoprotein E genotypes and panic disorder in Turkish population. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:477-483. [PMID: 29888635 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1482957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we aimed to investigate possible interactions among the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and panic disorder (PD), taking into account serum cholesterol levels and subfractions. METHODS ApoE genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in DNA samples of PD patient group (n = 45) and healthy control group (n = 50). The serum lipid levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction analysis were examined. RESULTS There was a significant difference of ApoE genotypes in patient and control groups. The E3/E3 genotypes lower whereas E4 allele carriers were significantly higher in PD group ApoE4allele carriers had 3.2-fold higher risk of PD. PD group had significantly lower LDL and HDL levels. In spite of the decreased levels of total LDL, antiatherogenic large LDL subgroup was significantly lower in a patient with PD. Antiatherogenic large HDL and Intermediate HDL levels were lower, while atherogenic small HDL subfraction was significantly higher in PD group. Furthermore, Apo E3/E3 genotype carriers had significantly higher large LDL, HDL, large HDL, intermediate HDL level, and also had highest HDL between all the groups. ApoE4 allele carriers while they had highest atherogenic small HDL level. CONCLUSION E4 allele can be associated with PD as an eligible risk factor, the E3/E3 could be a risk-reducing factor for PD. Patients with PD not only had lower LDL and HDL levels but also they have higher atherogenic LDL and HDL subfractions. Also, E3/E3 genotype carriers had convenient but ApoE4 carriers had atherogenic plasma cholesterol levels and subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gulec-Yilmaz
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Gulec
- b Erenkoy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital , University of Health Sciences , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Dicle Bilge Ogut
- b Erenkoy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital , University of Health Sciences , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bugra Cetin
- c Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Maltepe University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Uzay Gormus
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Turgay Isbir
- e Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Repousi N, Masana MF, Sanchez-Niubo A, Haro JM, Tyrovolas S. Depression and metabolic syndrome in the older population: A review of evidence. J Affect Disord 2018; 237:56-64. [PMID: 29772477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been shown to be associated with depression in older adults but the results are mixed. We summarized and evaluated the association between depression and MetS in people aged 60 years or over. METHODS Relevant published studies from January 1997 to July 2017 were identified by searching two electronic databases: PubMed/Medline and EMBASE. Observational studies were considered. RESULTS Twelve studies were included in the systematic review. Depression seemed to be related with MetS in the majority of the studies (10/12 = 83.3%). As far as the longitudinal studies are concerned, the onset of depression was related to MetS in 2 out of 3 studies (66.6%), while a relation between chronicity of depression and MetS was reported (1 study). Regarding cross-sectional studies, 7 out of 9 (77.7%) concluded that there was a positive association between depression and MetS. Mixed evidence was found among studies concerning the association between depression and the individual components of MetS. Four out of ten studies (40%) reported that depression was significantly associated with the waist circumference, a component of MetS. LIMITATIONS There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies regarding their design. Only studies written in English, from peer-reviewed journals were included. CONCLUSIONS Depression seemed to be significantly associated with MetS in people aged 60 years or over. Among the components of MetS, abdominal obesity seemed to be associated more strongly and consistently with depression. The direction of the causality and mechanisms underlying the relationship are still largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolena Repousi
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias Street, 75, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria F Masana
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08830, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova, 143, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08830, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08830, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08830, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Visiting Fellow at Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Avenue, mSuite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
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Prevalence of suicide attempt and clinical characteristics of suicide attempters with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS). CNS Spectr 2018; 23:59-66. [PMID: 28300008 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852917000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with variable risk of suicide and prevalence of suicide attempt (SA). The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of SA and associated sociodemographic and clinical features in a large international sample of OCD patients. METHODS A total of 425 OCD outpatients, recruited through the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network, were assessed and categorized in groups with or without a history of SA, and their sociodemographic and clinical features compared through Pearson's chi-squared and t tests. Logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of the collected data on the SA variable. RESULTS 14.6% of our sample reported at least one SA during their lifetime. Patients with an SA had significantly higher rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders (60 vs. 17%, p<0.001; particularly tic disorder), medical disorders (51 vs. 15%, p<0.001), and previous hospitalizations (62 vs. 11%, p<0.001) than patients with no history of SA. With respect to geographical differences, European and South African patients showed significantly higher rates of SA history (40 and 39%, respectively) compared to North American and Middle-Eastern individuals (13 and 8%, respectively) (χ2=11.4, p<0.001). The logistic regression did not show any statistically significant predictor of SA among selected independent variables. CONCLUSIONS Our international study found a history of SA prevalence of ~15% in OCD patients, with higher rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidities and previous hospitalizations in patients with a previous SA. Along with potential geographical influences, the presence of the abovementioned features should recommend additional caution in the assessment of suicide risk in OCD patients.
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Laursen L, Severinsen K, Kristensen KB, Periole X, Overby M, Müller HK, Schiøtt B, Sinning S. Cholesterol binding to a conserved site modulates the conformation, pharmacology, and transport kinetics of the human serotonin transporter. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3510-3523. [PMID: 29352106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) is important for reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin from the synaptic cleft and is also the target of most antidepressants. It has previously been shown that cholesterol in the membrane bilayer affects the conformation of SERT. Although recent crystal structures have identified several potential cholesterol-binding sites, it is unclear whether any of these potential cholesterol sites are occupied by cholesterol and functionally relevant. In the present study, we focus on the conserved cholesterol site 1 (CHOL1) located in a hydrophobic groove between TM1a, TM5, and TM7. By molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate a strong binding of cholesterol to CHOL1 in a membrane bilayer environment. In biochemical experiments, we find that cholesterol depletion induces a more inward-facing conformation favoring substrate analog binding. Consistent with this, we find that mutations in CHOL1 with a negative impact on cholesterol binding induce a more inward-facing conformation, and, vice versa, mutations with a positive impact on cholesterol binding induce a more outward-facing conformation. This shift in transporter conformation dictated by the ability to bind cholesterol in CHOL1 affects the apparent substrate affinity, maximum transport velocity, and turnover rates. Taken together, we show that occupation of CHOL1 by cholesterol is of major importance in the transporter conformational equilibrium, which in turn dictates ligand potency and serotonin transport activity. Based on our findings, we propose a mechanistic model that incorporates the role of cholesterol binding to CHOL1 in the function of SERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Laursen
- From the Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark and
| | - Kasper Severinsen
- From the Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark and
| | - Kristina Birch Kristensen
- From the Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark and
| | - Xavier Periole
- the Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Malene Overby
- From the Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark and
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- From the Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark and
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- the Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steffen Sinning
- From the Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark and
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Radler BT, Rigotti A, Ryff CD. Persistently high psychological well-being predicts better HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels: findings from the midlife in the U.S. (MIDUS) longitudinal study. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:1. [PMID: 29298716 PMCID: PMC5751819 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological correlates of blood lipid levels have been previously evaluated mostly in cross sectional studies. However, prospectively measured psychological factors might also predict favorable blood lipid profiles, thereby indicating a healthy mind/body interplay that is associated with less disease, better health and longer lives. Methods This paper examined whether longitudinal profiles of psychological well-being over 9–10 years are predictors of blood lipid profiles. Using the MIDUS (Midlife in the U.S.) biological subsample (n = 1054, aged 34 to 84, 55% female), cross-time trajectories of well-being were linked with three lipid outcomes (i.e., HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol), measured for the first time at the 2nd wave of the study. Results Most adults showed largely stable profiles of well-being, albeit at different levels. Some showed persistently high well-being over time, while others revealed persistently low or moderate well-being. After adjusting for the effect of demographics, health behaviors, medications, and insulin resistance, adults with persistently high levels of environmental mastery and self-acceptance—two components of psychological well-being—had significantly higher levels of HDL as well as significantly lower levels of triglycerides compared to adults with persistently low levels of well-being. Converging with prior findings, no association was found between well-being and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions Over 9–10 years, persistently high levels of psychological well-being measures predicted high HDL cholesterol and low triglycerides. These findings add longitudinal evidence to the growing body of research showing that positive psychological factors are linked with better lipoprotein profiles. A better blood lipid profile, particularly higher HDL-C, may be key in mediating how psychological well-being positively impacts health and length of life. Additional research is required to further validate this hypothesis as well as to establish potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry T Radler
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute on Aging, 2245 Medical Science Center, Madison, WI, 53703, USA.
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Marcoleta #367, interior, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D Ryff
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Institute on Aging, 2245 Medical Science Center, Madison, WI, 53703, USA
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Shrivastava A, Johnston M, Campbell R, De Sousa A, Shah N. Serum cholesterol and Suicide in first episode psychosis: A preliminary study. Indian J Psychiatry 2017; 59:478-482. [PMID: 29497191 PMCID: PMC5806328 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_185_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of cholesterol have been described in suicide behavior including among those individuals who have an increased tendency for impulsivity. Violent suicide attempters show significantly lower cholesterol levels than nonviolent suicide attempters. The suicide rate is particularly high in the prodromal and early phase of schizophrenia. It is unclear if there is a psychopathological relationship between early psychosis, suicide, and cholesterol levels. The present study examines levels of cholesterol and suicide behavior in a cohort of early psychosis. METHODOLOGY Sixty admitted patients with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosis of nonaffective schizophrenia spectrum disorder (early psychosis) were assessed in a naturalistic cross-sectional, cohort study. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Scale for Impact of Suicidality-Management, Assessment and Planning of Care (SIS-MAP). Serum levels of cholesterol were estimated in the cohort as well. The findings were analyzed for a clinical correlation of cholesterol levels, suicidal attempters, and psychopathology. RESULTS Out of 60 patients, 13 patients had a suicide attempt in the recent past. No serum cholesterol abnormality (3.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L) was observed in patients as a group and those with low suicidality (SIS-MAP <17, serum cholesterol: 4.1 ± 1.3 mmol/L). However, low levels of cholesterol were observed in a subgroup with severe suicidality (SIS-MAP >33; serum cholesterol: 3.5 ± 1.4 mmol/L). Females with moderate suicidality showed statistically significant lower cholesterol levels than males (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS The study suggests lower levels of cholesterol in patients of psychosis with severe suicidal thoughts and depression in early psychosis. More research is required in this field to determine the neurochemistry of suicide behavior in psychosis and its significance in the prediction of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Shrivastava
- Department of Mental Health, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Johnston
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robbie Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avinash De Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Suárez Bagnasco M. Psychological issues and cognitive impairment in adults with familial hypercholesterolemia. Fam Pract 2017; 34:520-524. [PMID: 28586437 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A literature review about depression, anxiety, illness perception and neurocognitive impairment in adults with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) was performed. Through PubMed and PsycINFO published studies from 1980 until March 2017 were searched. Two papers assessed depression and anxiety. Four papers explored illness perception. Five studies assessed cognitive impairment. Mean depression and anxiety scores were within normal range. From the reviewed research, it can be concluded that deficits in executive functioning and memory appear in FH patients between 18 and 40 years old, and mild cognitive impairment in older than 50. The research in the field of the present review is relatively recent: all the studies have been published in the current century. Further research should be done using complete standardized neuropsychological assessment and brain imaging techniques. Studies exploring the possible influence of cognitive deficits on adherence should be conducted also.
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Atherogenic Indices Are Increased in Elderly Patients with Unipolar Depression—Case–Control Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:291-295. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Macías-Cortés EDC, Llanes-González L, Aguilar-Faisal L, Asbun-Bojalil J. Is metabolic dysregulation associated with antidepressant response in depressed women in climacteric treated with individualized homeopathic medicines or fluoxetine? The HOMDEP-MENOP Study. HOMEOPATHY 2017; 106:3-10. [PMID: 28325221 DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climacteric is associated with both depression and metabolic dysregulation. Scarce evidence suggests that metabolic dysregulation may predict poor response to conventional antidepressants. Response to depression treatment has not been studied in homeopathic medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic disorders in depressed climacteric women treated with homeopathic medicines, fluoxetine or placebo, and if these alterations have any association with response to depression treatment. METHODS One hundred and thirty-three Mexican women (40-65 years) with depression, enrolled in the HOMDEP-MENOP study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, three-arm trial with a 6 week follow-up, underwent a complete medical history and clinical examination. Metabolic parameters were assessed at baseline. Association between baseline metabolic parameters and response to depression treatment was analyzed with bivariate analysis in the three groups. Odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Metabolic parameters were considered for inclusion in the logistic regression model if they had a statistically significant relationship with response rate on bivariate analysis at p<0.05 or if they were clinically relevant. RESULTS Overall combined prevalence (obesity and overweight) was 86.5%; 52.3% had hypertriglyceridemia; 44.7% hypercholesterolemia; 46.7% insulin resistance; and 16% subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no statistically significant association between dyslipidemia, overweight, or insulin resistance and non-response in the homeopathy group [OR (95% CI) 1.57 (0.46-5.32), p=0.467; 0.37 (0.003-1.11), p=0.059; 0.67 (0.16-2.7), p=0.579, respectively]. CONCLUSION Metabolic dysregulation was not significantly associated with response to depression treatment in depressed climacteric women treated with individualized homeopathic treatment (IHT), fluoxetine or placebo. Due to the high prevalence of metabolic disorders and its relationship with depression in the climacteric, further investigation should be focused on whether individualized prescriptions based on classical homeopathy for depressed climacteric women have an effect on metabolic parameters, and/or if treating the metabolic disorders at the same time could lead to higher response rates. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01635218 URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01635218?term=depression+homeopathy&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Del Carmen Macías-Cortés
- Consulta Externa de Homeopatía, Hospital Juárez de México, Secretaría de Salud, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, CP 7760, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Jefatura de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Secretaría de Salud, Ave Chimalpopoca 135, Col. Obrera, CP 06800, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Lidia Llanes-González
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Juárez de México, Secretaría de Salud, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, CP 7760, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal
- División de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ave. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Asbun-Bojalil
- División de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ave. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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De Berardis D, Serroni N, Campanella D, Marini S, Rapini G, Valchera A, Iasevoli F, Mazza M, Fornaro M, Perna G, Di Iorio G, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M. Alexithymia, Suicide Ideation, C-Reactive Protein, and Serum Lipid Levels Among Outpatients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:100-112. [PMID: 25856390 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2015.1004485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between alexithymia, suicide ideation, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and serum lipid levels in adult outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Seventy consecutive patients with GAD were recruited and evaluated. Measures were the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Scale of Suicide Ideation (SSI), and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). All patients were assessed for: CRP, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridaemia (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were also evaluated. Alexithymic patients showed higher scores on almost all rating scales and altered serum CRP and lipid levels vs. non-alexithymics. In the hierarchical regression model, the presence of higher MADRS scores together with higher scores at the Difficulty in Identifying Feelings dimension of TAS-20 were associated with higher rates of suicide ideation. Although alexithymic subjects with GAD may show a CRP and cholesterol dysregulation, this latter seems independent on increased suicide ideation, rather to Difficulty in Identifying Feelings, and subthreshold depressive symptoms. Study limitations and future research implications are discussed.
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Guarana (Paullinia cupana) ameliorates memory impairment and modulates acetylcholinesterase activity in Poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemia in rat brain. Physiol Behav 2017; 168:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mensorio MS, Cebolla A, Lisón JF, Rodilla E, Palomar G, Miragall M, Baños RM. Emotional eating as a mediator between anxiety and cholesterol in population with overweight and hypertension. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2016; 22:911-918. [PMID: 28010121 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1271134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the relationship between cholesterol and mood states (especially anxiety) has been well studied, few researches have included the role of eating styles in this relationship. This study explored the associations among eating styles, negative emotional symptoms, and levels of cholesterol (and other medical variables) in a population with hypertension and overweight or obesity, analyzing the possible mediation mechanisms involved. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 68 adults with hypertension and overweight/obesity, and stepwise multiple regression analysis and mediation analyses were carried out to test the hypothesis that eating styles mediate the relationship between negative emotional symptoms and cholesterol. Several significant correlations among age, anthropometric, medical, and psychological variables (eating styles and negative emotional symptoms) were found. There was a significant indirect effect of anxiety on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol through emotional eating. Results suggest that emotional eating has a relevant role in the rise in total and LDL cholesterol, acting as a mediator in the relationship between anxiety and cholesterol. This finding could have important implications, since it introduces a new variable in the relationship between emotions and cholesterol and, therefore, changes the way of understanding this relationship, and of treating high cholesterol in a hypertensive sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinna S Mensorio
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,b CAPES Foundation , Brasilia , Brazil
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) , Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Lisón
- d Departamento de Medicina , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain
| | - Enrique Rodilla
- d Departamento de Medicina , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Valencia , Spain.,e Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit , Hospital de Sagunto , Sagunto , Spain
| | | | - Marta Miragall
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Baños
- a Facultad de Psicología , Universitat de València , Valencia , Spain.,c CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) , Instituto Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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Tomson K, Vaht M, Laas K, Veidebaum T, Harro J. Effect of a human serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor gene polymorphism on impulsivity: Dependence on cholesterol levels. J Affect Disord 2016; 206:23-30. [PMID: 27455355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is multidimensional: Low impulse control may result in behavioural disorders, but acting on the spur of moment may also be advantageous. Previous studies have shown negative associations between different facets of impulsivity and serotonergic function. Other investigations have found negative correlations between serum lipid levels and impulsivity. METHODS We have investigated whether the functional polymorphism -1438A/G in the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) is associated with impulsivity levels and whether there is any interaction with serum lipid levels. This analysis was based on data of the population-representative Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study at age 25. Impulsivity was self-reported with the Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale. RESULTS Subjects with the A/A genotype of the HTR2A -1438A/G polymorphism had higher scores of Maladaptive impulsivity, but not Adaptive impulsivity. In females, high LDL and total cholesterol levels increased the genotype effect. In males, in the highest quartile of total or LDL cholesterol the genotype effect was altered, with G/G homozygotes having the highest Maladaptive impulsivity levels. LIMITATIONS Only one cohort of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) was used in the current study and impulsivity measures were self-reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the notion that low cholesterol levels universally lead to higher impulsivity, but it was found that high total and LDL cholesterol levels moderate the effect of the HTR2A gene promoter polymorphism. This suggests that future studies on impulsivity need to consider the interaction of serotonergic measures with the whole range of cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tomson
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mariliis Vaht
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kariina Laas
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia.
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Engel DF, de Oliveira J, Lopes JB, Santos DB, Moreira ELG, Farina M, Rodrigues ALS, de Souza Brocardo P, de Bem AF. Is there an association between hypercholesterolemia and depression? Behavioral evidence from the LDLr −/− mouse experimental model. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reddy ST, Shrivastava S, Mallesham K, Chattopadhyay A. Cholesterol-dependent thermotropic behavior and organization of neuronal membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2611-2616. [PMID: 27453199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The composition of neuronal membranes is unique with diverse lipid composition due to evolutionary requirement. The organization and dynamics of neuronal membranes are crucial for efficient functioning of neuronal receptors. We have previously established hippocampal membranes as a convenient natural source for exploring lipid-protein interactions, and organization of neuronal receptors. Keeping in mind the pathophysiological role of neuronal cholesterol, in this work, we used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to explore thermotropic phase behavior and organization (thickness) of hippocampal membranes under conditions of varying cholesterol content. Our results show that the apparent phase transition temperature of hippocampal membranes displays characteristic linear dependence on membrane cholesterol content. These results are in contrast to earlier results with binary lipid mixtures containing cholesterol where phase transition temperature was found to be not significantly dependent on cholesterol concentration. Interestingly, SAXS data showed that hippocampal membrane thickness remained more or less invariant, irrespective of cholesterol content. We believe that these results constitute one of the early reports on the thermotropic phase behavior and organizational characterization of hippocampal membranes under varying cholesterol content. These results could have implications in the functioning of neuronal receptors in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thirupathi Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sandeep Shrivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Mallesham
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Castañeda SF, Buelna C, Giacinto RE, Gallo LC, Sotres-Alvarez D, Gonzalez P, Fortmann AL, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Gellman MD, Giachello AL, Talavera GA. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and psychological distress among Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Prev Med 2016; 87:144-150. [PMID: 26921653 PMCID: PMC4884536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies show that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are correlated with psychological distress, yet research examining these relationships among Hispanic/Latinos is lacking. The population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos enrolled a cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults (N=16,415) 18-74years of age at the time of recruitment, from four US metropolitan areas, between March 2008 and June 2011. Psychological distress (i.e., 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, 10 item Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale, and a combined depression/anxiety score), socio-demographics (i.e., age, education, income, insurance, sex, and Hispanic/Latino background), acculturation (i.e., country of birth and language preference), and traditional CVD risk factors (i.e., dyslipidemia, obesity, current cigarette smoking, diabetes, and hypertension) were assessed at baseline. Associations between CVD risk factors and psychological distress measures by sex were examined using multiple linear regression models, accounting for complex survey design and sampling weights and controlling for socio-demographic and acculturation covariates. In adjusted analyses, all three psychological distress measures were significantly related to smoking. For females, greater psychological distress was significantly related to obesity and current smoking. For males, diabetes and current smoking were associated with psychological distress. For males and females, dyslipidemia and hypertension were not associated with psychological distress after adjusting for other factors. Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with CVD risk factors for Hispanic/Latino men and women. However, these results were not consistent across Hispanic/Latino groups. As promoted by the integrative care model, psychosocial concerns should be considered in research on CVD risk and chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F Castañeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Christina Buelna
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Rebeca Espinoza Giacinto
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, 137 E. Franklin Street, Suite 203, CB#8030, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Addie L Fortmann
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, 10140 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1312, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marc D Gellman
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, 1251 Stanford Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Aida L Giachello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Iorfino F, Hickie IB, Lee RSC, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. The underlying neurobiology of key functional domains in young people with mood and anxiety disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:156. [PMID: 27215830 PMCID: PMC4878058 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood and anxiety disorders are leading causes of disability and mortality, due largely to their onset during adolescence and young adulthood and broader impact on functioning. Key factors that are associated with disability and these disorders in young people are social and economic participation (e.g. education, employment), physical health, suicide and self-harm behaviours, and alcohol and substance use. A better understanding of the objective markers (i.e. neurobiological parameters) associated with these factors is important for the development of effective early interventions that reduce the impact of disability and illness persistence. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature for neurobiological parameters (i.e. neuropsychology, neuroimaging, sleep-wake and circadian biology, neurophysiology and metabolic measures) associated with functional domains in young people (12 to 30 years) with mood and/or anxiety disorders. RESULTS Of the one hundred and thirty-four studies selected, 7.6 % investigated social and economic participation, 2.1 % physical health, 15.3 % suicide and self-harm behaviours, 6.9 % alcohol and substance use, whereas the majority (68.1 %) focussed on clinical syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Despite the predominance of studies that solely examine the clinical syndrome of young people the literature also provides evidence of distinct associations among objective measures (indexing various aspects of brain circuitry) and other functional domains. We suggest that a shift in focus towards characterising the mechanisms that underlie and/or mediate multiple functional domains will optimise personalised interventions and improve illness trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Iorfino
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Rico S C Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Machado MB, Ignácio ZM, Jornada LK, Réus GZ, Abelaira HM, Arent CO, Schwalm MT, Ceretta RA, Ceretta LB, Quevedo J. Prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e algumas comorbidades em idosos: um estudo de base populacional. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de transtornos ansiosos e fatores associados em uma amostra populacional de idosos do Sul de Santa Catarina. Métodos Estudo transversal com base em dados populacionais, que avaliou 1.021 indivíduos idosos entre 60 e 79 anos. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares para aferição de variáveis sobre transtornos ansiosos, por meio do questionário MINI, dados sociodemográficos, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e dosagem de colesterol. Resultados As prevalências entre os transtornos ansiosos foram de 22,0% para o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG); 14,8% para fobia social (FS); 10,5% para transtorno do pânico (TP); e 8,5% para o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC). Além disso, 40,5% dos indivíduos apresentaram pelo menos um transtorno de ansiedade. A distribuição dos transtornos foi semelhante nos dois gêneros; TAG foi mais prevalente nos indivíduos de menor escolaridade; TOC foi mais presente em indivíduos casados ou em união estável. Em relação às variáveis clínicas, HAS foi associada à presença de TOC; FS foi associada com IAM; TOC e FS foram associados com HDL > 40 mg/dL. Conclusão Os dados demonstram que os quadros de ansiedade são muito frequentes em idosos da comunidade, se sobrepõem de forma significativa e estão associados a algumas variáveis clínicas cardiovasculares.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - João Quevedo
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA; The University of Texas, USA
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49
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Batelaan NM, Seldenrijk A, Bot M, van Balkom AJLM, Penninx BWJH. Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 208:223-31. [PMID: 26932485 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety has been associated with new-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the quality of this relationship is unclear. Only if anxiety is a causal, independent cardiovascular risk factor might it be a target for CVD prevention. AIMS To determine and examine the independent association and causality between anxiety and incident CVD. METHOD PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched up to October 2013. A review of Hill's criteria for causality and random effects meta-analysis were conducted of prospective, population-based studies examining anxiety and incident CVD in people free from CVD at baseline. RESULTS The meta-analysis comprised 37 papers (n = 1 565 699). The follow-up ranged from 1 to 24 years. Anxiety was associated with a 52% increased incidence of CVD (hazard ratio = 1.52, 95% CI 1.36-1.71). The risk seemed independent of traditional risk factors and depression. The evaluation of Hill's criteria largely argued in favour of causality. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety may be of interest for CVD prevention. Future research should examine biological and behavioural underpinnings of the association in order to identify targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje M Batelaan
- Neeltje M. Batelaan, MD, PhD, Adrie Seldenrijk, PhD, Mariska Bot, PhD, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, MD, PhD, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie Seldenrijk
- Neeltje M. Batelaan, MD, PhD, Adrie Seldenrijk, PhD, Mariska Bot, PhD, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, MD, PhD, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Neeltje M. Batelaan, MD, PhD, Adrie Seldenrijk, PhD, Mariska Bot, PhD, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, MD, PhD, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J L M van Balkom
- Neeltje M. Batelaan, MD, PhD, Adrie Seldenrijk, PhD, Mariska Bot, PhD, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, MD, PhD, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Neeltje M. Batelaan, MD, PhD, Adrie Seldenrijk, PhD, Mariska Bot, PhD, Anton J. L. M. van Balkom, MD, PhD, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Molecular rheology of neuronal membranes explored using a molecular rotor: Implications for receptor function. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 196:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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