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Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Zhang H, Wang X. Health benefits of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols: an exploration beyond 4-desmethyl phytosterols. Food Funct 2020; 11:93-110. [PMID: 31804642 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Dimethyl phytosterols possess two methyl groups at the carbon-4 atom of the aliphatic A-ring. The methyl groups are crucial for the molecular recognition of endogenous and exogenous bioactive compounds. Phytosterols have received worldwide attention owing to their recognized health benefits. However, 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols are less appreciated. Recent research studies revealed that 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols exert numerous beneficial effects on disease prevention, and are particularly involved in the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). The purpose of this review is to summarize and highlight the currently available information regarding the structures and sources of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols, and to provide detailed preclinical studies performed to evaluate their potential for treating various diseases. Future research on 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols is warranted to confirm their relationship with the ECS, and to elucidate the mechanism directly toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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2
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Cannabinoid receptor 1 ligands revisited: Pharmacological assessment in the ACTOne system. Anal Biochem 2016; 498:8-28. [PMID: 26772161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cannabinoid pharmacology has evolved over time from simple receptor binding to include [(35)S]GTPγ, β-arrestin, and cAMP assays. Each assay has benefits and drawbacks; however, no single functional system has been used for high-throughput evaluation of compounds from binding to pharmacological functionality and antagonist assessment in a well-characterized human cell line. In this study, we evaluated and validated one system-ACTOne human embryonic kidney cells transfected with a cyclic nucleotide gated channel and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1)-and compared human CB1 affinity, functional, and antagonistic effects on cAMP with previously published results. The study was conducted on a diverse group of CB1 ligands, including endocannabinoids and related compounds, 2-AG, AEA, MAEA, and ACEA, the phytocannabinoid Δ(9) THC, and synthetic cannabinoids CP 55,940, WIN 55,212-2, SR 141716A, CP 945,598, and WIN 55,212-3. Our results were compared with literature values where human CB1 was used for affinity determination and cAMP was used as a functional readout. Here we report the first detailed evaluation of the ACTOne assay for the pharmacological evaluation of CB1 ligands. The results from the study reveal some interesting deviations from previously reported functional activities of the aforementioned ligands.
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3
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Prospective therapeutic agents for obesity: Molecular modification approaches of centrally and peripherally acting selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:298-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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4
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Payen O, Top S, Vessières A, Brulé E, Plamont MA, McGlinchey MJ, Müller-Bunz H, Jaouen G. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of the first ferrocenyl-aryl-hydantoin derivatives of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen nilutamide. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1791-9. [PMID: 18303829 DOI: 10.1021/jm701264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present here the first synthesis of organometallic complexes derived from the nonsteroidal antiandrogen nilutamide, bearing a ferrocenyl substituent at position N(1) or at C(5) of the hydantoin ring; for comparison, we also describe the C(5) p-anisyl organic analogue. All of these complexes retain a modest affinity for the androgen receptor. The N-substituted complexes show a weak or moderate antiproliferative effect (IC 50 around 68 microM) on hormone-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells, while the C(5)-substituted compounds exhibit toxicity levels 10 times higher (IC 50 around 5.4 microM). This strong antiproliferative effect is probably due to a structural effect linked to the aromatic character of the ferrocene rather than to its organometallic feature. In addition, it seems connected to a cytotoxic effect rather than an antihormonal one. These results open the way toward a new family of molecules that are active against both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Payen
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France
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5
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Wang J, Hu X, Jiang J, Gou S, Huang X, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Activation oftropos 2,2′-Biphenol with Cinchonine Generates an Effective Catalyst for the Asymmetric Strecker Reaction ofN-Tosyl-Protected Aldimines and Ketoimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Wang J, Hu X, Jiang J, Gou S, Huang X, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric Activation oftropos 2,2′-Biphenol with Cinchonine Generates an Effective Catalyst for the Asymmetric Strecker Reaction ofN-Tosyl-Protected Aldimines and Ketoimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8468-70. [PMID: 17768752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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7
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Peretto I, Forlani R, Fossati C, Giardina GAM, Giardini A, Guala M, La Porta E, Petrillo P, Radaelli S, Radice L, Raveglia LF, Santoro E, Scudellaro R, Scarpitta F, Bigogno C, Misiano P, Dondio GM, Rizzi A, Armani E, Amari G, Civelli M, Villetti G, Patacchini R, Bergamaschi M, Delcanale M, Salcedo C, Fernández AG, Imbimbo BP. Discovery of diaryl imidazolidin-2-one derivatives, a novel class of muscarinic M3 selective antagonists (Part 1). J Med Chem 2007; 50:1571-83. [PMID: 17352462 DOI: 10.1021/jm061159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacophore-based structural identification, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a new class of muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists, the diaryl imidazolidin-2-one derivatives, are described. The versatility of the discovered scaffold allowed for several structural modifications that resulted in the discovery of two distinct classes of compounds, specifically a class of tertiary amine derivatives (potentially useful for the treatment of overactive bladder by oral administration) and a class of quaternary ammonium salt derivatives (potentially useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases by the inhalation route of administration). In this paper, we describe the synthesis and biological activity of tertiary amine derivatives. For these compounds, selectivity for the M3 receptor toward the M2 receptor was crucial, because the M2 receptor subtype is mainly responsible for adverse systemic side effects of currently marketed muscarinic antagonists. Compound 50 showed the highest selectivity versus M2 receptor, with binding affinity for M3 receptor Ki = 4.8 nM and for M2 receptor Ki = 1141 nM. Functional in vitro studies on selected compounds confirmed the antagonist activity toward the M3 receptor and functional selectivity toward the M2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peretto
- NiKem Research, Via Zambeletti 25, 20021 Baranzate, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Muccioli GG, Fazio N, Scriba GKE, Poppitz W, Cannata F, Poupaert JH, Wouters J, Lambert DM. Substituted 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones and imidazolidine-2,4-diones as fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors templates. J Med Chem 2006; 49:417-25. [PMID: 16392827 DOI: 10.1021/jm050977k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The demonstration of the essential role of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in hydrolyzing endogenous bioactive fatty acid derivatives has launched the quest for the discovery of inhibitors for this enzyme. Along this line, a set of 58 imidazolidine-2,4-dione and 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives was evaluated as FAAH inhibitors. Among these compounds, 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione and 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives were previously described as CB(1) cannabinoid receptor ligands. In the present study, we synthesized several derivatives exhibiting interesting FAAH inhibitory activity and devoid of affinity for the CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors. For instance, 3-heptyl-5,5'-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (14) and 5,5'-diphenyl-3-tetradecyl-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one (46) showed pI(50) values of 5.12 and 5.94, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that even though several 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one and 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives have been previously shown to behave as CB(1) cannabinoid receptor ligands, appropriate substitutions of these templates can result in FAAH inhibitors devoid of affinity for the cannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio G Muccioli
- Unité de Chimie pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, UCL-CMFA 7340, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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9
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Muccioli GG, Wouters J, Charlier C, Scriba GKE, Pizza T, Di Pace P, De Martino P, Poppitz W, Poupaert JH, Lambert DM. Synthesis and Activity of 1,3,5-Triphenylimidazolidine-2,4-diones and 1,3,5-Triphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones: Characterization of New CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Inverse Agonists/Antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:872-82. [PMID: 16451053 DOI: 10.1021/jm050484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome, along with drug dependence (nicotine, alcohol, opiates), are two of the major therapeutic applications for CB(1) cannabinoid receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. In the present study, we report the synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of 1,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione and 1,3,5-triphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives. These new 1,3,5-triphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives and their thio isosteres were obtained by an original pathway and exhibited interesting affinity and selectivity for the human CB(1) cannabinoid receptor. A [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding assay revealed the inverse agonist properties of the compounds at the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies were conducted in order to delineate the binding mode of this series of derivatives into the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor. 1,3-Bis(4-bromophenyl)-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (25) and 1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (23) are the imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives possessing the highest affinity for the human CB(1) cannabinoid receptor reported to date.
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MESH Headings
- Amidohydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Humans
- Imidazolidines/chemical synthesis
- Imidazolidines/chemistry
- Imidazolidines/pharmacology
- Imidazolines/chemical synthesis
- Imidazolines/chemistry
- Imidazolines/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio G Muccioli
- Unité de Chimie pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, UCL-CMFA 7340, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Adam J, Cowley PM, Kiyoi T, Morrison AJ, Mort CJW. Recent progress in cannabinoid research. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:207-329. [PMID: 16697899 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adam
- Organon Research, Newhouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
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11
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Stern E, Muccioli GG, Millet R, Goossens JF, Farce A, Chavatte P, Poupaert JH, Lambert DM, Depreux P, Hénichart JP. Novel 4-Oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide Derivatives as New CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors Agonists: Synthesis, Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Modeling. J Med Chem 2005; 49:70-9. [PMID: 16392793 DOI: 10.1021/jm050467q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data indicated that the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor constitutes an attractive drug target due to its potential functional role in several physiological and pathological processes. A set of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives, characterized by the presence of some important structural requirements exhibited by other classes of cannabinoid ligands, such as an aliphatic or aromatic carboxamide group in position 3, and an alkyl or benzyl group in position 1, was synthesized and assayed to measure their respective affinity for both human CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors. The results indicate that these 3-carboxamido-quinolones derivatives exhibited a CB(2) receptor selectivity, particularly derivatives 28-30, and 32R. Moreover, in the [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding assay, all the compounds behaved as CB(2) receptor agonists. Molecular modeling studies showed that compound 30 interacts with the CB(2) receptor through a combination of hydrogen bond and aromatic/hydrophobic interactions. In conclusion, 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives constitute a new class of potent and selective CB(2) cannabinoid receptors agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stern
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université de Lille 2, EA 2692, 3 rue du Pr. Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille, France
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12
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Lambert DM, Fowler CJ. The Endocannabinoid System: Drug Targets, Lead Compounds, and Potential Therapeutic Applications. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5059-87. [PMID: 16078824 DOI: 10.1021/jm058183t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didier M Lambert
- Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 73 Avenue Mounier, UCL-CMFA 73.40, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Govaerts SJ, Muccioli GG, Hermans E, Lambert DM. Characterization of the pharmacology of imidazolidinedione derivatives at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 495:43-53. [PMID: 15219819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacology of 3-(2-ethylmorpholino)-5,5'-di(p-bromophenyl)-imidazolidinedione (DML20), 3-(1-hydroxypropyl)-5,5'-di(p-bromophenyl)-imidazolidinedione (DML21) and 3-heptyl-5,5'-di(p-bromophenyl)-imidazolidinedione (DML23) was extended by studying affinity and GTP binding modulation on cannabinoid receptor subtypes (CB1 and CB2) from rat tissues and human cannabinoid receptors expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. Competitive binding studies indicated that DML20, DML21 and DML23 are selective ligands for cannabinoid CB1 receptors. In rat cerebellum homogenates, DML20, DML21 and DML23 were unable to influence [35S]GTPgammaS binding but competitively inhibit HU 210-induced [35S]GTPgammaS binding (pKB of 6.11 +/- 0.14, 6.25 +/- 0.06 and 5.74 +/- 0.09, respectively), indicating that they act as cannabinoid CB1 receptor neutral antagonists. However, in CHO cells homogenates expressing selectively either human cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors, they behaved as inverse agonists decreasing the [35S]GTPgammaS binding, with similar efficacy. In conclusion, these derivatives exhibit different activities (neutral antagonism and inverse agonism) in the different models of cannabinoid receptors studied.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cerebellum/drug effects
- Cerebellum/metabolism
- Cerebellum/pathology
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology
- Humans
- Imidazolidines/pharmacology
- Male
- Molecular Structure
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Sulfur Radioisotopes
- Transfection/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Govaerts
- Unité de Chimie pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie (73.40) Ecole de Pharmacie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 73, Avenue E. Mounier, UCL-CMFA 7340, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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14
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Muccioli GG, Martin D, Scriba GKE, Poppitz W, Poupaert JH, Wouters J, Lambert DM. Substituted 5,5'-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one as CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligands: synthesis and pharmacological evaluation. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2509-17. [PMID: 15801840 DOI: 10.1021/jm049263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of 30 substituted 5,5'-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (thiohydantoins) derivatives was synthesized, and their affinity for the human CB(1) cannabinoid receptor has been evaluated. These compounds are derived from the previously described cannabinoid ligands 5,5'-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoins). The replacement of the oxygen by a sulfur leads to an increase of the affinity while the function-i.e., inverse agonism-determined by [(35)S]GTPgammaS experiments remains unaffected. Finally, to evaluate the molecular parameters that could influence the affinity of the thiohydantoins, molecular electrostatic potential as well as lipophilicity calculations were undertaken on representative thiohydantoins and hydantoins derivatives. In conclusion, 5,5'-bis-(4-iodophenyl)-3-butyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (31) and 3-allyl-5,5'-bis(4-bromophenyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (32) possess the highest affinity for the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor described to date for the hydantoin and thiohydantoins series when compared in a same bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio G Muccioli
- Unité de Chimie Pharmaceutique et de Radiopharmacie, Ecole de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, UCL-CMFA 7340, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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15
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Goya P, Jagerovic N. Recent advances in cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.10.10.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Muccioli GG, Poupaert JH, Wouters J, Norberg B, Poppitz W, Scriba GK, Lambert DM. A rapid and efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of hydantoins and thiohydantoins. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Stoit AR, Lange JHM, Hartog APD, Ronken E, Tipker K, Stuivenberg HHV, Dijksman JAR, Wals HC, Kruse CG. Design, synthesis and biological activity of rigid cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1109-13. [PMID: 12192147 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological activities of potent pyrazole-based tricyclic CB1 receptor antagonists (2) are described. The key synthetic step involves the ring closure of the lithiated alpha, gamma-keto ester adduct (4). The optimal nitroderivative (28) in this series exhibits a high CB1 receptor affinity (pKi=7.2) as well as very potent antagonistic activity (pA2=8.8) in vitro. The regioselectivity of the pyrazole ring closure is shown to depend strongly on the aromatic substitution pattern of the applied arylhydrazine.
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18
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Ooms F, Wouters J, Oscari O, Happaerts T, Bouchard G, Carrupt PA, Testa B, Lambert DM. Exploration of the pharmacophore of 3-alkyl-5-arylimidazolidinediones as new CB(1) cannabinoid receptor ligands and potential antagonists: synthesis, lipophilicity, affinity, and molecular modeling. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1748-56. [PMID: 11960486 DOI: 10.1021/jm010896y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of 29 3-alkyl 5-arylimidazolidinediones (hydantoins) with affinity for the human cannabinoid CB(1) receptor was studied for their lipophilicity and conformational properties in order to delineate a pharmacophore. These molecules constitute a new template for cannabinoid receptor recognition, since (a) their structure differs from that of classical cannabinoid ligands and (b) antagonism is the mechanism of action of at least three compounds (20, 21, and 23). Indeed, in the [(35)S]-GTP gamma S binding assay using rat cerebellum homogenates, they behave as antagonists without any inverse agonism component. Using a set of selected compounds, experimental lipophilicity was measured by RP-HPLC and calculated by a fragmental method (CLOGP) and a conformation-dependent method (CLIP based on the molecular lipophilicity potential). These approaches revealed two models which differentiate the binding mode of nonpolar and polar hydantoins and which could explain, at least for compounds 20, 21, and 23, the mechanism of action of this new family of cannabinoid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ooms
- Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Ecole de Pharmacie, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Kartozia I, Kanyonyo M, Happaerts T, Lambert DM, Scriba GKE, Chankvetadze B. Comparative HPLC enantioseparation of new chiral hydantoin derivatives on three different polysaccharide type chiral stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 27:457-65. [PMID: 11755747 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enantioseparation of eighteen new chiral hydantoin derivatives was studied on three different polysaccharide type chiral stationary phases (CSP) Chiralpak AD, Chiralcel OD and Chiralcel OJ in the normal-phase HPLC mode. Chiralpak AD material exhibited the most universal chiral resolving ability and allowed the enantioseparation of 17 out of 18 compounds followed by Chiralcel OD (10 enantioseparations of 12 tested compounds) and Chiralcel OJ (eight enantioseparation from 13 tested analytes). Some complementary separations were observed and all of 18 compounds could be resolved at least with one of the three chiral CSP under the conditions of this study. With regard to the structure of the analytes, bulky electron rich substituents at C5 of the hydantoin nucleus appear to favor stereoselective interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Kartozia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, 48149 Münster, Germany
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