1
|
Van de Wiele C, Ustmert S, De Spiegeleer B, De Jonghe PJ, Sathekge M, Alex M. Apoptosis Imaging in Oncology by Means of Positron Emission Tomography: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052753. [PMID: 33803180 PMCID: PMC7963162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, a wide variety of potential PET-apoptosis imaging radiopharmaceuticals targeting apoptosis-induced cell membrane asymmetry and acidification, as well as caspase 3 activation (substrates and inhibitors) have been developed with the purpose of rapidly assessing the response to treatment in cancer patients. Many of these probes were shown to specifically bind to their apoptotic target in vitro and their uptake to be enhanced in the in vivo-xenografted tumours in mice treated by means of chemotherapy, however, to a significantly variable degree. This may, in part, relate to the tumour model used given the fact that different tumour cell lines bear a different sensitivity to a similar chemotherapeutic agent, to differences in the chemotherapeutic concentration and exposure time, as well as to the different timing of imaging performed post-treatment. The best validated cell membrane acidification and caspase 3 targeting radioligands, respectively 18F-ML-10 from the Aposense family and the radiolabelled caspase 3 substrate 18F-CP18, have also been injected in healthy individuals and shown to bear favourable dosimetric and safety characteristics. However, in contrast to, for instance, the 99mTc-HYNIC-Annexin V, neither of both tracers was taken up to a significant degree by the bone marrow in the healthy individuals under study. Removal of white and red blood cells from the bone marrow through apoptosis plays a major role in the maintenance of hematopoietic cell homeostasis. The major apoptotic population in normal bone marrow are immature erythroblasts. While an accurate estimate of the number of immature erythroblasts undergoing apoptosis is not feasible due to their unknown clearance rate, their number is likely substantial given the ineffective quote of the erythropoietic process described in healthy subjects. Thus, the clinical value of both 18F-ML-10 and 18F-CP18 for apoptosis imaging in cancer patients, as suggested by a small number of subsequent clinical phase I/II trials in patients suffering from primary or secondary brain malignancies using 18F-ML-10 and in an ongoing trial in patients suffering from cancer of the ovaries using 18F-CP18, remains to be proven and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Van de Wiele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine AZ Groeninge, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (S.U.); (P.-J.D.J.); (M.A.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-5663-4120
| | - Sezgin Ustmert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine AZ Groeninge, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (S.U.); (P.-J.D.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, DRUQUAR, University Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Pieter-Jan De Jonghe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine AZ Groeninge, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (S.U.); (P.-J.D.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa;
| | - Maes Alex
- Department of Nuclear Medicine AZ Groeninge, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; (S.U.); (P.-J.D.J.); (M.A.)
- Department of Morphology and Imaging, University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mankoff DA. PET Imaging in Cancer Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
3
|
Lewis MR, Cutler CS, Jurisson SS. Targeted Antibodies and Peptides. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
4
|
Abstract
One major characteristic of programmed cell death (apoptosis) results in the increased expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane of dying cells. Consequently, PS represents an excellent target for non-invasive imaging of apoptosis by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Annexin V is a 36 kDa protein which binds with high affinity to PS in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This makes radiolabeled annexins valuable apoptosis imaging agents for clinical and biomedical research applications for monitoring apoptosis in vivo. However, the use of radiolabeled annexin V for in vivo imaging of cell death has been met with a variety of challenges which have prevented its translation into the clinic. These difficulties include: complicated and time-consuming radiolabeling procedures, sub-optimal biodistribution, inadequate pharmacokinetics leading to poor tumour-to-blood contrast ratios, reliance upon Ca2+ concentrations in vivo, low tumor tissue penetration, and an incomplete understanding of what constitutes the best imaging protocol following induction of apoptosis. Therefore, new concepts and improved strategies for the development of PS-binding radiotracers are needed. Radiolabeled PS-binding peptides and various Zn(II) complexes as phosphate chemosensors offer an innovative strategy for radionuclide-based molecular imaging of apoptosis with PET and SPECT. Radiolabeled peptides and Zn(II) complexes provide several advantages over annexin V including better pharmacokinetics due to their smaller size, better availability, simpler synthesis and radiolabeling strategies as well as facilitated tissue penetration due to their smaller size and faster blood clearance profile allowing for optimized image contrast. In addition, peptides can be structurally modified to improve metabolic stability along with other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The present review will summarize the current status of radiolabeled annexins, peptides and Zn(II) complexes developed as radiotracers for imaging apoptosis through targeting PS utilizing PET and SPECT imaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Glaser M, Rajkumar V, Diocou S, Gendron T, Yan R, Sin PKB, Sander K, Carroll L, Pedley RB, Aboagye EO, Witney TH, Årstad E. One-Pot Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Caspase-3 Selective 5-[ 123,125I]iodo-1,2,3-triazole derived Isatin SPECT Tracer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19299. [PMID: 31848442 PMCID: PMC6917698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis is often necessary for successful cancer therapy, and the non-invasive monitoring of apoptosis post-therapy could assist in clinical decision making. Isatins are a class of compounds that target activated caspase-3 during apoptosis. Here we report the synthesis of the 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazole (FITI) analog of the PET tracer [18F]ICMT11 as a candidate tracer for imaging of apoptosis with SPECT, as well as PET. Labelling with radioiodine (123,125I) was achieved in 55 ± 12% radiochemical yield through a chelator-accelerated one-pot cycloaddition reaction mediated by copper(I) catalysis. The caspase-3 binding affinity and selectivity of FITI compares favourably to that of [18F]ICMT11 (Ki = 6.1 ± 0.9 nM and 12.4 ± 4.7 nM, respectively). In biodistribution studies, etoposide-induced cell death in a SW1222 xenograft model resulted in a 2-fold increase in tumour uptake of the tracer. However, the tumour uptake was too low to allow in vivo imaging of apoptosis with SPECT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Glaser
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Seckou Diocou
- UCL, Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Yan
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Kwan Brian Sin
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric O Aboagye
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom.
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iakovou I, Giannoula E, Gkantaifi A, Levva S, Frangos S. Positron emission tomography in breast cancer: 18F- FDG and other radiopharmaceuticals. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41824-018-0039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
7
|
Zhang X, Yin Q, Berridge M, Wang C. Application of molecular imaging technology in neurotoxicology research. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:113-124. [PMID: 30199343 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2018.1492200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has been widely applied in preclinical research. Among these new molecular imaging modalities, microPET imaging can be utilized as a very powerful tool that can obtain the measurements of multiple biological processes in various organs repeatedly in a same subject. This review discusses how this new approach provides noninvasive biomarker for neurotoxicology research and summarizes microPET findings with multiple radiotracers on the variety of neurotoxicity induced by toxic agents in both the rodent and the nonhuman primate brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Qi Yin
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| | - Marc Berridge
- b 3D Imaging, LLC, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Che Wang
- a Division of Neurotoxicology , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morris O, Fairclough M, Grigg J, Prenant C, McMahon A. A review of approaches to 18
F radiolabelling affinity peptides and proteins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 62:4-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - M. Fairclough
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | | | - C. Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - A. McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rybczynska AA, Boersma HH, de Jong S, Gietema JA, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Avenues to molecular imaging of dying cells: Focus on cancer. Med Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29528513 PMCID: PMC6220832 DOI: 10.1002/med.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of cancer patients requires balancing of the dose, timing, and type of therapeutic regimen. Detection of increased cell death may serve as a predictor of the eventual therapeutic success. Imaging of cell death may thus lead to early identification of treatment responders and nonresponders, and to “patient‐tailored therapy.” Cell death in organs and tissues of the human body can be visualized, using positron emission tomography or single‐photon emission computed tomography, although unsolved problems remain concerning target selection, tracer pharmacokinetics, target‐to‐nontarget ratio, and spatial and temporal resolution of the scans. Phosphatidylserine exposure by dying cells has been the most extensively studied imaging target. However, visualization of this process with radiolabeled Annexin A5 has not become routine in the clinical setting. Classification of death modes is no longer based only on cell morphology but also on biochemistry, and apoptosis is no longer found to be the preponderant mechanism of cell death after antitumor therapy, as was earlier believed. These conceptual changes have affected radiochemical efforts. Novel probes targeting changes in membrane permeability, cytoplasmic pH, mitochondrial membrane potential, or caspase activation have recently been explored. In this review, we discuss molecular changes in tumors which can be targeted to visualize cell death and we propose promising biomarkers for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Rybczynska
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Preliminary biological evaluation of 18F-AlF-NOTA-MAL-Cys-Annexin V as a novel apoptosis imaging agent. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51086-51095. [PMID: 28881632 PMCID: PMC5584233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel annexin V derivative (Cys-Annexin V) with a single cysteine residue at its C-terminal has been successfully labeled site-specifically with NOTA-maleimide aluminum [18F]fluoride complexation and evaluated it as a novel apoptosis agent in vitro and in vivo. The total synthesis time of 18F-AlF-NOTA-MAL-Cys-Annexin V from [18F]fluoride was about 65 min. The tracer was stable in vitro and it was excreted through renal in normal mice. The rate of the tracer bound to erythrocytes with exposed phosphatidylserine was 89.36±0.61% and this binding could be blocked by unlabeled Cys-Annexin V. In rats treated with cycloheximide, there were 6.23±0.23 times (n=4) increase in hepatic uptake of the tracer as compared to normal rats at 1h p.i. The uptake of the tracer in liver also could be blocked by co-injection of unlabeled Cys-Annexin V. These results indicated the favorable characterizations such as convenient synthesis and specific apoptotic cells targeting of18F-AlF-NOTA-MAL- Cys-Annexin V were suitable for its further investigation in clinical apoptosis imaging.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Liu F, Slikker W, Wang C, Paule MG. Minimally invasive biomarkers of general anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 60:95-101. [PMID: 27784630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The association of general anesthesia with developmental neurotoxicity, while nearly impossible to study in pediatric populations, is clearly demonstrable in a variety of animal models from rodents to nonhuman primates. Nearly all general anesthetics tested have been shown to cause abnormal brain cell death in animals when administered during periods of rapid brain growth. The ability to repeatedly assess in the same subjects adverse effects induced by general anesthetics provides significant power to address the time course of important events associated with exposures. Minimally-invasive procedures provide the opportunity to bridge the preclinical/clinical gap by providing the means to more easily translate findings from the animal laboratory to the human clinic. Positron Emission Tomography or PET is a tool with great promise for realizing this goal. PET for small animals (microPET) is providing valuable data on the life cycle of general anesthetic induced neurotoxicity. PET radioligands (annexin V and DFNSH) targeting apoptotic processes have demonstrated that a single bout of general anesthesia effected during a vulnerable period of CNS development can result in prolonged apoptotic signals lasting for several weeks in the rat. A marker of cellular proliferation (FLT) has demonstrated in rodents that general anesthesia-induced inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation is evident when assessed a full 2weeks after exposure. Activated glia express Translocator Protein (TSPO) which can be used as a marker of presumed neuroinflammatory processes and a PET ligand for the TSPO (FEPPA) has been used to track this process in both rat and nonhuman primate models. It has been shown that single bouts of general anesthesia can result in elevated TSPO expression lasting for over a week. These examples demonstrate the utility of specific PET tracers to inform, in a minimally-invasive fashion, processes associated with general anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. The fact that PET procedures are also used clinically suggests an opportunity to confirm in humans what has been repeatedly observed in animals.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mankoff DA, Dunnwald LK. Changes in Glucose Metabolism and Blood Flow Following Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. PET Clin 2016; 1:71-81. [PMID: 27156960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on this application of positron emission tomography (PET) to breast cancer. The article first reviews the PET methodology used for breast cancer response assessment, with an emphasis on quantitative methods. This is followed by a review of results to date for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and therapy of metastatic breast cancer. Preliminary studies with tracers other than (18)F-fluordeoxyglucose are then reviewed. The article ends with a summary and a discussion of future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Mankoff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Box 356113, Room NN203, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
18F-Labeled wild-type annexin V: comparison of random and site-selective radiolabeling methods. Amino Acids 2015; 48:65-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Lu C, Jiang Q, Hu M, Tan C, Yu H, Hua Z. Preliminary biological evaluation of ¹⁸F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V a novel apoptosis imaging agent. Molecules 2015; 20:4902-14. [PMID: 25789822 PMCID: PMC6272169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel annexin V derivative (Cys-Annexin V) with a single cysteine residue at its C-terminal has been developed and successfully labeled site-specifically with 18F-FBEM. 18F-FBEM was synthesized by coupling 18F-fluorobenzoic acid (18F-FBA) with N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide using optimized reaction conditions. The yield of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V was 71.5% ± 2.0% (n = 4, based on the starting 18F-FBEM, non-decay corrected). The radiochemical purity of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V was >95%. The specific radioactivities of 18F-FBEM and 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V were >150 and 3.17 GBq/µmol, respectively. Like the 1st generation 18F-SFB-Annexin V, the novel 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V mainly shows renal and to a lesser extent, hepatobiliary excretion in normal mice. In rat hepatic apoptosis models a 3.88 ± 0.05 (n = 4, 1 h) and 10.35 ± 0.08 (n = 4, 2 h) increase in hepatic uptake of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V compared to normal rats was observed after injection via the tail vein. The liver uptake ratio (treated/control) at 2 h p.i. as measured via microPET correlated with the ratio of apoptotic nuclei in liver observed using TUNEL histochemistry, indicating that the novel 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V is a potential apoptosis imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiong Lu
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Quanfu Jiang
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Minjin Hu
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Cheng Tan
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Huixin Yu
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Radiolabeled apoptosis imaging agents for early detection of response to therapy. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:732603. [PMID: 25383382 PMCID: PMC4212626 DOI: 10.1155/2014/732603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since apoptosis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and is associated with responses to therapy, molecular imaging of apoptotic cells could be useful for early detection of therapeutic effects, particularly in oncology. Radiolabeled annexin V compounds are the hallmark in apoptosis imaging in vivo. These compounds are reviewed from the genesis of apoptosis (cell death) imaging agents up to recent years. They have some disadvantages, including slow clearance and immunogenicity, because they are protein-based imaging agents. For this reason, several studies have been conducted in recent years to develop low molecule apoptosis imaging agents. In this review, radiolabeled phosphatidylserine targeted peptides, radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex, radiolabeled 5-fluoropentyl-2-methyl-malonic acid (ML-10), caspase-3 activity imaging agents, radiolabeled duramycin, and radiolabeled phosphonium cation are reviewed as promising low-molecular-weight apoptosis imaging agents.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li KP, Hu MK, Kwang-Fu Shen C, Lin WY, Hou S, Zhao LB, Cheng CY, Shen DH. Improved and optimized one-pot method for N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB) synthesis using microwaves. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:113-117. [PMID: 25154567 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N-Succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB) is a potential prosthetic agent for novel tracer development in positron emission tomography (PET). Previously, we reported a microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of [(18)F]SFB with high efficacy. Herein, we reveal an improved and optimized approach based on this former model for producing [(18)F]SFB. With optimized approaches, the entire protocol can be completed within 25min, and [(18)F]SFB is generated in satisfactory quality for direct use without further purification via high-performance liquid chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Po Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-kung Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 23-120 Center for Health Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ming-Kuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Clifton Kwang-Fu Shen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 23-120 Center for Health Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 23-120 Center for Health Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 23-120 Center for Health Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Li-Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beiyi Street 2#, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 23-120 Center for Health Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California Nanosystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Cheng-Yi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-kung Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Daniel H Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-kung Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buckler AJ, Paik D, Ouellette M, Danagoulian J, Wernsing G, Suzek BE. A novel knowledge representation framework for the statistical validation of quantitative imaging biomarkers. J Digit Imaging 2014; 26:614-29. [PMID: 23546775 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-013-9598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative imaging biomarkers are of particular interest in drug development for their potential to accelerate the drug development pipeline. The lack of consensus methods and carefully characterized performance hampers the widespread availability of these quantitative measures. A framework to support collaborative work on quantitative imaging biomarkers would entail advanced statistical techniques, the development of controlled vocabularies, and a service-oriented architecture for processing large image archives. Until now, this framework has not been developed. With the availability of tools for automatic ontology-based annotation of datasets, coupled with image archives, and a means for batch selection and processing of image and clinical data, imaging will go through a similar increase in capability analogous to what advanced genetic profiling techniques have brought to molecular biology. We report on our current progress on developing an informatics infrastructure to store, query, and retrieve imaging biomarker data across a wide range of resources in a semantically meaningful way that facilitates the collaborative development and validation of potential imaging biomarkers by many stakeholders. Specifically, we describe the semantic components of our system, QI-Bench, that are used to specify and support experimental activities for statistical validation in quantitative imaging.
Collapse
|
18
|
Quantitative imaging biomarker ontology (QIBO) for knowledge representation of biomedical imaging biomarkers. J Digit Imaging 2014; 26:630-41. [PMID: 23589184 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-013-9599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A widening array of novel imaging biomarkers is being developed using ever more powerful clinical and preclinical imaging modalities. These biomarkers have demonstrated effectiveness in quantifying biological processes as they occur in vivo and in the early prediction of therapeutic outcomes. However, quantitative imaging biomarker data and knowledge are not standardized, representing a critical barrier to accumulating medical knowledge based on quantitative imaging data. We use an ontology to represent, integrate, and harmonize heterogeneous knowledge across the domain of imaging biomarkers. This advances the goal of developing applications to (1) improve precision and recall of storage and retrieval of quantitative imaging-related data using standardized terminology; (2) streamline the discovery and development of novel imaging biomarkers by normalizing knowledge across heterogeneous resources; (3) effectively annotate imaging experiments thus aiding comprehension, re-use, and reproducibility; and (4) provide validation frameworks through rigorous specification as a basis for testable hypotheses and compliance tests. We have developed the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Ontology (QIBO), which currently consists of 488 terms spanning the following upper classes: experimental subject, biological intervention, imaging agent, imaging instrument, image post-processing algorithm, biological target, indicated biology, and biomarker application. We have demonstrated that QIBO can be used to annotate imaging experiments with standardized terms in the ontology and to generate hypotheses for novel imaging biomarker-disease associations. Our results established the utility of QIBO in enabling integrated analysis of quantitative imaging data.
Collapse
|
19
|
Khamly KK, Hicks RJ, McArthur GA, Thomas DM. The promise of PET in clinical management and as a sensitive test for drug cytotoxicity in sarcomas. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 8:105-19. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
20
|
Zhu JC, Wang F, Fang W, Hua ZC, Wang ZZ. 18F-annexin V apoptosis imaging for detection of myocardium ischemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
21
|
Lu C, Jiang Q, Hu M, Tan C, Ji Y, Yu H, Hua Z. Preliminary biological evaluation of novel (99m)Tc-Cys-annexin A5 as a apoptosis imaging agent. Molecules 2013; 18:6908-18. [PMID: 23752473 PMCID: PMC6270223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel annexin A5 derivative (cys-annexin A5) with a single cysteine residue at its C-terminal has been developed and successfully labeled in high labeling yield with (99m)Tc by a ligand exchange reaction. Like the 1st generation (99m)Tc-HYNIC-annexin A5, the novel (99m)Tc-cys-annexin A5 derivative shows in normal mice mainly renal and, to a lesser extent, hepatobiliary excretion. In rat models of hepatic apoptosis there was 283% increase in hepatic uptake of (99m)Tc-cys-annexin A5 as compared to normal mice. The results indicate that the novel (99m)Tc-cys-annexin A5 is a potential apoptosis imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Quanfu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Minjin Hu
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Yu Ji
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Zichun Hua
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang R, Huang M, Zhou M, Wen X, Huang Q, Li C. Annexin A5–Functionalized Nanoparticle for Multimodal Imaging of Cell Death. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- From the Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Miao Huang
- From the Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Min Zhou
- From the Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- From the Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Qian Huang
- From the Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chun Li
- From the Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang X, Paule MG, Wang C, Slikker W. Application of microPET imaging approaches in the study of pediatric anesthetic-induced neuronal toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:861-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Division of Neurotoxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| | - Merle G. Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| | - William Slikker
- Office of the Director; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)/FDA; Jefferson; AR; USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Radiotracer imaging with MIBI and FDG have shown the benefit of the functional imaging of breast cancer. Newer radiopharmaceuticals targeted to particular aspects of breast cancer biology will likely play an important role in directing more specific and individualized breast cancer treatment. Future studies will need to test the ability of SPECT and PET imaging to detect breast cancer, but also to assess target expression, identify resistance factors, and measure early response to treatment. This will require protocols designed to test the predictive capability of imaging in the setting of a therapy trial, a new paradigm for breast cancer imaging, for which radiotracer imaging is ideally suited.
Collapse
|
25
|
Thonon D, Goblet D, Goukens E, Kaisin G, Paris J, Aerts J, Lignon S, Franci X, Hustinx R, Luxen A. Fully automated preparation and conjugation of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) with RGD peptide using a GE FASTlab™ synthesizer. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 13:1088-95. [PMID: 21267662 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to automate the radiosynthesis of [(18)F]SFB, a widely used reagent for the labeling of biomolecules with (18)F on a new generation commercial synthesis module (FASTLab™, GE Healthcare). PROCEDURES Two synthesis approaches were implemented on this module: the classical "two-pot radiosynthesis" and the more recently described "one-pot" method. RESULTS The "two-pot" approach affords [(18)F]SFB with a 42% decay-corrected yield in 57 min (n = 24) with a chemical purity sufficient to avoid an intermediate HPLC purification. The recently established "one-pot" method, afforded a product with a lower chemical purity, in the conditions used in this report. The lower d.c. yield obtained (32% (n = 15)) was related to the low (18)F labeling yields obtained in MeCN compared with DMSO. The subsequent conjugation step with a RGD (PRGD2) peptide was also successfully automated. CONCLUSIONS The formulated [(18)F]FPRGD2 was obtained without any operator manipulation with a d.c. yield of 13% ± 3% (n = 13) in 130 min, a radiochemical purity >98% and a specific activity of 140 ± 40 TBq/mmol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Thonon
- Cyclotron Research Center, Liege University, Liege, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin KJ, Wu CC, Pan YH, Chen FH, Fu SY, Chiang CS, Hong JH, Lo JM. In vivo imaging of radiation-induced tissue apoptosis by (99m)Tc(I)-his (6)-annexin A5. Ann Nucl Med 2012; 26:272-80. [PMID: 22278351 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-012-0571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recombinant annexin A5 with the N-terminal extension of six histidine residues was labeled with (99m)Tc(I)-tricarbonyl ion to produce the (99m)Tc-labeled annexin A5, referred to (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5. We have explored the agent as an effective imaging probe for in vivo detecting the apoptosis of internal tissue subjected with high radiation doses in a γ-irradiated mouse model. METHODS [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(OH(2))(3)](+) was prepared and taken to directly label his(6)-annexin A5. The radiochemical purity of (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5 after size-exclusion separation was measured by HPLC. The binding affinity of (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5 to apoptotic cells was assessed using 20 Gy-irradiated Jurkat T cells. The effectiveness of (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5 as an imaging probe to detect the internal tissue apoptosis was assessed by biodistribution study and nanoSPECT/CT using the animal model of C57BL/6J mice conducted with 10 Gy γ irradiation. RESULTS The radiochemical purity of (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5 could attain ≥95%. The binding affinity of (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5 to the 20 Gy-irradiated Jurkat cells was found to be ca. 20-fold higher than that to the sham-irradiated cells. In the animal imaging study, the splenic uptake of (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5 for the 10 Gy-irradiated mice showed from ca. 3-fold to 5-fold higher than those of the sham-irradiated mice from 45 to 165 min postinjection. The corresponding intestinal uptake showed from ca. 2-fold to 3-fold higher during the same period of time postinjection. The biodistribution study demonstrated the organ uptakes comparable with the imaging results. The apoptotic extents of the spleen and the intestine from the SPECT/CT imaging were correlated with an immunohistochemical staining assay for caspase 3 active form fragment. CONCLUSION This work is the first study to demonstrate that (99m)Tc(I)-his(6)-annexin A5 is a potential clinical imaging agent for detecting radiation-induced tissue apoptosis in an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ju Lin
- Molecular Imaging Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Glaser M, Goggi J, Smith G, Morrison M, Luthra SK, Robins E, Aboagye EO. Improved radiosynthesis of the apoptosis marker 18F-ICMT11 including biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6945-9. [PMID: 22030029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We improved the specific radioactivity of the apoptosis imaging isatin derivative (18)F-ICMT11. We then evaluated (18)F-ICMT11 in EL4 tumor-bearing mice 24h after treatment with etoposide/cyclophosphamide combination therapy. Dynamic PET imaging demonstrated increased uptake in the drug-treated (0.115±0.011 SUV) compared to the vehicle-treated EL4 tumors (0.083±0.008 SUV). This effect correlated to the observed increases in apoptotic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Glaser
- MDx Discovery (Part of GE Healthcare), Hammersmith Imanet Ltd, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dissoki S, Hagooly A, Elmachily S, Mishani E. Labeling approaches for the GE11 peptide, an epidermal growth factor receptor biomarker. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Dissoki
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
| | - Aviv Hagooly
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
| | - Smadar Elmachily
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
| | - Eyal Mishani
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu K, Wang MW, Lin WY, Phung DL, Girgis MD, Wu AM, Tomlinson JS, Shen CKF. Molecular Imaging Probe Development using Microfluidics. Curr Org Synth 2011; 8:473-487. [PMID: 22977436 DOI: 10.2174/157017911796117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we review the latest advancement of microfluidics in molecular imaging probe development. Due to increasing needs for medical imaging, high demand for many types of molecular imaging probes will have to be met by exploiting novel chemistry/radiochemistry and engineering technologies to improve the production and development of suitable probes. The microfluidic-based probe synthesis is currently attracting a great deal of interest because of their potential to deliver many advantages over conventional systems. Numerous chemical reactions have been successfully performed in micro-reactors and the results convincingly demonstrate with great benefits to aid synthetic procedures, such as purer products, higher yields, shorter reaction times compared to the corresponding batch/macroscale reactions, and more benign reaction conditions. Several 'proof-of-principle' examples of molecular imaging probe syntheses using microfluidics, along with basics of device architecture and operation, and their potential limitations are discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Liu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hou S, Phung DL, Lin WY, Wang MW, Liu K, Shen CKF. Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4[ ¹⁸F]fluorobenzoate ([¹⁸F]SFB). J Vis Exp 2011:2755. [PMID: 21730951 DOI: 10.3791/2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules, including peptides¹⁻⁹, proteins¹⁰⁻¹¹, and antibodies and their engineered fragments¹²⁻¹⁴, are gaining importance as both potential therapeutics and molecular imaging agents. Notably, when labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes (e.g., Cu-64, Ga-68, or F-18), they can be used as probes for targeted imaging of many physiological and pathological processes.¹⁵⁻¹⁸ Therefore, significant effort has devoted to the synthesis and exploration of ¹⁸F-labeled biomolecules. Although there are elegant examples of the direct ¹⁸F-labeling of peptides,¹⁹⁻²² the harsh reaction conditions (i.e., organic solvent, extreme pH, high temperature) associated with direct radiofluorination are usually incompatible with fragile protein samples. To date, therefore, the incorporation of radiolabeled prosthetic groups into biomolecules remains the method of choice.²³(,)²⁴ N-Succinimidyl-4-[¹⁸F]fluorobenzoate ([¹⁸F]SFB),²⁵⁻³⁷ a Bolton-Hunter type reagent that reacts with the primary amino groups of biomolecules, is a very versatile prosthetic group for the ¹⁸F-labeling of a wide spectrum of biological entities, in terms of its evident in vivo stability and high radiolabeling yield. After labeling with [¹⁸F]SFB, the resulting [F]fluorobenzoylated biomolecules could be explored as potential PET tracers for in vivo imaging studies.¹ Most [¹⁸F]SFB radiosyntheses described in the current literatures require two or even three reactors and multiple purifications by using either solid phase extraction (SPE) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Such lengthy processes hamper its routine production and widespread applications in the radiolabeling of biomolecules. Although several module-assisted [¹⁸F]SFB syntheses have been reported²⁹⁻³²,⁴¹⁻⁴² they are mainly based on complicated and lengthy procedures using costly commercially-available radiochemistry boxes (Table 1). Therefore, further simplification of the radiosynthesis of [¹⁸F]SFB using a low-cost setup would be very beneficial for its adaption to an automated process. Herein, we report a concise preparation of [¹⁸F]SFB, based on a simplified one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis (Figure 1). Our approach does not require purification between steps or any aqueous reagents. In addition, microwave irradiation, which has been used in the syntheses of several PET tracers,³⁸⁻⁴¹ can gives higher RCYs and better selectivity than the corresponding thermal reactions or they provide similar yields in shorter reaction times.³⁸Most importantly, when labeling biomolecules, the time saved could be diverted to subsequent bioconjugation or PET imaging step. ²⁸(,)⁴³The novelty of our improved [¹⁸F]SFB synthesis is two-fold: (1) the anhydrous deprotection strategy requires no purification of intermediate(s) between each step and (2) the microwave-assisted radiochemical transformations enable the rapid, reliable production of [¹⁸F]SFB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hou
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang R, Lu W, Wen X, Huang M, Zhou M, Liang D, Li C. Annexin A5-conjugated polymeric micelles for dual SPECT and optical detection of apoptosis. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:958-64. [PMID: 21571801 PMCID: PMC3463236 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.083220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Imaging of apoptosis can allow noninvasive assessment of disease states and response to therapeutic intervention for a variety of diseases. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a multimodal nanoplatform for the detection of apoptosis. METHODS To modulate the pharmacokinetics of annexin A5, a 36-kDa protein that binds specifically with phosphatidylserine, annexin A5 was conjugated to polyethylene glycol-coated, core-cross-linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) dually labeled with near-infrared fluorescence fluorophores and a radioisotope ((111)In). To evaluate the specificity of the binding of annexin A5-CCPM to apoptotic cells, both fluorescence microscopy and cell-binding studies were performed in vitro. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, dual nuclear and optical imaging, and immunohistochemical studies were performed in 2 xenografted tumor models to evaluate the potential applications of annexin A5-CCPM. RESULTS In cell-based studies, annexin A5-CCPM exhibited strongly specific binding to apoptotic tumor cells. This binding could be efficiently blocked by annexin A5. In mice, annexin A5-CCPM displayed a mean elimination half-life of 12.5 h. The mean initial concentration in blood was 22.4% of the injected dose/mL, and annexin A5-CCPM was mainly distributed in the central blood compartment. In mice bearing EL4 lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide and etoposide and in mice bearing MDA-MB-468 breast tumors treated with poly(L-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel and cetuximab (IMC-C225) anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, the tumor apoptosis was clearly visualized by both SPECT and fluorescence molecular tomography. In contrast, there was little accumulation of this nanoradiotracer in the tumors of untreated mice. The biodistribution data were consistent with the imaging data, with tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios of 38.8 and 4.1, respectively, in treated mice, and 14.8 and 2.2, respectively, in untreated mice bearing EL4 lymphoma. Moreover, further studies demonstrated that the conventional (99m)Tc-labeled hydrazinonicotinamide annexin A5 and the plain CCPM control exhibited significantly lower uptake in the tumors of the treated mice than annexin A5-CCPM. Immunohistochemistry staining study showed that radioactivity count correlated with fluorescence signal from the nanoparticles, and both signals colocalized with the region of tumor apoptosis. CONCLUSION Annexin A5-CCPM allowed visualization of tumor apoptosis by both nuclear and optical techniques. The complementary information acquired with multiple imaging techniques should be advantageous in assessing and validating early response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu K, Lepin EJ, Wang MW, Guo F, Lin WY, Chen YC, Sirk SJ, Olma S, Phelps ME, Zhao XZ, Tseng HR, van Dam RM, Wu AM, Shen CKF. Microfluidic-Based
18
F-Labeling of Biomolecules for Immuno–Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Imaging 2011. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2010.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Liu
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Eric J. Lepin
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Feng Guo
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Shannon J. Sirk
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Sebastian Olma
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Michael E. Phelps
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - R. Michael van Dam
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Anna M. Wu
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| | - Clifton K.-F. Shen
- From the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Los Angeles, CA; California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA; PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Physics, School of Physics, and Center of
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vangestel C, Peeters M, Mees G, Oltenfreiter R, Boersma HH, Elsinga PH, Reutelingsperger C, Van Damme N, De Spiegeleer B, Van de Wiele C. In vivo imaging of apoptosis in oncology: an update. Mol Imaging 2011; 10:340-58. [PMID: 21521554 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2010.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, data on noninvasive imaging of apoptosis in oncology are reviewed. Imaging data available are presented in order of occurrence in time of enzymatic and morphologic events occurring during apoptosis. Available studies suggest that various radiopharmaceutical probes bear great potential for apoptosis imaging by means of positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, for several of these probes, thorough toxicologic studies are required before they can be applied in clinical studies. Both preclinical and clinical studies support the notion that 99mTc-hydrazinonicotinamide-annexin A5 and SPECT allow for noninvasive, repetitive, quantitative apoptosis imaging and for assessing tumor response as early as 24 hours following treatment instigation. Bioluminescence imaging and near-infrared fluorescence imaging have shown great potential in small-animal imaging, but their usefulness for in vivo imaging in humans is limited to structures superficially located in the human body. Although preclinical tumor-based data using high-frequency-ultrasonography (US) are promising, whether or not US will become a routinely clinically useful tool in the assessment of therapy response in oncology remains to be proven. The potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for imaging late apoptotic processes is currently unclear. Neither 31P MRS nor 1H MRS signals seems to be a unique identifier for apoptosis. Although MRI-measured apparent diffusion coefficients are altered in response to therapies that induce apoptosis, they are also altered by nonapoptotic cell death, including necrosis and mitotic catastrophe. In the future, rapid progress in the field of apoptosis imaging in oncology is expected.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang F, Fang W, Zhang MR, Zhao M, Liu B, Wang Z, Hua Z, Yang M, Kumata K, Hatori A, Yamasaki T, Yanamoto K, Suzuki K. Evaluation of chemotherapy response in VX2 rabbit lung cancer with 18F-labeled C2A domain of synaptotagmin I. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:592-9. [PMID: 21421722 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.081588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The C2A domain of synaptotagmin I can target apoptotic cells by binding to exposed anionic phospholipids. The goal of this study was to synthesize and develop (18)F-labeled C2A-glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as a molecular imaging probe for the detection of apoptosis and to assess the response of paclitaxel chemotherapy in VX2 rabbit lung cancer. METHODS (18)F-C2A-GST was prepared by labeling C2A-GST with N-succinimidyl 4-(18)F-fluorobenzoate ((18)F-SFB). (18)F-C2A-GST was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The binding of (18)F-C2A-GST toward apoptosis was validated in vitro using camptothecin-induced Jurkat cells. Biodistribution of (18)F-C2A-GST was determined in mice by a dissection method and small-animal PET. Single-dose paclitaxel was used to induce apoptosis in rabbits bearing VX2 tumors (n = 6), and 2 VX2 rabbits without treatment served as control. (18)F-C2A-GST PET was performed before and at 72 h after therapy, and (18)F-FDG PET/CT was also performed before treatment. To confirm the presence of apoptosis, tumor tissue was analyzed and activated caspase-3 was measured. RESULTS (18)F-C2A-GST was obtained with more than 95% radiochemical purity and was stable for 4 h after formulation. (18)F-C2A-GST bound apoptotic cells specifically. Biodistribution in mice showed that (18)F-C2A-GST mainly excreted from the kidneys and rapidly cleared from blood and nonspecific organs. High focal uptake of (18)F-C2A-GST in the tumor area was determined after therapy, whereas no significant uptake before therapy was found in the tumor with (18)F-FDG-avid foci. The maximum standardized uptake value after therapy was 0.47 ± 0.28, significantly higher than that in the control (0.009 ± 0.001; P < 0.001). The apoptotic index was 79.81% ± 8.73% in the therapy group, significantly higher than that in the control (5.03% ± 0.81%; P < 0.001). Activated caspase-3 after paclitaxel treatment increased to 69.55% ± 16.27% and was significantly higher than that in the control (12.26% ± 5.39%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION (18)F-C2A-GST was easily synthesized by conjugation with (18)F-SFB and manifested a favorable biodistribution. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of (18)F-C2A-GST for the early detection of apoptosis after chemotherapy in a VX2 lung cancer model that could imitate the human lung cancer initiation, development, and progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Radiosynthesis of [(18)F]fluoromethyldeoxyspergualin for molecular imaging of heat shock proteins. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 69:609-13. [PMID: 21215649 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To probe the in vivo role of stress response factors in normal physiology and in solid tumors we have designed a stable (18)F-labeled molecular imaging agent based on a ligand for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). We describe the synthesis of [(18)F] fluorodeoxymethylspergualin ([(18)F]MeDSG) as a new radiopharmaceutical probe using a prosthetic group, [(18)F]SFB, for efficient and rapid radiolabeling. Ongoing molecular imaging studies are under way to detect HSP70 expression in tumors by positron emission tomography.
Collapse
|
36
|
MicroPET imaging of ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis with radiolabeled DFNSH. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:203-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
37
|
Li Z, Conti PS. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry for positron emission tomography. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1031-51. [PMID: 20854860 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an emerging technology that allows the visualization of interactions between molecular probes and biological targets. Molecules that either direct or are subject to homeostatic controls in biological systems could be labeled with the appropriate radioisotopes for the quantitative measurement of selected molecular interactions during normal tissue homeostasis and again after perturbations of the normal state. In particular, positron emission tomography (PET) offers picomolar sensitivity and is a fully translational technique that requires specific probes radiolabeled with a usually short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide. PET has provided the capability of measuring biological processes at the molecular and metabolic levels in vivo by the detection of the gamma rays formed as a result of the annihilation of the positrons emitted. Despite the great wealth of information that such probes can provide, the potential of PET strongly depends on the availability of suitable PET radiotracers. However, the development of new imaging probes for PET is far from trivial and radiochemistry is a major limiting factor for the field of PET. In this review, we provided an overview of the most common chemical approaches for the synthesis of PET-labeled molecules and highlighted the most recent developments and trends. The discussed PET radionuclides include ¹¹C (t₁(/)₂=20.4min), ¹³N (t₁(/)₂=9.9min), ¹⁵O (t₁(/)₂=2min), ⁶⁸Ga (t₁(/)₂=68min), ¹⁸F (t₁(/)₂=109.8min), ⁶⁴Cu (t₁(/)₂=12.7h), and ¹²⁴I (t₁(/)₂=4.12d).
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang X, Paule MG, Newport GD, Zou X, Sadovova N, Berridge MS, Apana SM, Hanig JP, Slikker W, Wang C. A minimally invasive, translational biomarker of ketamine-induced neuronal death in rats: microPET Imaging using 18F-annexin V. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111:355-61. [PMID: 19638431 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that suppression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function by ketamine may trigger apoptosis of neurons when given repeatedly during the brain growth spurt period. Because microPET scans can provide in vivo molecular imaging at sufficient resolution, it has been proposed as a minimally invasive method for detecting apoptosis using the tracer (18)F-labeled annexin V. In this study, the effect of ketamine on the metabolism and integrity of the rat brain were evaluated by investigating the uptake and retention of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and (18)F-annexin V using microPET imaging. On postnatal day (PND) 7, rat pups in the experimental group were exposed to six injections of ketamine (20 mg/kg at 2-h intervals) and control rat pups received six injections of saline. On PND 35, 37 MBq (1 mCi) of (18)F-FDG or (18)F-annexin V was injected into the tail vein of treated and control rats, and static microPET images were obtained over 1 (FDG) and 2 h (annexin V) following the injection. No significant difference was found in (18)F-FDG uptake in the regions of interest (ROIs) in the brains of ketamine-treated rats compared with saline-treated controls. The uptake of (18)F-annexin V, however, was significantly increased in the ROI of ketamine-treated rats. Additionally, the duration of annexin V tracer washout was prolonged in the ketamine-treated animals. These results demonstrate that microPET imaging is capable of distinguishing differences in retention of (18)F-annexin V in different brain regions and suggests that this approach may provide a minimally invasive biomarker of neuronal apoptosis in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Y, Foss CA, Byun Y, Nimmagadda S, Pullambhatla M, Fox JJ, Castanares M, Lupold SE, Babich JW, Mease RC, Pomper MG. Radiohalogenated prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based ureas as imaging agents for prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2009; 51:7933-43. [PMID: 19053825 DOI: 10.1021/jm801055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To extend our development of new imaging agents targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), we have used the versatile intermediate 2-[3-(5-amino-1-carboxy-pentyl)-ureido]-pentanedioic acid (Lys-C(O)-Glu), which allows ready incorporation of radiohalogens for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). We prepared 2-[3-[1-carboxy-5-(4-[(125)I]iodo-benzoylamino)-pentyl]-ureido]-pentanedioic acid ([(125)I]3), 2-[3-[1-carboxy-5-(4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoylamino)-pentyl]-ureido]-pentanedioic acid ([(18)F]6), and 2-(3-[1-carboxy-5-[(5-[(125)I]iodo-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl]-ureido)-pentanedioic acid ([(125)I]8) in 65-80% (nondecay-corrected), 30-35% (decay corrected), and 59-75% (nondecay-corrected) radiochemical yields. Compound [(125)I]3 demonstrated 8.8 +/- 4.7% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) within PSMA(+) PC-3 PIP tumor at 30 min postinjection, which persisted, with clear delineation of the tumor by SPECT. Similar tumor uptake values at early time points were demonstrated for [(18)F]6 (using PET) and [(125)I]8. Because of the many radiohalogenated moieties that can be attached via the epsilon amino group, the intermediate Lys-C(O)-Glu is an attractive template upon which to develop new imaging agents for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Neumaier B, Mottaghy FM, Buck AK, Glatting G, Blumstein NM, Mahren B, Vogg AT, Reske SN. Short Communication: 18F-Immuno-PET: Determination of Anti-CD66 Biodistribution in a Patient with High-Risk Leukemia. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2008; 23:819-24. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Neumaier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Cyclotron/Radiochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas K. Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Bettina Mahren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sven N. Reske
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Biechlin ML, Bonmartin A, Gilly FN, Fraysse M, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A. Radiolabeling of annexin A5 with (99m)Tc: comparison of HYNIC-Tc vs. iminothiolane-Tc-tricarbonyl conjugates. Nucl Med Biol 2008; 35:679-87. [PMID: 18678353 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the perspective of expanding the use of annexin A5 (anx A5) as radioactive tracer of cell death in vivo, we recently described its radiolabeling with (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) via the mercaptobutyrimidyl group (anx A5-SH). The aim of the present article was to compare this new method with the HYNIC strategy (anx A5-HYNIC), recognized at present as the reference for the radiolabeling of proteins with (99m)Tc. Similar radiolabeling yields and better chemical stability were obtained with the [anx A5-SH-(99m)Tc-tricarbonyl] complex. Since the [anx A5-HYNIC-(99m)Tc(tricine)(2)] conjugate shows isomeric forms which can affect the biological properties whereas [anx A5-SH-(99m)Tc-tricarbonyl] is less or not prone to such drawback, the latter seems superior to the former. Furthermore, (anx A5-SH) is readily obtained via commercial sources of Traut's reagent whereas (anx A5-HYNIC) is not. The results provide encouraging evidence in the development of anx A5-labeled reagent for apoptose imaging.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Since its original description in 1972, apoptosis or programmed cell death has been recognized as the major pathway by which the body precisely regulates the number and type of its cells as part of normal embryogenesis, development, and homeostasis. Later it was found that apoptosis was also involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, cell immunity, and the action of cytotoxotic drugs and radiation therapy in cancer treatment. As such, the imaging of apoptosis with noninvasive techniques such as with radiotracers, including annexin V and lipid proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, may have a wide range of clinical utility in both the diagnosis and monitoring therapy of a wide range of human disorders. In this chapter we review the basic biochemical and morphologic features of apoptosis and the methods developed thus far to image this complex process in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H William Strauss
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital, 1275 York Ave., Room S-212, Nuclear Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Automated synthesis of the generic peptide labelling agent N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate and application to 18F-label the vasoactive transmitter urotensin-II as a ligand for positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 2008; 35:725-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Wuest F, Berndt M, Bergmann R, van den Hoff J, Pietzsch J. Synthesis and application of [18F]FDG-maleimidehexyloxime ([18F]FDG-MHO): a [18F]FDG-based prosthetic group for the chemoselective 18F-labeling of peptides and proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1202-10. [PMID: 18481886 DOI: 10.1021/bc8000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-[(18)F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) as the most important PET radiotracer is available in almost every PET center. However, there are only very few examples using [(18)F]FDG as a building block for the synthesis of (18)F-labeled compounds. The present study describes the use of [(18)F]FDG as a building block for the synthesis of (18)F-labeled peptides and proteins. [(18)F]FDG was converted into [(18)F]FDG-maleimidehexyloxime ([(18)F]FDG-MHO), a novel [(18)F]FDG-based prosthetic group for the mild and thiol group-specific (18)F labeling of peptides and proteins. The reaction was performed at 100 degrees C for 15 min in a sealed vial containing [(18)F]FDG and N-(6-aminoxy-hexyl)maleimide in 80% ethanol. [(18)F]FDG-MHO was obtained in 45-69% radiochemical yield (based upon [(18)F]FDG) after HPLC purification in a total synthesis time of 45 min. Chemoselecetive conjugation of [(18)F]FDG-MHO to thiol groups was investigated by the reaction with the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and the single cysteine containing protein annexin A5 (anxA5). Radiolabeled annexin A5 ([(18)F]FDG-MHO-anxA5) was obtained in 43-58% radiochemical yield (based upon [(18)F]FDG-MHO, n = 6), and [(18)F]FDG-MHO-anxA5 was used for a pilot small animal PET study to assess in vivo biodistribution and kinetics in a HT-29 murine xenograft model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wuest
- Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiopharmacy, PF 510 119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tang G, Zeng W, Yu M, Kabalka G. Facile synthesis ofN-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) for protein labeling. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
47
|
Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. Synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate, an agent for labeling proteins and peptides with 18F. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:1655-61. [PMID: 17487148 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the step-by-step procedure for the synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), an agent widely used for labeling proteins and peptides with the positron-emitting radionuclide 18F. The protocols for the synthesis of unlabeled SFB and the quaternary salt precursor 4-formyl-N,N,N-trimethyl benzenaminium trifluoromethane sulfonate also are described. For the [18F]SFB synthesis, the quaternary salt is first converted to 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde. Oxidation of the latter provides 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid, which is converted to [18F]SFB by treatment with N,N-disuccinimidyl carbonate. Using this method, [18F]SFB can be synthesized in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 30%-35% and a specific radioactivity of 11-12 GBq micromol(-1). The total synthesis and purification time required is about 80 min, starting from delivery of the [18F]fluoride. [18F]SFB remains an optimal reagent for labeling proteins and peptides with 18F because of good conjugation yields and metabolic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The practice of oncology is changing, with novel biologic agents broadening our therapeutic armamentarium. Along with excitement and promise, multiple new challenges arise. The concept of 'individualized cancer care,' where therapies are selected based on the unique characteristics of a patient's tumor, is gaining favor as an approach to address the heterogeneity of cancer. As a result, we must strive to discover biomarkers with prognostic and predictive value to improve drug selection, alteration and development. Metabolic and molecular imaging with PET appears at the forefront of this critical field. In this review, we discuss cancer biomarker development, opportunities for PET to elucidate tumor biology and the potential role of PET in clinical research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Y Yu
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Division of Medical Oncology, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, G4-836, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Biswal S, Resnick DL, Hoffman JM, Gambhir SS. Molecular Imaging: Integration of Molecular Imaging into the Musculoskeletal Imaging Practice. Radiology 2007; 244:651-71. [PMID: 17709823 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2443060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis, malignancy, and chronic injury and/or inflammation, all of which may produce chronic musculoskeletal pain, often pose challenges for current clinical imaging methods. The ability to distinguish an acute flare from chronic changes in rheumatoid arthritis, to survey early articular cartilage breakdown, to distinguish sarcomatous recurrence from posttherapeutic inflammation, and to directly identify generators of chronic pain are a few examples of current diagnostic limitations. There is hope that a growing field known as molecular imaging will provide solutions to these diagnostic puzzles. These techniques aim to depict, noninvasively, specific abnormal cellular, molecular, and physiologic events associated with these and other diseases. For example, the presence and mobilization of specific cell populations can be monitored with molecular imaging. Cellular metabolism, stress, and apoptosis can also be followed. Furthermore, disease-specific molecules can be targeted, and particular gene-related events can be assayed in living subjects. Relatively recent molecular and cellular imaging protocols confirm important advances in imaging technology, engineering, chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics that have coalesced into a multidisciplinary and multimodality effort. Molecular probes are currently being developed not only for radionuclide-based techniques but also for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy, ultrasonography, and the emerging field of optical imaging. Furthermore, molecular imaging is facilitating the development of molecular therapies and gene therapy, because molecular imaging makes it possible to noninvasively track and monitor targeted molecular therapies. Implementation of molecular imaging procedures will be essential to a clinical imaging practice. With this in mind, the goal of the following discussion is to promote a better understanding of how such procedures may help address specific musculoskeletal issues, both now and in the years ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Biswal
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, S-062B, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cheng D, Yin D, Zhang L, Wang M, Li G, Wang Y. Radiosynthesis of 18F-(R8,15,21, L17)-vasoactive intestinal peptide and preliminary evaluation in mice bearing C26 colorectal tumours. Nucl Med Commun 2007; 28:501-6. [PMID: 17460542 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328155d111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiolabelled vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its analogues have shown their potential as imaging agents for diagnosing tumours expressing VIP receptor. However, the fast proteolytic degradation in vivo has limited their clinical use. AIM To prepare the 18F-labelled (R8,15,21, L17)-VIP analogue in a convenient way and to evaluate its potential as an imaging agent for VIP receptor-positive tumours. METHODS Radiolabelled (R8,15,21, L17)-VIP was obtained by conjugation with N-succinimidyl 4-([18F]fluoromethyl) benzoate and purified by HPLC. Radiochemical purity and specific radioactivity were measured by analytical HPLC. In-vitro stability of the product was carried out in HSA solution and analysed by HPLC. Biodistribution study was carried out in mice bearing C26 colorectal tumours. RESULTS 18F-(R8,15,21, L17)-VIP was obtained in greater than 99% radiochemical purity within 60 min in decay-for-corrected radiochemical yields of 21.8+/-4.7% (n=5) and a specific activity of 17.76 GBq x mumol(-1) at the end of synthesis (EOS). Results of in-vitro studies demonstrated a high stability in human serum albumin (HSA) solution. Biodistribution data showed a rapid blood clearance and specific binding towards receptor-positive tumours. CONCLUSION 18F-(R8,15,21, L17)-VIP was prepared by a convenient method. Preliminary biodistribution results showed its potential for imaging tumours over-expressing VIP receptors and encouraged further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|