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Ipiales RP, Sarrion A, Diaz E, de la Rubia MA, Diaz-Portuondo E, Coronella CJ, Mohedano AF. Swine manure management by hydrothermal carbonization: Comparative study of batch and continuous operation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118062. [PMID: 38157959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is considered a promising technology for biomass waste management without pre-drying. This study explores the potential for swine manure management by comparing batch and continuous processes, emphasizing the benefits of the continuous mode, particularly for its potential full-scale application. The continuous process at low temperature (180 °C) resulted in a hydrochar with a lower degree of carbonization compared to the batch process, but similar characteristics were found in both hydrochars at higher operating temperatures (230-250 °C), such as C content (∼ 52 wt%), fixed carbon (∼ 24 wt%) and higher calorific value (21 MJ kg-1). Thermogravimetric and combustion analyses showed that hydrochars exhibited characteristics suitable as solid biofuels for industrial use. The process water showed a high content of organic matter as soluble chemical oxygen demand (7-22 g L-1) and total organic carbon (4-10 g L-1), although a high amount of refractory species such as N- and O-containing long aromatic compounds were detected in the process water from the batch process, while the process water from the continuous process presented more easily biodegradable compounds such as acids and alcohols, among others. The longer time required to reach operating temperature in the case of the batch system (longer heating time to reach operating temperature) resulted in lower H/C and O/C ratios compared to hydrochar from the continuous process. This indicates that the dehydration and decarboxylation reactions of the feedstock play a more important role in the batch process. This study shows the efficiency of the continuous process to obtain carbonaceous materials suitable for use as biofuel, providing a solution for swine manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ipiales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Arquimea-Agrotech, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sarrion
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Charles J Coronella
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, 89557, Nevada, United States
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Ipiales RP, Mohedano AF, Diaz-Portuondo E, Diaz E, de la Rubia MA. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure and lignocellulosic waste: A new strategy for the integral valorization of biomass wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:267-275. [PMID: 37481937 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) is a promising strategy to improve hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of low-quality wastes. HTC of swine manure (SM), with high N (2.9 wt%), S (0.7 wt%) and ash (22.6 wt%) contents, as well as low C (35.6 wt%) and higher heating value (HHV; 14.3 MJ kg-1), resulted in a hydrochar with unsuitable characteristics as a solid fuel. Co-HTC of SM and garden and park waste (GPW) improved hydrochar properties (C content (43 - 48 wt%) and HHV (18 - 20 MJ kg-1), and decreased N (∼2 wt%), S (<0.3 wt%) and ash (<15 wt%) content. A high GPW ratio (>50 wt%) during co-HTC resulted in a hydrochar similar to that obtained from GPW. The co-HTC increased nutrient migration to the process water, which allowed the precipitation of salt with high P (7.8 wt%) and negligible heavy metal content. Anaerobic digestion of co-HTC process water allowed high organic matter removal (up to 65%), and methane production (315 - 325 mL CH4 g-1CODadded). Gross energy recovery by HTC and anaerobic digestion was 5 - 6-fold higher than anaerobic treatment of feedstocks. Therefore, co-HTC of SM and GPW with a ratio > 50% GPW proved to be a suitable approach to valorize and manage SM and obtain value-added products (hydrochar, mineral fertilizer and methane).
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ipiales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Arquimea-Agrotech, 28400 Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Ipiales RP, Mohedano AF, Diaz E, de la Rubia MA. Energy recovery from garden and park waste by hydrothermal carbonisation and anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:100-109. [PMID: 35078074 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can transform wet lignocellulosic biomass, which is not considered an effective biofuel for energy production at the industrial level, into a carbonaceous product called hydrochar (HC) that is suitable for combustion and a process water (PW). PW is an interesting by-product that can be valorised for biogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD). This study presents a new approach for the valorisation of garden and park wastes (GPW) by integrating HTC to generate HC for energy production, while PW is subjected to AD for biogas production. The hydrothermal treatment was performed at 180, 210, and 230 °C, yielding HC with improved physicochemical properties, such as an elevated higher heating value (21-25 MJ kg-1); low ash (<5 wt.%), nitrogen (1.3 wt.%), and sulphur (0.2 wt.%) contents; better fuel ratio (0.4-0.6); and a broad comprehensive combustibility index (8.0×10-7 to 9.6×10-7 min-2 °C-3). AD of the generated PW was conducted under mesophilic conditions (35 °C), resulting in a methane production in the range of 253-326 mL g-1 CODadded and COD removal of up to 65%. The combination of HTC and AD allowed the recovery of 91% and 94% of the energy content feedstock, as calculated from the combustion of HC and methane, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ipiales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Arquimea-Agrotech, 28400 Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Gasification of Densified Biomass (DB) and Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Using HTA/SG Technology. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity of economical and rational use of natural energy sources caused a rapid development of research on the possibilities of using non-conventional energy resources. Taking the above into account, a new technological process of thermochemical conversion of biomass and communal waste, commonly known as High Temperature Air/Steam Gasification (HTA/SG) and Multi-Staged Enthalpy Extraction Technology (HTAG-MEET), was developed. In relation to traditional techniques of gasification or combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, the presented concept is characterized by higher thermal efficiency of the process, low emission of harmful compounds of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, dioxins, furans and heavy metals. The use of a high-temperature gasification factor causes an increased thermochemical decomposition of solid fuels, biomass and municipal waste into gaseous fuel (syngas), also with increased hydrogen content and Lower Calorific Value (LCV). In this study, the possibility of using a batch type reactor (countercurrent gasifier) was analyzed for gasification of biomass and municipal waste in terms of energy recovery and environmental protection. The proposed research topic was aimed at examining the possibility of using the thermal utilization of biomass and municipal waste through their high-temperature decomposition in the presence of air, a mixture of air and steam. The main goals of the research were achieved during the implementation of several parallel stages of the schedule, which included, primarily: (a) study of the possibility of using thermal utilization of biomass and municipal waste through their high-temperature gasification in the presence of air or a mixture of air and steam and, secondary (b) analytical and numerical modeling of high-temperature gasification of biomass and municipal waste with the use of ANSYS CFD Fluent 6.3 software. Selected results of the experimental and numerical studies are properly presented. The higher temperature gasification concept shows the capability of this technology for maximizing the gaseous product yield in an up-draft fixed bed gasifier. It was also observed that at a high temperature, steam addition contributed to the thermal conversion of biofuels to gas with higher production of hydrogen.
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Computational fluid dynamics of dual fluidized bed gasifiers for syngas production: Cold flow studies. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rambhujun N, Salman MS, Wang T, Pratthana C, Sapkota P, Costalin M, Lai Q, Aguey-Zinsou KF. Renewable hydrogen for the chemical industry. MRS ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 38624624 PMCID: PMC7851507 DOI: 10.1557/mre.2020.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is often touted as the fuel of the future, but hydrogen is already an important feedstock for the chemical industry. This review highlights current means for hydrogen production and use, and the importance of progressing R&D along key technologies and policies to drive a cost reduction in renewable hydrogen production and enable the transition of chemical manufacturing toward green hydrogen as a feedstock and fuel. The chemical industry is at the core of what is considered a modern economy. It provides commodities and important materials, e.g., fertilizers, synthetic textiles, and drug precursors, supporting economies and more broadly our needs. The chemical sector is to become the major driver for oil production by 2030 as it entirely relies on sufficient oil supply. In this respect, renewable hydrogen has an important role to play beyond its use in the transport sector. Hydrogen not only has three times the energy density of natural gas and using hydrogen as a fuel could help decarbonize the entire chemical manufacturing, but also the use of green hydrogen as an essential reactant at the basis of many chemical products could facilitate the convergence toward virtuous circles. Enabling the production of green hydrogen at cost could not only enable new opportunities but also strengthen economies through a localized production and use of hydrogen. Herein, existing technologies for the production of renewable hydrogen including biomass and water electrolysis, and methods for the effective storage of hydrogen are reviewed with an emphasis on the need for mitigation strategies to enable such a transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Rambhujun
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Muhammad Saad Salman
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ting Wang
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chulaluck Pratthana
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Prabal Sapkota
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mehdi Costalin
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Qiwen Lai
- MERLin, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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7
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Syngas Composition: Gasification of Wood Pellet with Water Steam through a Reactor with Continuous Biomass Feed System. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13174376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigations were performed in relation to the thermal gasification of wood granulate using steam in an allothermal reactor with electric heaters. They studied the impact of the temperature inside the reactor and the steam flow rate on the percentage shares of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 in synthesis gas and on the calorific value of syngas. The tests were conducted at temperatures inside the reactor equal to 750, 800, and 850 °C and with a steam flow rate equal to 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 kg∙h−1. The intensity of gasified biomass was 20 kg∙h−1. A significant impact of the temperature on the percentages of all the components of synthesis gas and a significant impact of the steam flow rate on the content of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in syngas were found. The highest percentage of hydrogen obtained was 43.3%. The calorific value of the gas depended significantly on the temperature inside the reactor and the correlation between the temperature and the steam flow rate. Its maximum value was 13.3 MJ∙m−3 at 800 °C. This paper also includes an assessment of the mutual correlations of the percentage shares of the individual synthesis gas components.
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Varela LG, Bermúdez CÁ, Chapela S, Porteiro J, Tabarés JLM. Improving Bed Movement Physics in Biomass Computational Fluid Dynamics Combustion Simulations. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis González Varela
- University of VigoEnergy Technology Group (GTE), Industrial Engineering School Campus Vigo 36310 Vigo Pontevedra Spain
| | - Cesar Álvarez Bermúdez
- University of VigoEnergy Technology Group (GTE), Industrial Engineering School Campus Vigo 36310 Vigo Pontevedra Spain
| | - Sergio Chapela
- University of VigoEnergy Technology Group (GTE), Industrial Engineering School Campus Vigo 36310 Vigo Pontevedra Spain
| | - Jacobo Porteiro
- University of VigoEnergy Technology Group (GTE), Industrial Engineering School Campus Vigo 36310 Vigo Pontevedra Spain
| | - José L. Míguez Tabarés
- University of VigoEnergy Technology Group (GTE), Industrial Engineering School Campus Vigo 36310 Vigo Pontevedra Spain
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Abstract
Drying is a critical point for the exploitation of biomass for energy production. High moisture content negatively affects the efficiency of power generation in combustion and gasification systems. Different types of dryers are available however; it is known that rotary dryers have low cost of maintenance and consume 15% and 30% less in terms of specific energy. The study analyzed the drying process of woody residues using a new prototype of mobile rotary dryer cocurrent flow. Woodchip of poplar (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) pruning were dried in a rotary drier. The drying cycle lasted 8 h for poplar, 6 h for black locust, and 6 h for pruning of grapevine. The initial biomass had a moisture content of around 50% for the poplar and around 30% for grapevine and black locust. The study showed that some characteristics of the biomass (e.g., initial moisture content, particle size distribution, bulk density) influence the technical parameters (i.e., airflow temperature, rate, and speed) of the drying process and, hence, the energy demand. At the end of the drying process, 17% of water was removed for poplar wood chips and 31% for grapevine and black locust wood chips. To achieve this, result the three-biomass required 1.61 (poplar), 0.86 (grapevine), and 1.12 MJ kgdry solids−1 (black locust), with an efficiency of thermal drying (η) respectively of 37%, 12%, and 27%. In the future, the results obtained suggest an increase in the efficiency of the thermal insulation of the mobile dryer, and the application of the mobile dryer in a small farm, for the recovery of exhaust gases from thermal power plants.
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Ebadi AG, Hisoriev H. Gasification of algal biomass (Cladophora glomerata L.) with CO 2/H 2O/O 2 in a circulating fluidized bed. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:749-755. [PMID: 29141510 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1406538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gasification is one of the most important thermochemical routes to produce both synthesis gas (syngas) and chars. The quality of produced syngas wieldy depends on the operating conditions (temperature, residence time, heating rate, and gasifying agent), hydrodynamic properties of gasifier (particle size, minimum fluidization velocity, and gasifier size), and type of feedstock (coal, biomass, oil, and municipal solid wastes). In the present study, simulation of syngas production via circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification of algal biomass (Cladophora glomerata L.) at different gasifying agents and particle sizes was carried out, using Aspen Plus simulator. The model which has been validated by using experimental data of the technical literature was used to evaluate the influence of operating conditions on gas composition and performance parameters. The results show that biomass gasification using pure oxygen as the gasification agent has great potential to improve the caloric value of produced gas and performance indicators. It was also found that the produced gas caloric value, syngas yield, and performance parameters (CCE and CGE) increase with reaction temperature but are inversely proportional to the biomass particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi
- a Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Tajik Academy of Sciences , Dushanbe , Tajikistan
| | - Hikmat Hisoriev
- a Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Tajik Academy of Sciences , Dushanbe , Tajikistan
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Tursun Y, Xu S, Abulikemu A, Dilinuer T. Biomass gasification for hydrogen rich gas in a decoupled triple bed gasifier with olivine and NiO/olivine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:241-248. [PMID: 30347349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic steam gasification of biomass has been carried out in decoupled triple bed gasification (DTBG) system which consists of pyrolyzer, reformer and combustor. Olivine and NiO/olivine used as in-situ tar destruction catalyst. The result shows the gasification system with catalytic bed materials allows an option to improve tar removal that enhances H2 production. A gas yield of 1.59 Nm3/kg daf with H2 concentration of 56.1 vol% and tar content as low as 0.6 g/Nm3 has been achieved with the presence of NiO/olivine. Olivine and NiO/olivine reduced tar yield by 55% and 94% respectively compared to quartz. Gas yield, tar removal efficiency and water conversion enhanced by higher reformer temperature. The longer residences time of catalyst in reformer leads in-situ reduction of olivine and NiO/olivine that adds up in-situ tar reforming. Particularly, in-situ reduction of NiO to metallic Ni enhances tar and CH4 reforming reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalkunjan Tursun
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Shaoping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Coal Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Abulizi Abulikemu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Talifu Dilinuer
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Pradhan P, Arora A, Mahajani SM. A semi-empirical approach towards predicting producer gas composition in biomass gasification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:535-544. [PMID: 30391847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The paper provides a comparison of five distinct models, often used in thermodynamic equilibrium modeling that allows the study of feedstock effect on gasification process. The five models were thus formulated and solved using MATLAB software. The results were compared with published experimental data. The model based on equilibrium constant derived using methane formation reaction and water gas shift reaction showed comparatively better performance. Once the model was selected, the response surface analysis was employed to predict the parameters, such as reactor temperature and feedstock moisture content, for a maximum heating value of the producer gas. Simulations were performed for 50 different biomass feedstocks and simplified correlations were developed from simulated producer gas composition using multiple linear regression. These correlations may be suited for the quick comparison of different feedstocks in gasification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Pradhan
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Amit Arora
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Sanjay M Mahajani
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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de Andrés JM, Vedrenne M, Brambilla M, Rodríguez E. Modeling and model performance evaluation of sewage sludge gasification in fluidized-bed gasifiers using Aspen Plus. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2018; 69:1-11. [PMID: 30325261 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1500404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A model was developed to simulate the sewage sludge gasification in an atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier using Aspen Plus. The model here presented was based on the Gibbs free energy minimisation and the restricted equilibrium method was used to calibrate it against previously published experimental data obtained in a lab-scale gasification plant. A sensitivity analysis of the model was carried out by modifying parameters such as the temperature, equivalence ratio (ER) and the steam-to-biomass ratio. The modeled results were in good agreement with the experimental data (especially when air was used as gasifying agent) and reproduced satisfactorily the experimental trends found for the gas composition, the carbon conversion (Xc) and the cold gas efficiency (CGE) under different gasification conditions. Operating at higher temperatures increased the production of H2 and CO, as well as the Xc and the CGE. The increase in ER produced higher Xc, yet the CGE experienced slight changes due to a decrease in the lower heating value of the resulting syngas, as well as the oxidation of combustible gases. The use of air+steam as gasifying agent increased the H2 content of the produced gases but decreased the accuracy of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel de Andrés
- a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , ETSII, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Michel Vedrenne
- a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , ETSII, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) , Madrid , Spain
- b Air & Environment Quality , Ricardo Energy & Environment , London , United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Brambilla
- c Dipartimento di Chimica , Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Encarnación Rodríguez
- a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , ETSII, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) , Madrid , Spain
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14
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Bastos AK, Torres C, Mazumder A, de Lasa H. CO 2biomass fluidized gasification: Thermodynamics and reactivity studies. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kuhn Bastos
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B9
| | - Cindy Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering-CELEQ; Universidad de Costa Rica; San Jose Costa Rica
| | - A. Mazumder
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B9
| | - Hugo de Lasa
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC); Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5B9
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15
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Viereck S, Jovanovic Z, Haselbacher A, Steinfeld A. Investigation of Na2SO4 removal from a supercritical aqueous solution in a dip-tube salt separator. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Jain AA, Mehra A, Ranade VV. Modeling and simulation of a fluidized bed gasifier. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Powai 400076 India
- Industrial Flow Modeling Group; National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
| | - A. Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Powai 400076 India
| | - V. V. Ranade
- Industrial Flow Modeling Group; National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
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17
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Modeling and Experimental Study of a Small Scale Olive Pomace Gasifier for Cogeneration: Energy and Profitability Analysis. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gao W, Yan L, Tahmoures M, Asgari Safdar AH. Hydrogen Production from Co-Gasification of Coal and Biomass in the Presence of CaO as a Sorbent. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Yunnan Normal University; School of Information Science and Technology; Juxian Street 650500 Kunming China
| | - Li Yan
- Honghe University; School of Engineer; Xuefu Street 661100 Mengzi China
| | - Mohammad Tahmoures
- University of Tehran; College of Agriculture & Natural Resources; Daneshkadeh Ave. 7787131587 Karaj Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Asgari Safdar
- Islamic Azad University; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Baft Branch; University Boulevard 7851833987 Baft Iran
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Arora P, Hoadley AF, Mahajani SM, Ganesh A. Compartment model for a dual fluidized bed biomass gasifier. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Gülsaç I, Çetin Y, Engin B, Aksoy P, Karataş H, Sarıoğlan A. THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFERENT BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS: PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.287307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Gagliano A, Nocera F, Patania F, Bruno M, Castaldo DG. A robust numerical model for characterizing the syngas composition in a downdraft gasification process. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Guo H, Cheng Q, Jin Z, Wang D, Xu G, Liu Y. Thermochemical processing of fuels involving the use of molecular oxygen. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Properly introducing O2 into the thermochemical processing (TCP) of fuel is not simply just burning fuel. It can improve thermal efficiency, simplify TCP operation, reduce CO2 emission, help to utilize unminable energy resources, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Chemical Engineering of Liaoning Province
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang 110142
- PR China
| | - Qiuxiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Chemical Engineering of Liaoning Province
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang 110142
- PR China
| | - Ze Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Chemical Engineering of Liaoning Province
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang 110142
- PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Chemical Engineering of Liaoning Province
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang 110142
- PR China
| | - Guangwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology for Chemical Engineering of Liaoning Province
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang 110142
- PR China
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23
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Larsson A, Thunman H, Ström H, Sasic S. Experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of loop seals in a large-scale DFB system under hot conditions. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Larsson
- Div. of Energy Technology, Dept. of Energy and Environment; Chalmers University of Technology; SE-412 96 Goteborg Sweden
| | - Henrik Thunman
- Div. of Energy Technology, Dept. of Energy and Environment; Chalmers University of Technology; SE-412 96 Goteborg Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Div. of Energy Technology, Dept. of Energy and Environment; Chalmers University of Technology; SE-412 96 Goteborg Sweden
- Div. of Fluid Dynamics, Dept. of Applied Mechanics; Chalmers University of Technology; SE-412 96 Goteborg Sweden
| | - Srdjan Sasic
- Div. of Fluid Dynamics, Dept. of Applied Mechanics; Chalmers University of Technology; SE-412 96 Goteborg Sweden
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24
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Petersen AM, Farzad S, Görgens JF. Techno-economic assessment of integrating methanol or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a South African sugar mill. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 183:141-52. [PMID: 25727762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study considered an average-sized sugar mill in South Africa that crushes 300 wet tonnes per hour of cane, as a host for integrating methanol and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, through gasification of a combined flow of sugarcane trash and bagasse. Initially, it was shown that the conversion of biomass to syngas is preferably done by catalytic allothermal gasification instead of catalytic autothermal gasification. Thereafter, conventional and advanced synthesis routes for both Methanol and Fischer-Tropsch products were simulated with Aspen Plus® software and compared by technical and economic feasibility. Advanced FT synthesis satisfied the overall energy demands, but was not economically viable for a private investment. Advanced methanol synthesis is also not viable for private investment since the internal rate of return was 21.1%, because it could not provide the steam that the sugar mill required. The conventional synthesis routes had less viability than the corresponding advanced synthesis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Petersen
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Somayeh Farzad
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johann F Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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25
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Design, Optimization and Energetic Efficiency of Producing Hydrogen-Rich Gas from Biomass Steam Gasification. ENERGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/en8010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Analysis of Operation Parameters in a Dual Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifier Integrated with a Biomass Rotary Dryer: Development and Application of a System Model. ENERGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/en7074342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Milani M, Montorsi L, Stefani M. An integrated approach to energy recovery from biomass and waste: Anaerobic digestion-gasification-water treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:614-625. [PMID: 24946772 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14538307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The article investigates the performance of an integrated system for the energy recovery from biomass and waste based on anaerobic digestion, gasification and water treatment. In the proposed system, the organic fraction of waste of the digestible biomass is fed into an anaerobic digester, while a part of the combustible fraction of the municipal solid waste is gasified. Thus, the obtained biogas and syngas are used as a fuel for running a cogeneration system based on an internal combustion engine to produce electric and thermal power. The waste water produced by the integrated plant is recovered by means of both forward and inverse osmosis. The different processes, as well as the main components of the system, are modelled by means of a lumped and distributed parameter approach and the main outputs of the integrated plant such as the electric and thermal power and the amount of purified water are calculated. Finally, the implementation of the proposed system is evaluated for urban areas with a different number of inhabitants and the relating performance is estimated in terms of the main outputs of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Milani
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - L Montorsi
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Stefani
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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28
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Narobe M, Golob J, Klinar D, Francetič V, Likozar B. Co-gasification of biomass and plastics: pyrolysis kinetics studies, experiments on 100 kW dual fluidized bed pilot plant and development of thermodynamic equilibrium model and balances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:21-29. [PMID: 24736208 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of volatilization reaction kinetics for 50 wt.% mixtures of plastics (PE) and biomass (wood pellets) as well as for 100 wt.% plastics was conducted to predict decomposition times at 850°C and 900°C using iso-conversional model method. For mixtures, agreement with residence time of dual fluidized bed (DFB) reactor, treated as continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), was obtained at large conversions. Mono-gasification of plastics and its co-gasification with biomass were performed in DFB pilot plant, using olivine as heterogeneous catalyst and heat transfer agent. It was found that co-gasification led to successful thermochemical conversion of plastics as opposed to mono-gasification. Unknown flow rates were determined applying nonlinear regression to energy and mass balances acknowledging combustion fuel, air, steam, feedstock, but also exiting char, tar, steam and other components in DFB gasification unit. Water-gas shift equilibrium and methanol synthesis requirements were incorporated into gasification model, based on measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narobe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - J Golob
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - D Klinar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - V Francetič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - B Likozar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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29
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Mallapragada DS, Tawarmalani M, Agrawal R. Synthesis of augmented biofuel processes using solar energy. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohit Tawarmalani
- Krannert School of Management, Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
| | - Rakesh Agrawal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University; West Lafayette IN 47907
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30
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Simulation and experimental verification of a hydrodynamic model for a dual fluidized Bed gasifier. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Oreggioni GD, Friedrich D, Brandani S, Ahn H. Techno-Economic Study of Adsorption Processes for Pre-Combustion Carbon Capture at a Biomass CHP Plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Jana K, De S. Biomass Integrated Combined Power Plant with Post Combustion Co2 Capture – Performance Study by ASPEN Plus®. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Biomass Oxygen-Enriched Gasification in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed for Production of Middle/High Heat-Value Fuel Gas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For biomass gasification, the high tar and carbon monoxide contents and the low heat value of fuel gas are problems to be solved, which leading to the poor operating conditions of the completed projects in China. Therefore, a new technology of biomass oxygen-enriched gasification in pressurized fluidized bed is proposed. Coupling the technologies of pressurized biomass oxygen-enriched gasification at low temperature, high-temperature gasification and melting, steam reforming and hydrocarbon synthesis, the high gasification efficiency, tar cracking and gas reforming shall be realized, and the middle/high heat value gas which meets the national standards will be produced. ASPEN PLUS simulation was carried out for biomass oxygen-enriched gasification. Both the equivalent ratio and gas yield of rice husk are lower than that of the wood sawdust, while the gas calorific values are equivalent. Considering the gas yield, the calorific value and economy, the optimum operating conditions are obtained: the gasification temperature at 1200 °C, the oxygen purity at 0.9, the equivalent ratio at about 0.25, the S/B ratio at 0.1~0.2. The gas yield could reach 1.9 m3/kg, and the gas calorific value was above 11 MJ/m3.
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34
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Kern S, Pfeifer C, Hofbauer H. Gasification of wood in a dual fluidized bed gasifier: Influence of fuel feeding on process performance. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Gungor A, Yildirim U. Two dimensional numerical computation of a circulating fluidized bed biomass gasifier. Comput Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Calvo LF, Gil MV, Otero M, Morán A, García AI. Gasification of rice straw in a fluidized-bed gasifier for syngas application in close-coupled boiler-gasifier systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 109:206-214. [PMID: 22297044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility and operation performance of the gasification of rice straw in an atmospheric fluidized-bed gasifier was studied. The gasification was carried out between 700 and 850 °C. The stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (A/F) for rice straw was 4.28 and air supplied was 7-25% of that necessary for stoichiometric combustion. Mass and power balances, tar concentration, produced gas composition, gas phase ammonia, chloride and potassium concentrations, agglomeration tendencies and gas efficiencies were assessed. Agglomeration was avoided by replacing the normal alumina-silicate bed by a mixture of alumina-silicate sand and MgO. It was shown that it is possible to produce high quality syngas from the gasification of rice straw. Under the experimental conditions used, the higher heating value (HHV) of the produced gas reached 5.1 MJ Nm(-3), the hot gas efficiency 61% and the cold gas efficiency 52%. The obtained results prove that rice straw may be used as fuel for close-coupled boiler-gasifier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Calvo
- Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity, University of León, Avda. Portugal, 41, 24071 León, Spain.
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37
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Schubert M, Aubert J, Müller JB, Vogel F. Continuous salt precipitation and separation from supercritical water. Part 3: Interesting effects in processing type 2 salt mixtures. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Cohce MK, Dincer I, Rosen MA. Energy and exergy analyses of a biomass-based hydrogen production system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8466-8474. [PMID: 21724387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel biomass-based hydrogen production plant is investigated. The system uses oil palm shell as a feedstock. The main plant processes are biomass gasification, steam methane reforming and shift reaction. The modeling of the gasifier uses the Gibbs free energy minimization approach and chemical equilibrium considerations. The plant, with modifications, is simulated and analyzed thermodynamically using the Aspen Plus process simulation code (version 11.1). Exergy analysis, a useful tool for understanding and improving efficiency, is used throughout the investigation, in addition to energy analysis. The overall performance of the system is evaluated, and its efficiencies become 19% for exergy efficiency and 22% energy efficiency while the gasifier cold gas efficiency is 18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Cohce
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4
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39
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Tay DHS, Kheireddine H, Ng DKS, El-Halwagi MM, Tan RR. Conceptual Synthesis of Gasification-Based Biorefineries Using Thermodynamic Equilibrium Optimization Models. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2009185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H. S. Tay
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Houssein Kheireddine
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Denny K. S. Ng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Raymond R. Tan
- Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines
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40
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Salaices E, de Lasa H, Serrano B. Steam gasification of a cellulose surrogate over a fluidizable Ni/α-alumina catalyst: A kinetic model. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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42
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de Lasa H, Salaices E, Mazumder J, Lucky R. Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass: Catalysts, Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5404-33. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200024w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Lasa
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B8
| | - Enrique Salaices
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B8
| | - Jahirul Mazumder
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B8
| | - Rahima Lucky
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5B8
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43
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Jaojaruek K, Jarungthammachote S, Gratuito MKB, Wongsuwan H, Homhual S. Experimental study of wood downdraft gasification for an improved producer gas quality through an innovative two-stage air and premixed air/gas supply approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4834-4840. [PMID: 21292477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted experiments on three different downdraft gasification approaches: single stage, conventional two-stage, and an innovative two-stage air and premixed air/gas supply approach. The innovative two-stage approach has two nozzle locations, one for air supply at combustion zone and the other located at the pyrolysis zone for supplying the premixed gas (air and producer gas). The producer gas is partially bypassed to mix with air and supplied to burn at the pyrolysis zone. The result shows that producer gas quality generated by the innovative two-stage approach improved as compared to conventional two-stage. The higher heating value (HHV) increased from 5.4 to 6.5 MJ/Nm(3). Tar content in producer gas reduced to less than 45 mg/Nm(3). With this approach, gas can be fed directly to an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the gasification thermal efficiency also improved by approximately 14%. The approach gave double benefits on gas qualities and energy savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitipong Jaojaruek
- Energy Research Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering (ERLoME), Faculty of Engineering KPS, Kasetsart University, Khamphengsaen, Nakornpathom, Thailand.
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44
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Detournay M, Hemati M, Andreux R. Biomass steam gasification in fluidized bed of inert or catalytic particles: Comparison between experimental results and thermodynamic equilibrium predictions. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Xiao X, Meng X, Le DD, Takarada T. Two-stage steam gasification of waste biomass in fluidized bed at low temperature: parametric investigations and performance optimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1975-1981. [PMID: 20889337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Steam gasification of waste biomass has been studied in a two-stage fluidized bed reactor, which has the primary pyrolysis fluidized bed using silica sand as bed material and the secondary reforming fixed bed with catalyst. The main objectives are parametric investigation and performance improvement especially at low temperature of around 600 °C using the wood chip and the pig manure compost as feedstock. Main operating variables studied are pyrolysis temperature, catalytic temperature, steam/biomass-C ratio, space velocity and different catalyst. Reaction temperatures and steam/C ratio have important role on the gasification process. About 60 vol.% H2 (dry and N2 free) and about 2.0 Nm3/kg biomass (dry and ash free basis) can be obtained under good conditions. Compared to Ni/Al2O3, Ni/BCC (Ni-loaded brown coal char) has a better ability and a hopeful prospect for the stability with coking resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Xiao
- Gunma Industry Support Organization, Maebashi 371-0854, Japan.
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46
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Karmakar MK, Datta AB. Generation of hydrogen rich gas through fluidized bed gasification of biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1907-1913. [PMID: 20797847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the process of generating hydrogen rich syngas through thermo chemical fluidized bed gasification of biomass. The experiments were performed in a laboratory scale externally heated biomass gasifier. Rice husk had been taken as a representative biomass and, steam had been used as the fluidizing and gasifying media. A thermodynamic equilibrium model was used to predict the gasification process. The work included the parametric study of process parameters such as reactor temperature and steam biomass ratio which generally influence the percentage of hydrogen content in the product gas. Steam had been used here to generate nitrogen free product gas and also to increase the hydrogen concentration in syngas with a medium range heating value of around 12 MJ/Nm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Karmakar
- Thermal Engineering Group, Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CSIR), Durgapur 713209, India.
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47
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Modelling of fluidized bed biomass gasification in the quasi-equilibrium regime for preliminary performance studies of energy conversion plants. CHEMICAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING-INZYNIERIA CHEMICZNA I PROCESOWA 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/v10176-011-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Lahijani P, Zainal ZA. Gasification of palm empty fruit bunch in a bubbling fluidized bed: a performance and agglomeration study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2068-2076. [PMID: 20980143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gasification of palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was investigated in a pilot-scale air-blown fluidized bed. The effect of bed temperature (650-1050 °C) on gasification performance was studied. To explore the potential of EFB, the gasification results were compared to that of sawdust. Results showed that maximum heating values (HHV) of 5.37 and 5.88 (MJ/Nm3), dry gas yield of 2.04 and 2.0 (Nm3/kg), carbon conversion of 93% and 85 % and cold gas efficiency of 72% and 71 % were obtained for EFB and sawdust at the temperature of 1050 °C and ER of 0.25. However, it was realized that agglomeration was the major issue in EFB gasification at high temperatures. To prevent the bed agglomeration, EFB gasification was performed at temperature of 770±20 °C while the ER was varied from 0.17 to 0.32. Maximum HHV of 4.53 was obtained at ER of 0.21 where no agglomeration was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Lahijani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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Biomass Steam Gasification with In-Situ CO2 Capture for Enriched Hydrogen Gas Production: A Reaction Kinetics Modelling Approach. ENERGIES 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/en3081472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hannula I, Kurkela E. A semi-empirical model for pressurised air-blown fluidized-bed gasification of biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:4608-4615. [PMID: 20153170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A process model for pressurised fluidized-bed gasification of biomass was developed using Aspen Plus simulation software. Eight main blocks were used to model the fluidized-bed gasifier, complemented with FORTRAN subroutines nested in the programme to simulate hydrocarbon and NH(3) formation as well as carbon conversion. The model was validated with experimental data derived from a PDU-scale test rig operated with various types of biomass. The model was shown to be suitable for simulating the gasification of pine sawdust, pine and eucalyptus chips as well as forest residues, but not for pine bark or wheat straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Hannula
- Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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