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Lewis MR, Cutler CS, Jurisson SS. Targeted Antibodies and Peptides. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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2
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Richard M, Specklin S, Roche M, Hinnen F, Kuhnast B. Original synthesis of radiolabeling precursors for batch and on resin one-step/late-stage radiofluorination of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2507-2510. [PMID: 32003763 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09434b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeling of peptides with fluorine-18 is hurdled by their chemical sensitivity and complicated processes. Original triflyl-pyridine intermediates afforded ammonium precursors that were radiolabeled at low temperature. From that study, a generic tag has been designed to allow a simple one-step/late-stage radiolabelling of peptides. The strategy has been transposed to an automated "on-resin" radiolabelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Richard
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Bertrand KUHNAST, 4 place du général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France.
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Xu P, Wang H, Hu H, Ye Y, Dong Y, Li S, Mei D, Guo Z, Wang D, Sun Y, Yu T, Qiao J, Zhang Q. cRGDfK-Grafted Small-Size Quercetin Micelles For Enhancing Therapy Efficacy Of Active Ingredient From The Chinese Medicinal Herb. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9173-9184. [PMID: 31819425 PMCID: PMC6886538 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s219578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine, quercetin (QU) can significantly induce apoptosis of tumor cells and give play to other effect such as decreasing both fibroblast population and collagen in cancer cell nest. However, the antitumor efficacy of quercetin was mostly evaluated at cellular level and rarely developed in vivo by intravenous injection, which may be ascribed to its inferior physicochemical properties including water insolubility, short plasma half-time, and insufficient enrichment in the tumor tissues. Methods The DSPE-PEG was used to construct quercetin-loaded micelles, and the integrin ligand cRGDfK was grafted to modify the nanocarrier for enhancing its cancer-specific homing. The MALDI-TOF-MS, DLS, TEM, and UV were orderly operated to characterize guidance molecules and micelles by morphology, size distribution, Zeta potential, and drug encapsulation efficiency. In addition, the surface plasmon resonance study and real-time confocal analysis were employed to demonstrate αvβ3 integrin-overexpressing B16 cells-specific binding and uptake. After further pharmacodynamics studies in vitro and in vivo, we also evaluate systemic toxicity about cRGDfK-PM-QU. Results The cRGDfK was successfully stitched with DSPE-PEG and modified on the surface of micelles. The ligand modification enhanced the negative charges of the micelles, but it did not induce significant changes in particle size. The quercetin micelles were about 15 nm in size and negatively charged, and had spherical morphology and high drug encapsulation efficiency. In vitro, the cRGDfK-modified micelles (cRGDfK-PM) showed αvβ3 integrin-overexpressing B16 cells-specific binding and uptake, and cRGDfK-PM-QU (QU loaded in cRGDfK-PM) induced more significant cell apoptosis and cytotoxic effects against B16 tumor cells than counterpart micelles (PM-QU). In vivo, the cRDGfK modification enhanced enrichment in B16 tumor tissue, improved the therapeutic efficacy of the quercetin-loaded micelles against B16 tumor, and exhibited lower systemic and pulmonary toxicity compared with counterpart micelles in the mouse mode. Conclusion Quercetin as a natural product has triggered increasing interest in the antitumor field. In this study, cRGDfK-modified DSPE-PEG micelles significantly optimized quercetin therapeutic efficacy and pulmonary toxicity as well as lowered systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxue Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchan Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Mishiro K, Hanaoka H, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa K. Radiotheranostics with radiolanthanides: Design, development strategies, and medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ogawa K. Development of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Probes with Controlled Pharmacokinetics for Use in Radiotheranostics. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:897-903. [PMID: 31474726 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The word "theranostics," a portmanteau word made by combining "therapeutics" and "diagnostics," refers to a personalized medicine concept. Recently, the word, "radiotheranostics," has also been used in nuclear medicine as a term that refer to the use of radioisotopes for combined imaging and therapy. For radiotheranostics, a diagnostic probe and a corresponding therapeutic probe can be prepared by introducing diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes into the same precursor. These diagnostic and therapeutic probes can be designed to show equivalent pharmacokinetics, which is important for radiotheranostics. As imaging can predict the absorbed radiation dose and thus the therapeutic and side effects, radiotheranostics can help achieve the goal of personalized medicine. In this review, I discuss the use of radiolabeled probes targeting bone metastases, sigma-1 receptor, and αVβ3 integrin for radiotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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6
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Yuan Z, Nodwell MB, Yang H, Malik N, Merkens H, Bénard F, Martin RE, Schaffer P, Britton R. Site-Selective, Late-Stage C-H 18 F-Fluorination on Unprotected Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12733-12736. [PMID: 30086209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are often ideal ligands for diagnostic molecular imaging due to their ease of synthesis and tuneable targeting properties. However, labelling unmodified peptides with 18 F for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging presents a number of challenges. Here we show the combination of photoactivated sodium decatungstate and [18 F]-N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide effects site-selective 18 F-fluorination at the branched position in leucine residues in unprotected and unaltered peptides. This streamlined process provides a means to directly convert native peptides into PET imaging agents under mild aqueous conditions, enabling rapid discovery and development of peptide-based molecular imaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.,Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Matthew B Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Noeen Malik
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Rainer E Martin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Science Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Yuan Z, Nodwell MB, Yang H, Malik N, Merkens H, Bénard F, Martin RE, Schaffer P, Britton R. Site-Selective, Late-Stage C−H 18
F-Fluorination on Unprotected Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheliang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Matthew B. Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Noeen Malik
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- Medicinal Chemistry; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED); Roche Innovation Center Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Grenzacherstrasse 124 CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Science Division; TRIUMF; Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University Burnaby; British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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Yi J, Jiang N, Li B, Yan Q, Qiu T, Swaminatha Iyer K, Yin Y, Dai H, Yetisen AK, Li S. Painful Terminal Neuroma Prevention by Capping PRGD/PDLLA Conduit in Rat Sciatic Nerves. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700876. [PMID: 29938170 PMCID: PMC6010769 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroma formation after amputation as a long-term deficiency leads to spontaneous neuropathic pain that reduces quality of life of patients. To prevent neuroma formation, capping techniques are implemented as effective treatments. However, an ideal, biocompatible material covering the nerves is an unmet clinical need. In this study, biocompatible characteristics presented by the poly(D,L-lactic acid)/arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD peptide) modification of poly{(lactic acid)-co- [(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-lysine)]} (PRGD/PDLLA) are evaluated as a nerve conduit. After being capped on the rat sciatic nerve stump in vivo, rodent behaviors and tissue structures are compared via autotomy scoring and histological analyses. The PRGD/PDLLA capped group gains lower autotomy score and improves the recovery, where inflammatory infiltrations and excessive collagen deposition are defeated. Transmission electron microscopy images of the regeneration of myelin sheath in both groups show that abnormal myelination is only present in the uncapped rats. Changes in related genes (MPZ, MBP, MAG, and Krox20) are monitored quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for mechanism investigation. The PRGD/PDLLA capping conduits not only act as physical barriers to inhibit the invasion of inflammatory infiltration in the scar tissue but also provide a suitable microenvironment for promoting nerve repairing and avoiding neuroma formation during nerve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia35 Stirling HwyCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Tong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | | | - Yixia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
- Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA02115USA
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Shipu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
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Ogawa K, Takeda T, Yokokawa M, Yu J, Makino A, Kiyono Y, Shiba K, Kinuya S, Odani A. Comparison of Radioiodine- or Radiobromine-Labeled RGD Peptides between Direct and Indirect Labeling Methods. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:651-659. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Takuya Takeda
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Jing Yu
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Akira Makino
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui
| | | | | | - Seigo Kinuya
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Akira Odani
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Lv H, Zhu Q, Liu K, Zhu M, Zhao W, Mao Y, Liu K. Coupling of a bifunctional peptide R13 to OTMCS-PEI copolymer as a gene vector increases transfection efficiency and tumor targeting. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1311-22. [PMID: 24648730 PMCID: PMC3956686 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A degradable polyethylenimine (PEI) derivative coupled to a bifunctional peptide R13 was developed to solve the transfection efficiency versus cytotoxicity and tumor-targeting problems of PEI when used as a gene vector. METHODS We crossed-linked low molecular weight PEI with N-octyl-N-quaternary chitosan (OTMCS) to synthesize a degradable PEI derivative (OTMCS-PEI), and then used a bifunctional peptide, RGDC-TAT (49-57) called R13 to modify OTMCS-PEI so as to prepare a new gene vector, OTMCS-PEI-R13. This new gene vector was characterized by various physicochemical methods. Its cytotoxicity and gene transfection efficiency were also determined both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The vector showed controlled degradation and excellent buffering capacity. The particle size of the OTMCS-PEI-R13/DNA complexes was around 150-250 nm and the zeta potential ranged from 10 mV to 30 mV. The polymer could protect plasmid DNA from being digested by DNase I at a concentration of 23.5 U DNase I/μg DNA. Further, the polymer was resistant to dissociation induced by 50% fetal bovine serum and 400 μg/mL sodium heparin. Compared with PEI 25 kDa, the OTMCS-PEI-R13/DNA complexes showed higher transfection efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Further, compared with OTMCS-PEI, distribution of OTMCS-PEI-R13 at tumor sites was markedly enhanced, indicating the tumor-targeting specificity of R13. CONCLUSION OTMCS-PEI-R13 could be a potential candidate as a safe and efficient gene delivery carrier for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lv
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewu Liu
- Heilongjiang Forest By-Product and Speciality Institute, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Zhao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Mao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yu YP, Wang Q, Liu YC, Xie Y. Molecular basis for the targeted binding of RGD-containing peptide to integrin αVβ3. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1667-75. [PMID: 24268666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Integrin αVβ3-targeting peptides with an exposed arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) sequence play a crucial role in targeted anticancer drug delivery. The effects of RGD-containing peptide structure and quantity on mechanism of targeted binding of RGD-containing peptide to integrin αVβ3 were studied intensively at the molecular level via molecular dynamic simulations. Targeted recognization was mainly driven by the electrostatic interactions between the residues in RGD and the metal ions in integrin αVβ3, and cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate-phenylalanine-valine (RGDFV) peptide appeared to be a better vector than the linear RGD-containing peptides. In addition, the optimal molar concentration ratio of RGD peptides to integrin αVβ3 appeared to be 2:1. These results will help improve the current understanding on the mechanism of interactions between RGD and integrin αVβ3, and promote the application prospects of RGD-based vectors in tumor imaging, diagnosis, and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Yu
- Soft Matter Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Soft Matter Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Ying-Chun Liu
- Soft Matter Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Cai H, Conti PS. RGD-based PET tracers for imaging receptor integrin αv β3 expression. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:264-79. [PMID: 24285371 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of receptor integrin αv β3 expression may play a key role in the early detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, monitoring disease progression, evaluating therapeutic response, and aiding anti-angiogenic drugs discovery and development. The last decade has seen the development of new PET tracers for in vivo imaging of integrin αv β3 expression along with advances in PET chemistry. In this review, we will focus on the radiochemistry development of PET tracers based on arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, present an overview of general strategies for preparing RGD-based PET tracers, and review the recent advances in preparations of (18) F-labeled, (64) Cu-labeled, and (68) Ga-labeled RGD tracers, RGD-based PET multivalent probes, and RGD-based PET multimodality probes for imaging receptor integrin αv β3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Cai
- PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Jia L, Cheng Z, Shi L, Li J, Wang C, Jiang D, Zhou W, Meng H, Qi Y, Cheng D, Zhang L. Fluorine-18 labeling by click chemistry: multiple probes in one pot. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 75:64-70. [PMID: 23455406 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry has been widely applied in drug development including radiopharmaceuticals and has shown great advantages. Here we reported a novel strategy for rapid preparation of multiple (18)F labeled PET probes in one pot using the 'Click Reaction' of Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes and organic azides (CuAAC). Preliminary results showed its high efficiency and potential for speeding up the preclinical screening of PET probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jia
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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15
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Abstract
Molecular imaging has witnessed an upsurge in growth, with positron emission tomography leading the way. This trend has encouraged numerous synthetic chemists to enter the field of (18) F-radiochemistry and provide generic solutions to address the well-recognized challenges of late-stage fluorination. This Minireview focuses on recent developments in the (18)F-labeling of aromatic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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Shetty D, Jeong JM, Shim H. Stroma targeting nuclear imaging and radiopharmaceuticals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2012:817682. [PMID: 22685650 PMCID: PMC3364577 DOI: 10.1155/2012/817682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation of tumor accompanies profound changes in the normal neighboring tissue, called tumor stroma. The tumor stroma provides an environment favoring local tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic spreading. Nuclear imaging (PET/SPECT) measures biochemical and physiologic functions in the human body. In oncology, PET/SPECT is particularly useful for differentiating tumors from postsurgical changes or radiation necrosis, distinguishing benign from malignant lesions, identifying the optimal site for biopsy, staging cancers, and monitoring the response to therapy. Indeed, PET/SPECT is a powerful, proven diagnostic imaging modality that displays information unobtainable through other anatomical imaging, such as CT or MRI. When combined with coregistered CT data, [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG)-PET is particularly useful. However, [(18)F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer. This paper will review the tumor microenvironment targeting oncologic imaging such as angiogenesis, invasion, hypoxia, growth, and homing, and also therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals to provide a roadmap for additional applications of tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5008, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jae-Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5008, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Liu K, Wang X, Fan W, Zhu Q, Yang J, Gao J, Gao S. Degradable polyethylenimine derivate coupled to a bifunctional peptide R13 as a new gene-delivery vector. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1149-62. [PMID: 22412301 PMCID: PMC3299202 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To solve the efficiency versus cytotoxicity and tumor-targeting problems of polyethylenimine (PEI) used as a nonviral gene delivery vector, a degradable PEI derivate coupled to a bifunctional peptide R13 was developed. Methods First, we synthesized a degradable PEI derivate by crosslinking low-molecular-weight PEI with pluronic P123, then used tumor-targeting peptide arginine-glycine-aspartate-cysteine (RGDC), in conjunction with the cell-penetrating peptide Tat (49–57), to yield a bifunctional peptide RGDC-Tat (49–57) named R13, which can improve cell selection and increase cellular uptake, and, lastly, adopted R13 to modify the PEI derivates so as to prepare a new polymeric gene vector (P123-PEI-R13). The new gene vector was characterized in terms of its chemical structure and biophysical parameters. We also investigated the specificity, cytotoxicity, and gene transfection efficiency of this vector in αvβ3-positive human cervical carcinoma Hela cells and murine melanoma B16 cells in vitro. Results The vector showed controlled degradation, strong targeting specificity to αvβ3 receptor, and noncytotoxicity in Hela cells and B16 cells at higher doses, in contrast to PEI 25 KDa. The particle size of P123-PEI-R13/DNA complexes was around 100–250 nm, with proper zeta potential. The nanoparticles can protect plasmid DNA from being digested by DNase I at a concentration of 6 U DNase I/μg DNA. The nanoparticles were resistant to dissociation induced by 50% fetal bovine serum and 600 μg/mL sodium heparin. P123-PEI-R13 also revealed higher transfection efficiency in two cell lines as compared with PEI 25 KDa. Conclusion P123-PEI-R13 is a potential candidate as a safe and efficient gene-delivery carrier for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Kiesewetter DO, Jacobson O, Lang L, Chen X. Automated radiochemical synthesis of [18F]FBEM: a thiol reactive synthon for radiofluorination of peptides and proteins. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 69:410-4. [PMID: 20965741 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The automated radiochemical synthesis of N-[2-(4-[(18)F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([(18)F]FBEM, IUPAC name: N-maleoylethyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzamide), a prosthetic group for radiolabeling the free sulfhydryl groups of peptides and proteins, is herein described. 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoic acid was first prepared by nucleophilic displacement of a trimethylammonium moiety on a pentamethylbenzyl benzoate ester with [(18)F]fluoride. In the second step the ester was cleaved under acidic conditions. Finally, 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoic acid was coupled to N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide using diethylcyanophosphate and diisopropylethyl amine. Following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification, [(18)F]FBEM was obtained in 17.3±7.1% yield (not decay corrected) in approximately 95 min. Isolation from the HPLC eluate and preparation for subsequent use, which was conducted manually, required an additional 10-15 min. The measured specific activity for three batches was 181.3, 251.6, and 351.5 GBq/μmol at the end of bombardment (EOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale O Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1C401, MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Jacobson O, Chen X. PET designated flouride-18 production and chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2010; 10:1048-59. [PMID: 20388116 PMCID: PMC3617500 DOI: 10.2174/156802610791384298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging technology which allows for four-dimensional, quantitative determination of the distribution of labeled biological compounds within the human body. PET is becoming an increasingly important tool for the measurement of physiological, biochemical and pharmacological functions at the molecular level in healthy and pathological conditions. This review will focus on Flouride-18, one of the common isotopes used for PET imaging, which has a half life of 109.8 minutes. This isotope can be produced with an efficient yield in a cyclotron as a nucleophile or as an electrophile. Flouride-18 can be thereafter introduced into small molecules or biomolecules using various chemical synthetic routes, to give the desired imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, USA
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Schottelius M, Laufer B, Kessler H, Wester HJ. Ligands for mapping alphavbeta3-integrin expression in vivo. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:969-80. [PMID: 19489579 DOI: 10.1021/ar800243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The alpha(v)beta(3)- and alpha(5)beta(1)-integrins play a key role in angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels in tissues that lack them. By serving as receptors for a variety of extracellular matrix proteins containing an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence, these integrins mediate migration of endothelial cells into the basement membrane and regulate their growth, survival, and differentiation. Besides being involved in angiogenesis, the alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin is also presented on tumor cells of various origin, where it is involved in the processes that govern metastasis. Because the alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin is an attractive target for cancer treatment, high-affinity ligands containing the RGD sequence, for example, cyclic pentapeptides, have been developed. They inhibit angiogenesis, induce endothelial apoptosis, decrease tumor growth, and reduce invasiveness and spread of metastasis. This development finally resulted in cyclo(RGDf(NMe)V) (cilengitide), which is a drug for the treatment of glioblastoma (currently in phase III clinical trials). With the growing focus on individualized medicine, clinicians would like to be able to assess the severity of the disease and monitor therapy for each patient. Such measurements would be based on a noninvasive visualization and quantification the alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin expression levels before, during, and after antiangiogenic therapy. A wide spectrum of in vivo imaging probes for the nuclear imaging modalities positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), for optical imaging, and for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been developed with these goals in mind. In this Account, we describe the synthesis and preclinical and clinical assessments of dedicated targeting probes. These molecules ideally accumulate selectively and in high concentrations in alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin-expressing tissues, have low uptake and retention in nontarget tissues, and are highly stable against in vivo degradation. [(123)I]cyclo(RGDyV) was the first radiolabeled "imaging analogue" of cilengitide that we evaluated preclinically in detail. Subsequent studies focused on cyclo(RGDfK) and cyclo(RGDyK), which allowed conjugation with various signaling moieties, such as prosthetic groups, bifunctional chelators (DTPA, DOTA, NOTA, TETA, and TE2A for labeling with (111)In or (177)Lu for SPECT and (86)Y, (68)Ga, or (64)Cu for PET), or fluorescent dyes (Cy5.5, cypate). Furthermore, pharmacokinetic modifiers such as carbohydrates, charged amino acids, or PEG analogues were coupled to the peptide core without significantly affecting the binding affinity. Finally, dimers, tetramers, octamers, and polymers and decorated quantum dots with several dozens of peptide units were constructed and investigated. Some of these multimers demonstrated significantly improved affinity (avidity) and targeting efficiency in vivo. Besides peptidic alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin ligands, researchers have investigated radiolabeled antibodies such as Abegrin and used molecular modeling to design small peptidomimetics with improved activity, in vivo stability, and subtype selectivity (e.g., (111)In-TA138). Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in nanoparticles such as nanotubes, quantum dots, or paramagnetic particles coated with cyclic RGD analogues as targeting agents. [(18)F]Galacto-RGD, a glycosylated cyclo(RGDfK) analogue, was the first such substance applied in patients and has been successfully assessed in more than 100 patients so far. Because of modification with carbohydrates, rapid renal excretion, and inherently low background activity in most regions of the body, imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) expression with high tumor/background ratios and high specificity is possible. Other (18)F-labeled RGD analogues recently developed by Siemens and GE Healthcare have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Schottelius
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Laufer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Technische Universität München, Department Chemie, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Technische Universität München, Department Chemie, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthese von11C-,18F-,15O- und13N-Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthesis of11C,18F,15O, and13N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8998-9033. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang D, Feng XY, Henning TD, Wen L, Lu WY, Pan H, Wu X, Zou LG. MR imaging of tumor angiogenesis using sterically stabilized Gd-DTPA liposomes targeted to CD105. Eur J Radiol 2008; 70:180-9. [PMID: 18541399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To depict tumor angiogenesis via the expression of CD105 in tumor-bearing rats using Gd-DTPA liposomes targeted to CD105 (CD105-Gd-SLs) on MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three Gd-DTPA liposomal nanoparticles were prepared in our trial: liposomes entrapping Gd-DTPA (Gd-SLs), Gd-SLs conjugated to immunoglobulins (IgG-Gd-SLs) and CD105-Gd-SLs. Forty glioma-bearing rats were randomized into four groups: (a) Gd-DTPA; (b) Gd-SLs; (c) IgG-Gd-SLs; (d) CD105-Gd-SLs. Axial T1WI MRI images were collected at baseline and repeated at 5, 30, 60 and 120 min post-intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA or liposome. Enhancement features and contrast-to-noise ratio of each group were analyzed. After imaging, tumors were resected for immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining to assess vascularity and angiogenesis. RESULTS The four groups showed different enhancement features. The enhancement area was restricted for group CD105-Gd-SLs, while diffused for the other three. The degree of enhancement over time varied: group Gd-DTPA showed an early contrast enhancement at instant after injection with a peak at 30 min and a decline to baseline values at 60 min. In group CD105-Gd-SLs, the signal intensity (SI) continuously increased over 120 min. In groups IgG-Gd-SLs and Gd-SLs the SI peaked at 60 min, followed by a minor decrease for IgG-Gd-SLs and a rapid decrease for Gd-SLs almost to baseline. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the enhancement in the CD105-Gd-SLs group resulted mainly from new microvessels. While in the other three groups, mature microvessels and new microvasculature resulted in the enhancement of the tumor. CONCLUSION CD105-Gd-SLs can be used to detect early tumor angiogenesis on MR images. This might provide a means to non-invasively reveal a malignant phenotype of extracerebral F98 tumor and evaluate its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400037, PR China
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Jeong JM, Hong MK, Chang YS, Lee YS, Kim YJ, Cheon GJ, Lee DS, Chung JK, Lee MC. Preparation of a promising angiogenesis PET imaging agent: 68Ga-labeled c(RGDyK)-isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid and feasibility studies in mice. J Nucl Med 2008; 49:830-6. [PMID: 18413379 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.047423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) derivatives have been labeled with various radioisotopes for the imaging of angiogenesis in ischemic tissue, in which alpha(v)beta(3) integrin plays an important role. In this study, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys [c(RGDyK)] was conjugated with 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (SCN-Bz-NOTA) and then labeled with (68)Ga. The labeled RGD so produced was subjected to an in vitro binding assay and in vivo biodistribution and PET studies. METHODS A mixture of SCN-Bz-NOTA (660 nmol) and c(RGDyK) (600 nmol) in 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.5) was allowed to react for 20 h at room temperature in the dark for thiourea bond formation. The conjugate obtained was purified by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The purified c(RGDyK)-SCN-Bz-NOTA (NOTA-RGD) was then labeled with (68)Ga from a (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator and purified by semipreparative HPLC. A competitive binding assay for c(RGDyK) and NOTA-RGD was performed with (125)I-c(RGDyK) as a radioligand and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-coated plates as a solid phase. (68)Ga-NOTA-RGD (0.222 MBq/100 microL) was injected, through a tail vein, into mice with hind limb ischemia and into mice bearing human colon cancer SNU-C4 xenografts. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed at 1 and 2 h after injection. RESULTS The labeling of NOTA-RGD with (68)Ga was straightforward. The K(i) values of c(RGDyK) and NOTA-RGD were 1.3 and 1.9 nM, respectively. In the biodistribution study, the mean +/- SD uptake of (68)Ga-NOTA-RGD by ischemic muscles was 1.6+/-0.2 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g); this uptake was significantly blocked by cold c(RGDyK) to 0.6+/-0.3 %ID/g (P<0.01). Tumor uptake was 5.1+/-1.0 %ID/g, and the tumor-to-blood ratio was 10.3+/-4.8. Small-animal PET revealed rapid excretion through the urine and high levels of tumor and kidney uptake. CONCLUSION Stable (68)Ga-NOTA-RGD was obtained in a straightforward manner at a high yield and showed a high affinity for alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, specific uptake by angiogenic muscles, a high level of uptake by tumors, and rapid renal excretion. (68)Ga-NOTA-RGD was found to be a promising radioligand for the imaging of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongro-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia and Angiogenesis. Cancer Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012374212-4.50091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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26
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Haubner R. Noninvasive Determination of Angiogenesis. Cancer Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012374212-4.50092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Haubner R. Alphavbeta3-integrin imaging: a new approach to characterise angiogenesis? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 33 Suppl 1:54-63. [PMID: 16791598 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OVERVIEW The field of angiogenesis research is one of the most rapidly growing biomedical disciplines. Great efforts are being made to develop anti-angiogenesis drugs for treatment of cancer as well as non-oncological diseases. Thus, imaging techniques allowing non-invasive monitoring of corresponding molecular processes will be of great interest. One target structure involved in the angiogenic process is the integrin alphavbeta3, which mediates the migration of activated endothelial cells during vessel formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A variety of radiolabelled RGD peptides have been introduced for monitoring of alphavbeta3 expression using nuclear medicine tracer techniques. OBJECTIVES This review discusses tracer development and highlights some strategies for tracer optimisation. It summarises the preclinical and clinical data and discusses the potential of this class of tracer to characterise angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Haubner
- Universitätsklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wester HJ, Schottelius M. Fluorine-18 labeling of peptides and proteins. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2007:79-111. [PMID: 17172153 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49527-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The pool of promising peptides worthy of investigation and evaluation for clinical use is continuously filled from different sources. Driven by the promising results obtained with peptides addressing somatostatin-2 receptor positive (sst2+) neuroendocrine tumours, other peptides targeting further receptor systems are being studied and evaluated. Progress in profiling the density and incidence of peptide hormone receptors in human cancer has initiated and will further promote research on the corresponding peptidic binders. In addition, industrial pharmaceutical research will be another significant source of peptides in the future. A recent prognosis revealed that about 50% of the drugs entering clinical trials in the next years will be peptides. The extensive research activities in genomics and proteomics will point out and quantify new and already known target structures upregulated in specific diseases. Based on the knowledge of their endogenous ligands or via selection of suitable candidates by phage display, suitable peptide ligands for e.g. membrane associated receptors can be identified and thus allow targeting of such binding sites. Thus, bioactive peptides specifically addressing relevant molecular targets are expected to become an important class of tracers, also due to the possibility of bridging imaging with therapeutic approaches. In this brief overview a summary of methods and strategies for the 18F-labeling of peptides and proteins is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Wester
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik und Institut für Radiochemie, Technische Universität Müchen, Germany.
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Roeda D, Kuhnast B, Hammadi A, Dollé F. The Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot – contributions to PET chemistry over the years. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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30
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Kelloff GJ, Krohn KA, Larson SM, Weissleder R, Mankoff DA, Hoffman JM, Link JM, Guyton KZ, Eckelman WC, Scher HI, O'Shaughnessy J, Cheson BD, Sigman CC, Tatum JL, Mills GQ, Sullivan DC, Woodcock J. The progress and promise of molecular imaging probes in oncologic drug development. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:7967-85. [PMID: 16299226 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As addressed by the recent Food and Drug Administration Critical Path Initiative, tools are urgently needed to increase the speed, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of drug development for cancer and other diseases. Molecular imaging probes developed based on recent scientific advances have great potential as oncologic drug development tools. Basic science studies using molecular imaging probes can help to identify and characterize disease-specific targets for oncologic drug therapy. Imaging end points, based on these disease-specific biomarkers, hold great promise to better define, stratify, and enrich study groups and to provide direct biological measures of response. Imaging-based biomarkers also have promise for speeding drug evaluation by supplementing or replacing preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations, including target interaction and modulation. Such analyses may be particularly valuable in early comparative studies among candidates designed to interact with the same molecular target. Finally, as response biomarkers, imaging end points that characterize tumor vitality, growth, or apoptosis can also serve as early surrogates of therapy success. This article outlines the scientific basis of oncology imaging probes and presents examples of probes that could facilitate progress. The current regulatory opportunities for new and existing probe development and testing are also reviewed, with a focus on recent Food and Drug Administration guidance to facilitate early clinical development of promising probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Kelloff
- Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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31
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Psimadas D, Fani M, Zikos C, Xanthopoulos S, Archimandritis SC, Varvarigou AD. Study of the labeling of two novel RGD-peptidic derivatives with the precursor [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ and evaluation for early angiogenesis detection in cancer. Appl Radiat Isot 2006; 64:151-9. [PMID: 16099668 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Revised: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the initial stages of tumor formation, overexpression of integrins identifying the RGD sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) is observed. The aim of the present study was the synthesis and labeling of two novel RGD derivatives, via the precursor [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+, as well as the radiochemical and radiopharmacological evaluation of the labeled products. The labeling led to the formation of a single product in each case (>98%), with noteworthy in vitro stability, fast blood clearance and elimination by the hepatobiliary and the urinary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Psimadas
- Biomedica Life Sciences S.A., Athens, Greece
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32
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Cai W, Sam Gambhir S, Chen X. Multimodality tumor imaging targeting integrin αvβ3. Biotechniques 2005; 39:S14-25. [DOI: 10.2144/000112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule integrin αvβ3 is an important player in the process of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Antibodies, peptides, peptidomimetics, and small molecule antagonists against integrin αvβ3 have been shown to induce endothelial apoptosis, to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and to increase endothelial permeability. The ability to quantitatively image integrin αvβ3 expression in vivo in a noninvasive manner may shed new light into the mechanism of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic treatment efficacy based on integrin antagonism. Tumor integrin expression imaging will also aid in lesion detection, patient stratification, new anti-integrin drug development/validation, as well as treatment monitoring and optimization. This review summarizes the recent advances in multimodality imaging of tumor integrin αvβ3 expression using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Cai
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Burnett CA, Xie J, Quijano J, Shen Z, Hunter F, Bur M, Li KCP, Danthi SN. Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo characterization of an integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted molecular probe for optical imaging of tumor. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3763-71. [PMID: 15863003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha(v)beta(3) is a widely-recognized target for the development of targeted molecular probes for imaging pathological conditions. alpha(v)beta(3) is a cell-surface receptor protein that is upregulated in various pathological conditions including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, macular degeneration, and cancer. The synthesis of an alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted optical probe 7 from compound 1, and its in vitro and in vivo characterization is described. A series of aliphatic carbamate derivatives of the potent non-peptide integrin antagonist 1 was synthesized and the binding affinity to alpha(v)beta(3) was determined in both enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell adhesion inhibition assays. The hydrophobic carbamate-linked appendages improved the binding affinity of the parent compound for alpha(v)beta(3) by 2-20 times. A Boc-protected neopentyl derivative in the series is shown to have the best binding affinity to alpha(v)beta(3) (IC(50)=0.72 nM) when compared to compound 1 as well as to c-RGDfV. Optical probe 7 utilizes the neopentyl linker and demonstrates increased binding affinity and significant tumor cell uptake in vitro as well as specific tumor accumulation and retention in vivo. These results illustrate the potential of employing integrin-targeted molecular probes based on 1 to image a multitude of diseases associated with alpha(v)beta(3) overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Burnett
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wuest F. Aspects of positron emission tomography radiochemistry as relevant for food chemistry. Amino Acids 2005; 29:323-39. [PMID: 15997412 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron emitting radioisotopes to obtain functional information of physiological, biochemical and pharmacological processes in vivo. The need to understand the potential link between the ingestion of individual dietary agents and the effect of health promotion or health risk requires the exact metabolic characterization of food ingredients in vivo. This exciting but rather new research field of PET would provide new insights and perspectives on food chemistry by assessing quantitative information on pharmocokinetics and pharmacodynamics of food ingredients and dietary agents. To fully exploit PET technology in food chemistry appropriately radiolabelled compounds as relevant for food sciences are needed. The most widely used short-lived positron emitters are (11)C (t(1/2) = 20.4 min) and (18)F (t(1/2) = 109.8 min). Longer-lived radioisotopes are available by using (76)Br (t(1/2) = 16.2 h) and (124)I (t(1/2) = 4.12 d). The present review article tries to discuss some aspects for the radiolabelling of food ingredients and dietary agents either by means of isotopic labelling with (11)C or via prosthetic group labelling approaches using the positron emitting halogens (18)F, (76)Br and (124)I.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wuest
- Positron Emission Tomography Center, Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Center Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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Abstract
There is a clear need in cancer treatment for a noninvasive imaging assay that evaluates the oxygenation status and heterogeneity of hypoxia and angiogenesis in individual patients. Such an assay could be used to select alternative treatments and to monitor the effects of treatment. Of the several methods available, each imaging procedure has at least one disadvantage. The limited quantitative potential of single-photon emission CT and MR imaging always limits tracer imaging based on these detection systems. PET imaging with FMISO and Cu-ATSM is ready for coordinated multicenter trials, however, that should move aggressively forward to resolve the debate over the importance of hypoxia in limiting response to cancer therapy. Advances in radiation treatment planning, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy, provide the ability to customize radiation delivery based on physical conformity. With incorporation of regional biologic information, such as hypoxia and proliferating vascular density in treatment planning, imaging can create a biologic profile of the tumor to direct radiation therapy. Presence of widespread hypoxia in the tumor benefits from a systemic hypoxic cell cytotoxin. Angiogenesis is also an important therapeutic target. Imaging hypoxia and angiogenesis complements the efforts in development of antiangiogenesis and hypoxia-targeted drugs. The complementary use of hypoxia and angiogenesis imaging methods should provide the impetus for development and clinical evaluation of novel drugs targeted at angiogenesis and hypoxia. Hypoxia imaging brings in information different from that of FDG-PET but it will play an important niche role in oncologic imaging in the near future. FMISO, radioiodinated azamycin arabinosides, and Cu-ATSM are all being evaluated in patients. The Cu-ATSM images show the best contrast early after injection but these images are confounded by blood flow and their mechanism of localization is one step removed from the intracellular O2 concentration. FMISO has been criticized as inadequate because of its clearance characteristics, but its uptake after 2 hours is probably the most purely reflective of regional PO2 at the time the radiopharmaceutical is used. The FMISO images show less contrast than those of Cu-ATSM because of the lipophilicity and slower clearance of FMISO but attempts to increase the rate of clearance led to tracers whose distribution is contaminated by blood flow effects. For single-photon emission CT the only option is radioiodinated azamycin arabinosides, because the technetium agents are not yet ready for clinical evaluation. Rather than develop new and improved hypoxia agents, or even quibbling about the pros and cons of alternative agents, the nuclear medicine community needs to convince the oncology community that imaging hypoxia is an important procedure that can lead to improved treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Rajendran
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Box 356113, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Danthi SN, Pandit SD, Li KCP. A primer on molecular biology for imagers: VII. Molecular imaging probes. Acad Radiol 2004; 11:1047-54. [PMID: 15350586 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Narasimhan Danthi
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, 1N306, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chen X, Tohme M, Park R, Hou Y, Bading JR, Conti PS. Micro-PET Imaging of α
v
β
3
-Integrin Expression with
18
F-Labeled Dimeric RGD Peptide. Mol Imaging 2004; 3:96-104. [PMID: 15296674 DOI: 10.1162/15353500200404109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The alphav integrins, which act as cell adhesion molecules, are closely involved with tumor invasion and angiogenesis. In particular, alphavbeta3 integrin, which is specifically expressed on proliferating endothelial cells and tumor cells, is a logical target for development of a radiotracer method to assess angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy. In this study, a dimeric cyclic RGD peptide E[c(RGDyK)]2 was labeled with 18F (t(1/2) = 109.7 min) by using a prosthetic 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl moiety to the amino group of the glutamate. The resulting [18F]FB-E[c(RGDyK)]2, with high specific activity (200-250 GBq/micromol at the end of synthesis), was administered to subcutaneous U87MG glioblastoma xenograft models for micro-PET and autoradiographic imaging as well as direct tissue sampling to assess tumor targeting efficacy and in vivo kinetics of this PET tracer. The dimeric RGD peptide demonstrated significantly higher tumor uptake and prolonged tumor retention in comparison with a monomeric RGD peptide analog [18F]FB-c(RGDyK). The dimeric RGD peptide had predominant renal excretion, whereas the monomeric analog was excreted primarily through the biliary route. Micro-PET imaging 1 hr after injection of the dimeric RGD peptide exhibited tumor to contralateral background ratio of 9.5 +/- 0.8. The synergistic effect of polyvalency and improved pharmacokinetics may be responsible for the superior imaging characteristics of [18F]FB-E[c(RGDyK)]2.
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Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Tohme M, Khankaldyyan V, Bozorgzadeh MH, Bading JR, Moats R, Laug WE, Conti PS. 18F-labeled RGD peptide: initial evaluation for imaging brain tumor angiogenesis. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:179-89. [PMID: 15013483 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are highly angiogenesis dependent. The cell adhesion receptor integrin alpha(v)beta(3) is overexpressed in glioma and activated endothelial cells and plays an important role in brain tumor growth, spread and angiogenesis. Suitably labeled alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin antagonists may therefore be useful for imaging brain tumor associated angiogenesis. Cyclic RGD peptide c(RGDyK) was labeled with (18)F via N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate through the side-chain epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue. The radiotracer was evaluated in vivo for its tumor targeting efficacy and pharmacokinetics in subcutaneously implanted U87MG and orthotopically implanted U251T glioblastoma nude mouse models by means of microPET, quantitative autoradiography and direct tissue sampling. The N-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoyl-RGD ([(18)F]FB-RGD) was produced in less than 2 h with 20-25% decay-corrected yields and specific activity of 230 GBq/micromol at end of synthesis. The tracer showed very rapid blood clearance and both hepatobiliary and renal excretion. Tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio at 30 min was approximately 5 in the subcutaneous U87MG tumor model. MicroPET imaging with the orthotopic U251T brain tumor model revealed very high tumor-to-brain ratio, with virtually no uptake in the normal brain. Successful blocking of tumor uptake of [(18)F]FB-RGD in the presence of excess amount of c(RGDyK) revealed receptor specific activity accumulation. Hence, N-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoyl labeled cyclic RGD peptide [(18)F]FB-RGD is a potential tracer for imaging alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin positive tumors in brain and other anatomic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Chen
- PET Imaging Science Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Chen X, Park R, Shahinian AH, Bading JR, Conti PS. Pharmacokinetics and tumor retention of 125I-labeled RGD peptide are improved by PEGylation. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:11-9. [PMID: 14741566 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2003.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis dependent. Overexpression of integrin alphavbeta3 in angiogenic vessels as well as various malignant human tumors suggests the potential of suitably labeled antagonists of this adhesion receptor for radionuclide imaging and therapy of tumors. Small head-to-tail cyclic peptides including the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) amino acid sequence have been radiolabeled and studied in preclinical animal models. However, the fast blood clearance, high kidney and liver uptake, and rapid washout from tumors make this type of tracer ineffective for clinical applications. In this study we modified the cyclic pentapeptide c(RGDyK) with monofunctional methoxy-PEG (mPEG, M.W. = 2,000) and labeled the RGD-mPEG conjugate with 125I. We studied the tumor targeting efficacy and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of 125I-RGD-mPEG by means of direct tissue sampling and autoradiography in mice xenografted subcutaneously with U87MG glioblastoma. Compared to the 125I-RGD analog, this PEGylated RGD peptide revealed faster blood clearance, lower kidney uptake, and prolonged tumor uptake without compromising the receptor targeting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Okarvi SM. Peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals: Future tools for diagnostic imaging of cancers and other diseases. Med Res Rev 2004; 24:357-97. [PMID: 14994368 DOI: 10.1002/med.20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small synthetic receptor-binding peptides are the agents of choice for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy of cancers due to their favorable pharmacokinetics. Molecular modification techniques permit the synthesis of a variety of bioactive peptides with chelating groups, without compromising biological properties. Various techniques have been developed that allow efficient and site-specific labeling of peptides with clinically useful radionuclides such as (99m)Tc, (123)I, (111)In, and (18)F. Among them, (99m)Tc is the radionuclide of choice because of its excellent chemical and imaging characteristics. Recently, many (99m)Tc-labeled peptides have proven to be useful imaging agents. Beside (99m)Tc-labeled peptides, several peptides radiolabeled with (111)In and (123)I have been prepared and characterized. In addition, (18)F-labeled peptides hold clinical potential due to their ability to quantitatively detect and characterize a variety of human diseases using positron-emission tomography. The availability of this wide range of peptides labeled with different radionuclides offers multiple diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Various receptors are over-expressed in particular tumor types and peptides binding to these receptors can be used to visualize tumor lesions scintigraphically. Thus, radiolabeled peptides have potential use as carriers for the delivery of radionuclides to tumors, infarcts, and infected tissues for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy. Many radiolabeled peptides are currently under investigation to determine their potential as imaging agents. These peptides are designed mainly for thrombus, tumor, and infection/inflammation imaging. This article presents recent developments in small synthetic peptides for imaging of thrombosis, tumors, and infection/inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhani M Okarvi
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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