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Wang J, Jia H, Lv S, Zhang X, Duan Y. Knockdown of RRBP1 regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress to mitigate malignant progression and suppress bortezomib resistance of multiple myeloma cells by inhibiting GRP78 expression. Mol Immunol 2025; 183:72-82. [PMID: 40345079 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2025.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2025] [Revised: 04/30/2025] [Accepted: 05/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosome binding protein 1 (RRBP1) was reported to play a regulatory role in certain cancers. It was related to poor prognosis and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM), but its mechanism has not been reported before. Hence, its effect and the specific mechanism on MM cells were explored. METHODS The expression levels of RRBP1 and Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in MM tissues were detected by immunohistochemical assay. The expression levels of mRNA and protein were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. MM cell viability and proliferation were tested by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell assay was carried out to explore cell migration and invasion. RESULTS The expression levels of RRBP1 and GRP78 were upregulated in MM tissues and MM cells. Transfection of sh-RRBP1 weakened the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of MM cells. Knockdown of RRBP1 dropped GRP78 expression and diminished endoplasmic reticulum stress in MM cells. Moreover, Tunicamycin-induced apoptosis of MM cells was enhanced by RRBP1 knockdown. Compared to the control group, inhibition of RRBP1 expression increased the drug sensitivity of bortezomib-resistant MM cells. In addition, overexpression of GRP78 partially repealed the effectiveness of sh-RRBP1 on MM cells. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the inhibitory effect of RRBP1 knockdown on MM cells, which suggested that RRBP1 might be a novel target for the therapy against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Haipeng Jia
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Sulong Lv
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China.
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Zhu Y, Fu D, Cai H, Qin J, Wu Y, Zhang M, Zou Y, Vasquez HE, Zheng X, Liu C, Wang A, Ke C, Yu F, Gu Z. High-throughput screening of thermal tolerant candidate genes in the ivory shell (Babylonia areolata) based on the yeast strain INVSc1. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2025; 54:101428. [PMID: 39889586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Global climate warming and frequent heatwaves present significant threats to the growth and survival of marine organisms. The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, plays a crucial role in marine aquaculture as a widely distributed mollusk in tropical and subtropical seas. However, limited research has been conducted on its molecular mechanisms in response to heat stress. This study aims to explore thermal-tolerant related genes and regulatory pathways by constructing a cDNA library under heat stress and using a yeast-based high-throughput screening method. Following exposure of three populations to acute heat stress, a heat stress cDNA library was constructed with a capacity of 1.104 × 108, containing 2.208 × 108 clones. Subsequently, the library was transformed into yeast INVSc1 and underwent high-temperature screening at 39 °C. All positive clones were then subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for rapid identification of 1148 candidate genes associated with thermal tolerance. Enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in seven KEGG pathways, including Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosome and Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. Additionally, through first-generation sequencing of 96 randomly selected positive clones at 39 °C, we identified 51 unique sequences associated with heat stress which included previously reported genes like EEF2, HSPB1, UBC and HSPA4. Subsequent yeast heat tolerance experiments further validated the essential role played by these 51 genes in response to thermal stress conditions. Finally, RNA-seq data provided evidence for upregulated expression levels of these genes during exposure to elevated temperatures. This study successfully constructed the first cDNA library for B. areolata under heat stress conditions, identified key pathways and candidate genes associated with thermal tolerance, and demonstrated the applicability of yeast high-throughput screening methods in investigating stress resistance traits in invertebrates. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the strategies employed by B. areolata to respond to heat stress, and provide technical support for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress responses in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhu
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Deng Fu
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haonan Cai
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yingyin Wu
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Zou
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hebert Ely Vasquez
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China; School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China.
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China; School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China.
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Kawaguchi Y, Hodai Y, Naito S, Kondo Y, Tsumura T, Miyata T, Kobayashi T, Sugiyama M, Onoue T, Iwama S, Suga H, Banno R, Arima H, Hagiwara D. Reticulon 4 reflects endoplasmic reticulum stress in arginine vasopressin neurons. Neuroreport 2025:00001756-990000000-00359. [PMID: 40377961 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized in the magnocellular supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, where AVP neurons function under a consistently high demand for AVP production. AVP neurons are subject to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress even under basal conditions, and this ER stress is further exacerbated when AVP production increases due to dehydration. Reticulon (RTN) is essential for ER formation and stabilization and plays a critical role in membrane morphogenesis within the ER. This study aimed to investigate the expression of RTN family members in hypothalamic AVP neurons. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization were employed to examine the expression of RTN family members in hypothalamic AVP neurons of adult male mice. Water deprivation and treatment with a chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid were used to increase and decrease the ER stress of AVP neurons, respectively. Among the RTN family members, only RTN4 was found to be expressed in hypothalamic AVP neurons. RTN4 was colocalized with ER organelle markers, including immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein and calnexin. Furthermore, RTN4 expression increased during ER stress induced by water deprivation. On the other hand, increased RTN4 expression by water deprivation was attenuated by 4-phenylbutyric acid treatment. Our results suggest that RTN4 expression in AVP neurons is closely associated with ER stress caused by increased protein production in neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuichi Hodai
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuichi Kondo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuro Tsumura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Sugiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Onoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hidetaka Suga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryoichi Banno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Chen W, Su G, Chai M, An Y, Song J, Zhang Z. Astrogliosis and glial scar in ischemic stroke - focused on mechanism and treatment. Exp Neurol 2025; 385:115131. [PMID: 39733853 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a kind of neurological dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia. Astrocytes, as the most abundant type of glial cells in the central nervous system, are activated into reactive astrocytes after cerebral ischemia, and this process involves the activation or change of a series of cell surface receptors, ion channels and ion transporters, GTPases, signaling pathways, and so on. The role of reactive astrocytes in the development of ischemic stroke is time-dependent. In the early stage of ischemia, reactive astrocytes proliferate moderately and surround the ischemic tissue to prevent the spread of the lesion. At the same time, reactive astrocytes release neuroprotective factors, ultimately relieving brain injury. In the late stage of ischemia, reactive astrocytes excessively proliferate and migrate to form dense glial scar tissue, which hinders the repair of damaged tissue. At the same time, reactive astrocytes in the glial scar release a large number of neurotoxic factors, ultimately aggravating ischemic stroke. In this paper, we focus on the molecular mechanism of astrogliosis and glial scar formation after cerebral ischemia, and explore the relevant studies using glial scar as a therapeutic target, providing a reference for the selection of therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke and further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Miao Chai
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jinyang Song
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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Lee R, Lee WY, Kim DW, Park HJ. Artemisinin alleviates cisplatin-induced damage in GC-1 spermatogonia through ER stress mechanisms. Heliyon 2025; 11:e42579. [PMID: 40034267 PMCID: PMC11874544 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin, a compound derived from Artemisia annua, is primarily utilized for malaria treatment. Its mechanism of action involves the rapid and effective inhibition of protein synthesis in malarial parasites. Recently, artemisinin has garnered extensive research attention for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its potential role as an adjuvant in cancer treatment. Cisplatin is a commonly used anticancer agent; however, its therapeutic benefits are accompanied by side effects that negatively impact male reproductive function. In this study, the mechanism of the protective effect of artemisinin against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity was investigated. Type B mouse spermatogonia (GC-1 spg cells), derived from mouse testes, were treated with various concentrations of artemisinin (10-200 μM) to identify the optimal concentration for promoting cell proliferation. Cisplatin induced antiproliferative effects and apoptotic cell death in GC-1 spg cells, whereas the combination of cisplatin and artemisinin restored cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Treatment with cisplatin resulted in elevated levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related factors, such as Bip/GRP78, PDI, and Ero1-la, in GC-1 spg cells, while the combination with artemisinin effectively inhibited and reduced these levels. Additionally, cisplatin increased inflammatory markers, including COX2, iNOS, and NF-κB, which were subsequently decreased by artemisinin. This study evaluates artemisinin, a naturally derived compound, as a potential mitigator of side effects on male germ cells during cisplatin-based anticancer treatment. In conclusion, these findings suggest that artemisinin may serve as a supplement or functional agent in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonbuk, 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonbuk, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonbuk, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, 26339, Republic of Korea
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6
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Li Z, Wan D, Pan J. Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2024; 29:4405. [PMID: 39339402 PMCID: PMC11434448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors, exhibiting a high incidence rate that presents a substantial threat to human health. The use of sorafenib and lenvatinib, commonly employed as single-agent targeted inhibitors, complicates the treatment process due to the absence of definitive targeting. Nevertheless, the advent of nanotechnology has injected new optimism into the domain of liver cancer therapy. Nanocarriers equipped with active targeting or passive targeting mechanisms have demonstrated the capability to deliver drugs to tumor cells with high efficiency. This approach not only facilitates precise delivery to the affected site but also enables targeted drug release, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. As medical technology progresses, there is an increasing call for innovative treatment modalities, including novel chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and combinatorial treatments for HCC. These emerging therapies are anticipated to yield improved clinical outcomes for patients, while minimizing systemic toxicity and adverse effects. Consequently, the application of nanotechnology is poised to significantly improve HCC treatment. This review focused on targeted strategies for HCC and the application of nanotechnology in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Liu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Yanan Wu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dong Wan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.L.)
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Lu J, Zhao P, Ding X, Li H. N-acetylcysteine stimulates the proliferation and differentiation in heat-stressed skeletal muscle cells. J Therm Biol 2024; 124:103958. [PMID: 39182421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known for its beneficial effects on health due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. This study explored the protective effects of NAC against oxidative stress in heat-stressed (HS) skeletal muscle cells and its role in promoting muscle development. NAC reduced the heat shock response by decreasing the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in HS-induced muscle cells during proliferation and differentiation. NAC also mitigated HS-induced oxidative stress via increasing the antioxidant enzyme levels and reducing oxidant enzyme levels. Treatment with NAC at 2 mM increased cell viability from 43.68% ± 5.14%-66.69% ± 14.43% and decreased the apoptosis rate from 7.89% ± 0.53%-5.17% ± 0.11% in skeletal muscle cells. Additionally, NAC promoted the proliferation and differentiation of HS-induced skeletal muscle cells by upregulating the expression of PAX7, MYF5, MRF4 and MYHC. These findings suggest that NAC alleviates HS-induced oxidative damage in skeletal muscle cells and support muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhu Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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8
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Zheng Y, Zha X, Zhang B, Elsabagh M, Wang H, Wang M, Zhang H. The interaction of ER stress and autophagy in trophoblasts: navigating pregnancy outcome†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:292-311. [PMID: 38678504 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex and dynamic organelle that initiates unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins within its lumen. Autophagy is a paramount intracellular degradation system that facilitates the transportation of proteins, cytoplasmic components, and organelles to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation are two common complications of pregnancy associated with abnormal trophoblast differentiation and placental dysfunctions and have a major impact on fetal development and maternal health. The intricate interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy and their impact on pregnancy outcomes, through mediating trophoblast differentiation and placental development, has been highlighted in various reports. Autophagy controls trophoblast regulation through a variety of gene expressions and signaling pathways while excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers downstream apoptotic signaling, culminating in trophoblast apoptosis. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of placental development and explores the underlying mechanisms of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, this review will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, both individually and in their interplay, in mediating placental development and trophoblast differentiation, particularly highlighting their roles in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation development. This research seeks to the interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired autophagy in the placental trophoderm, offering novel insights into their contribution to pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Repubic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zha
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Repubic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Repubic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, KafrelSheikh, Egypt
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Repubic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Repubic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Science, Shihezi, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Repubic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Godoy JA, Mira RG, Inestrosa NC. Intracellular effects of lithium in aging neurons. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102396. [PMID: 38942199 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Lithium therapy received approval during the 1970s, and it has been used for its antidepressant, antimanic, and anti-suicidal effects for acute and long-term prophylaxis and treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD). These properties have been well established; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms remain controversial. In the past few years, many studies demonstrated that at the cellular level, lithium acts as a regulator of neurogenesis, aging, and Ca2+ homeostasis. At the molecular level, lithium modulates aging by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and the phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle; latter, lithium specifically inhibits inositol production, acting as a non-competitive inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase). Mitochondria and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) have been related to lithium activity, and its regulation is mediated by GSK-3β degradation and inhibition. Lithium also impacts Ca2+ homeostasis in the mitochondria modulating the function of the lithium-permeable mitochondrial Na+-Ca2+exchanger (NCLX), affecting Ca2+ efflux from the mitochondrial matrix to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A close relationship between the protease Omi, GSK-3β, and PGC-1α has also been established. The purpose of this review is to summarize some of the intracellular mechanisms related to lithium activity and how, through them, neuronal aging could be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Godoy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo G Mira
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Wang F, Ma L, Wang Q, Hammock BD, Xiao G, Liu R. Evaluation of the Immune Response of Patulin by Proteomics. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:322. [PMID: 39056598 PMCID: PMC11274796 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Patulin, an emerging mycotoxin with high toxicity, poses great risks to public health. Considering the poor antibody production in patulin immunization, this study focuses on the four-dimensional data-independent acquisition (4D-DIA) quantitative proteomics to reveal the immune response of patulin in rabbits. The rabbit immunization was performed with the complete developed antigens of patulin, followed by the identification of the immune serum. A total of 554 differential proteins, including 292 up-regulated proteins and 262 down-regulated proteins, were screened; the differential proteins were annotated; and functional enrichment analysis was performed. The differential proteins were associated with the pathways of metabolism, gene information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes, and organismal systems. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that the immunization procedures mostly resulted in the regulation of biochemical metabolic and signal transduction pathways, including the biosynthesis of amino acid (glycine, serine, and threonine), ascorbate, and aldarate metabolism; fatty acid degradation; and antigen processing and presentation. The 14 key proteins with high connectivity included G1U9T1, B6V9S9, G1SCN8, G1TMS5, G1U9U0, A0A0G2JH20, G1SR03, A0A5F9DAT4, G1SSA2, G1SZ14, G1T670, P30947, P29694, and A0A5F9C804, which were obtained by the analysis of protein-protein interaction networks. This study could provide potential directions for protein interaction and antibody production for food hazards in animal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (L.M.); (Q.W.); (G.X.)
| | - Lukai Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (L.M.); (Q.W.); (G.X.)
| | - Qin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (L.M.); (Q.W.); (G.X.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (L.M.); (Q.W.); (G.X.)
| | - Ruijing Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Pre-Cooked Food Processing and Quality Evaluation, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan 528333, China
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11
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Maglica M, Kelam N, Perutina I, Racetin A, Rizikalo A, Filipović N, Kuzmić Prusac I, Mišković J, Vukojević K. Immunoexpression Pattern of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Human Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6829. [PMID: 38999938 PMCID: PMC11241479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal immunoexpression pattern of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) in normal human fetal kidney development (CTRL) and kidneys affected with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Human fetal kidneys (control, horseshoe, dysplastic, duplex, and hypoplastic) from the 18th to the 38th developmental week underwent epifluorescence microscopy analysis after being stained with antibodies. Immunoreactivity was quantified in various kidney structures, and expression dynamics were examined using linear and nonlinear regression modeling. The punctate expression of LC3B was observed mainly in tubules and glomerular cells, with dysplastic kidneys displaying distinct staining patterns. In the control group's glomeruli, LAMP2A showed a sporadic, punctate signal; in contrast to other phenotypes, duplex kidneys showed significantly stronger expression in convoluted tubules. GRP78 had a weaker expression in CAKUT kidneys, especially hypoplastic ones, while normal kidneys exhibited punctate staining of convoluted tubules and glomeruli. HSP70 staining varied among phenotypes, with dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys exhibiting stronger staining compared to controls. Expression dynamics varied among observed autophagy markers and phenotypes, indicating their potential roles in normal and dysfunctional kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Maglica
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nela Kelam
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ilija Perutina
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anita Racetin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Azer Rizikalo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kuzmić Prusac
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip Mišković
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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12
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Hemagirri M, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sahreen S, Adnan M, Sasidharan S. Crosstalk between protein misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum stress during ageing and their role in age-related disorders. Biochimie 2024; 221:159-181. [PMID: 37918463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the proteome is crucial to retaining cell functionality and response to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Protein misfolding increased the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cell homeostasis. Apoptosis occurs when ER stress is prolonged or the adaptive response fails. In healthy young cells, the ratio of protein folding machinery to quantities of misfolded proteins is balanced under normal circumstances. However, the age-related deterioration of the complex systems for handling protein misfolding is accompanied by ageing-related disruption of protein homeostasis, which results in the build-up of misfolded and aggregated proteins. This ultimately results in decreased cell viability and forms the basis of common age-related diseases called protein misfolding diseases. Proteins or protein fragments convert from their ordinarily soluble forms to insoluble fibrils or plaques in many of these disorders, which build up in various organs such as the liver, brain, or spleen. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type II diabetes, and cancer are diseases in this group commonly manifest in later life. Thus, protein misfolding and its prevention by chaperones and different degradation paths are becoming understood from molecular perspectives. Proteodynamics information will likely affect future interventional techniques to combat cellular stress and support healthy ageing by avoiding and treating protein conformational disorders. This review provides an overview of the diverse proteostasis machinery, protein misfolding, and ER stress involvement, which activates the UPR sensors. Here, we will discuss the crosstalk between protein misfolding and ER stress and their role in developing age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P. O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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13
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Huang J, Bai L, Shi D, Jiang W, Chen P, Dong Y, Zhang X, Peng J, Hou J, Lu Y, Huang X, Tang G, Huang S. Synthesis and Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-c- DVAP: A Novel PET Probe for Imaging GRP78 in Cancer. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2425-2434. [PMID: 38554143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
GRP78, a member of the HSP70 superfamily, is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein overexpressed in various cancers, making it a promising target for cancer imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging offers unique advantages in real time, noninvasive tumor imaging, rendering it a suitable tool for targeting GRP78 in tumor imaging to guide targeted therapy. Several studies have reported successful tumor imaging using PET probes targeting GRP78. However, existing PET probes face challenges such as low tumor uptake, inadequate in vivo distribution, and high abdominal background signal. Therefore, this study introduces a novel peptide PET probe, [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP, for targeted tumor imaging of GRP78. [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP was radiolabeled with fluoride-18 using the aluminum-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) method. The study assessed the partition coefficients, stability in vitro, and metabolic stability of [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP. Micro-PET imaging, pharmacokinetic analysis, and biodistribution studies were carried out in tumor-bearing mice to evaluate the probe's performance. Docking studies and pharmacokinetic analyses of [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP were also performed. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to confirm GRP78 expression in tumor tissues. The probe's binding affinity to GRP78 was analyzed by molecular docking simulation. [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP was radiolabeled in just 25 min with a high yield of 51 ± 16%, a radiochemical purity of 99%, and molar activity within the range of 20-50 GBq/μmol. [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP demonstrated high stability in vitro and in vivo, with a logD value of -3.41 ± 0.03. Dynamic PET imaging of [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP in tumors showed rapid uptake and sustained retention, with minimal background uptake. Biodistribution studies revealed rapid blood clearance and excretion through the kidneys following a single-compartment reversible metabolic model. In PET imaging, the T/M ratios for A549 tumors (high GRP78 expression), MDA-MB-231 tumors (medium expression), and HepG2 tumors (low expression) at 60 min postintravenous injection were 10.48 ± 1.39, 6.25 ± 0.47, and 3.15 ± 1.15% ID/g, respectively, indicating a positive correlation with GRP78 expression. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using [18F]AlF-NOTA-c-DVAP as a PET tracer for imaging GRP78 in tumors. The probe shows promising results in terms of stability, specificity, and tumor targeting. Further research may explore the clinical utility and potential therapeutic applications of this PET tracer for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, P. R. China
| | - Ye Dong
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiangling Peng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6 V4, Canada
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, P. R. China
- PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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14
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Wu MH, Hsieh YH, Lin CL, Ying TH, Hsia SM, Hsieh SC, Lee CH, Lin CL. Licochalcone A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells via upregulation of GRP78 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2961-2969. [PMID: 38308464 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LicA), a natural compound extracted from licorice root, has been shown to exert a variety of anticancer activities. Whether LicA has such effects on endometrial cancer (EMC) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the antitumor effects of LicA on EMC. Our results show that LicA significantly reduced the viability and induced apoptosis of EMC cells and EMC-7 cells from EMC patients. LicA was also found to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to increased expression of ER-related proteins (GRP78/PERK/IRE1α/CHOP) in EMC cell lines. Suppression of GRP78 expression in human EMC cells treated with LicA significantly attenuated the effects of LicA, resulting in reduced ER-stress mediated cell apoptosis and decreased expression of ER- and apoptosis-related proteins. Our findings demonstrate that LicA induces apoptosis in EMC cells through the GRP78-mediated ER-stress pathway, emphasizing the potential of LicA as an anticancer therapy for EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Wu
- Laboratory Department, Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Angelini G, Russo S, Mingrone G. Intestinal heat shock proteins in metabolic syndrome: Novel mediators of obesity and its comorbidities resolution after metabolic surgery. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:217-226. [PMID: 38412940 PMCID: PMC10939036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, reaching epidemic proportions. Metabolic surgery has proven to be highly effective in treating obesity, leading to significant improvements or complete resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Research conducted in both animals and humans suggests that the metabolic benefits achieved through metabolic surgery cannot be solely attributed to weight loss. Indeed, there has been an increasing recognition of intestinal inflammation as a novel factor influencing obesity. The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to dietary components, particularly diets rich in saturated fats, which are known to contribute to obesity. It is now widely accepted that heat shock proteins can be released from various cells including intestinal epithelial cells and act as proinflammatory signals. Several studies have shown that circulating levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are increased in subjects with obesity and correlate with the severity of the disease. Moreover, mice with a partial knockout of GRP78 are protected from diet-induced obesity. In this review, we discuss the role of GRP78 in the development of obesity. Several evidence suggests that GRP78 can influence adipogenesis, lipid droplets stabilization, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. We also provide an update on GRP78 regulation following metabolic surgery, focusing on the bypass of the small intestine as a key factor for GRP78 secretion. Finally, we discuss the potential role of monoclonal antibodies against GRP78 as a treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Angelini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Russo
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Li Y, Li M, Feng S, Xu Q, Zhang X, Xiong X, Gu L. Ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:611-618. [PMID: 37721292 PMCID: PMC10581588 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, and its mechanisms mainly involve the accumulation of lipid peroxides, imbalance in the amino acid antioxidant system, and disordered iron metabolism. The primary organelle responsible for coordinating external challenges and internal cell demands is the endoplasmic reticulum, and the progression of inflammatory diseases can trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress. Evidence has suggested that ferroptosis may share pathways or interact with endoplasmic reticulum stress in many diseases and plays a role in cell survival. Ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress may occur after ischemic stroke. However, there are few reports on the interactions of ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress with ischemic stroke. This review summarized the recent research on the relationships between ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress and ischemic stroke, aiming to provide a reference for developing treatments for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qingxue Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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17
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Abou-Shaara HF. The response of heat shock proteins in honey bees to abiotic and biotic stressors. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103784. [PMID: 38232472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees, Apis mellifera, are the most important managed pollinators worldwide. They are highly impacted by various abiotic and biotic stressors, especially temperature extremes, which can lead to cellular damage and death. The induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) has been recorded in honey bees as a response to various types of stressors. HSPs are classified into different gene families according to their molecular weights. HSPs play an important role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis due to their contribution as molecular chaperones or co-chaperones. HSPs in honey bees have complex functions with induction even under normal colony conditions. Previous studies have suggested various functions of HSPs to protect cells from damage under exposure to environmental stressors, pollutants, and pathogens. Surprisingly, HSPs have also been found to play roles in larval development and age-related tasks. The expression of HSPs varies depending on tissue type, developmental stage, age, and stress period. This article reviews studies on HSPs (sHSPs, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) in honey bees and highlights gaps in the available knowledge. This review is crucial for honey bee research, particularly in the face of climate change challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam F Abou-Shaara
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt.
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18
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Ahamed A, Hasan M, Samanta A, Alam SSM, Jamil Z, Ali S, Hoque M. Prospective pharmacological potential of cryptotanshinone in cancer therapy. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH - MODERN CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 9:100308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2023.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
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19
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Ibanez J, Hebbar N, Thanekar U, Yi Z, Houke H, Ward M, Nevitt C, Tian L, Mack SC, Sheppard H, Chiang J, Velasquez MP, Krenciute G. GRP78-CAR T cell effector function against solid and brain tumors is controlled by GRP78 expression on T cells. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101297. [PMID: 37992682 PMCID: PMC10694756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Lack of targetable antigens is a key limitation for developing successful T cell-based immunotherapies. Members of the unfolded protein response (UPR) represent ideal immunotherapy targets because the UPR regulates the ability of cancer cells to resist cell death, sustain proliferation, and metastasize. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a key UPR regulator that is overexpressed and translocated to the cell surface of a wide variety of cancers in response to elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We show that GRP78 is highly expressed on the cell surface of multiple solid and brain tumors, making cell surface GRP78 a promising chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell target. We demonstrate that GRP78-CAR T cells can recognize and kill GRP78+ brain and solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that GRP78 is upregulated on CAR T cells upon T cell activation; however, this expression is tumor-cell-line specific and results in heterogeneous GRP78-CAR T cell therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ibanez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Unmesha Thanekar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhongzhen Yi
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Haley Houke
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meghan Ward
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chris Nevitt
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M Paulina Velasquez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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20
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Kubra KT, Barabutis N. Ceapin-A7 potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23460. [PMID: 37431958 PMCID: PMC10782819 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Barrier dysfunction is the hallmark of severe lung injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. Efficient medical countermeasures to counteract endothelial hyperpermeability do not exist, hence the mortality rates of disorders related to barrier abnormalities are unacceptable high. The unfolded protein response is a highly conserved mechanism, which aims to support the cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ATF6 is a protein sensor that triggers its activation. In the current study, we investigate the effects of ATF6 suppression in LPS-induced endothelial inflammation. Our observations suggest that Ceapin-A7, which is an ATF6 suppressor, potentiates LPS-induced STAT3 and JAK2 activation. Hence ATF6 activation may serve as a new therapeutic possibility toward diseases related to barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadeja-Tul Kubra
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, USA
| | - Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, USA
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21
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Zhang J, Yuan H, Li W, Chen S, Liu S, Li C, Yao X. Fusaric acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:347-364. [PMID: 37400696 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has replaced lung cancer to be the leading cancer in the world. Currently, chemotherapy is still the major method for breast cancer therapy, but its overall effect remains unsatisfactory. Fusaric acid (FSA), a mycotoxin derived from fusarium species, has shown potency against the proliferation of several types of cancer cells, but its effect on breast cancer cells has not been examined. Therefore, we explored the possible effect of FSA on the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and uncovered the underlying mechanism in the present study. Our results showed that FSA has a strong anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells through inducing ROS production, apoptosis and arresting cell cycle at G2/M transition phase. Additionally, FSA triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the cells. Notably, the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis inducing effect of FSA can be attenuated by ER stress inhibitor, tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Our study provide evidence that FSA is a potent proliferation inhibition and apoptosis inducing agent against human breast cancer cells, and the possible mechanism involves the activation of ER stress signaling pathways. Our study may highlight that FSA is promising for the future in vivo study and development of potential agent for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huikai Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Research Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Rm 224A, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, the Chinese University of Hong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Bai Y, Wang W, Cheng Y, Yang Y. Research progress on the GRP78 gene in the diagnosis, treatment and immunity of cervical cancer. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:447. [PMID: 37858217 PMCID: PMC10588224 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GRP78 is a molecular chaperone protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in protein assembly and quality control, and it participates in ER stress regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Studies have confirmed that GRP78 gene is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is involved in different biological functions. PURPOSE The present review highlights the involvement of the GRP78 gene in regulating the development of cervical cancer by promoting the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells as well as by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting the Warburg effect. High expression of GRP78 is positively correlated with chemotherapy resistance in cervical cancer. GRP78 plays an anticancer role in cervical cancer by regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Mediated immune CD8 + T cells regulate tumor cell immunity and play a role in the application of the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSIONS GRP78 plays a multifunctional role in cervical cancer and has important therapeutic and diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Bai
- Department of Gynecology and obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xian, 710038 China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- Department of Gynecology and obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xian, 710038 China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
- No.1, Dong gang West Road, Cheng guan District, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
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23
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James AW, Bahader GA, Albassan M, Shah ZA. The ER chaperone, BIP protects Microglia from ER stress-mediated Apoptosis in Hyperglycemia. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105573. [PMID: 37454816 PMCID: PMC10528316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, binding of Immunoglobulin heavy chain protein (BIP) facilitates the assembly of newly synthesized proteins in the ER. Microglia vigorously respond to brain injuries and eliminate the damaged neuronal and apoptotic cells through phagocytosis in the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of BIP-mediated microglial function is not clear in hyperglycemia. We explored the molecular mechanism of BIP in microglial function during hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia was induced in mice by two consecutive intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ 100/kg) and confirmed by measuring the blood glucose from day 2 to day 14. After 14 days of experimental hyperglycemia, mice were sacrificed and brains were collected for ER chaperone expression. In-vitro hyperglycemia was induced by exposing HMC3 cells to 25 mM glucose for 5 days and proteins involved in ER stress, apoptosis, and autophagy were analyzed. In hyperglycemic conditions, BIP protein expression was dramatically reduced in HMC3 cells, which led to increased apoptosis through the activation of CHOP and mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad, and cleaved caspase-3). The flow cytometry results indicate hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Interestingly, the BIP inducer X restored the apoptosis in HMC3 cells by derepressing BIP expression and inhibiting ER stress. These results suggest that the ER chaperone BIP is required for the microglial function and protects from apoptosis in hyperglycemia. A better understanding of BIP's molecular mechanism and role in microglial function may contribute to developing novel therapies for microglia dysfunction-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Albassan
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
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24
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Yu X, Ding H, Wang D, Ren Z, Chen B, Wu Q, Yuan T, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhao J, Sun Z. Particle-induced osteolysis is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated osteoblast apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110686. [PMID: 37659624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast dysfunction plays a crucial role in periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is recognized as an important causal factor of wear particle-induced osteolysis. However, the influence of ER stress on osteoblast activity during osteolysis and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to investigate whether ER stress is involved in the detrimental effects of wear particles on osteoblasts. Through our investigation, we observed elevated expression levels of ER stress and apoptosis markers in particle-stimulated bone specimens and osteoblasts. To probe further, we employed the ER stress inhibitor, 4-PBA, to treat particle-stimulated osteoblasts. The results revealed that 4-PBA effectively alleviated particle-induced osteoblast apoptosis and mitigated osteogenic reduction. Furthermore, our study revealed that wear particle-induced ER stress in osteoblasts coincided with mitochondrial damage, calcium overload, and oxidative stress, all of which were effectively alleviated by 4-PBA treatment. Encouragingly, 4-PBA administration also improved bone formation and attenuated osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ER stress plays a crucial role in mediating wear particle-induced osteoblast apoptosis and impaired osteogenic function. These findings underscore the critical involvement of ER stress in wear particle-induced osteolysis and highlight ER stress as a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating wear particle-induced osteogenic reduction and bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhengrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Jianning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Zhongyang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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25
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Malik AI, Storey JM, Storey KB. Regulation of the unfolded protein response during dehydration stress in African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:529-540. [PMID: 35484355 PMCID: PMC10468459 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a wide-ranging cellular response to accumulation of malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and acts as a quality control mechanism to halt protein processing and repair/destroy malfolded proteins under stress conditions of many kinds. Among vertebrate species, amphibians experience the greatest challenges in maintaining water and osmotic balance, the high permeability of their skin making them very susceptible to dehydration and challenging their ability to maintain cellular homeostasis. The present study evaluates the involvement of the UPR in dealing with dehydration-mediated disruption of protein processing in the tissues of African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis. This primarily aquatic frog must deal with seasonal drought conditions in its native southern Africa environment. Key markers of cellular stress that impact protein processing were identified in six tissues of frogs that had lost 28% of total body water, as compared with fully hydrated controls. This included upregulation of glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) that are resident chaperones in the ER, particularly 2-ninefold increases in GRP58, GRP75, and/or GRP94 in the lung and skin. Activating transcription factors (ATF3, ATF4, ATF6) that mediate UPR responses also responded to dehydration stress, particularly in skeletal muscle where both ATF3 and ATF4 rose strongly in the nucleus. Other protein markers of the UPR including GADD34, GADD153, EDEM, and XBP-1 also showed selective upregulation in frog tissues in response to dehydration and nuclear levels of the transcription factors XBP-1 and P-CREB rose indicating up-regulation of genes under their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Idris Malik
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Janet M Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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26
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Abu-Mahfouz A, Ali M, Elfiky A. Anti-breast cancer drugs targeting cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78: a drug repositioning in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7794-7808. [PMID: 36129131 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2125076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is prevalent worldwide and is a leading cause of death among women. However, cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (cs-GRP78) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and during pathogen infections. This study examines two well-known BC drugs approved by the FDA as BC treatments to GRP78. The first type consists of inhibitors of cyclin-based kinases 4/6, including abemaciclib, palbociclib, ribociclib, and dinaciclib. In addition, tunicamycin, and doxorubicin, which are among the most effective anticancer drugs for early and late-stage BC, are tested against GRP78. As (-)-epiGallocatechin gallate inhibits GRP78, it is also being evaluated (used as positive control). Thus, using molecular dynamics simulation approaches, this study aims to examine the advantages of targeting GRP78, which represents a promising cancer therapy regime. In light of recent advances in computational drug response prediction models, this study aimed to examine the benefits of GRP78 targeting, which represents a promising cancer therapy regime, by utilizing combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. The simulated protein (50 ns) was docked with the drugs, then a second round of dynamics simulation was performed for 100 ns. After that, the binding free energies were calculated from 30 to 100 ns for each complex during the simulation period. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of abemaciclib, ribociclib, and tunicamycin in binding to the nucleotide-binding domain of the GRP78, paving the way for elucidating the mode of interactions between these drugs and cancer (and other stressed) cells that overexpress GRP78.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abu-Mahfouz
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Ali
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdo Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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27
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Akinyemi AO, Simpson KE, Oyelere SF, Nur M, Ngule CM, Owoyemi BCD, Ayarick VA, Oyelami FF, Obaleye O, Esoe DP, Liu X, Li Z. Unveiling the dark side of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in cancers and other human pathology: a systematic review. Mol Med 2023; 29:112. [PMID: 37605113 PMCID: PMC10464436 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that is predominantly expressed in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. GRP78 plays a crucial role in protein folding by assisting in the assembly of misfolded proteins. Under cellular stress conditions, GRP78 can translocate to the cell surface (csGRP78) were it interacts with different ligands to initiate various intracellular pathways. The expression of csGRP78 has been associated with tumor initiation and progression of multiple cancer types. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing evidence on the roles of GRP78 in various types of cancer and other human pathology. Additionally, the review discusses the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying GRP78's involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer advancement. Furthermore, we highlight recent innovative approaches employed in downregulating GRP78 expression in cancers as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Nur
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Felix Femi Oyelami
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Dave-Preston Esoe
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
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28
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Wei W, Qin F, Gao J, Chang J, Pan X, Jiang X, Che L, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Xu S. The effect of maternal consumption of high-fat diet on ovarian development in offspring. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 255:107294. [PMID: 37421833 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The environment encountered by the fetus during its development exerts a profound influence on its physiological function and disease risk in adulthood. Women's intake of high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation has gradually become an issue of widespread concern. Maternal high-fat diet will not only cause abnormal neurological development and metabolic syndrome symptoms in the offspring, but also affect the fertility of female offspring. Maternal high-fat diet affects the expression of genes related to follicle growth in offspring, such as AAT, AFP and GDF-9, which reduces the number of follicles and impairs follicle development. Additionally, maternal high-fat diet also affects ovarian health by inducing ovarian oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, which collectively can impair the reproductive potential of female offspring. Reproductive potential carries significant importance for both humans and animals. Therefore, this review aims to describe the effect of maternal exposure to high-fat diet on the ovarian development of offspring and to discuss possible mechanisms by which maternal diet affects the growth and metabolism of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Wei
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Feng Qin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xujing Pan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan, PR China.
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29
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Kumar A, Das SK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. Applications of tissue-specific and cancer-selective gene promoters for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:253-315. [PMID: 37704290 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment of solid tumors with standard of care chemotherapies, radiation therapy and/or immunotherapies are often limited by severe adverse toxic effects, resulting in a narrow therapeutic index. Cancer gene therapy represents a targeted approach that in principle could significantly reduce undesirable side effects in normal tissues while significantly inhibiting tumor growth and progression. To be effective, this strategy requires a clear understanding of the molecular biology of cancer development and evolution and developing biological vectors that can serve as vehicles to target cancer cells. The advent and fine tuning of omics technologies that permit the collective and spatial recognition of genes (genomics), mRNAs (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), metabolites (metabolomics), epiomics (epigenomics, epitranscriptomics, and epiproteomics), and their interactomics in defined complex biological samples provide a roadmap for identifying crucial targets of relevance to the cancer paradigm. Combining these strategies with identified genetic elements that control target gene expression uncovers significant opportunities for developing guided gene-based therapeutics for cancer. The purpose of this review is to overview the current state and potential limitations in developing gene promoter-directed targeted expression of key genes and highlights their potential applications in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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30
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Ei ZZ, Hutamekalin P, Prommeenate P, Singh A, Benjakul S, Visuttijai K, Chanvorachote P. Chitooligosaccharide prevents vascular endothelial cell apoptosis by attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress via suppression of oxidative stress through Nrf2-SOD1 up-regulation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2155-2166. [PMID: 36300849 PMCID: PMC9621211 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2133150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to endothelium pathological conditions. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have health benefits, but their effect on endothelial cells is unknown. We demonstrate for the first time a protective effect of COS against ER-induced endothelial cell damage. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of COS on ER stress-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Endothelial (EA.hy926) cells were pre-treated with COS (250 or 500 μg/mL) for 24 h, and then treated with 0.16 μg/mL of Tg for 24 h and compared to the untreated control. Apoptosis and necrosis were detected by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide co-staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with the DCFH2-DA and DHE probes. The protective pathway and ER stress markers were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS COS attenuated ER stress-induced cell death. The viability of EA.hy926 cells treated with Tg alone was 44.97 ± 1% but the COS pre-treatment increased cells viability to 74.74 ± 3.95% in the 250 μg/mL COS and 75.34 ± 2.4% in the 500 μg/mL COS treatments. Tg induced ER stress and ROS, which were associated with ER stress-mediated death. Interestingly, COS reduced ROS by upregulating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the oxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) and catalase. COS also suppressed up-regulation of the ER-related apoptosis protein, CHOP induced by Tg. CONCLUSIONS COS protected against ER stress-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells by suppressing ROS and up-regulation Nrf2 and SOD1. These findings support the use of COS to protect endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Zin Ei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pilaiwanwadee Hutamekalin
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Peerada Prommeenate
- Biochemical Engineering and Systems Biology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kittichate Visuttijai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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31
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Ei ZZ, Benjakul S, Buamard N, Visuttijai K, Chanvorachote P. Shrimp Lipid Prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Endothelial Cell Damage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193076. [PMID: 36230152 PMCID: PMC9563643 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp contains a fat that benefits cardiovascular function and may help in the prevention of diseases. The stress of essential cellular organelle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is linked to endothelial dysfunction and damage. This research aimed at investigating the effect of shrimp lipid (SL) on endothelial cells in response to ER stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Human endothelial cells were pretreated with SL (250 and 500 μg/mL) for 24 h, and treated with 0.16 μg/mL of Thapsigargin (Tg) for 24 h. The apoptosis and necrosis were detected by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) co-staining. Cellular signaling pathways and ER stress markers were evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. SL protected against ER-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. According to the results, the viability of EA.hy926 cells treated with Tg alone was 44.97 ± 1%, but SL (250 μg/mL) pretreatment increased cell viability to 77.26 ± 3.9%, and SL (500 μg/mL) increased to 72.42 ± 4.3%. SL suppressed the increase in ER stress regulator glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and attenuated the RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER eukaryotic initiation factor-2α kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signaling protein 1 (IRE1) pathways. SL could inhibit cell damage by reducing the ER-related apoptosis protein, C/EBPα-homologous protein (CHOP), induced by ER stress. Taken together, we found the protective effect and mechanism of SL in protecting ER stress-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through suppression of the ER stress pathway. The findings may support the potential use of SL as an approach with a protective effect on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Zin Ei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Natchaphol Buamard
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittichate Visuttijai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-2218-8344
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Spinal Stroke: Outcome Attenuation by Erythropoietin and Carbamylated Erythropoietin and Its Prediction by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Serum Levels in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179558. [PMID: 36076955 PMCID: PMC9455176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal strokes may be associated with tremendous spinal cord injury. Erythropoietin (EPO) improves the neurological outcome of animals after spinal cord ischemia (SCI) and its effects on ischemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are considered possible molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, sphingosin-1-phosphate (S1P) is suggested to correlate with SCI. In this study, the effect of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) and carbamylated EPO (cEPO-Fc) on the outcome of mice after SCI and a prognostic value of S1P were investigated. SCI was induced in 12-month-old male mice by thoracic aortal cross-clamping after administration of rhEPO, cEPO-Fc, or a control. The locomotory behavior of mice was evaluated by the Basso mouse scale and S1P serum levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The spinal cord was examined histologically and the expressions of key UPR proteins (ATF6, PERK, and IRE1a, caspase-12) were analyzed utilizing immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RhEPO and cEPO-Fc significantly improved outcomes after SCI. The expression of caspase-12 significantly increased in the control group within the first 24 h of reperfusion. Animals with better locomotory behavior had significantly higher serum levels of S1P. Our data indicate that rhEPO and cEPO-Fc have protective effects on the clinical outcome and neuronal tissue of mice after SCI and that the ER is involved in the molecular mechanisms. Moreover, serum S1P may predict the severity of impairment after SCI.
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XAF1 drives apoptotic switch of endoplasmic reticulum stress response through destabilization of GRP78 and CHIP. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:655. [PMID: 35902580 PMCID: PMC9334361 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor-1 (XAF1) is a stress-inducible tumor suppressor that is commonly inactivated in many human cancers. Despite accumulating evidence for the pro-apoptotic role for XAF1 under various stressful conditions, its involvement in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response remains undefined. Here, we report that XAF1 increases cell sensitivity to ER stress and acts as a molecular switch in unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated cell-fate decisions favoring apoptosis over adaptive autophagy. Mechanistically, XAF1 interacts with and destabilizes ER stress sensor GRP78 through the assembly of zinc finger protein 313 (ZNF313)-mediated destruction complex. Moreover, XAF1 expression is activated through PERK-Nrf2 signaling and destabilizes C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) ubiquitin E3 ligase, thereby blocking CHIP-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination and subsequent phosphorylation of inositol-required enzyme-1α (IRE1α) that is involved in in the adaptive ER stress response. In tumor xenograft assays, XAF1-/- tumors display substantially lower regression compared to XAF1+/+ tumors in response to cytotoxic dose of ER stress inducer. XAF1 and GRP78 expression show an inverse correlation in human cancer cell lines and primary breast carcinomas. Collectively this study uncovers an important role for XAF1 as a linchpin to govern the sensitivity to ER stress and the outcomes of UPR signaling, illuminating the mechanistic consequence of XAF1 inactivation in tumorigenesis.
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Samsuzzaman M, Jang BC. Growth-Suppressive and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Tetrandrine in SW872 Human Malignant Liposarcoma Cells via Activation of Caspase-9, Down-Regulation of XIAP and STAT-3, and ER Stress. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060843. [PMID: 35740967 PMCID: PMC9221093 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a rare and heterogeneous soft tissue malignant tumor and has a significant impact on mortality with a poor prognosis. To date, there is no effective treatment for liposarcoma, whereas surgical resection is only the gold treatment with numerous adverse effects. Here we investigated whether tetrandrine inhibits the growth of SW872 human malignant liposarcoma cells. Of note, tetrandrine at 10 μM vastly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by increased nuclear DNA fragmentation and sub-G1 population of SW872 cells. Mechanistically, treatment with tetrandrine led to activation of caspase-9/3 in SW872 cells, and z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, attenuated the tetrandrine-induced apoptosis and growth suppression in SW872 cells. In addition, tetrandrine treatment resulted in down-regulation of XIAP andSTAT-3 in SW872 cells, and importantly knockdown of STAT-3 caused a significant reduction of the cell survival. Tetrandrine also had abilities to up-regulate not only the expression of GRP78 and ATF-4 but also the phosphorylation of eIF-2α in SW872 cells. In summary, these results demonstrated that tetrandrine has strong growth-suppressive and apoptosis-inducing effects on SW872 cells, which are mediated through control of the intrinsic caspase pathway, down-regulation of XIAP and STAT-3, and triggering ER stress.
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Gonzalez-Gronow M, Pizzo SV. Physiological Roles of the Autoantibodies to the 78-Kilodalton Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061222. [PMID: 35740249 PMCID: PMC9219851 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), a member of the 70 kDa heat-shock family of molecular chaperones (HSP70), is essential for the regulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) resulting from cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. During ER stress, GRP78 evades retention mechanisms and is translocated to the cell surface (csGRP78) where it functions as an autoantigen. Autoantibodies to GRP78 appear in prostate, ovarian, gastric, malignant melanoma, and colorectal cancers. They are also found in autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder (AMOGAD), Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). In NMO, MS, and NPSLE these autoantibodies disrupt and move across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), facilitating their entry and that of other pathogenic antibodies to the brain. Although csGRP78 is common in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, there are major differences in the specificity of its autoantibodies. Here, we discuss how ER mechanisms modulate csGRP78 antigenicity and the production of autoantibodies, permitting this chaperone to function as a dual compartmentalized receptor with independent signaling pathways that promote either pro-proliferative or apoptotic signaling, depending on whether the autoantibodies bind csGRP78 N- or C-terminal regions.
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Xu Y, Jang J, Gye MC. The Xenopus laevis teratogenesis assay for developmental toxicity of phthalate plasticizers and alternatives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118985. [PMID: 35167930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of phthalate ester plasticizers threatens the wildlife as well as human health. To evaluate the developmental toxicity of commonly used phthalate esters and emerging alternatives, the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) was conducted for dibutyl-phthalate (DBP), benzyl-butyl-phthalate (BBP), dioctyl-terephthalate (DOTP), di(2-propylheptyl)-phthalate (DPHP), diisononyl-phthalate (DINP), diisodecyl-phthalate (DIDP), diethyl hexyl cyclohexane (DEHCH), and diisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). The 96-hrs LC50 for DBP, BBP, DOTP, DIDP, DINCH, DINP, DPHP, and DEHCH were 18.3, 20.1, 588.7, 718.0, 837.5, 859.3, 899.0, and 899.0 mg/L, respectively. The 96-hrs EC50 of developmental abnormality of DBP, BBP, DPHP, DOTP, DINP, DEHCH, DINCH, and DIDP were 7.5, 18.2, 645.1, 653.6, 664.4, 745.6, 813.7, and 944.5 mg/L, respectively. The lowest observed effective concentration for embryonic survival, malformation, and growth was DINP, DBP, BBP, DIDP, DPHP, DINCH, DEHCH, and DOTP in increasing order. In tadpoles, DBP, BBP, DEHCH, DINP, and DIDP caused inositol-requiring enzyme 1 or protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase pathway endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in order, and BBP, DBP, DOTP, DPHP, DINP, and DIDP caused long term ERS-related apoptosis or mitochondrial apoptosis in order. Together, in Xenopus embryos, the developmental toxicity and the cellular stress-inducing potential of tested plasticizers were DEHCH, DINCH, DPHP, DIDP, DINP, DOTP, BBP, and DBP in increasing order. In consideration of public as well as environmental health this information would be helpful for industrial choice of phthalate ester plasticizers and their alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Jang
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Omarigliptin attenuates rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Possible role of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and immune modulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113015. [PMID: 35439590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effect of omarigliptin (OG), an antidiabetic drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), in a Parkinson's disease (PD) rotenone-based rat-model. Results showed that OG attenuated motor impairment, histological aberrations, α-synuclein accumulation, and rescued the dopaminergic neurons in rotenone-administered rats. Furthermore, OG halted rotenone-induced oxidative stress; as shown by reduced lipid peroxidation, decline in the oxidative stress sensor (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and its downstream heme oxygenase-1. In addition, OG abrogated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in rotenone-treated rats. Moreover, OG ameliorated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rotenone-administered rats; as evidenced by reduced levels of ER resident proteins such as glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and apoptotic caspase-12. In conclusion, this study implies repurposing of OG, as a novel neuroprotective agent due to its antioxidant properties, its effects on ER stress in addition to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Mlyczyńska E, Kieżun M, Kurowska P, Dawid M, Pich K, Respekta N, Daudon M, Rytelewska E, Dobrzyń K, Kamińska B, Kamiński T, Smolińska N, Dupont J, Rak A. New Aspects of Corpus Luteum Regulation in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Involvement of Adipokines and Neuropeptides. Cells 2022; 11:957. [PMID: 35326408 PMCID: PMC8946127 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum is a small gland of great importance because its proper functioning determines not only the appropriate course of the estrous/menstrual cycle and embryo implantation, but also the subsequent maintenance of pregnancy. Among the well-known regulators of luteal tissue functions, increasing attention is focused on the role of neuropeptides and adipose tissue hormones-adipokines. Growing evidence points to the expression of these factors in the corpus luteum of women and different animal species, and their involvement in corpus luteum formation, endocrine function, angiogenesis, cells proliferation, apoptosis, and finally, regression. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the expression and role of adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, apelin, vaspin, visfatin, chemerin, and neuropeptides like ghrelin, orexins, kisspeptin, and phoenixin in the physiological regulation of the corpus luteum function, as well as their potential involvement in pathologies affecting the luteal cells that disrupt the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (K.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Marta Kieżun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.); (B.K.); (T.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (K.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (K.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Karolina Pich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (K.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Natalia Respekta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (K.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Mathilde Daudon
- Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (M.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Edyta Rytelewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.); (B.K.); (T.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Kamil Dobrzyń
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Barbara Kamińska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.); (B.K.); (T.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tadeusz Kamiński
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.); (B.K.); (T.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Nina Smolińska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.); (B.K.); (T.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Joelle Dupont
- Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (M.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (M.D.); (K.P.); (N.R.)
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Fornasiero F, Scapin C, Vitadello M, Pizzo P, Gorza L. Active nNOS Is Required for Grp94-Induced Antioxidant Cytoprotection: A Lesson from Myogenic to Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062915. [PMID: 35328344 PMCID: PMC8954037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone Grp94/gp96 appears to be involved in cytoprotection without being required for cell survival. This study compared the effects of Grp94 protein levels on Ca2+ homeostasis, antioxidant cytoprotection and protein–protein interactions between two widely studied cell lines, the myogenic C2C12 and the epithelial HeLa, and two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HS578T. In myogenic cells, but not in HeLa, Grp94 overexpression exerted cytoprotection by reducing ER Ca2+ storage, due to an inhibitory effect on SERCA2. In C2C12 cells, but not in HeLa, Grp94 co-immunoprecipitated with non-client proteins, such as nNOS, SERCA2 and PMCA, which co-fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation in a distinct, medium density, ER vesicular compartment. Active nNOS was also required for Grp94-induced cytoprotection, since its inhibition by L-NNA disrupted the co-immunoprecipitation and co-fractionation of Grp94 with nNOS and SERCA2, and increased apoptosis. Comparably, only the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, which showed Grp94 co-immunoprecipitation with nNOS, SERCA2 and PMCA, increased oxidant-induced apoptosis after nNOS inhibition or Grp94 silencing. These results identify the Grp94-driven multiprotein complex, including active nNOS as mechanistically involved in antioxidant cytoprotection by means of nNOS activity and improved Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fornasiero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Cristina Scapin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Maurizio Vitadello
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Nourbakhsh M, Sharifi R, Heydari N, Nourbakhsh M, Ezzati-Mobasser S, Zarrinnahad H. Circulating TRB3 and GRP78 levels in type 2 diabetes patients: crosstalk between glucose homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:649-655. [PMID: 34591271 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) is a pseudokinase upregulated by ER stress and hyperglycemia. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an ER stress protein that is overexpressed under ER stress conditions. The current study aimed to investigate serum levels of TRB3 and GRP78, as an ER stress marker, in T2DM patients and their correlations with the metabolic profile. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes and 23 healthy control subjects were evaluated for serum concentrations of TRB3, GRP78, and AGEs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profile, TNF-α and insulin were also measured, and insulin resistance was calculated using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Serum concentrations of TRB3, GRP78, AGEs, and TNF-α were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of TRB3 and FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and AGE. GRP78 levels were positively correlated with HbA1c and AGEs. There was also a positive correlation between GRP78 and TRB3. AGEs levels were positively correlated with the levels of FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that TRB3 and GRP78 may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM and might be considered as a therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Sharifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Heydari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Nourbakhsh
- Hazrat Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Ezzati-Mobasser
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Zarrinnahad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Edamatsu H. Zinc ions negatively regulate proapoptotic signaling in cells expressing oncogenic mutant Ras. Biometals 2022; 35:349-362. [PMID: 35212861 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutational activation of the Ras family of proto-oncogenes promotes cell survival and proliferation. Studies using cells cultured in vitro have shown that ectopic expression of constitutively active Ras suppresses apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. However, in some cellular contexts, constitutively active Ras exerts the opposite effects, including apoptosis of serum-starved embryonic fibroblasts. Such observations first came over two decades ago, but the molecular mechanisms by which mutant Ras increases the susceptibility of cells to serum deprivation leading to apoptosis are still not fully understood. To revisit this issue, I investigate the effects of serum depletion and mutant Ras expression on intracellular signaling and transcriptome of cells carrying an inducible allele of constitutively active mutant Hras (HrasG12V). I identify zinc ions (Zn2+) as a serum factor that suppresses proapoptotic signaling in cells expressing HrasG12V. Mechanistically, HrasG12V expression along with Zn2+ deficiency activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are required for caspase-3 activation involved in the induction of cell death. Transcriptome analyses suggest that HrasG12V induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). Further analyses of intracellular signaling biomolecules related to the UPR indicate that HrasG12V activates inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), which synergizes with Zn2+ deficiency to activate JNK and p38 MAPK signaling. These results provide insights into a role of Zn2+ that counteracts proapoptotic signaling activated by mutationally activated Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Edamatsu
- Department of Biology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
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Enhanced fluorescence/magnetic resonance dual imaging and gene therapy of liver cancer using cationized amylose nanoprobe. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100220. [PMID: 35243295 PMCID: PMC8861411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, various technologies for targeted gene release in cancer treatment have emerged. However, most of these strategies are facing the challenge of untraceable distribution and poor antitumour treatment effects. In this study, we constructed a gene delivery system that integrated a series of components to assemble multifunctional NPs, providing a promising theranostic nanoplatform for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Cationized amylose (CA), superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs), and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) were self-assembled to form nanospheres (CSP/TPE). The prepared NPs was modified with SP94 pepide through amidation reaction, and then survivin small interfering RNA (siRNA) were loaded into the NPs to form CSP/TPE@siRNA-SP94 NPs. Our results showed that the prepared NPs had good size distribution, high RNA condensation and transfection ability. CSP/TPE@siRNA-SP94 NPs exhibited excellent fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging properties in vitro and in vivo. The prepared targeted NPs improved Huh-7 cellular uptake in vitro, and the biodistribution of CSP/TPE@siRNA-SP94 in vivo was observed through in/ex vivo fluorescence imaging system and MRI. As survivin siRNA effectively retained in tumour cells, CSP/TPE@siRNA-SP94 NPs considerably inhibited tumour growth in vivo. In addition, H&E staining results showed that all the prepared CSP-based NPs had good biocompatibilities, as few histological changes or tumour metastasis were observed in major organs of the mice in the treatment group. Therefore, we envisage that the prepared CSP/TPE@siRNA-SP94 NPs can represent a promising strategy for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Hebbar N, Epperly R, Vaidya A, Thanekar U, Moore SE, Umeda M, Ma J, Patil SL, Langfitt D, Huang S, Cheng C, Klco JM, Gottschalk S, Velasquez MP. CAR T cells redirected to cell surface GRP78 display robust anti-acute myeloid leukemia activity and do not target hematopoietic progenitor cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:587. [PMID: 35102167 PMCID: PMC8803836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing CAR T cells for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been hampered by a paucity of targets that are expressed on AML blasts and not on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Here we demonstrate that GRP78 is expressed on the cell surface of primary AML blasts but not HPCs. To target GRP78, we generate T cell expressing a GRP78-specific peptide-based CAR, which show evidence of minimal fratricide post activation/transduction and antigen-dependent T cell differentiation. GRP78-CAR T cells recognize and kill GRP78-positive AML cells without toxicity to HPCs. In vivo, GRP78-CAR T cells have significant anti-AML activity. To prevent antigen-dependent T cell differentiation, we block CAR signaling and GRP78 cell surface expression post activation by using dasatinib during GRP78-CAR T cell manufacturing. This significantly improves their effector function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, targeting cell surface GRP78-positive AML with CAR T cells is feasible, and warrants further active exploration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Dasatinib/pharmacology
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Hebbar
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Rebecca Epperly
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Abishek Vaidya
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Unmesha Thanekar
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sarah E Moore
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sagar L Patil
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Deanna Langfitt
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sujuan Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - M Paulina Velasquez
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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44
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Vandooren J, Itoh Y. Alpha-2-Macroglobulin in Inflammation, Immunity and Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803244. [PMID: 34970276 PMCID: PMC8712716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-2-macroglobulin is an extracellular macromolecule mainly known for its role as a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor. By presenting itself as an optimal substrate for endopeptidases of all catalytic types, alpha-2-macroglobulin lures active proteases into its molecular cage and subsequently ‘flags’ their complex for elimination. In addition to its role as a regulator of extracellular proteolysis, alpha-2-macroglobulin also has other functions such as switching proteolysis towards small substrates, facilitating cell migration and the binding of cytokines, growth factors and damaged extracellular proteins. These functions appear particularly important in the context of immune-cell function. In this review manuscript, we provide an overview of all functions of alpha-2-macroglobulin and place these in the context of inflammation, immunity and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Cellular Response to Unfolded Proteins in Depression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121376. [PMID: 34947907 PMCID: PMC8707777 DOI: 10.3390/life11121376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many scientific studies on depression, there is no clear conception explaining the causes and mechanisms of depression development. Research conducted in recent years has shown that there is a strong relationship between depression and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In order to restore ER homeostasis, the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) mechanism is activated. Research suggests that ER stress response pathways are continuously activated in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). Therefore, it seems that the recommended drugs should reduce ER stress. A search is currently underway for drugs that will be both effective in reducing ER stress and relieving symptoms of depression.
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46
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Engevik MA, Herrmann B, Ruan W, Engevik AC, Engevik KA, Ihekweazu F, Shi Z, Luck B, Chang-Graham AL, Esparza M, Venable S, Horvath TD, Haidacher SJ, Hoch KM, Haag AM, Schady DA, Hyser JM, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Bifidobacterium dentium-derived y-glutamylcysteine suppresses ER-mediated goblet cell stress and reduces TNBS-driven colonic inflammation. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-21. [PMID: 33985416 PMCID: PMC8128206 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1902717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress compromises the secretion of MUC2 from goblet cells and has been linked with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although Bifidobacterium can beneficially modulate mucin production, little work has been done investigating the effects of Bifidobacterium on goblet cell ER stress. We hypothesized that secreted factors from Bifidobacterium dentium downregulate ER stress genes and modulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to promote MUC2 secretion. We identified by mass spectrometry that B. dentium secretes the antioxidant γ-glutamylcysteine, which we speculate dampens ER stress-mediated ROS and minimizes ER stress phenotypes. B. dentium cell-free supernatant and γ-glutamylcysteine were taken up by human colonic T84 cells, increased glutathione levels, and reduced ROS generated by the ER-stressors thapsigargin and tunicamycin. Moreover, B. dentium supernatant and γ-glutamylcysteine were able to suppress NF-kB activation and IL-8 secretion. We found that B. dentium supernatant, γ-glutamylcysteine, and the positive control IL-10 attenuated the induction of UPR genes GRP78, CHOP, and sXBP1. To examine ER stress in vivo, we first examined mono-association of B. dentium in germ-free mice which increased MUC2 and IL-10 levels compared to germ-free controls. However, no changes were observed in ER stress-related genes, indicating that B. dentium can promote mucus secretion without inducing ER stress. In a TNBS-mediated ER stress model, we observed increased levels of UPR genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in TNBS treated mice, which were reduced with addition of live B. dentium or γ-glutamylcysteine. We also observed increased colonic and serum levels of IL-10 in B. dentium- and γ-glutamylcysteine-treated mice compared to vehicle control. Immunostaining revealed retention of goblet cells and mucus secretion in both B. dentium- and γ-glutamylcysteine-treated animals. Collectively, these data demonstrate positive modulation of the UPR and MUC2 production by B. dentium-secreted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,CONTACT Melinda A. Engevik Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beatrice Herrmann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy C. Engevik
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN, USA
| | - Kristen A. Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Faith Ihekweazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Berkley Luck
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Magdalena Esparza
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Venable
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas D. Horvath
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sigmund J. Haidacher
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hoch
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony M. Haag
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah A. Schady
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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47
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Increased Post-Hypoxic Oxidative Stress and Activation of the PERK Branch of the UPR in Trap1-Deficient Drosophila melanogaster Is Abrogated by Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111586. [PMID: 34769067 PMCID: PMC8583878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is known to impair mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Post-hypoxic perturbations of the ER proteostasis result in the accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins leading to the activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Mitochondrial chaperone TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is reported to preserve mitochondrial membrane potential and to impede reactive oxygen species (ROS) production thereby protecting cells from ER stress as well as oxidative stress. The first-line antidiabetic drug Metformin has been attributed a neuroprotective role after hypoxia. Interestingly, Metformin has been reported to rescue mitochondrial deficits in fibroblasts derived from a patient carrying a homozygous TRAP1 loss-of-function mutation. We sought to investigate a putative link between Metformin, TRAP1, and the UPR after hypoxia. We assessed post-hypoxic/reperfusion longevity, mortality, negative geotaxis, ROS production, metabolic activity, gene expression of antioxidant proteins, and activation of the UPR in Trap1-deficient flies. Following hypoxia, Trap1 deficiency caused higher mortality and greater impairments in negative geotaxis compared to controls. Similarly, post-hypoxic production of ROS and UPR activation was significantly higher in Trap1-deficient compared to control flies. Metformin counteracted the deleterious effects of hypoxia in Trap1-deficient flies but had no protective effect in wild-type flies. We provide evidence that TRAP1 is crucially involved in the post-hypoxic regulation of mitochondrial/ER stress and the activation of the UPR. Metformin appears to rescue Trap1-deficiency after hypoxia mitigating ROS production and downregulating the pro-apoptotic PERK (protein kinase R-like ER kinase) arm of the UPR.
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48
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Karkin K, İzol V, Kaplan M, Değer M, Akdoğan N, Tansuğ MZ. Demonstration of advanced glycation end product (AGE) expression in bladder cancer tissue in type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients and the relationship between AGE accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress with bladder cancer. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14526. [PMID: 34120398 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between advanced glycation end product (AGE) expression and accumulation in transurethral resection (TUR-B) material taken from type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM bladder cancer patients and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) with bladder cancer. METHOD The patients who had TUR-B between May 2016 and September 2018 were included in the study. After the tissue samples had been taken and frozen at -80°C, they were homogenised to be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments. The patients were grouped as DM and non-DM. In both groups, mean AGE, IRE1, PERK and ATF6 expression amounts were evaluated through ELISA method in the pathological material. RESULTS The expression amounts in tissue samples were AGE 0.59 ± 0.03 µg/mL, ATF6 1.08 ± 0.11 µg/mL, IRE1 30.71 ± 1.68 ng/mL, PERK 0.28 ± 0.02 ng. It was /mL. While there was no significant difference amongst AGE µg/mL (P = .146), ATF6 µg/mL (P = .175), IRE1 ng/mL (P = NA) and PERK ng/mL (P = .125) (P > .05) in the presence of DM, a positive correlation was observed between AGE values and PERK ng/mL values (r = .629; P < .05). CONCLUSION Bladder cancer may develop as a result of accumulation of AGEs and ERS. Demonstration of the expression of proteins resulting from AGEs and ERS may be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and development of treatment alternatives for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Karkin
- Department of Urology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Volkan İzol
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mahir Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Değer
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nebil Akdoğan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Zühtü Tansuğ
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
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Song P, Huang H, Ma Y, Wu C, Yang X, Choi HY. Davidone C Induces the Death of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Promoting Apoptosis and Autophagy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175219. [PMID: 34500653 PMCID: PMC8434093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Davidone C is a newly discovered flavonoid compound purified from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels. This study explored the anti-tumor activity of davidone C on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells and its mechanism through MTT method, morphological observation, flow cytometry and Western blotting. The results showed that davidone C significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The morphological changes of apoptotic cells can be observed under an inverted microscope, such as cell floating, chromosome condensation, apoptotic bodies, and other phenomena. The expressions of Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP increased with the increase of dosage while Bcl-2 decreased, suggesting that the apoptotic mechanism might be related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Moreover, davidone C administration can down-regulate the expression of Grp78, and simultaneously up-regulate the expression of caspase-7 and caspase-12, indicating that the apoptotic mechanism might be related to the ERS pathway. In addition, davidone C can down-regulate the expression of p62, and simultaneously up-regulate the expression of LC3-I and LC3-II with a quantitative dependence, suggesting that the mechanism of apoptosis may be related to the autophagy signal pathway. All these results showed davidone C has potential effects on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, China;
| | - Huiqi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuanren Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (C.W.)
| | - Chaoqun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (C.W.)
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.H.); (Y.M.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.-Y.C.); Tel.: +86-27-6784-1196 (X.Y.); +82-2-9619372 (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Ho-Young Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.-Y.C.); Tel.: +86-27-6784-1196 (X.Y.); +82-2-9619372 (H.-Y.C.)
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50
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4173. [PMID: 34439330 PMCID: PMC8394177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated by different signaling routes that involve a variety of subcellular organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and death. Pancreatic cells exhibit high hormone and enzyme secretory functions, and thereby show a highly developed ER. Thus, pancreatic cancer cells display a prominent ER. Solid tumors have to cope with adverse situations in which hypoxia, lack of certain nutrients, and the action of certain antitumor agents lead to a complex interplay and crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy-the latter acting as an adaptive survival response. ER stress also mediates cell death induced by a number of anticancer drugs and experimental conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of ER stress in modulating cell fate. The alkylphospholipid analog prototype edelfosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells, accumulates in the ER of a number of human solid tumor cells-including pancreatic cancer cells-and promotes apoptosis through a persistent ER-stress-mediated mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we discuss and propose that direct ER targeting may be a promising approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of this currently incurable and deadly cancer. Furthermore, because autophagy acts as a cytoprotective response to ER stress, potentiation of the triggering of a persistent ER response by combination therapy, together with the use of autophagy blockers, could improve the current gloomy expectations for finding a cure for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
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