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Latli B, Gao A, Kvaternick V, Tecle B, Pennino S, Yee NK, Song J. Synthesis of stable isotope-labelled firocoxib. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:386-392. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bachir Latli
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Ridgefield Connecticut USA
| | - Amy Gao
- Material and Analytical Sciences; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Ridgefield Connecticut USA
| | | | - Berhane Tecle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health; North Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Scott Pennino
- Material and Analytical Sciences; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Ridgefield Connecticut USA
| | - Nathan K. Yee
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Ridgefield Connecticut USA
| | - Jeff Song
- Chemical Development; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Ridgefield Connecticut USA
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Qin Z, Xi Y, Zhang S, Tu G, Yan A. Classification of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1988-2008. [PMID: 30762371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the classification study conducted on the biggest COX-2 inhibitor data set so far. Using 2925 diverse COX-2 inhibitors collected from 168 pieces of literature, we applied machine learning methods, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), to develop 12 classification models. The best SVM and RF models resulted in MCC values of 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. The 2925 COX-2 inhibitors were reduced to a data set of 1630 molecules by removing intermediately active inhibitors, and 12 new classification models were constructed, yielding MCC values above 0.72. The best MCC value of the external test set was predicted to be 0.68 by the RF model using ECFP_4 fingerprints. Moreover, the 2925 COX-2 inhibitors were clustered into eight subsets, and the structural features of each subset were investigated. We identified substructures important for activity including halogen, carboxyl, sulfonamide, and methanesulfonyl groups, as well as the aromatic nitrogen atoms. The models developed in this study could serve as useful tools for compound screening prior to lab tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 53, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Yao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 53, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Shengde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 53, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Guiping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 53, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Aixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P.O. Box 53, 15 BeiSanHuan East Road , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
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Xi Y, Qin Z, Yan A. SAR and QSAR models of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 29:755-784. [PMID: 30274533 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2018.1513952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is one isoform of COX, and it is a main target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is important to develop efficient and selective COX-1 inhibitors. In this work, 12 classification models for 1530 cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors were built by support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) methods. The best classification model (model 1A) was built by SVM with MACCS fingerprints. The classification accuracies for the training and test sets were 99.67% and 97.39%, respectively. The Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of the test set was 0.94. We also divided the 1530 COX-1 inhibitors into nine subsets according to their different scaffolds using Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM). In addition, six quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for 181 COX-1 inhibitors whose IC50 were measured by enzyme immunoassay were built by multiple linear regression (MLR) and SVM. The best QSAR model (model 5A) was built by SVM with CORINA Symphony descriptors. The correlation coefficients of the training and test sets are 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. The models built in this study can be obtained from the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xi
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P. R . China
| | - Z Qin
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P. R . China
| | - A Yan
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , P. R . China
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Shanmuganathan T, Venugopal M, Parthasarathy K, Dhatchanamoorthy N, Arun Y, Prince AAM. Synthesis of novel bis-allyloxy and hydroxypropoxy derivatives of 4, 5-diaryl thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and their biological evaluation. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Shirvani G, Shockravi A, Amini M, Saemian N. Synthesis of 2-(methylsulfonyl)-5-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-[5-(14)C]imidazole, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, via asymmetrical benzoins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:153-6. [PMID: 26916231 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Diarylimidazoles labeled with carbon-14 in the 5-position of the imidazole ring were prepared as a part of three-step sequence from 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-phenyl[1-(14) C]ethanone as a key synthetic intermediate which has been synthesized from potassium [(14) C]cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamhossein Shirvani
- Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, End of North Karegar Ave, 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shockravi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University (formerly Tarbiat Moallem University), 49 Mofetteh Avenue, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14176, Iran
| | - Nader Saemian
- Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, End of North Karegar Ave, 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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Everett RK, Wolfe JP. Synthesis of Substituted 3-Hydroxy-2-Furanone Derivatives via an Unusual Enolate Wittig Rearrangement/Alkylative Cyclization Sequence. Org Lett 2013; 15:2926-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4009188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata K. Everett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, United States
| | - John P. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, United States
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Rambabu D, Kumar GP, Kumar BD, Kapavarapu R, Rao MB, Pal M. Pd/C-mediated synthesis of (Z)-3-alkylidenephthalides of potential pharmacological interest. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Chattopadhyay P, Hazarika S, Dhiman S, Upadhyay A, Pandey A, Karmakar S, Singh L. Vitex negundo inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 inflammatory cytokine-mediated inflammation on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema. Pharmacognosy Res 2012; 4:134-7. [PMID: 22923950 PMCID: PMC3424839 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.99072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) is a hardy plant widely distributed in the Indian subcontinent and used for treatment of a wide spectrum of health disorders in traditional and folk medicine, some of which have been experimentally validated. In present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of V. negundo in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, and to investigate the probable mechanism of anti-inflammatory action. Materials and Methods: Paw edema was produced by injecting 1% solution of carrageenan, and the paw volume was measured before and after carrageenan injection up to 5 h. V. negundo leaf oil was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and administered by a trans-dermal route to Wistar rats and the percentage of inhibition of inflammation was observed using a Plethysmometer by comparing a compound aerosol-based formulation with 1 mg diclofinac diethylamine BP and 7 mg methyl salicylate IP/kg body weight served as a standard drug whereas paraffin oil served as the placebo group. After withdrawing of blood, serum was separated and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities were measured by the enzyme immuno assay (EIA) method by using a COX inhibitor screening assay kit. Results and Discussion: V. negundo leaf oil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema as compared to the placebo group (paraffin oil) and 1 mg diclofinac diethylamine BP and 7 mg methyl salicylate IP showed the maximum inhibition of paw edema as compared to the V. negundo leaf oil treated group and the control group. Also in the present study V. negundo leaf oil showed significantly (P < 0.05) inhibits COX-1 pathways rather than COX-2 pathways as compared to the V. negundo leaf oil treated group. Conclusion: It is suggested that the V. negundo leaf oil is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and acts via inhibition of COX-2 without much interfering COX-1 pathways.
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Amarante GW, Coelho F. An approach for the enantioselective synthesis of biologically active furanones from a Morita–Baylis–Hillman adduct. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-trifluoromethyl/sulfonamido-5,6-diaryl substituted imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: A novel class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:276-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Michaux C, de Leval X, Julémont F, Dogné JM, Pirotte B, Durant F. Structure-based pharmacophore of COX-2 selective inhibitors and identification of original lead compounds from 3D database searching method. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1446-55. [PMID: 17030482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A four-point pharmacophore of COX-2 selective inhibitors was derived from a training set of 16 compounds, using the Catalyst program. It consists of a H bond acceptor, two hydrophobic groups and an aromatic ring, in accordance with SAR data of the compounds and with topology of the COX-2 active site. This hypothesis, combined with exclusion volume spheres representing important residues of the COX-2 binding site, was used to virtually screen the Maybridge database. Eight compounds were selected for an in vitro enzymatic assay. Five of them show COX-2 inhibition close to that of nimesulide and rofecoxib, two reference COX-2 selective inhibitors. As a result, structure-based pharmacophore generation was able to identify original lead compounds, inhibiting the COX-2 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Michaux
- Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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14
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Shahapurkar S, Pandya T, Kawathekar N, Chaturvedi SC. Quantitative structure activity relationship studies of diaryl furanones as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:899-904. [PMID: 15782440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selective COX-2 inhibitors have attracted much attention in recent times in the design of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID), which are devoid of the common side effects of classical NSAIDs. QSAR studies have been performed on a series of diaryl furanones that acts as selective COX-2 inhibitor using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The studies were carried out on 43 analogs. These studies produced good predictive models and give statistically significant correlations of selective COX-2 inhibitory with physical property, connectivity and conformation of molecule. Also when available COX-1 inhibitory data was analyzed with descriptors obtained from MOE, partial charge descriptor, van der Waal's surface area and solvation energy gave statistically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahapurkar
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidylaya, Takshashila Parisar, Khandwa Road, Indore, India
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15
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Hu W, Guo Z, Yi X, Guo C, Chu F, Cheng G. Discovery of 2-phenyl-3-sulfonylphenyl-indole derivatives as a new class of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 11:5539-44. [PMID: 14642598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Sulfonylphenyl-3-phenyl-indole derivatives have been reported to be highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors previously. In this paper, the regio-isomeric analogues-2-phenyl-3-sulfonylphenyl-indoles were identified as potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors. This work led to the discovery of compounds 4a and 8a possessing higher activity than Celecoxib on cellular assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
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16
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Dru JDY, Chavez-Eng CM, Constanzer ML, Matuszewski BK. Determination of a cyclooxygenase II inhibitor in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 805:21-5. [PMID: 15113535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive methods based on capillary gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric (MS) detection in a selected-ion monitoring mode (SIM) for the determination of a cyclooxygenase II (COX-II) inhibitor (3-isopropoxy-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-5,5'-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one, I) in human plasma, in two concentration ranges of 0.1-20 and 5-1000 ng/ml, are described. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the residue, after evaporation of the organic phase to dryness, was reconstituted in acetonitrile (20 l) and part of the extract (1 l) was analyzed by GC/MS/SIM. The drug (I) and internal standard (II) were separated on a 25 mx0.2 mm capillary column with HP Ultra 1 (100% dimethylpolysiloxane, 0.33 m) phase and analyzed by MS/SIM monitoring ions at m/z 237 and 282 for I and II, respectively. The standard curve was linear within the lower concentration range of 0.1-20 ng/ml and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) in plasma was 0.1 ng/ml. Intraday coefficients of variation (CV, n=5) were 8.9, 4.2, 5.7, 3.1, 1.9, 1.9, and 4.4% at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10, and 20 ng/ml, respectively. The standard curve was also linear within the higher concentration range of 5-1000 ng/ml and the LLOQ in plasma was 5 ng/ml. Intraday coefficients of variation (CV, n=5) were all below 9% at all concentrations within the standard curve range. The accuracy for I in human plasma was 91-112% and the recovery of I and II was greater than 70% at all concentrations within both standard curve ranges. The details of the assay methodology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D-Y Dru
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., P.O. Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Shahapurkar S, Pandya T, Kawathekar N, Chaturvedi SC. Quantitative structure activity relationship studies of diaryl furanones as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:383-8. [PMID: 15072847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2003] [Revised: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective COX-2 inhibitors have attracted much attention in recent times in the design of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID), which are devoid of the common side effects of classical NSAIDs. QSAR studies have been performed on a series of diaryl furanones that acts as selective COX-2 inhibitor using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The studies were carried out on 43 analogs. These studies produced good predictive models and give statistically significant correlations of selective COX-2 inhibitory with physical property, connectivity and conformation of molecule. Also when available COX-1 inhibitory data was analyzed with descriptors obtained from MOE, partial charge descriptor, van der Waal's surface area and solvation energy gave statistically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahapurkar
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidylaya, Takshashila Parisar, Khandwa Road, Indore, India
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18
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McCann ME, Andersen DR, Zhang D, Brideau C, Black WC, Hanson PD, Hickey GJ. In vitro effects and in vivo efficacy of a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in dogs with experimentally induced synovitis. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65:503-12. [PMID: 15077695 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy of ML-1,785,713 in dogs. ANIMALS 21 healthy male and female mixed-breed dogs and 24 healthy male Beagles. PROCEDURE Selectivity of ML-1,785,713 for inhibiting COX-2 was determined by comparing the potency for inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with that of COX-2 in canine blood. Pharmacokinetic properties were determined after i.v. (2 mg/kg) and oral (8 mg/kg) administration in female mixed-breed dogs. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in male mixed-breed dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. Prophylactic efficacy was evaluated by administering ML-1,785,713 two hours before induction of synovitis whereas therapeutic efficacy was determined by administering ML-1,785,713 one hour after induction of synovitis. RESULTS Blood concentrations that resulted in 50% inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity in vitro were 119.1 microM and 0.31 microM, respectively, and selectivity ratio for inhibiting COX-2 relative to COX-1 was 384. ML-1,785,713 had high oral bioavailability (101%), low systemic clearance (77 mL/min/kg), and an elimination half-life of 5.9 hours. ML-1,785,713 was efficacious when administered prophylactically and therapeutically to dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ML-1,785,713 is a novel, potent COX-2 inhibitor that is the most selective COX-2 inhibitor described for use in dogs to date. ML-1,785,713 has oral bioavailability and low systemic clearance that is comparable to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is effective after prophylactic and therapeutic administration in attenuating lameness in dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. Drugs that specifically inhibit COX-2 and not COX-1 at therapeutic doses may have an improved tolerability profile, compared with nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E McCann
- Departments of Animal Health Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Rapposelli S, Lapucci A, Minutolo F, Orlandini E, Ortore G, Pinza M, Balsamo A. Synthesis and COX-2 inhibitory properties of N-phenyl- and N-benzyl-substituted amides of 2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid and of their pyrazole, thiophene and isoxazole analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:25-31. [PMID: 14751313 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some N-phenyl- (7a-10a) and N-benzyl-substituted (7b-10b) amido analogs of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) selective tricyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been synthesized with the aim to obtain information on the structural requirements for the COX-inhibitory activity. Compounds 7-10 were tested in vitro for their inhibitory properties only towards COX-2 enzyme by measuring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production on activated J774.2 macrophages. Some of the new compounds (7a, 8a, 9a and 9b) showed a modest activity, with percentage inhibition values near 30% at a concentration of 10 microM. These data have been tentatively explained by a conformational study which indicates that at least the N-phenyl-substituted amides 7a-9a present steric hindrances which may prevent a good interaction with COX-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rapposelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56100, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Sakya SM, Rast B. Efficient synthesis of 5-alkyl amino and thioether substituted pyrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Bishop-Bailey D, Warner TD. PPARgamma ligands induce prostaglandin production in vascular smooth muscle cells: indomethacin acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma antagonist. FASEB J 2003; 17:1925-7. [PMID: 12897060 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-1075fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma and inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, particularly in the intimal monocytic and vascular smooth muscle cells. We have therefore studied the interaction between PPARgamma and inducible cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMC)s. The synthetic PPARgamma ligand rosiglitazone induced prostaglandin (PG) release from RASMCs, including that of PGD2, the precursor of the putative endogenous PPARgamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. Moreover, rosiglitazone both synergized with IL-1beta to further induce prostaglandin release and affected the expression of phospholipase A2 and COX-2. Rosiglitazone-induced prostaglandin release was inhibited by the PPARgamma partial agonist GW0072 and the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662. Rosiglitazone also induced RASMC apoptosis, an effect not explained as an autocrine effect of the induced-prostanoids, but on arachidonic acid release, as cell death was unaffected by either the nonselective COX inhibitor piroxicam or the selective COX-2 inhibitor DFP, but by inhibitors of either secretory or cytosolic phospholipase A2. In contrast, indomethacin, an alternative inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity, inhibited both rosiglitazone-induced cell death, and rosiglitazone-induced PPAR reporter gene activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Arachidonic Acid/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Ligands
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Phospholipases A/metabolism
- Phospholipases A2
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- Prostaglandins/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazolidinediones
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bishop-Bailey
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Inflammation Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Padakanti S, Pal M, Yeleswarapu KR. An improved and practical synthesis of 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-propoxy)-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone (DFP—a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2). Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pal M, Rao Veeramaneni V, Nagabelli M, Rao Kalleda S, Misra P, Rao Casturi S, Rao Yeleswarapu K. Conformationally restricted 3,4-diarylfuranones (2,3a,4,5-tetrahydronaphthofuranones) as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1639-43. [PMID: 12729631 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of naphthofuranones were synthesized and tested for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition. Few of them were identified as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship studies within the series are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500050, India.
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24
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Hu W, Guo Z, Chu F, Bai A, Yi X, Cheng G, Li J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted 2-sulfonyl-phenyl-3-phenyl-indoles: a new series of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1153-60. [PMID: 12628642 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new series of substituted 2-sulfonyphenyl-3-phenyl-indole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit COX-2 and COX-1enzymes. Most of the compounds synthesized were found to be highly potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2. This work led to the discovery of 2-aminosulfonylphenyl-3-phenyl-indole 5a which possesses higher activity and selectivity for COX-2 than Celecoxib both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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25
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Balsamo A, Coletta I, Guglielmotti A, Landolfi C, Mancini F, Martinelli A, Milanese C, Minutolo F, Nencetti S, Orlandini E, Pinza M, Rapposelli S, Rossello A. Synthesis of heteroaromatic analogues of (2-aryl-1-cyclopentenyl-1-alkylidene)-(arylmethyloxy)amine COX-2 inhibitors: effects on the inhibitory activity of the replacement of the cyclopentene central core with pyrazole, thiophene or isoxazole ring. Eur J Med Chem 2003; 38:157-68. [PMID: 12620660 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(02)01448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several heteroaromatic analogues of (2-aryl-1-cyclopentenyl-1-alkylidene)-(arylmethyloxy)amine COX-2 inhibitors, in which the cyclopentene moiety was replaced by pyrazole, thiophene or isoxazole ring, were synthesized, in order to verify the influence of the different nature of the central core on the COX inhibitory properties of these kinds of molecules. Among the compounds tested, only the 3-(p-methylsulfonylphenyl) substituted thiophene derivatives 17 and 22, showed a certain COX-2 inhibitory activity, accompanied by an appreciable COX-2 versus COX-1 selectivity. Only one of the 1-(p-methylsulfonylphenyl)pyrazole compounds (16) displayed a modest inhibitory activity towards both type of isoenzymes, while the pyrazole 1-(p-aminosulfonylphenyl) substituted 12 proved to be significantly active only towards COX-1. All the isoxazole derivatives were inactive on both COX isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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26
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Giuliano F, Warner TD. Origins of prostaglandin E2: involvements of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in human and rat systems. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:1001-6. [PMID: 12438520 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.041244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is a major cyclooxygenase (COX) product at inflammatory sites where it contributes to local increases in blood flow, edema formation, and pain sensitization. Using rats in vivo and rat and human blood in vitro, we have examined the roles of COX-1 and COX-2 in the production of PGE2. In anesthetized rats treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce the expression of COX-2, the marked increase in PGE2 production that followed bolus intravenous injection of arachidonic acid (3 mg x kg(-1)) was strongly inhibited by diclofenac but largely unaffected by the COX-2-selective inhibitor DFP (5,5- dimethyl-3-(2-propoxy)-4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)-furanone). In rat blood in vitro, aspirin strongly inhibited the production of PGE2 that followed either acute exposure to calcium ionophore, A23187 (calcimycin) (50 microM, 15 min), or incubation with LPS for 18 h. In contrast, human whole blood only produced significant levels of PGE2 when incubated with LPS. Rat leukocytes expressed COX-2 and produced PGE2 when exposed to LPS but not when acutely stimulated with A23187. Rat platelets, but not human platelets, also produced significant amounts of PGE2 when acutely stimulated with A23187. These data show that when exposed to an inflammatory stimulus, rat whole blood produces increased levels of PGE2 through induction of COX-2 in blood leukocytes. Rat blood, unlike human blood, may also produce copious amounts of PGE2 via the actions of COX-1 enzyme constitutively present in platelets. These data may well explain why in rats COX-2-selective inhibitors have been reported not to produce the full anti-inflammatory effects associated with standard nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giuliano
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular, and Inflammation Research, The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Leblanc Y, Roy P, Wang Z, Li CS, Chauret N, Nicoll-Griffith DA, Silva JM, Aubin Y, Yergey JA, Chan CC, Riendeau D, Brideau C, Gordon R, Xu L, Webb J, Visco DM, Prasit P. Discovery of a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor in the alkoxy lactone series with optimized metabolic profile. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3317-20. [PMID: 12392741 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The COX-2 inhibitor DFP [5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-propoxy)-4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)-furanone] was found to have a long half-life in humans. Analogues have been characterized in order to optimize pharmacokinetics. This has lead to the discovery of 5(S)-(5-ethyl-5-methyl-3-(2-propoxy)-4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)-furanone analogue 11 a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor which is metabolized to a greater extent than DFP upon incubation with rat and human hepatocytes, suggesting a shorter half-life in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Leblanc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, PO Box 1005, Pointe Claire-Dorval, Quebec, Canada.
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28
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Vallano PT, Mazenko RS, Woolf EJ, Matuszewski BK. Monolithic silica liquid chromatography columns for the determination of cyclooxygenase II inhibitors in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 779:249-57. [PMID: 12361739 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methods employing monolithic HPLC columns for the determination of the cyclooxygenase II inhibitors rofecoxib (I) and 3-isopropoxy-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-5,5'-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one (DFP, III) in human plasma are described. Each analyte, together with an internal standard was extracted from the plasma matrix using solid-phase extraction in the 96-well format. The analytes were chromatographed on a Chromolith Speed Rod monolithic HPLC column (4.6 x 50 mm). Analyte detection for rofecoxib was via fluorescence following post-column photochemical derivatization. Detection for III was based on the native fluorescence of the compound. The precision, accuracy, and linearity of the methods were found to be comparable to those obtained using methods employing conventional packed HPLC columns. Use of the monolithic column permitted mobile phase flow-rates of up to 6.5 ml/min to be employed in the assays. The use of elevated flow-rates enabled the per sample analysis time to be reduced by up to a factor of 5 compared with assays based on packed HPLC columns. The results of experiments aimed at evaluating the ruggedness and reproducibility of monolithic columns employed in bioanalytical methods are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Vallano
- Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Drug Metabolism, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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29
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Carter NB, Mabon R, Richecœur AM, Sweeney J. Preparation and reactions of 3,4-bisstannyl-2(5H)furanones. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Calatayud S, Mitchell JA, Perretti M, Giuliano F, Warner TD. Effects of cyclooxygenase-1/cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in the rat mesentery. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 440:71-7. [PMID: 11959090 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and cause gastrointestinal damage in part by promoting leukocyte accumulation in the mucosa. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of selective blockade of the isoenzymes cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 on leukocyte adhesion in vivo. Leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions were examined in rat mesenteric venules before and after treatment with indomethacin, SC-560 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole, cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor), DFP (5,5-dimethyl-3-(2-propoxy)-4-(4-methanesulfonyl)-2(5H)-furanone, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), or SC-560 plus DFP (20 mg/kg, i.v. each). Indomethacin increased leukocyte-rolling flux, reduced rolling velocity and elicited significant leukocyte adhesion. Neither SC-560 nor DFP induced these effects although their co-administration reproduced the indomethacin response. Indomethacin and SC-560, but not DFP, abolished cyclooxygenase-1 activity in blood. Plasma from indomethacin- or DFP-, but not from SC-560-treated rats abolished cyclooxygenase-2 activity in activated A549 cells. Specific blockade of cyclooxygenase-1 or cyclooxygenase-2 does not induce any inflammatory event in the rat mesentery and the inflammatory response observed with non-selective NSAIDs seems to be due to the inhibition of both isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calatayud
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina-Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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31
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Tacconelli S, Capone ML, Sciulli MG, Ricciotti E, Patrignani P. The biochemical selectivity of novel COX-2 inhibitors in whole blood assays of COX-isozyme activity. Curr Med Res Opin 2002; 18:503-11. [PMID: 12564662 DOI: 10.1185/030079902125001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the biochemical selectivity of novel cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, etoricoxib, valdecoxib, DFU and DFP, vs rofecoxib and celecoxib, using the human whole blood assays of COX-isozyme activity, in vitro. Compounds were incubated with human whole blood samples, allowed to clot for 1 h at 37 degrees C, or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (10 microg/ml) for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Serum thromboxane (TX) B2 and plasma prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels were measured by specific radioimmunoassays as indices of platelet COX-1 and monocyte COX-2 activity, respectively. Valdecoxib, etoricoxib, DFU and DFP inhibited platelet COX-1 and monocyte COX-2 with the following COX-1/COX-2 IC50 ratios: 61.5, 344, 660 and 1918, respectively. The reference compounds, celecoxib and rofecoxib had corresponding values of 29.6 and 272. In conclusion, a second wave of COX-2 inhibitors with higher biochemical selectivity than the existing coxibs has been developed. Whether their administration will be associated with improved clinical efficacy and/or safety vis-à-vis celecoxib and rofecoxib remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tacconelli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University School of Medicine, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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32
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Calatayud S, Warner TD, Breese EJ, Mitchell JA. Relationship between endogenous colony stimulating factors and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells: role of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 134:1237-44. [PMID: 11704643 PMCID: PMC1573049 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage is associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory damage and aggravation of gut inflammatory conditions. NSAIDs also exert a preventive effect against colon cancer that seems to be due to increased colon cell apoptosis. NSAIDs have been shown to modulate the release of colony stimulating factors (CSFs) in some cells. In the present study we analysed the effect of these drugs on secretion of CSFs and apoptosis in human colon epithelial cells (HT-29). 2. HT-29 cells secreted bioactive levels of GM-CSF, G-CSF and M-CSF when stimulated with IL-1ss and TNF-alpha, and diclofenac (10(-7)-10(-4) M), indomethacin (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and sodium salicylate (10(-5)-10(-2) M) induced concentration-dependent increases in GM-CSF secretion. 3. Reduced secretion of G-CSF and M-CSF and increased cell apoptosis were observed with the highest concentrations of these non-selective NSAIDs. 4. No changes in any CSF release or HT-29 cell apoptosis were detected in the presence of the COX-2 selective inhibitor DFP (10(-7)-10(-4) M). 5. Neither the exogenous addition of CSFs nor the blockade of secreted CSFs modified apoptosis in HT-29 cells stimulated with cytokines and/or NSAIDs. 6. These results suggest that colon epithelial cells can contribute to local inflammatory responses by releasing CSFs and thus extend the life span of local leukocytes. Modulation of CSF levels by non-selective NSAIDs may be involved in the pro-inflammatory effects of these agents in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calatayud
- Unit of Critical Care, The Royal Brompton and Harefield N.H.S. Trust, Imperial College School of Medicine, Sydney Street, London SW 6NP.
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33
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Wong E, Huang JQ, Tagari P, Riendeau D. Effects of COX-2 inhibitors on aortic prostacyclin production in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2001; 157:393-402. [PMID: 11472739 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation that is produced by prostacyclin synthase via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. We investigated the potential role of COX-2 in the production of vasoactive prostanoids by aortic tissue in a rabbit model of dietary cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. COX-1 was detected as the major isoform by immunoblot analysis in extracts from aortas of normal and 8 week cholesterol-fed animals with COX-2 being induced in atherosclerotic plaques from cholesterol-fed animals. Aortic tissue from cholesterol-fed animals showed decreased levels of basal 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) and PGE(2) production as compared to the normal controls but showed no difference with respect to their ability to synthesize these prostanoids in response to exogenous arachidonic acid. The highly selective COX-2 inhibitors rofecoxib and the furanone DFP at concentrations of up to 10 micromol/l had no effect on the arachidonic acid-dependent production of 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha), in contrast to indomethacin, which caused a complete inhibition at 0.5 micromol/l. Celecoxib caused a significant inhibition of 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) at 10 micromol/l but had little effect when the dose was lowered to 1 micromol/l. Similar effects of these inhibitors were observed with respect to the production of PGE(2) and no major difference was observed between aortic tissues from normal and cholesterol-fed animals with regard to inhibitor sensitivity. These results indicate that in a rabbit model of early stage cardiovascular disease, the basal production of 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) and PGE(2) by aortic tissue is decreased. Furthermore, COX-2 expression is induced in atherosclerotic plaques and may play a role in altering localized synthesis of prostanoids in these lesions but does not appear to significantly impact the arachidonic acid-dependent prostacylin production of aortic tissues, which is largely mediated by COX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Trans Canada Hwy, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada H9H 3L1
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Chauret N, Yergey JA, Brideau C, Friesen RW, Mancini J, Riendeau D, Silva J, Styhler A, Trimble LA, Nicoll-Griffith DA. In vitro metabolism considerations, including activity testing of metabolites, in the discovery and selection of the COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib (MK-0663). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1059-62. [PMID: 11327589 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the metabolites of the COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib (MK-0663 and L-791,456) produced in vitro indicate formation of an N-oxide pyridine and hydroxymethyl pyridine that can further be glucuronidated or oxidized to an acid. Significant turnover is observed in human hepatocytes. Several CYPs are involved in the oxidative biotranformations and, from in vitro studies, etoricoxib is not a potent CYP3A4 inducer or inhibitor. Based on an in vitro whole blood assay, none of the metabolites of etoricoxib inhibits COX-1 or contributes significantly to the inhibition of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chauret
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire-Dorval, Quebec, Canada.
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35
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The Chemistry of 2(5H)-Furanones. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)81011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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