1
|
Hemagirri M, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Adnan M, Patel M, Sasidharan S. RNA-sequencing exploration on SIR2 and SOD genes in Polyalthia longifolia leaf methanolic extracts (PLME) mediated anti-aging effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. Biogerontology 2024:10.1007/s10522-024-10104-y. [PMID: 38619670 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyalthia longifolia is well-known for its abundance of polyphenol content and traditional medicinal uses. Previous research has demonstrated that the methanolic extract of P. longifolia leaves (PLME, 1 mg/mL) possesses anti-aging properties in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. Building on these findings, this study delves deeper into the potential antiaging mechanism of PLME, by analyzing the transcriptional responses of BY611 cells treated with PLME using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. The RNA-seq analysis results identified 1691 significantly (padj < 0.05) differentially expressed genes, with 947 upregulated and 744 downregulated genes. Notably, the expression of three important aging-related genes, SIR2, SOD1, and SOD2, showed a significant difference following PLME treatment. The subsequent integration of these targeted genes with GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed the multifaceted nature of PLME's anti-aging effects in BY611 yeast cells. Enriched GO and KEGG analysis showed that PLME treatment promotes the upregulation of SIR2, SOD1, and SOD2 genes, leading to a boosted cellular antioxidant defense system, reduced oxidative stress, regulated cell metabolism, and maintain genome stability. These collectively increased longevities in PLME-treated BY611 yeast cells and indicate the potential anti-aging action of PLME through the modulation of SIR2 and SOD genes. The present study provided novel insights into the roles of SIR2, SOD1, and SOD2 genes in the anti-aging effects of PLME treatment, offering promising interventions for promoting healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, India
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jing HH, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Sasidharan S. The future of plant based green carbon dots as cancer Nanomedicine: From current progress to future Perspectives and beyond. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38320729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of carbon dots (CDs) as anticancer agents had sparked a transformation in cancer research and treatment strategies. These fluorescent CDs, initially introduced in the early 2000 s, possess exceptional biocompatibility, tunable fluorescence, and surface modification capabilities, positioning them as promising tools in biomedical applications. AIM OF REVIEW The review encapsulates the transformative trajectory of green CDs as future anticancer nanomedicine, poised to redefine the strategies employed in the ongoing fight against cancer. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The versatility of CDs was rooted in their various synthesis approaches and sustainable strategies, enabling their adaptability for diverse therapeutic uses. In vitro studies had showcased CDs' selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells while sparing healthy counterparts, forming the basis for targeted therapeutic potential. This selectivity had been attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which opened avenues for targeted interventions. The role of CDs in combination therapies, synergizing with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted approaches was then investigated to heighten their anticancer efficacy. Notably, in vivo studies highlight CDs' remarkable biocompatibility and minimal side effects, endorsing their translational promise. Integration with conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy amplified the versatility and effectiveness of CDs. The exploration of CDs' applications in photo-induced treatments further solidified their significance, positioning them as photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal agents (PA) in photothermal therapy (PTT). In PDT, CDs triggered the generation of ROS upon light exposure, facilitating cancer cell elimination, while in PTT, they induced localized hyperthermia within cancer cells, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In vitro and in vivo investigations validated CDs' efficacy in PDT and PTT, affirming their potential for integration into combination therapies. Looking ahead, the future of CDs in anticancer treatment encompasses bioavailability, biocompatibility, synergistic treatments, tumor targeting, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics integration, personalized medicine, and clinical translation. This transformative odyssey of CDs as future anticancer agents is poised to redefine the paradigm of cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hui Jing
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ali A Shati
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I Elbehairi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hemagirri M, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sahreen S, Adnan M, Sasidharan S. Crosstalk between protein misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum stress during ageing and their role in age-related disorders. Biochimie 2023:S0300-9084(23)00290-0. [PMID: 37918463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the proteome is crucial to retaining cell functionality and response to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Protein misfolding increased the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cell homeostasis. Apoptosis occurs when ER stress is prolonged or the adaptive response fails. In healthy young cells, the ratio of protein folding machinery to quantities of misfolded proteins is balanced under normal circumstances. However, the age-related deterioration of the complex systems for handling protein misfolding is accompanied by ageing-related disruption of protein homeostasis, which results in the build-up of misfolded and aggregated proteins. This ultimately results in decreased cell viability and forms the basis of common age-related diseases called protein misfolding diseases. Proteins or protein fragments convert from their ordinarily soluble forms to insoluble fibrils or plaques in many of these disorders, which build up in various organs such as the liver, brain, or spleen. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type II diabetes, and cancer are diseases in this group commonly manifest in later life. Thus, protein misfolding and its prevention by chaperones and different degradation paths are becoming understood from molecular perspectives. Proteodynamics information will likely affect future interventional techniques to combat cellular stress and support healthy ageing by avoiding and treating protein conformational disorders. This review provides an overview of the diverse proteostasis machinery, protein misfolding, and ER stress involvement, which activates the UPR sensors. Here, we will discuss the crosstalk between protein misfolding and ER stress and their role in developing age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P. O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasidharan S, Bezrodnova O, Rau S, Quint W, Sturm S, Blaum K. Penning-Trap Mass Measurement of Helium-4. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:093201. [PMID: 37721828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-ion trap (LIONTRAP), a high-precision Penning-trap mass spectrometer, was used to determine the atomic mass of ^{4}He. Here, we report a 12 parts-per-trillion measurement of the mass of a ^{4}He^{2+} ion, m(^{4}He^{2+})=4.001 506 179 651(48) u. From this, the atomic mass of the neutral atom can be determined without loss of precision: m(^{4}He)=4.002 603 254 653(48) u. This result is slightly more precise than the current CODATA18 literature value but deviates by 6.6 standard deviations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sasidharan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Bezrodnova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Rau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Quint
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vijayarathna S, Oon CE, Al-Zahrani M, Abualreesh MH, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sahreen S, Ghazanfar S, Adnan M, Sasidharan S. Standardized Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract induces the apoptotic HeLa cells death via microRNA regulation: identification, validation, and therapeutic potential. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1198425. [PMID: 37693900 PMCID: PMC10483226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1198425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia Thw. (Annonaceae), is a famous traditional medicinal plant in Asia. Ample data specifies that the medicinal plant P. longifolia has anticancer activity; however, the detailed mechanisms of action still need to be well studied. Recent studies have revealed the cytotoxicity potential of P. longifolia leaf against HeLa cells. Therefore, the current study was conducted to examine the regulation of miRNAs in HeLa cancer cells treated with the standardized P. longifolia methanolic leaf extract (PLME). The regulation of miRNAs in HeLa cancer cells treated with the standardized PLME extract was studied through Illumina, Hi-Seq. 2000 platform of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and various in silico bioinformatics tools. The PLME treatment regulated a subset of miRNAs in HeLa cells. Interestingly, the PLME treatment against HeLa cancer cells identified 10 upregulated and 43 downregulated (p < 0.05) miRNAs associated with apoptosis induction. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis indicated that PLME induces cell death in HeLa cells by inducing the pro-apoptotic genes. Moreover, the downregulated oncomiRs modulated by PLME treatment in HeLa cells were identified, targeting apoptosis-related genes through gene ontology and pathway analysis. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified the presence of Vidarabine and Anandamide compounds that were previously reported to exhibit anticancer activity. The findings of this study obviously linked the cell cytotoxicity effect of PLME treatment against the HeLa cells with regulating various miRNAs expression related to apoptosis induction in the HeLa cells. PLME treatment induced apoptotic HeLa cell death mechanism by regulating multiple miRNAs. The identified miRNAs regulated by PLME may provide further insight into the mechanisms that play a critical role in cervical cancer, as well as novel ideas regarding gene therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soundararajan Vijayarathna
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Majid Al-Zahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muyassar H. Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jagat R. Kanwar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bilaspur, India
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cilwyn-Shalitha B, Sasidharan S. Mechanisms of the In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extract Against HeLa Cell Xenograft Tumor: A Microscopic-Based Histological and Immunohistochemical Microanalyses. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1153-1167. [PMID: 37749670 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract against the growth of HeLa cell xenograft tumor in nude mice and its underlying mechanism. The nude mice xenografted with HeLa cells were treated with 5% DMSO (vehicle control), 20 mg/kg/body weight of etoposide (positive control), and 500 and 1000 mg/kg/body weight of leaf extract, respectively. Antitumor activity was evaluated with apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis using microscopic-based histological and immunohistochemical microanalyses. The tumor tissue histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the HeLa tumor cell death was associated with apoptosis and decreased (p < 0.05) expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues. The extract also inhibits tumor angiogenesis by downregulating (p < 0.05) the expression of VEGF and CD31 in tumor tissues after treatment for 35 days. Conclusively, the P. longifolia leaf extract effectively inhibited HeLa cell xenograft growth in nude mice. The possible mechanism was related to induction of apoptosis, inhibition of tumor HeLa cell proliferation by decreasing the Ki-67 protein expression, and prevention of tumor angiogenesis by reducing VEGF and CD31 protein expression in HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braganza Cilwyn-Shalitha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oon CE, Subramaniam AV, Ooi LY, Yehya AHS, Lee YT, Kaur G, Sasidharan S, Qiu B, Wang X. BZD9L1 benzimidazole analogue hampers colorectal tumor progression by impeding angiogenesis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:810-827. [PMID: 37275453 PMCID: PMC10237024 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new vasculatures (angiogenesis) is indispensable in supplying oxygen and nutrients to fuel tumor growth. Epigenetic dysregulation in the tumor vasculature is critical to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Sirtuin (SIRT) enzymes are highly expressed in blood vessels. BZD9L1 benzimidazole analogue is a SIRT 1 and 2 inhibitor with reported anticancer activities in CRC. However, its role has yet to be explored in CRC tumor angiogenesis.
AIM To investigate the anti-angiogenic potential of BZD9L1 on endothelial cells (EC) in vitro, ex vivo and in HCT116 CRC xenograft in vivo models.
METHODS EA.hy926 EC were treated with half inhibitory concentration (IC50) (2.5 μM), IC50 (5.0 μM), and double IC50 (10.0 μM) of BZD9L1 and assessed for cell proliferation, adhesion and SIRT 1 and 2 protein expression. Next, 2.5 μM and 5.0 μM of BZD9L1 were employed in downstream in vitro assays, including cell cycle, cell death and sprouting in EC. The effect of BZD9L1 on cell adhesion molecules and SIRT 1 and 2 were assessed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The growth factors secreted by EC post-treatment were evaluated using the Quantibody Human Angiogenesis Array. Indirect co-culture with HCT116 CRC cells was performed to investigate the impact of growth factors modulated by BZD9L1-treated EC on CRC. The effect of BZD9L1 on sprouting impediment and vessel regression was determined using mouse choroids. HCT116 cells were also injected subcutaneously into nude mice and analyzed for the outcome of BZD9L1 on tumor necrosis, Ki67 protein expression indicative of proliferation, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and CD34 EC markers, and SIRT 1 and 2 genes via hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry and qPCR, respectively.
RESULTS BZD9L1 impeded EC proliferation, adhesion, and spheroid sprouting through the downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular endothelial cadherin, integrin-alpha V, SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes. The compound also arrested the cells at G1 phase and induced apoptosis in the EC. In mouse choroids, BZD9L1 inhibited sprouting and regressed sprouting vessels compared to the negative control. Compared to the negative control, the compound also reduced the protein levels of angiogenin, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and placental growth factor, which then inhibited HCT116 CRC spheroid invasion in co-culture. In addition, a significant reduction in CRC tumor growth was noted alongside the downregulation of human SIRT1 (hSIRT1), hSIRT2, CD31, and CD34 EC markers and murine SIRT2 gene, while the murine SIRT1 gene remained unaffected, compared to vehicle control. Histology analyses revealed that BZD9L1 at low (50 mg/kg) and high (250 mg/kg) doses reduced Ki-67 protein expression, while BZD9L1 at the high dose diminished tumor necrosis compared to vehicle control.
CONCLUSION These results highlighted the anti-angiogenic potential of BZD9L1 to reduce CRC tumor progression. Furthermore, together with previous anticancer findings, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of BZD9L1 to co-target CRC tumor vasculatures and cancer cells via SIRT1 and/or SIRT2 down-regulation to improve the therapeutic outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ayappa V Subramaniam
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Lik Yang Ooi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya
- Cancer Research, Eman Biodiscoveries, Kedah 08000, Malaysia
- Vatche and Tamar Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yeuan Ting Lee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Beiying Qiu
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ranjutha V, Chen Y, Al-Keridis LA, Patel M, Alshammari N, Adnan M, Sahreen S, Gopinath SCB, Sasidharan S. Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftriaxone and Polyalthia longifolia Methanol (MEPL) Leaf Extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Modulation of mecA Gene Presence. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030477. [PMID: 36978344 PMCID: PMC10044657 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an essential source of traditional curatives for numerous skin diseases. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites (Annonaceae family) is a medicinal plant used to cure skin illnesses. P. longifolia is usually applied in folkloric therapeutical systems to treat skin diseases. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria is among the essential bacteria contributing to skin diseases. Hence, to verify the traditional medicinal claim of P. longifolia usage in skin disease treatment, the current research was performed to study the synergistic antibacterial activity of standardized Polyalthia longifolia methanol leaf extract (MEPL) against MRSA bacteria. The synergistic antimicrobial activity result of ceftriaxone, when mixed with MEPL, against MRSA was investigated by the disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method, checkerboard dilution test, and modulation of mecA gene expression by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR). The MEPL extract exhibited good synergistic antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Using the checkerboard method, we confirmed the synergistic effect of MEPL from P. longifolia and ceftriaxone (2:1) for MRSA with a marked reduction of the MIC value of the ceftriaxone from 8000 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL. Moreover, the combination of MEPL with ceftriaxone significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the presence of the resistant mecA gene in the tested strain. The LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis identified compounds that were reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity. Conclusively, the MEPL extract, an important etiological agent for skin diseases, showed worthy synergistic antimicrobial action against MRSA bacteria, thus supporting the traditional use of P. longifolia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valiappan Ranjutha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (L.A.A.-K.); (S.S.)
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (L.A.A.-K.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jing HH, Bardakci F, Akgöl S, Kusat K, Adnan M, Alam MJ, Gupta R, Sahreen S, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sasidharan S. Green Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010027. [PMID: 36662074 PMCID: PMC9863160 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new category of crystalline, quasi-spherical fluorescence, "zero-dimensional" carbon nanomaterials with a spatial size between 1 nm to 10 nm and have gained widespread attention in recent years. Green CDs are carbon dots synthesised from renewable biomass such as agro-waste, plants or medicinal plants and other organic biomaterials. Plant-mediated synthesis of CDs is a green chemistry approach that connects nanotechnology with the green synthesis of CDs. Notably, CDs made with green technology are economical and far superior to those manufactured with physicochemical methods due to their exclusive benefits, such as being affordable, having high stability, having a simple protocol, and being safer and eco-benign. Green CDs can be synthesized by using ultrasonic strategy, chemical oxidation, carbonization, solvothermal and hydrothermal processes, and microwave irradiation using various plant-based organic resources. CDs made by green technology have diverse applications in biomedical fields such as bioimaging, biosensing and nanomedicine, which are ascribed to their unique properties, including excellent luminescence effect, strong stability and good biocompatibility. This review mainly focuses on green CDs synthesis, characterization techniques, beneficial properties of plant resource-based green CDs and their biomedical applications. This review article also looks at the research gaps and future research directions for the continuous deepening of the exploration of green CDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hui Jing
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sinan Akgöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kusat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, DokuzEylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-12-532-3462; Fax: +60-4-653-4803
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Othman HIA, Alkatib HH, Zaid A, Sasidharan S, Rahiman SSF, Lee TP, Dimitrovski G, Althakafy JT, Wong YF. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Citrus hystrix, Citrus limon, Citrus pyriformis, and Citrus microcarpa Leaf Essential Oils against Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:134. [PMID: 36616263 PMCID: PMC9823843 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil derived from Citrus plants has long been used for medicinal purposes, due to its broad spectrum of therapeutic characteristics. To date, approximately 162 Citrus species have been identified, and many investigational studies have been conducted to explore the pharmacological potential of Citrus spp. oils. This study investigated the volatile constituents of essential oil distilled from the leaves of C. hystrix, C. limon, C. pyriformis, and C. microcarpa, using gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry. A total of 80 secondary compounds were tentatively identified, representing 84.88-97.99% of the total ion count and mainly comprising monoterpene (5.20-76.15%) and sesquiterpene (1.36-27.14%) hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes (3.91-89.52%) and sesquiterpenes (0.21-38.87%), and other minor chemical classes (0.10-0.52%). In particular, 27 compounds (1.19-39.06%) were detected across all Citrus species. Principal component analysis of the identified phytoconstituents and their relative quantities enabled differentiation of the Citrus leaf oils according to their species, with the loading variables contributing to these metabolic differences being identified. The Citrus leaf oils were tested for their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The results indicated that C. limon displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC50 value of 29.14 ± 1.97 mg/mL), while C. hystrix exhibited the lowest activity (IC50 value of 279.03 ± 10.37 mg/mL). On the other hand, all the Citrus oils exhibit potent antiproliferative activities against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 11.66 μg/mL (C. limon), 20.41 μg/mL (C. microcarpa), 25.91 μg/mL (C. hystrix), and 87.17 μg/mL (C. pyriformis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Ibrahim Al Othman
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Huda Hisham Alkatib
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Atiqah Zaid
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Tien Ping Lee
- RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, 4 Jalan Sepoy Lines, George Town 10450, Penang, Malaysia
| | - George Dimitrovski
- Ajoya Capital Limited, World Trade Centre 1, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Kav. 29-31, Jakarta 12920, Indonesia
| | - Jalal T. Althakafy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Foo Wong
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S. In vitro antiaging activity of polyphenol rich Polyalthia longifolia (Annonaceae) leaf extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 290:115110. [PMID: 35181488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia Thw. (Annonaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine as a tonic for rejuvenation and exhibiting good antioxidant activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate P. longifolia methanolic leaf extract (PLME) antiaging activity at 1 mg/mL in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiaging effect of PLME was studied via replicative lifespan assay, antioxidative stress assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, reduced glutathione (GSH) determination, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) genes regulation studies and SOD and SIRT1 proteins activities. RESULTS The PLME treatment increased the growth and prolonged the lifespan of the yeast significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the untreated yeast group. Besides, the PLME also protected the yeast from oxidative stress induced by 4-mM-H2O2 via decreasing (p < 0.05) the ROS from 143.207 to 127.223. The antioxidative action of PLME was proved by spot assay. Phloxine B staining was further confirmed the PLME antioxidative action of PLME, where more whitish-pink live yeast cells were observed. In addition, the PLME also enhanced GSH content significantly (p < 0.05) in yeast treated with PLME from 16.81 to 25.31 μmol. Furthermore, PLME increased the SOD and SIRT1 genes expression significantly (p < 0.05) with ΔCt values of 1.11 and 1.15, respectively. The significantly (p < 0.05) elevated SOD and SIRT1 protein activities were recorded as 51.54 U/mg Prot and 1716 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PLME exhibited good antiaging activities in S. cerevisiae, by modulating oxidative stress, enhancing GSH content, and increasing SOD and SIRT1 genes expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S. Biology of aging: Oxidative stress and RNA oxidation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5089-5105. [PMID: 35449319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aged people has increased rapidly in recent years and brings profound demographic changes worldwide. The multi-level progression of aging occurs at diverse stages of complexity, from cell to organ systems and eventually to the human as a whole. The cellular and molecular damages are usually regulated by the cells; repair or degrade mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are not entirely functional; their effectiveness decreases with age due to influence from endogenous sources like oxidative stress, which all contribute to the aging process. The hunt for novel strategies to increase the man's longevity since ancient times needs better understandings of the biology of aging, oxidative stress, and their roles in RNA oxidation. The critical goal in developing new strategies to increase the man's longevity is to compile the novel developed knowledge on human aging into a single picture, preferably able to understand the biology of aging and the contributing factors. This review discusses the biology of aging, oxidative stress, and their roles in RNA oxidation, leading to aging in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ishak S, Yeap GY, Shanmugapriya, Sasidharan S, Sangeetha T, Kaneko K, Ito MM. Experimental and computational studies of fluorene derivatives containing two identical quinoline and pyridine moieties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S. Evaluation of In Situ Antiaging Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 Yeast Cells Treated with Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Methanolic Extract (PLME) Using Different Microscopic Approaches: A Morphology-Based Evaluation. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:1-13. [PMID: 35260222 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyalthia longifolia is known for its anti-oxidative properties, which might contribute to the antiaging action. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the antiaging activity of P. longifolia leaf methanolic extract (PLME) in a yeast model based on morphology using microscopic approaches. Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 strain yeast cells were treated with 1.00 mg/mL of PLME. The antiaging activity was assessed by determining the replicative lifespan, total lifespan, vacuole morphology by light microscopy, extra-morphology by scanning (SEM), and intra-morphology by transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The findings demonstrated that PLME treatment significantly accelerated the replicative and total lifespan of the yeast cells. PLME treatment also delays the formation of large apoptotic-like type 3 yeast cell vacuoles. The untreated yeast cells demonstrated aging morphology via SEM analysis, such as shrinking, regional invaginations, and wrinkled cell surface. The TEM analysis revealed the quintessential aging intracellular morphology such as swollen, wrinkled, or damaged vacuole formation of the circular endoplasmic reticulum, a rupture in the nuclear membrane, fragmentation of the nucleus, and complete damaged cytoplasm. Decisively, the present study revealed the vital role of PLME in the induction of antiaging activity in a yeast model using three microscopic approaches—SEM, TEM, and bright-field light microscope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sundari KKS, Rajagopal R, Vijayaraghavan R, Sasidharan S. An Investigation on the Oral Microbiota in Plaque Samples during Orthodontic Treatment. JPRI 2022. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i11b35544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malocclusion can be corrected by fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. However, the complex appliance design and the material surface characteristics of the appliance make mechanical debriding difficult, enabling biofilm formation. This study was performed to investigate the microbial load in plaque at different time periods of the orthodontic therapy in participants with professionally well-maintained oral hygiene. This prospective study was conducted among 12 adult male participants. Six control (C batch) and six under orthodontic treatment (T batches). Simplified oral hygiene index OHI (S), Plaque index (PlI) and Russell’s Periodontal index (PI) scoring was performed for all subjects prior to sample collection. Plaque samples were collected from both batch T,.and C at similar multiple intervals, corresponding with the sequential archwires for group T in regular use. Six bacterial phyla and one fungal phyla examined by subculture. Index scoring revealed that hygiene was maintained throughout study in both the control and treatment batches. A general increase in the microorganisms was noticed, in treatment group reaching a peak at 18th month of treatment at T4 and reduced to pretreatment levels on debonding. Though, the microorganisms count increased during treatment, it was not exponential and can be considered favourable flora which matched with the good clinical oral health.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chan YH, Yeap GY, Shanmugapriya, Sasidharan S. Novel reaction-based chemosensor for Al3+ detection using hybrid framework of chalcone-coumarin in aqueous phase and its anticancer activity. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
17
|
Kirubakari B, Chen Y, Sasidharan S. Synergistic Effect of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf and Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by Microscopic Technique. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 19:323-334. [PMID: 31113347 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190522112902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyalthia longifolia is a popular medicinal plant and has been widely used as a traditional remedy for centuries in curing of various ailments. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the in situ antimicrobial synergistic effects between Polyalthia longifolia leaf ethyl acetate fraction (PLEAF) and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate by using modern microscopy technique. METHODS Hence, the evaluation of the synergistic activity of PLEAF and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate was conducted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The combinational effect of PLEAF fraction and ampicillin exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. Bacterial cells observations showed invagination, impaired cell division, extensive wrinkles, cell shrinkage, the appearance of a rougher cell with fibrous matrix and clustered cells which confirmed the synergistic effect of PLEAF and ampicillin against MRSA local isolate by SEM. CONCLUSION Conclusively, the in situ SEM observation proved the synergistic antimicrobial activity between PLEAF fraction and ampicillin to destroy the MRSA resistance bacteria which is an important aspect of PLEAF fraction to be used in the future combinational therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balasupramaniam Kirubakari
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kavilasha V, Sasidharan S. Antiaging activity of polyphenol rich Calophyllum inophyllum L. fruit extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
19
|
Ong JS, Taylor TD, Yong CC, Khoo BY, Sasidharan S, Choi SB, Ohno H, Liong MT. Lactobacillus plantarum USM8613 Aids in Wound Healing and Suppresses Staphylococcus aureus Infection at Wound Sites. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:125-137. [PMID: 30659503 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the targets and mechanisms of anti-staphylococcal effects from bioactive metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria. We aimed to better understand the safety and efficacy of these bioactive metabolites in in vivo systems, typically at topical sites. The cell-free supernatant and protein-rich fraction from Lactobacillus plantarum USM8613 inhibited staphyloxanthin biosynthesis, reduced (p < 0.05) the cell number of Staphylococcus aureus by 106 CFU/mL and reduced biofilm thickness by 55% in S. aureus-infected porcine skins. Genome-wide analysis and gene expression analysis illustrated the production of several plantaricins, especially the plantaricins EF and JK that enhanced the anti-staphylococcal effects of L. plantarum USM8613. In vivo data using rats showed that the protein-rich fraction from L. plantarum USM8613 exerted wound healing properties via direct inhibition of S. aureus and promoted innate immunity, in which the expression of β-defensin was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated by 3.8-fold. The protein fraction from L. plantarum USM8613 also significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) the production of cytokines and chemokines through various stages of wound recovery. Using ∆atl S. aureus, the protein-rich fraction from L. plantarum USM8613 exerted inhibitory activity via targeting the atl gene in S. aureus. Taken altogether, our present study illustrates the potential of L. plantarum USM8613 in aiding wound healing, suppressing of S. aureus infection at wound sites and promoting host innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sin Ong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Todd D Taylor
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Chung Yong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Yin Khoo
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sy Bing Choi
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. .,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Min Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. .,USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sasidharan S, Dhillon HS, Singh S. Medical Pedagogy in the Time of COVID-19. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 18:105-106. [PMID: 33605249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Medical teaching is about giving a student a collaborative experience of the art and skill of the practice of medicine. This is acquired through authentic patient experiences. A clinical teacher uses clinical lectures, simulations, lab sessions, small group interactions, cadaver dissection and technical classes (eg: ultrasound) to create a complete clinical immersion experience. For this we use both the in-patient and out-patient facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sasidharan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical care, Level III IFH Hospital, Goma
| | - H S Dhillon
- Department of Psychiatry, Level III IFH Hospital, Goma
| | - S Singh
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, AFMC, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rajoo A, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM, Sasidharan S. Formulation and evaluation of wound healing activity of Elaeis guineensis Jacq leaves in a Staphylococcus aureus infected Sprague Dawley rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 266:113414. [PMID: 32980488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are crucial to healing numerous illnesses. Elaeis guineensis Jacq (family Arecaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of wounds. AIM OF THE STUDY However, there are no scientific reports documented on the wound healing activities of this plant against Staphylococcus aureus infections in the Sprague Dawley male rat model. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of E. guineensis extract leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude extract was prepared in 10% (w/w) ointment and evaluated for wound healing activity using excision and infected wound models in Sprague Dawley rats. The wound healing activity was evaluated from wound closure rate, CFU reduction, histological analysis of granulation tissue and matrix metalloprotease expression. RESULTS The results show that the E. guineensis extract has potent wound healing ability, as manifest from improved wound closure and tissue regeneration supported by histopathological parameters. Assessment of granulation tissue every fourth day showed a significant reduction in the microbial count. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases was well correlated with the other results, hence confirming E. guineensis wound healing activity's effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS E. guineensis enhanced infected wound healing in rats, thus supporting its traditional use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amala Rajoo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Surash Ramanathan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharif M Mansor
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sasidharan S, Krishnasree KS. Transient focal cerebral arteriopathy of childhood following dengue fever. J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:172-173. [PMID: 32675456 PMCID: PMC7542054 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_524_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Sasidharan
- Department of Neurology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - K S Krishnasree
- Department of Neurology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Salmasi M, Jarral O, Pirola S, Sasidharan S, Pepper J, Oo A, Moore Jr J, Xu X, Athanasiou T. In-vivo blood flow parameters can predict at-risk aortic aneurysms and dissection: a comprehensive biomechanics model. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abnormal blood flow patterns can alter the material properties of the thoracic aorta via altered vascular biology and tissue biomechanics. In-vivo haemodynamic assessment of the aorta is yet to penetrate clinical practice due to our limited understanding of its effect on aortic wall properties. The decision for surgical treatment is based on size thresholds, limited to a single measurement of aortic diameter from routine imaging, although many aortic dissections (40–60%) occur below these size thresholds. This multi-centre study aims to assess the clinical utility of biomechanics principles in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) risk rupture prediction using a substantial sample size.
Methods
Fifty-five patients undergoing surgery for root or ascending TAA were recruited from five cardiac centres. Bicuspid aortic valves and connective tissue disease were excluded from this study.Haemodynamic assessment Pre-operative 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) were conducted. Direct 4D-flow analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were performed creating detailed wall shear stress (WSS) maps across the whole aneurysms. Aortic wall assessment The aneurysmal aortic sample was obtained from surgery and subjected to region specific uniaxial failure tests in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, as well as delamination testing within the aortic media. Whole aneurysm histological characterisation was also conducted using computational pathology techniques. Blood flow, tissue mechanics and microstructural properties were used to develop a risk prediction model with assessment of elastin, collagen and smooth muscle cell composition, as well as failure strain assessment and dissection energy function.
Results
Outcomes of mechanical properties were: Young's Elastic Modulus as a measure of aortic stiffness (0.85 MPa ±0.69), as well as maximal tensile strength (0.49 MPa ± 0.36), which demonstrated reduced aortic wall strength in the outer curvature. This correlated with increased wall shear stress (WSS) (up to 10 Pa) and flow velocity (up to 43 l/min). Regions of abnormal flow and tissue mechanics correlated significantly with degraded medial microstructure (elastin abundance: 34 vs 66%; collagen abundance 26 vs 57%, p<0.05).
Conclusions
CFD modelling has the potential to provide a risk prediction of acute events in TAA beyond the current size classification, as validated by altered aortic tissue properties. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to validate this methods in moderately enlarging thoracic aortas.
Flow, mechanical, histology properties
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): NIHR Imperial College BRC
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Salmasi
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - O.A Jarral
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Pirola
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Pepper
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Oo
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Moore Jr
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - X.Y Xu
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Othman N, Sasidharan S. Validation of target proteins of down-regulated miR-221-5p in HeLa cells treated with Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract using label-free quantitative proteomics approaches. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:399. [PMID: 32850286 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to validate the target proteins of down-regulated miR-221-5p in HeLa cells treated with P. longifolia leaf extract. The validation was done by label-free quantitative proteomics approaches, Gene Ontology (GO) and protein-protein interaction analyses after the cells transfected with miRNA mimics or miRNA inhibitor. The LC-ESI-MS/MS identified a total of 1061, 668, 564 and 940 proteins from untransfected and untreated HeLa cells, untransfected P. longifolia leaf extract-treated HeLa cells, miR-221-5p mimic-transfected P. longifolia leaf extract-treated HeLa cells and anti-miR-221-5p-transfected P. longifolia leaf extract-treated HeLa cells, respectively. The proteomic, GO and protein-protein interaction analyses showed that P. longifolia treatment regulated various protein expressions in HeLa cells, namely tropomyosin, PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein (PAWR), alpha-enolase and beta-enolase, which induced apoptotic cell death after the down-regulation of miR-221-5p. Conclusively, this study showed P. longifolia leaf extract's vital contribution in regulating various protein expressions in HeLa cervical cancer cells to induce apoptotic cell death after downregulation miR-221-5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shanmugapriya, Sasidharan S. Functional analysis of down-regulated miRNA-221-5p in HeLa cell treated with polyphenol-rich Polyalthia longifolia as regulators of apoptotic HeLa cell death. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:206. [PMID: 32346497 PMCID: PMC7174487 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding-RNAs that control gene expression and cancer development. Previous studies reported that Polyalthia longifolia treatment induced apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells by down-regulation of miR-221-5p. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the down-regulated miR-221-5p in HeLa cells. Functional analysis of miR-221-5p was conducted through the gain-of-function, and loss-of-function approach and the miRNA expression was quantified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The P. longifolia treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced miR-221-5p expression when compared to the untreated HeLa cells with a double delta Ct value of 6.32 and the expression fold change value was reduced up to 0.013. The transfection of miR-221-5p mimic significantly increased the expression of miR-221-5p with an expression fold change as high as 0.53 while anti-miR-221-5p transfected HeLa cells show the most significant decrease in miR-221-5p expression with an expression fold change of 0.011. The MTT assay results revealed that the over-expression of miR-221-5p increased the cell proliferation and viability of polyphenol-rich P. longifolia-treated HeLa cells and confirmed the role of downregulated miRNA 221-5p in HeLa cell death. The flow-cytometry analysis showed that the miR-221-5p over-expressed cells decreased the apoptosis of cells induced by polyphenol-rich P. longifolia treatment in HeLa cells, which proved the oncogenic role of miR-221-5p to inhibit apoptosis. Moreover, the depletion of caspase-3 in miR-221-5p-overexpressed HeLa cells showed the roles of downregulated miR-221-5p in the induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that the down-regulated miR-221-5p was involved in regulating apoptosis in HeLa cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugapriya
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Vijayarathna S, Sasidharan S. Functional Validation of DownRegulated MicroRNAs in HeLa Cells Treated with Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extract Using Different Microscopic Approaches: A Morphological Alteration-Based Validation. Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:1263-1272. [PMID: 31383043 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several microscopy methods have been developed to assess the morphological changes in cells in the investigations of the mode of cell death in response to a stimulus. Our recent finding on the treatment of the IC50 concentration (26.67 μg/mL) of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract indicated the induction of apoptotic cell death via the regulation of miRNA in HeLa cells. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the function of these downregulated microRNAs in P. longifolia-treated HeLa cells using microscopic approaches. These include scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI)-based fluorescent microscopy techniques by observing the morphological alterations to cells after transfection with mimic miRNA. Interestingly, the morphological changes observed in this study demonstrated the apoptotic hallmarks, for instance, cell blebbing, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation, vacuolization, cytoplasmic extrusion, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, which proved the role of dysregulated miRNAs in apoptotic HeLa cell death after treatment with the P. longifolia leaf extract. Conclusively, the current study proved the crucial role of downregulated miR-484 and miR-221-5p in the induction of apoptotic cell death in P. longifolia-treated HeLa cells using three approaches-SEM, TEM, and AO/PI-based fluorescent microscope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soundararajan Vijayarathna
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shanmugapriya, Othman N, Sasidharan S. Prediction of genes and protein-protein interaction networking for miR-221-5p using bioinformatics analysis. Gene Reports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Abstract
Circular RNAs characterize a class of widespread and diverse endogenous RNAs which are non-coding RNAs that are made by back-splicing events and have covalently closed loops with no polyadenylated tails. Various indications specify that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are plentiful in the human transcriptome. However, their participation in biological processes remains mostly undescribed. To date thousands of circRNAs have been revealed in organisms ranging from Drosophila melanogaster to Homo sapiens. Functional studies specify that these transcripts control expression of protein-coding linear transcripts and thus encompass a key component of gene expression regulation. This chapter provide a comprehensive overview on functional validation of circRNAs. Furthermore, we discuss the recent modern methodologies for the functional validation of circRNAs such as RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing assay, luciferase reporter assays, circRNA gain-of-function investigation via overexpression of circular transcript assay, RT-q-PCR quantification, and other latest applicable assays. The methods described in this chapter are demonstrated on the cellular model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Alkatib Huda
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Soundararajan Vijayarathna
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Faculty of Health, Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kavitha N, Vijayarathna S, Oon CE, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Punj V, Sasidharan S. MicroRNA profiling in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell exposed to the Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) fruit ethyl acetate fraction (PMEAF) through IIlumina Hi-Seq technologies and various in silico bioinformatics tools. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 213:118-131. [PMID: 29154802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl, is a famous traditional medicinal plant which exhibited cytotoxicity against various cancerous cells. Traditionally, P. macrocarpa has been used to control cancer, impotency, hemorrhoids, diabetes mellitus, allergies, liver and heart disease, kidney disorders, blood diseases, acne, stroke, migraine, and various skin diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Recent studies have demonstrated a potent anticancer potential of P. macrocarpa, especially against HeLa cell. The objective of this study was to investigate the regulation of miRNAs on MDA-MB-231 treated with P. macrocarpa ethyl acetate fraction (PMEAF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The regulation of miRNAs on MDA-MB-231 cells treated with PMEAF was studied through IIlumina, Hi-Seq. 2000 platform of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and various in silico bioinformatics tools. RESULTS The PMEAF treatment against MDA-MB-231 cells identified 10 upregulated and 10 downregulated miRNAs. A set of 606 target genes of 10 upregulated miRNAs and 517 target genes of 10 downregulated miRNAs were predicted based on computational and validated databases by using miRGate DB Query. Meanwhile, results from DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 specified the functional annotation of the upregulated miRNAs involvement in cancer pathway by suppressing the oncogenes and downregulating miRNAs by expressing the tumour suppressor genes in the regulation of apoptosis pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of this study proved that PMEAF is a promising anticancer agent with high cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and it induced apoptotic cell death mechanism through the regulation of miRNAs. PMEAF might be the best candidate for developing more potent anticancer drugs or chemo preventive supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nowroji Kavitha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Soundararajan Vijayarathna
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Vasu Punj
- Department of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gothai S, Vijayarathna S, Chen Y, Kanwar J, Wahab H, Sasidharan S. In vitro-scientific evaluation on anti-Candida albicans activity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical constituents with the identification of antifungal active fraction from traditional medicinal plant Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Flower. J Complement Med Res 2018. [DOI: 10.5455/jcmr.20171223034127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
34
|
Shanmugapriya, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Anticancer Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenol Rich Calophyllum inophyllum Fruit Extract in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1308-1324. [PMID: 29068745 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the anticancer effects and mechanism of Calophyllum inophyllum fruit extract against MCF-7 cells. C. inophyllum fruit extract was found to have markedly cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 for 24 h of 23.59 µg/mL. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that C. inophyllum fruit extract mediated cell cycle at G0/G1 and G2/M phases, and MCF-7 cells entered the early phase of apoptosis. The expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 was decreased whereas the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, cytochrome C and p53 were increased after treatment. C. inophyllum fruit extract led to apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via the mitochondrial pathway in a dose dependent manner. This is evidenced by the elevation of intracellular ROS, the loss of mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), and activation of caspase-3. Meanwhile, dose-dependent genomic DNA fragmentation was observed after C. inophyllum fruits extract treatment by comet assay. This study shows that C. inophyllum fruits extract-induced apoptosis is primarily p53 dependent and mediated through the activation of caspase-3. C. inophyllum fruit extract could be an excellent source of chemopreventive agent in the treatment of breast cancer and has potential to be explored as green anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugapriya
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- b Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center (OCRCC) , Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- c Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , VIC , Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yehya AH, Asif M, Tan YJ, Sasidharan S, Abdul Majid AM, Oon CE. Broad spectrum targeting of tumor vasculature by medicinal plants: An updated review. J Herb Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
36
|
Vijayarathna S, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Standardized Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract (PLME) inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis: The anti-cancer study with various microscopy methods. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:366-377. [PMID: 28463800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years a number of microscopy methods have been developed to assess the changes in cells. Some non-invasive techniques such as holographic digital microscopy (HDM), which although does not destroy the cells, but helps to monitor the events that leads to initiation of apoptotic cell death. In this study, the apoptogenic property and the cytotoxic effect of P. longifolia leaf methanolic extract (PLME) against the human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) was studied using light microscope (LM), holographic digital microscopy (HDM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average IC50 value of PLME against HeLa cells obtained by MTT and CyQuant assay was 22.00μg/mL at 24h. However, noncancerous Vero cells tested with PLME exhibited no cytotoxicity with the IC50 value of 51.07μg/mL at 24h by using MTT assay. Cytological observations showed nuclear condensation, cell shrinkage, multinucleation, abnormalities of mitochondrial cristae, membrane blebbing, disappearance of microvilli and filopodia, narrowing of lamellipodia, holes, formation of numerous smaller vacuoles, cytoplasmic extrusions and formation of apoptotic bodies as confirmed collectively by HDM, LM, SEM and TEM. In conclusion, PLME was able to produce distinctive morphological features of HeLa cell death that corresponds to apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soundararajan Vijayarathna
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kavitha N, Ein Oon C, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) fruit induce G 0/G 1 and G 2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 201:42-55. [PMID: 28263848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl, is a well-known folk medicinal plant in Indonesia. Traditionally, P. macrocarpa has been used to control cancer, impotency, hemorrhoids, diabetes mellitus, allergies, liver and hearth disease, kidney disorders, blood diseases, acne, stroke, migraine, and various skin diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine the in situ cytotoxicity effect P. macrocarpa fruit ethyl acetate fraction (PMEAF) and the underlying molecular mechanism of cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with PMEAF for 24h. Cell cycle and viability were examined using flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis was determined using the Annexin V assay and also by fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis protein profiling was detected by RayBio® Human Apoptosis Array. RESULTS The AO/PI staining and flow cytometric analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with PMEAF were showed apoptotic cell death. The cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry analysis revealed that the accumulation of PMEAF treated MDA-MB-231 cells in G0/G1 and G2/M-phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, the PMEAF exert cytotoxicity by increased the ROS production in MDA-MB-231 cells consistently stimulated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and induced apoptosis cell death by activation of numerous signalling proteins. The results from apoptosis protein profiling array evidenced that PMEAF stimulated the expression of 9 pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bid, caspase 3, caspase 8, cytochrome c, p21, p27, p53 and SMAC) and suppressed the 4 anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-w, XIAP and survivin) in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION The results indicated that PMEAF treatment induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells through intrinsic mitochondrial related pathway with the participation of pro and anti-apoptotic proteins, caspases, G0/G1 and G2/M-phases cell cycle arrest by p53-mediated mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nowroji Kavitha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217 Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kavitha N, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. In situ morphological assessment of apoptosis induced by Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) fruit ethyl acetate fraction (PMEAF) in MDA-MB-231 cells by microscopy observation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:609-620. [PMID: 28081471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) is a well-known medicinal plant and have been extensively used as traditional medicine for ages in treatment of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the in situ cytotoxicity effect P. macrocarpa fruit ethyl acetate fraction (PMEAF) by using various conventional and modern microscopy techniques. The cytotoxicity of PMEAF treated MDA-MB-231 cells was determined through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay and CyQuant Cell Proliferation Assay after 24h of treatment. Both results were indicated that the PMEAF is a potential anticancer agent with the average IC50 values of 18.10μg/mL by inhibiting the MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. Various conventional and modern microscopy techniques such as light microscopy, holographic microscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscope were used for the observation of morphological changes in PMEAF treated MDA-MB-231cells for 24h. The characteristic of apoptotic cell death includes cell shrinkage, membrane blebs, chromatin condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies were observed. PMEAF might be the best candidate for developing more potent anticancer drugs or chemo-preventive supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nowroji Kavitha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jothy SL, Vijayarathna S, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Regulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis: from Herbal Remedies to Phytomedicine for Cancer Prevention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8015. [PMID: 26625835 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.8015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanion L Jothy
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail : jothylachumy@yahoo. com,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kwan YP, Saito T, Ibrahim D, Al-Hassan FMS, Ein Oon C, Chen Y, Jothy SL, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by Euphorbia hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1223-1236. [PMID: 26154521 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1064451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) has been used as a folk remedy in Southeast Asia for the treatment of various ailments. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluates the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by E. hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of whole part of E. hirta was determined by the MTT assay at various concentrations ranging from 1.96 to 250.00 µg/mL in MCF-7 cells. Cell morphology was assessed by light and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution were determined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation, caspase activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were performed using the commercially available kits. To identify the cytotoxic fraction, E. hirta extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. RESULTS Euphorbia hirta exhibited significant inhibition of the survival of MCF-7 cells and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values was 25.26 µg/mL at 24 h. Microscopic studies showed that E. hirta-treated cells exhibited marked morphological features characteristic of apoptosis. Euphorbia hirta extract also had an ignorable influence on the LDH leakage and generating intracellular ROS. The flow cytometry study confirmed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Euphorbia hirta also resulted in DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, E. hirta treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells at the S and G2/M phases as well as apoptosis. The caspase activity study revealed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis through the caspase-3-independent pathway by the activation of caspase-2, 6, 8, and 9. Euphorbia hirta hexane fraction, namely HFsub4 fraction, demonstrated highest activity among all the fractions tested with an IC50 value of 10.01 µg/mL at 24 h. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study revealed that E. hirta induced apoptotic cell death and suggests that E. hirta could be used as an apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent for breast cancer treatment with further detailed studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuet Ping Kwan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Tamio Saito
- b RIKEN-USM Joint Research Unit , RIKEN , Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Darah Ibrahim
- c School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Chern Ein Oon
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- e Faculty of Dentistry , Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , and
| | - Subramanion L Jothy
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- f Faculty of Health, Nanomedicine - Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR) , School of Medicine (SoM), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Uthaya Kumar US, Jothy SL, Kavitha N, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Genoprotection and Cytotoxicity of Cassia surattensis Seed Extract on Vero Cell Evaluated by Comet and Cytotoxicity Assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-016-0761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
42
|
Rajoo A, Sasidharan S, Jothy SL, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM. Ultrastructural Study of Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) Leaf and Antimicrobial Activity of its Methanol Extract against Staphylococcus Aureus. TROP J PHARM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Elaeis guineensis leaf against Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the effect of extract treatment on the microstructure of the microbeMethods: The antimicrobial activity of the methanol leaf extract of the plant against S. aureus was examined using disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of S. aureus after treatment with the extract.Results: The extract showed a good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL and for Chloramphenicol was 30.00 ìg/mL. The main changes observed under SEM and TEM were structural disorganization of the cell membrane which occurred after 12 h and total collapse of the cell 36 h after exposure to the extract.Conclusion: We concluded that the methanolic extract of E. guineensis leaf exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and this is supported by SEM and TEM.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Elaeis guineensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy
Collapse
|
43
|
Shanmugapriya, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Effects of Calophyllum inophyllum fruit extract on the proliferation and morphological characteristics of human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
44
|
Sasidharan S, Jothy SL, Kavitha N, Chen Y, Kanwar JR. Deactivation of Telomerase Enzyme and Telomere Destabilization by Natural Products: a Potential Target for Cancer Green Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8671. [PMID: 26745135 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jothy SL, Saito T, Kanwar JR, Chen Y, Aziz A, Yin-Hui L, Sasidharan S. Radioprotective activity of Polyalthia longifolia standardized extract against X-ray radiation injury in mice. Phys Med 2016; 32:150-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
46
|
Vijayarathna S, Gothai S, Jothy SL, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Can Cancer Therapy be Achieved by Bridging Apoptosis and Autophagy: a Method Based on microRNA-Dependent Gene Therapy and Phytochemical Targets. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7435-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
47
|
Chen Y, Phang WM, Mu AKW, Chan CK, Low BS, Sasidharan S, Chan KL. Decreased expression of alpha-2-HS glycoprotein in the sera of rats treated with Eurycoma longifolia extract. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:211. [PMID: 26441666 PMCID: PMC4585282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia is a Malaysian native herb that has been widely used as an aphrodisiac and a remedy for andropause. Although the physiological effects of the plant extract were predicted as a result of the alterations in protein expression, the key protein(s) involved in these alterations are still unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of standardized E. longifolia extract on serum protein expression up to 28 days following oral administration in rats. Serum protein profiles were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and altered proteins were identified via mass spectrometry. We observed that alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHS) was significantly decreased in the serum of experimentally treated rats compared to pre-treated animals. Moreover, reduction in AHS was confirmed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AHS expression is known to be associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Our data indicated that serum AHS was reduced in rats treated with standardized E. longifolia extract, and therefore form a prelude for further investigation into the effects of this natural extract in animal models involving infertility and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Mei Phang
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan K-W Mu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Keat Chan
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Bin-Seng Low
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang, Malaysia ; School of Medicine, Taylor's University Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jothy SL, Chen Y, Vijayarathna S, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. MicroRNAs: association with radioresistant and potential uses of natural remedies as green gene therapeutic approaches. Curr Gene Ther 2015; 15:15-20. [PMID: 25478696 DOI: 10.2174/1566523215666141205104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an essential primary role in cancer patients. Regardless of its significant advances in treatment options, tumor recurrence and radio-resistance in cancer cells still occur in a high percentage of patients. Furthermore, the over expression of miRNAs accompanies the development of radio-resistant cancer cells. Consequently, miRNAs might serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of radio-resistance in cancer cells. The findings of the current research also signify that the use of a natural anti-miRNA substance could inhibit specific miRNAs, and, concurrently, these natural remedies could exhibit radioprotective activity against the healthy cells during radiotherapy. Therefore, in this review, we have reported the association of miRNAs with radio-resistance and the potential uses of natural remedies as green gene therapeutic approaches, as well as radioprotectors against the adverse effects of irradiation on healthy cells during radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vijayarathna S, Jothy SL, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Anti-Cancer Natural Products Inducing Cross-talk between Apoptosis and Autophagy Mutual Proteins to Regulate Cancer Cell Death: Design of Future Green Anticancer Therapies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6175-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.6175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
50
|
Kavitha N, Vijayarathna S, Jothy SL, Oon CE, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. MicroRNAs: biogenesis, roles for carcinogenesis and as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7489-97. [PMID: 25292018 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 20-24 nucleotides that play important roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, miRNAs control numerous cancer-relevant biological events such as cell proliferation, cell cycle control, metabolism and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the biogenesis of miRNAs, miRNA roles in cancer and their potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis including the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and miRNA dysregulation. Moreover, microRNA molecules are already receiving the attention of world researchers as therapeutic targets and agents. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of microRNAs has the potential not only to identify their roles in cancer, but also to exploit them as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and identify therapeutic targets for new drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nowroji Kavitha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|