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Modi P, Shah BM, Patel S. Interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE): A comprehensive review on discovery and development of caspase-1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115861. [PMID: 37857145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-1 is a critical mediator of the inflammatory process by activating various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as pro-IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33. Uncontrolled activation of caspase-1 leads to various cytokines-mediated diseases. Thus, inhibition of Caspase-1 is considered therapeutically beneficial to halt the progression of such diseases. Currently, rilonacept, canakinumab and anakinra are in use for caspase-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases. However, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of these peptides limits their use as therapeutic agents. Therefore, several peptidomimetic inhibitors have been developed, but only a few compounds (VX-740, VX-765) have advanced to clinical trials; because of their toxic profile. Several small molecule inhibitors have also been progressing based on the three-dimensional structure of caspase-1. However there is no successful candidate available clinically. In this perspective, we highlight the mechanism of caspase-1 activation, its therapeutic potential as a disease target and potential therapeutic strategies targeting caspase-1 with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University Ahmedabad - 382 210, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University Ahmedabad - 382 210, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Hu X, Jia M, Fu Y, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Lin Q. Novel Low-Toxic Derivative of Celastrol Maintains Protective Effect against Acute Renal Injury. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2652-2660. [PMID: 30023844 PMCID: PMC6045326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to novelly design and synthesize an amide derivative as a potential substitute of celastrol (CLT). We constituted the compound celastrol-glucosamine (CLG) by conjugating 1-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-glucosamine to celastrol (CLT) and confirmed its chemical structure by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS/MS. Then, the potential efficacy of the CLG was investigated on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury animal models. The results demonstrated that the decorated compound CLG could completely reverse the disease progression as same as CLT. Furthermore, the toxicity of CLG was also fully evaluated in rat blood, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and reproductive system. Compared to the performance of CLT on normal organs, CLG could remarkably maintain high safety and significantly reduce the side effects. Taken together, the CLG could keep the same efficacy as CLT while processing lower toxicity in vivo.
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3
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Das J, Sarkar A, Ghosh P. Friedelane triterpenoids: transformations toward A-ring modifications including 2-homoderivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00009c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Common reaction strategies were employed on suitable substrates to achieve a series of C2,C3-; C3,C4- and C2,C3,C4-functionalized (including 2-homo-) friedelane triterpenoids with just one to four efficient steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Das
- Natural Products and Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- North Bengal University
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
| | - Antara Sarkar
- Natural Products and Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- North Bengal University
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Natural Products and Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- North Bengal University
- Darjeeling-734013
- India
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Camelio AM, Johnson TC, Siegel D. Total Synthesis of Celastrol, Development of a Platform to Access Celastroid Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11864-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Camelio
- Chemistry
Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Trevor C. Johnson
- Chemistry
Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0657, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Chemistry
Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0657, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Pradhan N, Guha R, Chowdhury S, Nandi S, Konar A, Hazra S. Curcumin nanoparticles inhibit corneal neovascularization. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1095-106. [PMID: 25877858 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Corneal neovascularization is a leading cause for compromised vision. Therapeutic prevention of corneal neovascularization is a major clinical challenge, and there is a compelling need to seek effective and safe therapy for this pathology. This study is aimed to evaluate curcumin nanoparticle for prevention of corneal neovascularization. MePEG-PCL nanoparticles were successfully prepared and characterized. The nanoparticle of curcumin has shown increased efficiency in preventing angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Topical delivery of curcumin nanoparticle in the eye showed enhanced retention of curcumin in the cornea, and significant improvement in prevention of corneal neovascularization over free curcumin as graded clinically and by histopathology; suppression in the expression of VEGF, inflammatory cytokines, and MMP was evidenced in the treated cornea. Curcumin inhibited NFκB in LPS-induced corneal cells. Histopathology and scanning electron microscopy showed absence of any adverse change in the corneal structure following application of curcumin nanoparticle. Therefore, we conclude that curcumin nanoparticle can be a potential candidate for prevention of corneal neovascularization. KEY MESSAGE • Curcumin nanoparticles show enhanced retention of curcumin in the cornea. • Curcumin NPs suppress the expression of VEGF, inflammatory cytokines, and MMP. • Curcumin NPs prevent corneal neovascularization by suppressing the NFκB pathway. • Curcumin NPs may be a promising candidate for prevention of corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirparaj Pradhan
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68 Kshudiram Bose Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushovan Chowdhury
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudip Nandi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Konar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sarbani Hazra
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 & 68 Kshudiram Bose Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India.
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6
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The role of heat shock proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The therapeutic potential of Arimoclomol. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Shan WG, Zhang LW, Xiang JG, Zhan ZJ. Natural Friedelanes. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1392-434. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Ren J, Wu X, Liao N, Wang G, Fan C, Liu S, Ren H, Zhao Y, Li J. Prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside versus mesalazine. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:176-87. [PMID: 23569144 DOI: 10.1177/0300060512474744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore effectiveness and safety of polyglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) and mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA]) in preventing postoperative clinical and endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease. METHODS In this prospective, single-centre, single-blind study, postoperative Crohn's disease patients in remission were randomized to receive 1 mg/kg GTW daily, orally, or 4 g 5-ASA daily, orally, for 52 weeks. Patients underwent physical examinations, ileocolonoscopies and biochemical analyses at baseline and weeks 13, 26 and 52, or when clinical recurrence was suspected. Outcome measures were proportion of patients showing clinical or endoscopic recurrence at week 52, and changes in Rutgeerts' and Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were assigned to receive GTW and 18 to 5-ASA; two patients on GTW and one on 5-ASA were withdrawn. Clinical and endoscopic recurrences were less common in the GTW group (n = 4) versus the 5-ASA group (n = 9). There were improvements in Rutgeerts' scores for those taking GTW. Mean between-group CDAI scores were similar. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GTW appears to be an effective, well-tolerated prophylactic regimen, superior to oral 5-ASA, for preventing clinical and endoscopic recurrence in postsurgical Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Klaić L, Morimoto RI, Silverman RB. Celastrol analogues as inducers of the heat shock response. Design and synthesis of affinity probes for the identification of protein targets. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:928-37. [PMID: 22380712 DOI: 10.1021/cb200539u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The natural product celastrol (1) possesses numerous beneficial therapeutic properties and affects numerous cellular pathways. The mechanism of action and cellular target(s) of celastrol, however, remain unresolved. While a number of studies have proposed that the activity of celastrol is mediated through reaction with cysteine residues, these observations have been based on studies with specific proteins or by in vitro analysis of a small fraction of the proteome. In this study, we have investigated the spatial and structural requirements of celastrol for the design of suitable affinity probes to identify cellular binding partners of celastrol. Although celastrol has several potential sites for modification, some of these were not synthetically amenable or yielded unstable analogues. Conversion of the carboxylic acid functionality to amides and long-chain analogues, however, yielded bioactive compounds that induced the heat shock response (HSR) and antioxidant response and inhibited Hsp90 activity. This led to the synthesis of biotinylated celastrols (23 and 24) that were used as affinity reagents in extracts of human Panc-1 cells to identify Annexin II, eEF1A, and β-tubulin as potential targets of celastrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Klaić
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Biosciences, §Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, and ∥Chemistry of
Life Processes Institute and Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug
Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard I. Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Biosciences, §Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, and ∥Chemistry of
Life Processes Institute and Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug
Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Biosciences, §Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, and ∥Chemistry of
Life Processes Institute and Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug
Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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10
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Li Z, Yao L, Li J, Zhang W, Wu X, Liu Y, Lin M, Su W, Li Y, Liang D. Celastrol nanoparticles inhibit corneal neovascularization induced by suturing in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1163-73. [PMID: 22419865 PMCID: PMC3298384 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s27860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Celastrol, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis research. However, the poor water solubility of celastrol restricts its further application. This paper aims to study the effect of celastrol nanoparticles (CNPs) on corneal neovascularization (CNV) and determine the possible mechanism. METHODS To improve the hydrophilicity of celastrol, celastrol-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanopolymeric micelles were developed. The characterization of CNPs was measured by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Celastrol loading content and release were assessed by ultraviolet-visible analysis and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and capillary-like tube formation were assayed. In vivo, suture-induced CNV was chosen to evaluate the effect of CNPs on CNV in rats. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 assessed the macrophage infiltration of the cornea on day 6 after surgery. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels, respectively, of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the cornea. RESULTS The mean diameter of CNPs with spherical shape was 48 nm. The celastrol loading content was 7.36%. The release behavior of CNPs in buffered solution (pH 7.4) showed a typical two-phase release profile. CNPs inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-independent manner and suppressed the capillary structure formation. After treatment with CNPs, the length and area of CNV reduced from 1.16 ± 0.18 mm to 0.49 ± 0.12 mm and from 7.71 ± 0.94 mm(2) to 2.29 ± 0.61 mm(2), respectively. Macrophage infiltration decreased significantly in the CNP-treated corneas. CNPs reduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the cornea on day 6 after suturing. CONCLUSION CNPs significantly inhibited suture-induced CNV by suppressing macrophage infiltration and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the rat cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Klaić L, Trippier PC, Mishra RK, Morimoto RI, Silverman RB. Remarkable stereospecific conjugate additions to the Hsp90 inhibitor celastrol. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19634-7. [PMID: 22087583 DOI: 10.1021/ja208359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol, an important natural product and Hsp90 inhibitor with a wide range of biological and medical activities and broad use as a biological probe, acts by an as yet undetermined mode of action. It is known to undergo Michael additions with biological sulfur nucleophiles. Here it is demonstrated that nucleophiles add to the pharmacophore of celastrol in a remarkable stereospecific manner. Extensive characterization of the addition products has been obtained using NMR spectrometry, nuclear Overhauser effects, and density functional theory to determine facial selectivity and gain insight into the orbital interactions of the reactive centers. This stereospecificity of celastrol may be important to its protein target selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Klaić
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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12
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Zhang D, Xu L, Cao F, Wei T, Yang C, Uzan G, Peng B. Celastrol regulates multiple nuclear transcription factors belonging to HSP90's clients in a dose- and cell type-dependent way. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:939-46. [PMID: 20480272 PMCID: PMC3024068 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a novel HSP90 inhibitor, has recently attracted much attention due to its potential in multiple applications, such as anti-inflammation use, degenerative neuron disease relief, and tumor management. At present, the studies in celastrol's effects on HSP90's clients have focused on the kinase sub-population, while another key sub-population, nuclear transcription factors (TFs), is not being well-explored. In this study, we observe the effects of celastrol on 18 TFs (belonging to HSP90 clients) in three human cell lines: MCF-7 (breast cancer), HepG2 (hepatoma), and THP-1 (monocytic leukemia). The results show that at least half of the detectable TFs were affected by celastrol, though the effect patterns varied with cell type and dosage. Bi-directional regulations of some TFs were identified, a phenomenon not yet seen with other HSP90 inhibitors. Celastrol's capability to affect multiple TFs was consistent with its altering HSP90/TFs interactions and disrupting HSP90/Hop interaction, in addition to the reported damaging HSP90/Cdc37 interaction. This work confirms, for the first time, that celastrol has broad effects on TFs belonging to HSP90's clients, casts new light on understanding these reported actions, and suggests new possible applications for celastrol, such as diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghai Zhang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135 China
- U972, Inserm, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 12 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Limin Xu
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Fanfan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Tingxuan Wei
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135 China
| | - Chunxin Yang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Georges Uzan
- U972, Inserm, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 12 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Bin Peng
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135 China
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Peng B, Xu L, Cao F, Wei T, Yang C, Uzan G, Zhang D. HSP90 inhibitor, celastrol, arrests human monocytic leukemia cell U937 at G0/G1 in thiol-containing agents reversible way. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:79. [PMID: 20398364 PMCID: PMC2873437 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because some of heat shock protein 90's (HSP90) clients are key cell cycle regulators, HSP90 inhibition can affect the cell cycle. Recently, celastrol is identified both as a novel inhibitor of HSP90 and as a potential anti-tumor agent. However, this agent's effects on the cell cycle are rarely investigated. In this study, we observed the effects of celastrol on the human monocytic leukemia cell line U937 cell cycle. Results Celastrol affected the proliferation of U937 in a dose-dependent way, arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 with 400 nM doses and triggering cell death with doses above 1000 nM. Cell cycle arrest was accompanied by inhibition of HSP90 ATPase activity and elevation in HSP70 levels (a biochemical hallmark of HSP90 inhibition), a reduction in Cyclin D1, Cdk4 and Cdk6 levels, and a disruption of the HSP90/Cdc37/Cdk4 complex. The observed effects of celastrol on the U937 cell cycle were thiol-related, firstly because the effects could be countered by pre-loading thiol-containing agents and secondly because celastrol and thiol-containing agents could react with each other to form new compounds. Conclusions Our results disclose a novel action of celastrol-- causing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase based upon thiol-related HSP90 inhibition. Our work suggests celastrol's potential in tumor and monocyte-related disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Peng
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zhang T, Li Y, Yu Y, Zou P, Jiang Y, Sun D. Characterization of celastrol to inhibit hsp90 and cdc37 interaction. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:35381-9. [PMID: 19858214 PMCID: PMC2790967 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is required for the stabilization and conformational maturation of various oncogenic proteins in cancer. The loading of protein kinases to Hsp90 is actively mediated by the cochaperone Cdc37. The crucial role of the Hsp90-Cdc37 complex has made it an exciting target for cancer treatment. In this study, we characterize Hsp90 and Cdc37 interaction and drug disruption using a reconstituted protein system. The GST pull-down assay and ELISA assay show that Cdc37 binds to ADP-bound/nucleotide-free Hsp90 but not ATP-bound Hsp90. Celastrol disrupts Hsp90-Cdc37 complex formation, whereas the classical Hsp90 inhibitors (e.g. geldanamycin) have no effect. Celastrol inhibits Hsp90 ATPase activity without blocking ATP binding. Proteolytic fingerprinting indicates celastrol binds to Hsp90 C-terminal domain to protect it from trypsin digestion. These data suggest that celastrol may represent a new class of Hsp90 inhibitor by modifying Hsp90 C terminus to allosterically regulate its chaperone activity and disrupt Hsp90-Cdc37 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yanyan Li
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yanke Yu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Peng Zou
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Duxin Sun
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Li H, Zhang YY, Tan HW, Jia YF, Li D. Therapeutic effect of tripterine on adjuvant arthritis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:479-484. [PMID: 18577440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Tripterygium wilfordii Hoog f., a perennial vine, is used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This study was to determine whether tripterine, isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hoog f., had therapeutic effects on adjuvant arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was induced in rats on day 0. Tripterine 5, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1)day(-1), or prednisone 10 mg kg(-1)day(-1) was given to rats intragastrically from day 19 to day 24. RESULTS Tripterine significantly inhibited paw swelling and bone destruction in AA rats. Serum level of IgG anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis were also decreased by tripterine. The effects of tripterine were associated with decreased interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA expression in ankle joint synovial membrane and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression in homogenized paws from adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that tripterine had a therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Rabi T, Bishayee A. Terpenoids and breast cancer chemoprevention. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 115:223-39. [PMID: 18636327 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is defined as the use of natural or synthetic agents that reverse, suppress or arrest carcinogenic and/or malignant phenotype progression towards invasive cancer. Phytochemicals obtained from vegetables, fruits, spices, herbs and medicinal plants, such as terpenoids, carotenoids, flavanoids, phenolic compounds, and other groups of compounds have shown promise in suppressing experimental carcinogenesis in various organs. Recent studies have indicated that mechanisms underlying chemopreventive action may include combinations of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, and anti-hormone effects. Further, modification of drug-metabolizing enzymes, and influences on cell cycling and differentiation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of proliferation and angiogenesis that play a role in the initiation and secondary modification of neoplastic development, have also been under investigation as possible mechanisms. This review will highlight the biological effects of terpenoids as chemopreventive agents on breast epithelial carcinogenesis, and the utility of intermediate biomarkers as indicators of premalignancy. Selected breast chemoprevention trials are discussed with a focus on strategies for trial design, and clinical outcomes. Future directions in the field of chemoprevention are proposed based on recently acquired mechanistic insights into breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Rabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Li H, Li S, Zhang Y, Duan H. New Supercritical Fluid Extraction Treatment Method for Determination of Tripterine in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802039382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- a Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technologies of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , P. R. China
| | - Shufen Li
- a Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technologies of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- a Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technologies of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , P. R. China
| | - Hongquan Duan
- b College of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , P. R. China
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18
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Huang Y, Zhou Y, Fan Y, Zhou D. Celastrol inhibits the growth of human glioma xenografts in nude mice through suppressing VEGFR expression. Cancer Lett 2008; 264:101-6. [PMID: 18343027 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol, a compound purified from Tripterygium wilfordii whose preparations have been used for clinical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, has been demonstrated to have antiangiogenic activity, and be inhibitory against mice tumor growth by a few recent studies. However, whether its antiangiogenic activity plays a role in the celastrol-mediated suppression of tumor growth and the molecular basis of anti-tumor activity are poorly understood. In this study, we found that celastrol inhibited the growth of human glioma xenografts in mice, which concurred with the suppression of angiogenesis. Interestingly, while celastrol had no effect on either the expression of VEGF or its mRNA levels, celastrol treatment lowered the expression levels of its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) and their mRNA levels. These findings suggest that celastrol have potential to be used as an antiangiogenesis drug through its role in suppressing VEGF receptors expression that might consequently reduce the signal transduction between VEGF and VEGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Huang
- Department of neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.
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19
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Trott A, West JD, Klaić L, Westerheide SD, Silverman RB, Morimoto RI, Morano KA. Activation of heat shock and antioxidant responses by the natural product celastrol: transcriptional signatures of a thiol-targeted molecule. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:1104-12. [PMID: 18199679 PMCID: PMC2262981 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-10-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress response pathways allow cells to sense and respond to environmental changes and adverse pathophysiological states. Pharmacological modulation of cellular stress pathways has implications in the treatment of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The quinone methide triterpene celastrol, derived from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has numerous pharmacological properties, and it is a potent activator of the mammalian heat shock transcription factor HSF1. However, its mode of action and spectrum of cellular targets are poorly understood. We show here that celastrol activates Hsf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a similar effective concentration seen in mammalian cells. Transcriptional profiling revealed that celastrol treatment induces a battery of oxidant defense genes in addition to heat shock genes. Celastrol activated the yeast Yap1 oxidant defense transcription factor via the carboxy-terminal redox center that responds to electrophilic compounds. Antioxidant response genes were likewise induced in mammalian cells, demonstrating that the activation of two major cell stress pathways by celastrol is conserved. We report that celastrol's biological effects, including inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor activity, can be blocked by the addition of excess free thiol, suggesting a chemical mechanism for biological activity based on modification of key reactive thiols by this natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Trott
- *Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James D. West
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; and
| | - Lada Klaić
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Sandy D. Westerheide
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; and
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Richard I. Morimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; and
| | - Kevin A. Morano
- *Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
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20
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Chow AM, Brown IR. Induction of heat shock proteins in differentiated human and rodent neurons by celastrol. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 12:237-44. [PMID: 17915556 PMCID: PMC1971233 DOI: 10.1379/csc-269.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been termed protein misfolding disorders that are characterized by the neuronal accumulation of protein aggregates. Manipulation of the cellular stress-response involving induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in differentiated neurons offers a therapeutic strategy to counter conformational changes in neuronal proteins that trigger pathogenic cascades resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. Hsps are protein repair agents that provide a line of defense against misfolded, aggregation-prone proteins. These proteins are not induced in differentiated neurons by conventional heat shock. We have found that celastrol, a quinine methide triterpene, induced expression of a wider set of Hsps, including Hsp70B', in differentiated human neurons grown in tissue culture compared to cultured rodent neuronal cells. Hence the beneficial effect of celastrol against human neurodegenerative diseases may exceed its potential in rodent models of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari M Chow
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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21
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Ren J, Tao Q, Wang X, Wang Z, Li J. Efficacy of T2 in active Crohn's disease: a prospective study report. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:1790-7. [PMID: 17410440 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
To date few therapies have been shown to reliably prevent the evolution of Crohn's disease (CD). The traditional Chinese medicine, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has both immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Our aim was to investigate the potential efficacy of T2, the major constituent of extracts of TWHF, in inducing remission of active CD. Twenty adult patients with active CD were enrolled to be treated with T2 pills (60 mg daily) for 12 weeks. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-1beta were measured at entry and every 2 weeks thereafter until week 12. At each visit the CD Activity Index (CDAI) was calculated. The CD Endoscopic Index of Severity was measured at entry and week 12. Sixteen patients completed the study. A significant decrease in serum levels of CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta occurred rapidly after commencement of treatment. CDAI scores showed a rapid decline during the first 8 weeks and reached their lowest at week 10. Endoscopic improvements were observed at week 12. In conclusion, T2 appears to be effective for the treatment of mildly or moderately active CD. Further controlled studies are warranted for this promising drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
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22
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Abstract
Manipulation of the cellular stress response offers strategies to protect brain cells from damage induced by ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Overexpression of Hsp70 reduced ischemic injury in the mammalian brain. Investigation of the domains within Hsp70 that confers ischemic neuroprotection revealed the importance of the carboxyl-terminal domain. Arimoclomol, a coinducer of heat shock proteins, delayed progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a mouse model in which motor neurons in the spinal cord and motor cortex degenerate. Celastrol, a promising candidate as an agent to counter neurodegenerative diseases, induced expression of a set of Hsps in differentiated neurons grown in tissue culture. Heat shock "preconditioning" protected the nervous system at the functional level of the synapse and selective overexpression of Hsp70 enhanced the level of synaptic protection. Following hyperthermia, constitutively expressed Hsc70 increased in synapse-rich areas of the brain where it associates with Hsp40 to form a complex that can refold denatured proteins. Stress tolerance in neurons is not solely dependent on their own Hsps but can be supplemented by Hsps from adjacent glial cells. Hence, application of exogenous Hsps at neural injury sites is an effective strategy to maintain neuronal viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Brown
- Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
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23
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Sethi G, Ahn KS, Pandey MK, Aggarwal BB. Celastrol, a novel triterpene, potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis and suppresses invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB-regulated gene products and TAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Blood 2007; 109:2727-35. [PMID: 17110449 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-10-050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene derived from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has been used to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but its mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of celastrol on cellular responses activated by TNF, a potent proinflammatory cytokine. Celastrol potentiated the apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents and inhibited invasion, both regulated by NF-kappaB activation. We found that TNF induced the expression of gene products involved in antiapoptosis (IAP1, IAP2, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, c-FLIP, and survivin), proliferation (cyclin D1 and COX-2), invasion (MMP-9), and angiogenesis (VEGF) and that celastrol treatment suppressed their expression. Because these gene products are regulated by NF-kappaB, we postulated that celastrol mediates its effects by modulating the NF-kappaB pathway. We found that celastrol suppressed both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation. Celastrol was found to inhibit the TNF-induced activation of IkappaBalpha kinase, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation, and NF-kappaB-mediated reporter gene expression. Recent studies indicate that TNF-induced IKK activation requires activation of TAK1, and we indeed found that celastrol inhibited the TAK1-induced NF-kappaB activation. Overall, our results suggest that celastrol potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis and inhibits invasion through suppression of the NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sethi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Kiaei M, Kipiani K, Petri S, Chen J, Calingasan NY, Beal MF. Celastrol blocks neuronal cell death and extends life in transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEURODEGENER DIS 2006; 2:246-54. [PMID: 16909005 DOI: 10.1159/000090364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that both inflammation and oxidative damage contribute to the pathogenesis of motor neuron degeneration in the G93A SOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Celastrol is a natural product from Southern China, which exerts potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. It also acts potently to increase expression of heat shock proteins including HSP70. We administered it in the diet to G93A SOD1 mice starting at 30 days of age. Celastrol treatment significantly improved weight loss, motor performance and delayed the onset of ALS. Survival of celastrol-treated G93A mice increased by 9.4% and 13% for 2 mg/kg/day and 8 mg/kg/day doses, respectively. Cell counts of lumbar spinal cord neurons confirmed a protective effect, i.e. 30% increase in neuronal number in the lumbar spinal cords of celastrol-treated animals. Celastrol treatment reduced TNF-alpha, iNOS, CD40, and GFAP immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord sections of celastrol-treated G93A mice compared to untreated G93A mice. TNF-alpha immunoreactivity co-localized with SMI-32 (neuronal marker) and GFAP (astrocyte marker). HSP70 immunoreactivity was increased in lumbar spinal cord neurons of celastrol-treated G93A mice. Celastrol has been widely used in treating inflammatory diseases in man, and is well tolerated; therefore, it may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of human ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kiaei
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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25
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Dzubak P, Hajduch M, Vydra D, Hustova A, Kvasnica M, Biedermann D, Markova L, Urban M, Sarek J. Pharmacological activities of natural triterpenoids and their therapeutic implications. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:394-411. [PMID: 16741586 DOI: 10.1039/b515312n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dzubak
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University and Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic
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26
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He W, Gavai A, Huang FC, Regan J, Hanney B, Poli G, Bruno J, Chan WK, Djuric SW, Yu KT, Zilberstein A. Novel cytokine release inhibitors. Part IV: analogs of podocarpic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:469-74. [PMID: 10091704 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Podocarpic acid derivatives as cytokine (IL-1beta) release inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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27
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He W, Huang FC, Gavai A, Chan WK, Amato G, Yu KT, Zilberstein A. Novel cytokine release inhibitors. Part III: Truncated analogs of tripterine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:3659-64. [PMID: 9934491 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Truncated analogs of tripterine as cytokine (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8) release inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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28
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He W, Huang FC, Morytko M, Jariwala N, Yu KT. Novel cytokine release inhibitors. Part II: Steroids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2825-8. [PMID: 9873630 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal derivatives as IL-1 beta release inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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