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Sun Y, Fu S, Liu B. Asymmetric synthesis of the fully functionalized six-membered A-ring of siphonol A. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2958-2962. [PMID: 38483290 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic study toward the construction of the fully functionalized six-membered A-ring of siphonol A is described. The salient features include the introduction of a six-membered ring system through a HWE reaction, the construction of a stereocenter at C5 via a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction, and the installation of the fully functionalized six-membered A-ring of siphonol A through photolytic decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Zhang Y, Fu Y, Ruan J, Gao Q, Yang D, Wang D, Zhang Y, Wang T. Highly oxygenated diterpenoids in Clerodendranthus spicatus and their bioactivity, A review. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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The Potential of Lamiaceae Herbs for Mitigation of Overweight, Obesity, and Fatty Liver: Studies and Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155043. [PMID: 35956991 PMCID: PMC9370348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plants, plant extracts, and plant-derived compounds are being explored for their beneficial effects against overweight and liver diseases. Obesity is associated with the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), becoming the most common liver disease in Western countries. Obesity and NAFLD are closely associated with many other metabolic alternations such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs of the Lamiaceae family are widely employed as food and spices in the Mediterranean area, but also in folk medicine, and their use for the management of metabolic disorders is well documented. Hereby, we summarized the scientific results of the medicinal and nutraceutical potential of plants from the Lamiaceae family for prevention and mitigation of overweight and fatty liver. The evidence indicates that Lamiaceae plants may be a cost-effective source of nutraceuticals and/or phytochemicals to be used in the management of metabolic-related conditions such as obesity and NAFLD. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.
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Wang Q, Wang J, Li N, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhuang P, Chen H. A Systematic Review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020444. [PMID: 35056765 PMCID: PMC8781015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and chronic renal failure in southern China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and the number of diabetic patients in the world is increasing. This review aimed to systematically review the effects of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications and the pharmacodynamic material basis. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. (3) Results: Thirty-one articles related to O. stamineus and diabetes were included. The mechanisms of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly included inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating lipid metabolism, promoting insulin secretion, ameliorating insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake, promoting glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, promoting glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and antiglycation activity. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpenoids might be the main components for hypoglycemia effects in O. stamineus. (4) Conclusion: O. stamineus could be an antidiabetic agent to treat diabetes and its complications. However, it needs further study on a pharmacodynamic substance basis and the mechanisms of effective constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nannan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-2740-1483
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Nguyen PH, Tuan HN, Hoang DT, Vu QT, Pham MQ, Tran MH, To DC. Glucose Uptake Stimulatory and PTP1B Inhibitory Activities of Pimarane Diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120859. [PMID: 31835878 PMCID: PMC7017366 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven pimarane diterpenes (1–7) were isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. by assay-guided isolation. All of the isolates possessed a 2-deoxy-2-((7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino)-d-glucose uptake effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. Most of them showed potent inhibition against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with IC50 values ranging from 0.33 to 9.84 μM. In the kinetic study, all inhibition types were exposed for the examined potencies, including mixed-competitive (1), non-competitives (3 and 5), competitive (6), and uncompetitive (7). The results suggested that O. stamineus and its pimarane diterpenes might exert the hypoglycemic effect via the insulin signaling pathway targeting inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phi Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.H.N.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Huynh Nhu Tuan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong A University, 33 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Hai Chau District, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Duc Thuan Hoang
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 123106, Vietnam; (D.T.H.); (Q.T.V.)
| | - Quoc Trung Vu
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 123106, Vietnam; (D.T.H.); (Q.T.V.)
| | - Minh Quan Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research & Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, 158A Le Loi, Hai Chau, Danang 551000, Vietnam;
| | - Dao Cuong To
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.H.N.); (D.C.T.)
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In Vitro Regeneration and ISSR-Based Genetic Fidelity Analysis of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus has been widely used as traditional remedy for various illnesses and diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and epileptic seizures. In this study, direct regeneration through nodal segment of this species was attempted using Kinetin (6-Furfurylaminopurine) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Optimum regeneration media was identified as MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 Kin plus 0.5 mg L−1 IAA. This yielded the highest number of shoots (5.57 ± 0.42) and leaves (20.53 ± 1.91) per explant. Acclimatization of the resulting in vitro regenerants was successful in all potting mixtures tested. However, potting mixture PF (1:1:1 ratio of black soil/red soil/compost) was identified as the best medium for acclimatization of this species, as it yielded 100% survival percentage after 90 days of acclimatization. Ten in vitro regenerants of O. stamineus were randomly collected after the third subculture and subjected to genetic variation analysis using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Out of 20 ISSR markers tested, 10 working primers were observed to produce satisfactory amplification of bands, with an average of 7.11 bands per primer. A total of 610 bands were produced by the 10 primers. The percentage of polymorphism was observed to be very low, yielding only 7.32% polymorphism among all samples. Jaccard dissimilarity analysis was also conducted and very low genetic distance (about 0.1) was found among the in vitro regenerants and between the regenerants with the mother plant, thus ascertaining the clonal nature of the plantlets produced in this study.
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Retinasamy T, Shaikh MF, Kumari Y, Othman I. Ethanolic Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Improves Memory in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Model. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1216. [PMID: 31736744 PMCID: PMC6828736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative brain disease which is characterized by impairment in cognitive functioning. Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant found around Southeast Asia that has been employed as treatments for various diseases. OS extract contains many active compounds that have been shown to possess various pharmacological properties whereby in vitro studies have demonstrated neuroprotective as well as cholinesterase inhibitory effects. This study, therefore aimed at determining whether this Malaysian plant derived flavonoid can reverse scopolamine induced learning and memory dysfunction in the novel object recognition (NOR) test and the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. In the present study, rats were treated once daily with OS 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and donepezil 1 mg/kg via oral dosing and were given intraperitoneal (ip) injection of scopolamine 1 mg/kg daily to induce cognitive deficits. Rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess learning and memory functions and hippocampal tissues were extracted for gene expression and immunohistochemistry studies. All the three doses demonstrated improved scopolamine-induced impairment by showing shortened transfer latency as well as the higher inflexion ratio when compared to the negative control group. OS extract also exhibited memory-enhancing activity against chronic scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the long-term memory novel object recognition performance as indicated by an increase in the recognition index. OS extract was observed to have modulated the mRNA expression of CREB1, BDNF, and TRKB genes and pretreatment with OS extract were observed to have increased the immature neurons against hippocampal neurogenesis suppressed by scopolamine, which was confirmed by the DCX-positive stained cells. These research findings suggest that the OS ethanolic extract demonstrated an improving effect on memory and hence could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaarvena Retinasamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Ng ML, Rahmat ZB, Bin Omar MSS. Molecular Modeling and Simulation of Transketolase from Orthosiphon stamineus. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2018; 15:308-317. [PMID: 30345923 DOI: 10.2174/1573409914666181022141753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthosiphon stamineus is a traditional medicinal plant in Southeast Asia countries with various well-known pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, diuretics and antitumor activities. Transketolase is one of the proteins identified in the leaves of the plant and transketolase is believed able to lower blood sugar level in human through non-pancreatic mechanism. In order to understand the protein behavioral properties, 3D model of transketolase and analysis of protein structure are of obvious interest. METHODS In the present study, 3D model of transketolase was constructed and its atomic characteristics revealed. Besides, molecular dynamic simulation of the protein at 310 K and 368 K deciphered transketolase may be a thermophilic protein as the structure does not distort even at elevated temperature. This study also used the protein at 310 K and 368 K resimulated back at 310 K environment. RESULTS The results revealed that the protein is stable at all condition which suggest that it has high capacity to adapt at different environment not only at high temperature but also from high temperature condition to low temperature where the structure remains unchanged while retaining protein function. CONCLUSION The thermostability properties of transketolase is beneficial for pharmaceutical industries as most of the drug making processes are at high temperature condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Ng
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 (Skudai), Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Binti Rahmat
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 (Skudai), Johor, Malaysia
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Ashraf K, Sultan S, Adam A. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is an Outstanding Food Medicine: Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2018; 10:109-118. [PMID: 30237681 PMCID: PMC6142889 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_253_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a valued medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of this plant to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotection, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, cardioactive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activies. This review is a comprehensive summary of the presently available chemical, pharmacological investigations as well as the traditional and therapeutic uses of this plant. Important and different experimental data have been addressed along with a review of all phytochemicals identified in this plant, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils. O. stamineus has wide traditional and pharmacological uses in various pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, it is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ashraf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Atta-urRahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Atta-urRahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Aishah Adam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Abdul Majid F, Teh L, Sayid Abdullah S, Adawiyah Ahmad R, Taher M, Abd Wahid M. Preclinical evidence of Malay traditional herbal supplement for diabetes. ACTA HORTICULTURAE 2016:255-262. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2016.1125.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Effects of a Proprietary Standardized Orthosiphon stamineus Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Enhancing Memory in Sprague Dawley Rats Possibly via Blockade of Adenosine A 2A Receptors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:375837. [PMID: 26649059 PMCID: PMC4655036 DOI: 10.1155/2015/375837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore a propriety standardized ethanolic extract from leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth in improving impairments in short-term social memory in vivo, possibly via blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). The ethanolic extract of O. stamineus leaves showed significant in vitro binding activity of A2AR with 74% inhibition at 150 μg/ml and significant A2AR antagonist activity with 98% inhibition at 300 μg/mL. A significant adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist activity with 100% inhibition was observed at 300 μg/mL. Its effect on learning and memory was assessed via social recognition task using Sprague Dawley rats whereby the ethanolic extract of O. stamineus showed significant (p < 0.001) change in recognition index (RI) at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg p.o and 120 mg/kg i.p., respectively, compared to the vehicle control. In comparison, the ethanolic extract of Polygonum minus aerial parts showed small change in inflexion; however, it remained insignificant in RI at 200 mg/kg p.o. Our findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of O. stamineus leaves improves memory by reversing age-related deficits in short-term social memory and the possible involvement of adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A as a target bioactivity site in the restoration of memory.
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Singh MK, Gidwani B, Gupta A, Dhongade H, Kaur CD, Kashyap PP, Tripathi D. A Review of the Medicinal Plants of Genus Orthosiphon (Lamiaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2015.318.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mohamed EAH, Yam MF, Ang LF, Mohamed AJ, Asmawi MZ. Antidiabetic properties and mechanism of action of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth bioactive sub-fraction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2013; 6:31-40. [PMID: 23433053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular folk medicine widely used to treat many diseases including diabetes. Previous studies have shown that the sub-fraction of chloroform extract was able to inhibit the rise of blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test. This study was carried out to evaluate the chronic effect and possible mechanism of action of the bioactive chloroform sub-fraction of O. stamineus using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in vitro methods. Administration of the chloroform extract sub-fraction 2 (Cƒ2-b) at a dose of 1 g/kg twice daily on diabetic rats for 14 days showed a significant lowering (p < 0.05) of the final blood glucose level compared to the pretreatment level. However, there were no significant differences in the plasma insulin levels post-treatment compared to the pretreatment levels for all doses of Cƒ2-b. Conversely, Cƒ2-b at a concentration of 2 mg/mL significantly increased (p < 0.001) the glucose uptake by the rat diaphragm muscle. The increase in glucose uptake was also shown when the muscle was incubated in a solution containing 1 IU/mL of insulin or 1 mg/mL of metformin. Furthermore, the effect of this sub-fraction on glucose absorption in the everted rat jejunum showed that Cƒ2-b at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL and, 2 mg/mL significantly reduced the glucose absorption of the jejunum (p < 0.05-0.001). Similarly, the absorption of glucose was also inhibited by 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL of metformin (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the effect of Cƒ2-b may be due to extra-pancreatic mechanisms. There was no evidence that the plant extract stimulated the release of insulin in order to lower the blood glucose level.
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Kato-Noguchi H, Hamada N, Morita M, Suenaga K. A novel allelopathic substance, 13-epi-orthosiphol N, in Orthosiphon stamineus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1-5. [PMID: 22959328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus (Java tea) has been widely used as traditional herb and several bioactive compounds against animal cells have been isolated. However, no bioactive compound against plants has been reported. Therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic properties and substances in O. stamineus. Aqueous methanol extracts of O. stamineus inhibited root and hypocotyl growth of cress (Lepidium sativum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings. Increasing the extract concentration increased the inhibition, which suggests that O. stamineus may have allelopathic properties. When the extract was divided into an ethyl acetate and an aqueous fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the stronger inhibitory effect. Thus, the ethyl acetate phase was further purified, and the main allelopathic substance was isolated and identified as 13-epi-orthosiphol N, a novel compound, by spectral data. 13-epi-Orthosiphol N inhibited root and hypocotyl growth of cress and lettuce at concentrations greater than 10 μmol/L. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition ranged from 41 to 102 μmol/L. These results suggest that 13-epi-orthosiphol N may be an allelochemical and main contributor to the growth inhibitory effect of O. stamineus and may have potential as a template for the development of new plant control substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Asmawi MZ, Ibraheem ZO, Yam MF. Orthosiphon stamineus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. J Med Food 2012; 15:678-90. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Z. Ameer
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim M. Salman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zaid O. Ibraheem
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Antihyperglycemic effect of orthosiphon stamineus benth leaves extract and its bioassay-guided fractions. Molecules 2011; 16:3787-801. [PMID: 21544041 PMCID: PMC6263322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16053787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preliminary investigations were carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the leaves of O. stamineus extracted serially with solvents of increasing polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water); bioassay-guided purification of plant extracts using the subcutaneous glucose tolerance test (SbGTT) was also carried out. Only the chloroform extract, given at 1 g/kg body weight (b.w.), significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the blood glucose level of rats loaded subcutaneously with 150 mg/kg (b.w.) glucose. The active chloroform extract of O. stamineus was separated into five fractions using a dry flash column chromatography method. Out of the five fractions tested, only chloroform fraction 2 (Cƒ2), at the dose of 1 g/kg (b.w.) significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in SbGTT. Active Cƒ2 was split into two sub-fractions Cƒ2-A and Cƒ2-B, using a dry flash column chromatography method. The activities Cƒ2-A and Cƒ2-B were investigated using SbGTT, and the active sub-fraction was then further studied for anti-diabetic effects in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The results clearly indicate that Cƒ2-B fraction exhibited a blood glucose lowering effect in fasted treated normal rats after glucose-loading of 150 mg/kg (b.w.). In the acute streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, Cƒ2-B did not exhibit a hypoglycemic effect on blood glucose levels up to 7 hours after treatment. Thus, it appears that Cƒ2-B functions similarly to metformin, which has no hypoglycemic effect but demonstrates an antihyperglycemic effect only in normogycemic models. The effect of Cƒ2-B may have no direct stimulatory effects on insulin secretion or on blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. Verification of the active compound(s) within the active fraction (Cƒ2-B) indicated the presence of terpenoids and, flavonoids, including sinensitin.
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Adam Y, Somchit MN, Sulaiman MR, Nasaruddin AA, Zuraini A, Bustamam AA, Zakaria ZA. Diuretic properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:154-158. [PMID: 19375494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orthosiphon stamineus has been used in traditional medicine for centuries especially to treat diseases of the urinary system. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the diuretic activity, to elucidate its possible mechanism and to evaluate the renal effects of Orthosiphon stamineus extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extracts were administered orally at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg to Sprague-Dawley rats and the control groups were given commercial diuretic drugs either furosemide or hydrochlorthiazide at 10 mg/kg. Urine volume, urine pH, urine density and urine electrolytes were determined every hour for 4h. Blood was assayed for glucose, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. RESULTS O. stamineus extract exhibited dose-dependent diuretic activity. However, excretion of Na+ and Cl(-) was not markedly elevated, but urinary excretion of K+ was significantly increased. O. stamineus extracts slightly increased the serum BUN, creatinine and blood glucose level. Although these levels were statistically significant when compared to control, these levels were still within normal range. CONCLUSIONS O. stamineus exhibited diuretic activity, but was less potent than furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide. Care should be taken when consuming this herb as slight increase of kidney function enzymes was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Adam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Arafat OM, Tham SY, Sadikun A, Zhari I, Haughton PJ, Asmawi MZ. Studies on diuretic and hypouricemic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus methanol extracts in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:354-360. [PMID: 18602231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Orthosiphon stamineus (Labiatae) is a traditional folk medicine widely used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of several kidney disorders, gout and as a diuretic. This study was conducted to examine the diuretic and hypouricemic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The diuretic effect of different methanol extracts was examined by treating different groups of Sprague-Dawley rats with single (2g/kg) oral doses of methanol and methanol:water (1:1) extracts. Hydrochlorothiazide (10mg/kg) was used as positive control in acute study. Methanol and methanol water (1:1) extracts at 0.5 g/kg were administered for a period of 7 consecutive days. Cumulative urine volume and electrolytes (Na+ and K+) concentrations at different time intervals were measured. On the other hand, hypouricemic activity of methanol:water extract (1:1) was experimented using different oral single doses (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2g/kg). Allopurinol was used as positive control. Uric acid concentration in serum was analyzed by using RP-HPLC at 280 nm. RESULTS Sodium and potassium excretion increased significantly (p<0.05 and <0.01) in the first 8h of treatment with a single dose (2g/kg) of the extracts in a pattern comparable to that of the known diuretic hydrochlorothiazide. Meanwhile, repeated administration of 0.5 g/kg methanol:water (1:1) extract showed a significant increase in urine volume (from day 3 to day 7) (p<0.01) and electrolytes excretion (Na+ and K+) from day 2 to day 7 (p<0.05 and <0.01). On the other hand, 0.5, 1 and 2g/kg of methanol:water (1:1) extract and the standard allopurinol reduced the serum urate level in hyperuricemic rats at hour 6. CONCLUSION These results provided an evidence of the high tendency of methanol:water (1:1) extract of Orthosiphon stamineus towards diuretic and hypouricemic effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Arafat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Sadhu SK, Okuyama E, Fujimoto H, Ishibashi M. Diterpenes from Leucas aspera inhibiting prostaglandin-induced contractions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:988-94. [PMID: 16872130 DOI: 10.1021/np058118m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the inhibitory fraction of Leucas aspera on prostaglandin-induced contraction in guinea pig ileum provided four new diterpenes, leucasperones A (1) and B (2) and leucasperols A (3) and B (4), and three new isopimarane glycosides, leucasperosides A, B, and C (5-7), together with the known compounds asperphenamate, maslinic acid, (-)-isololiolide, and linifolioside. The structures of the compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The configurations of 1 and 2 and the acetylated derivatives of 3 and 4 were determined by differential NOE analysis and CD data. Leucasperone A (1), leucasperosides A (5) and B (6), and linifolioside showed inhibition of prostaglandin-induced contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Sadhu
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
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Chemometric Classification of Herb – Orthosiphon stamineus According to Its Geographical Origin Using Virtual Chemical Sensor Based Upon Fast GC. SENSORS 2003. [DOI: 10.3390/s31000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Kadota S. Inhibition of NO production by highly-oxygenated diterpenes of Orthosiphon stamineus and their structure-activity relationship. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:468-73. [PMID: 12673027 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implemented in various pathological processes. In the present study, 47 highly-oxygenated isopimarane-type and novel carbon framework staminane-type diterpenes isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus of Indonesia, Okinawa, Myanmar and Vietnam were evaluated for their inhibitory activity in NO production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage-like J774.1 cells. All the isolated diterpenes showed concentration-dependent inhibition of NO production in LPS-activated macrophage-like J774.1 cells, and based on the results, their structure-activity relationship were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Awale S, Tezuka Y, Banskota AH, Adnyana IK, Kadota S. Highly-oxygenated isopimarane-type diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus of Indonesia and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:268-75. [PMID: 12612410 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
From the methanolic extract of Indonesian Orthosiphon stamineus, nine new highly-oxygenated isopimarane-type diterpenes [7-O-deacetylorthosiphol B (1), 6-hydroxyorthosiphol B (2), 3-O-deacetylorthosiphol I (3), 2-O-deacetylorthosiphol J (4), siphonols A-E (5-9)] have been isolated together with nine known diterpenes [orthosiphols H (10), K (11), M (12) and N (13); staminols A (14) and B (15); neoorthosiphols A (16) and B (17); norstaminol A (18)]. Their structures were determined based on the spectroscopic data. The isolated diterpenes inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Compounds 4-7, 9, 10, 14, and 17 showed inhibitory activities more potent (IC(50), 10.8-25.5 microM) than a positive control N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; IC(50), 26.0 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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