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Riewklang K, Polprasert C, Nakason K, Polprasert S, Kwonpongsagoon S, Mahasandana S, Panyapinyopol B. Enhancing chemical phosphorus precipitation from tapioca starch anaerobic digestion effluent in a modified pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116277. [PMID: 37263468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of P precipitation as struvite from real anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent of tapioca starch processing. The results showed that at a pH of 9, and without Mg:P molar adjustment, P recovery was at 85%. The percentage of P recovery was increased to 90% and P contained in precipitates was at 11.80-14.70 wt% P, which is higher than commercial single superphosphate fertilizer (SSP, 18-22 wt% P2O5). This was achieved by controlling mixing at 200-400 rpm and upflow velocity at 50-200 cm min-1 inside a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Based on SEM-EDX, powder XRD, phase identification by profile matching, and FT-IR analysis, the results demonstrated that recovered precipitates formed struvite predominantly. In addition, results of the woodchip ash additions and the one-way ANOVA based-RSM analysis revealed that mixing, the solution pH, and the woodchip ash intensely affected P recovery with the optimum condition found at 400 rpm, pH9, 4 g L-1, respectively. Ash addition enhanced P recovery efficiency but decreased the product's purity. Total costs of P recovery varied considerably from 0.28 to 7.82 USD∙(kg P)-1 depending on chemical consumption and %P content in recovered products. Moreover, the total cost was reduced by 57% from 7.82 USD∙(kg P)-1 (profit margin: -4.30 to -2.82) by a single mixing operation to 3.35 USD∙(kg P)-1 (profit margin: +0.17 to +1.65) employing coupling effect of mixing and Vup. The results indicate that P recovery from tapioca starch AD effluent not only provides a good-quality alternative slow-release P fertilizer, but also helps to curtail environmental problems due to excessive P and nitrogen discharge. These findings also demonstrate the ways of recovering nutrients from an abundant renewable resource that are relevant to simultaneous waste utilization during pollution controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriangsak Riewklang
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Chongchin Polprasert
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kamonwat Nakason
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Supawadee Polprasert
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Suphaphat Kwonpongsagoon
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Suwisa Mahasandana
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Bunyarit Panyapinyopol
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Yesigat A, Worku A, Mekonnen A, Bae W, Feyisa GL, Gatew S, Han JL, Liu W, Wang A, Guadie A. Phosphorus recovery as K-struvite from a waste stream: A review of influencing factors, advantages, disadvantages and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114086. [PMID: 35970377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the depletion of natural resources and contamination of the surrounding environment demand a paradigm shift to resource recycling and reuse. In this regard, phosphorus (P) is a model nutrient that possesses the negative traits of depletion (will be exhausted in the next 100 years) and environmental degradation (causes eutrophication and climate change), and this has prompted the scientific community to search for options to solve P-related problems. To date, P recovery in the form of struvite from wastewater is one viable solution suggested by many scholars. Struvite can be recovered either in the form of NH4-struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) or K-struvite (MgKPO4•6H2O). From struvite, K (MgKPO4•6H2O) and N (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) are important nutrients for plant growth, but N is more abundant in the environment than K (the soil's most limited nutrient), which requires a systematic approach during P recovery. Although K-struvite recovery is a promising approach, information related to its crystallization is deficient. Here, we present the general concept of P recovery as struvite and details about K-struvite, such as the source of nutrients, factors (pH, molar ratio, supersaturation, temperature, and seeding), advantages (environmental, economic, and social), disadvantages (heavy metals, pathogenic organisms, and antibiotic resistance genes), and challenges (scale-up and acceptance). Overall, this study provides insights into state-of-the-art K-struvite recovery from wastewater as a potential slow-release fertilizer that can be used as a macronutrient (P-K-Mg) source for plants as commercial grade-fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamin Yesigat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Worku
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wookeun Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Legese Feyisa
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shetie Gatew
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Jing-Long Han
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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Tai Y, Wang L, Hu Z, Dang Y, Guo Y, Ji X, Hu W, Li M. Efficient phosphorus recovery as struvite by microbial electrolysis cell with stainless steel cathode: Struvite purity and experimental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156914. [PMID: 35753464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from waste streams is an essential choice due to the coming global P crisis. One promising solution is to recover P by microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Both the P recovery effectiveness and product quality are of critical importance for application. In this study, a two-chamber MEC was constructed and the effects of applied voltage, NaAc concentration, Mg/P molar ratio, N/P molar ratio, and initial P concentration on P recovery and product purity were explored. The maximum P recovery efficiency of 99.64 % and crystal accumulation rate over 106.49 g/m3-d were achieved. Struvite (MAP) was confirmed as the final recovered product and the purity obtained could reach up to 99.95 %. Besides, higher applied voltage, N/P molar ratio and initial P concentration could promote P recovery efficiency, while the purity of MAP showed correlation with applied voltage, Mg/P molar ratio, N/P molar ratio and initial P concentration. The correlation between NaAc concentration and both of the above was not very significant. A lower energy consumption of 4.1 kWh/kg P was observed at the maximum P recovery efficiency. In addition, the efficiency of P recovery from real wastewater also could reach nearly 88.25 %. These results highlight the promising potential of efficient phosphorus recovery from P-rich wastewater by MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Tai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Dang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yali Guo
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center (Shanghai), China Three Gorges Corporation, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Xiaonan Ji
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center (Shanghai), China Three Gorges Corporation, Shanghai 200335, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center (Shanghai), China Three Gorges Corporation, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Advances in Struvite Precipitation Technologies for Nutrients Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Waste and Wastewater. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abatement of nutrient compounds from aqueous waste and wastewater is currently a priority issue. Indeed, the uncontrolled discharge of high levels of nutrients into water bodies causes serious deteriorations of environmental quality. On the other hand, the increasing request of nutrient compounds for agronomic utilizations makes it strictly necessary to identify technologies able to recover the nutrients from wastewater streams so as to avoid the consumption of natural resources. In this regard, the removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from aqueous waste and wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) represents an attractive approach. Indeed, through the struvite precipitation it is possible to effectively remove the ammonium and phosphate content of many types of wastewater and to produce a solid compound, with only a trace of impurities. This precipitate, due to its chemical characteristics, represents a valuable multi-nutrients slow release fertilizer for vegetables and plants growth. For these reasons, the struvite precipitation technology constantly progresses on several aspects of the process. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the recent developments in this technology for the removal and recovery of nutrients from aqueous waste and wastewater. The theoretical background, the parameters, and the operating conditions affecting the process evolution are initially presented. After that, the paper focuses on the reagents exploitable to promote the process performance, with particular regard to unconventional low-cost compounds. In addition, the development of reactors configurations, the main technologies implemented on field scale, as well as the recent works on the use of struvite in agronomic practices are presented.
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Guadie A, Belay A, Liu W, Yesigat A, Hao X, Wang A. Rift Valley Lake as a potential magnesium source to recover phosphorus from urine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109363. [PMID: 32209497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from urine is a sustainable approach. However, the challenge of this process is the accessibility of economically feasible magnesium sources. This study aimed to investigate the potential of low-cost Rift Valley Lake magnesium (RVL-Mg) source for phosphorus recovery from urine, where data is deficient in the source area. The effect of various operational conditions such as storage, Mg:P ratio (0.8-2.0), pH (5.5-10.5), mixing speed (30-180 rpm), urease enzyme addition (50-700 μL), urine dilution (0.11-9.0) and Ca:Mg ratio (0.3-2.5) was investigated. Under optimum operating conditions (M:P = 1.6, pH = 9, urease enzyme = 500 μL, mixing speed = 120 rpm, 60 min precipitation), the phosphorus removal efficiencies were >96% for actual and >98% for synthetic urine. During storage, spontaneous phosphorus losses were observed from synthetic (24.0%) and actual (32.0%) hydrolyzed urine due to precipitation with calcium and magnesium. The phosphorus recovery efficiency was reduced at higher (0.11:1) and lower (9:1) urine to RVL-Mg dilution, which is related to lower supersaturation of phosphorus and magnesium ions, respectively. Addition of calcium did not affect phosphorus removal efficiency, but the effect was significant on crystal product. With low (<1.0) Ca:Mg ratio, the crystal chemical analysis showed that the product has to be pure struvite (>99%), which was further identified by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction to be quality struvite that might be used for agricultural purpose. Overall, low-cost magnesium ion collected from Rift Valley Lake can be a potentially candidate for sustainable phosphorus recovery from urine and any other phosphorus containing waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Abaynesh Belay
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Asamin Yesigat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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Yetilmezsoy K, Kocak E, Akbin HM, Özçimen D. Utilization of struvite recovered from high-strength ammonium-containing simulated wastewater as slow-release fertilizer and fire-retardant barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:153-170. [PMID: 29932016 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1491642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable uses of the struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MgNH4PO4·6H2O, MAP) recovered from the synthetic wastewater, as a high-quality slow-release fertilizer for the growth of nine medicinal plants and a fire-retardant barrier on the flammability of cotton fabric and wooden plate, were explored in this study. The previous experimental results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions, about 98.7% of [Formula: see text] (initial [Formula: see text] = 1000 mg/L) could be effectively and successfully recovered from simulated wastewater in the form of MAP precipitate. Rates of increase in total fresh weights, total dry weights, and fresh heights of plants grown in soil fertilized with the struvite were determined as 67%, 52%, and 12% for valerian; 121%, 75%, and 18% for cucumber; 421%, 260%, and 47% for dill; 314%, 318%, and 27% for coriander; 432%, 566%, and 30% for tomato; 285%, 683%, and 26% for parsley; 200%, 225%, and 9% for basil; 857%, 656%, and 92% for rocket; and 146%, 115%, and 28% for cress, respectively, compared to the control pots. The microstructure, elemental composition, surface area, thermal behaviour, and functional groups of the grown crystals were characterized using SEM, EDS, BET, TGA-DTG-DSC, and FTIR analyses, respectively. Flammability tests and thermal analyses concluded that the dried and crumbled/implanted form of struvite used as a fire-retardant barrier demonstrated a remarkable flame-resistant behaviour for both cotton fabric and wooden plate. Findings of this experimental study clearly corroborated the versatility of struvite as non-polluting and environmentally friendly clean product for the sustainable usage in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Yetilmezsoy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Kocak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Melda Akbin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Özçimen
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Moragaspitiya C, Rajapakse J, Millar GJ. Effect of Ca:Mg ratio and high ammoniacal nitrogen on characteristics of struvite precipitated from waste activated sludge digester effluent. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:65-77. [PMID: 31787191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed the relationship between the presence of calcium impurities and ammoniacal nitrogen concentration upon crystallization of struvite. The research hypothesis was that the presence of both calcium and high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen (328-1000 mg/L) in waste activated sludge may influence the struvite quality and acid stability. Hence, we studied the impact of Ca:Mg ratio upon morphology, particle size, purity and dissolution of struvite, in the presence of varying levels of excess ammoniacal nitrogen. X-ray diffraction revealed that up to 31.4% amorphous material was made which was assigned to hydroxyapatite. Increasing the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration and elevation of the Mg:Ca ratio maximized the presence of struvite. Struvite particle size was also increased by ammoniacal nitrogen as was twinning of the crystals. Tests with dilute solutions of organic acid revealed the sensitivity of struvite dissolution to the physical characteristics of the struvite. Smaller particles (21.2 μm) dissolved at higher rates than larger particles (35.86 μm). However, struvite dissolved rapidly as the pH was further reduced irrespective of the physical characteristics. Therefore, addition of struvite to low pH soils was not viewed as beneficial in terms of controlled nutrient release. Overall, this study revealed that waste activated sludge effluent with high ammoniacal nitrogen was prospective for synthesis of high quality struvite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurani Moragaspitiya
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jay Rajapakse
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Graeme J Millar
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Bao X, Wu Q, Shi W, Wang W, Yu H, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Cui F. Polyamidoamine dendrimer grafted forward osmosis membrane with superior ammonia selectivity and robust antifouling capacity for domestic wastewater concentration. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 153:1-10. [PMID: 30684821 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing a forward osmosis (FO) membrane with superior ammonia selectivity and robust antifouling performance is important for treating domestic wastewater (DW) but challenging due to the similar polarities and hydraulic radii of NH4+ and water molecules. Herein, we investigated the feasibility of using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer to simultaneously enhance the ammonia rejection rate and antifouling capacity of the thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. PAMAM dendrimer with abundant, easily-protonated, terminal amine groups was grafted on TFC-FO membrane surface via covalent bonds, which inspired the TFC-FO membrane surface with appreciable Zeta potential (isoelectric point: pH = 5.5) and outstanding hydrophilicity (water contact angle: 39.83 ± 0.57°). Benefiting from the electrostatic repulsion between the protonated amine layer and NH4+-N as well as the concentration-induced diffusion resistance, the introduction of PAMAM dendrimer endowed the grafted membrane with a superior NH4+-N rejection rate of 98.23% and a significantly reduced the reverse solute flux when using NH4Cl solutions as feed solution. Meanwhile, the perfect balance between the electrostatic repulsion to positively-charged micromoleculer ions (metal ions and NH4+-N) and the electrostatic attraction to negatively-charged macromolecular organic foulants together with the hydrophilic nature of amine groups facilitated the enhancement of the grafted membranes in antifouling capacity and hence the NH4+-N selectivity (rejection rate of 91.81%) during the concentration of raw DW. The overall approach of this work opens up a frontier for preparation of ammonia-selective and antifouling TFC-FO membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Huarong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Zhigao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
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Li B, Boiarkina I, Yu W, Huang HM, Munir T, Wang GQ, Young BR. Phosphorous recovery through struvite crystallization: Challenges for future design. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1244-1256. [PMID: 30340270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorous (P) is an essential element for living organisms and is predicted to be depleted within the next 100 years. Across the world, significant phosphorous losses due to its low utilization efficiency become one of the main reasons for water pollution. Struvite crystallization has been found to be a promising recovery technique to mitigate these problems, as the recovered precipitate can be used as a slow release fertilizer or raw material for chemical industry. Although this technique has been widely investigated over the past two decades, there are currently few real applications in industry. This paper addresses this issue by reviewing key aspects relevant to process design to pave the way for future application. It will help to narrow down struvite process design options and thus reduce the voluminous calculations for a detailed analysis. Struvite process development, research trend, product application and process economics are reviewed and a conceptual process design is provided. This analysis provides comprehensive information that is essential for future industrial struvite crystallization process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Irina Boiarkina
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Hai Ming Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, China
| | - Tajammal Munir
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guang Qian Wang
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Brent R Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Tulaydan Y, Malovanyy M, Kochubei V, Sakalova H. Treatment of high-strength wastewater from ammonium and phosphate ions with the obtaining of struvite. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht11.04.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fang C, Zhang T, Jiang R, Ohtake H. Phosphate enhance recovery from wastewater by mechanism analysis and optimization of struvite settleability in fluidized bed reactor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32215. [PMID: 27573918 PMCID: PMC5004189 DOI: 10.1038/srep32215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since phosphorus, a non-renewable and non-substitutable resource, has become the principal contributor and limiting factor to water eutrophication, achieving phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater is pretty essential. Even though struvite crystallization process has been widely used for phosphate (P) recovery in wastewater treatment, its application is hampered by difficulties controlling small particle size and crystal growth. This study was conducted to control the settleability of struvite by calculating and predicting the struvite-settling percentage (Ps), which is always affected by the initial concentration of P (CP), solution pH (pH), reaction time (t), reaction temperature (T), agitation rate (Ar), and inlet flow velocity (vf) of the fluidized bed reactor. The results showed that the settleability of struvite could be enhanced by increasing T and decreasing pH, Ar, or vf, and would perform worse with overlong t or excessive CP. The dynamic variation process of the solution supersaturated index (SI) combined with the phase equilibrium theory and Ostwald ripening mechanism explained the above results sufficiently. The logistic model was chosen to predict the Ps under multi-factors, but the accuracy needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hisao Ohtake
- Research Institute for Phosphorus Atlas, Waseda University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Ping Q, Li Y, Wu X, Yang L, Wang L. Characterization of morphology and component of struvite pellets crystallized from sludge dewatering liquor: Effects of total suspended solid and phosphate concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 310:261-269. [PMID: 26947188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale struvite pellet crystallization system was used to study phosphorus (P) removal and recovery from sludge dewatering liquor (SDL). Influences of total suspended solids (TSS) and phosphate concentrations on P removal as well as the size, morphology, purity, and components of struvite pellets were investigated. The increase in TSS concentration resulted in not only the decreases in phosphate removal efficiency and struvite purity but also the irregular pellet morphology and broken struvite crystals. Increasing inlet PO4-P concentration enhanced PO4-P removal, average struvite pellet diameter, purity and crystal volume growth rate. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), calcite, brucite and magnesium phosphate were formed as co-precipitates with struvite. However, species and quantity of co-precipitates could be variable. More calcium precipitates were easily formed at lower PO4-P concentration (48mg/L), while brucite was the main co-precipitate at higher PO4-P concentration (151mg/L). Organic compounds were involved in struvite pellets along with suspended solids during the formation of struvite. Higher TSS concentration resulted in both more species and higher contents of organic compounds in struvite pellets. Therefore, it is essential to remove suspended solids in advance so as to obtain high P-removal and harvest high-quality struvite pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xinghai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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13
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Xie M, Shon HK, Gray SR, Elimelech M. Membrane-based processes for wastewater nutrient recovery: Technology, challenges, and future direction. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 89:210-21. [PMID: 26674549 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater nutrient recovery holds promise for more sustainable water and agricultural industries. We critically review three emerging membrane processes - forward osmosis (FO), membrane distillation (MD) and electrodialysis (ED) - that can advance wastewater nutrient recovery. Challenges associated with wastewater nutrient recovery were identified. The advantages and challenges of applying FO, MD, and ED technologies to wastewater nutrient recovery are discussed, and directions for future research and development are identified. Emphasis is given to exploration of the unique mass transfer properties of these membrane processes in the context of wastewater nutrient recovery. We highlight that hybridising these membrane processes with existing nutrient precipitation process will lead to better management of and more diverse pathways for near complete nutrient recovery in wastewater treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xie
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 129, Broadway, 2007 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen R Gray
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, United States
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14
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Zhang J, Yang T, Wang H, Yang K, Fang C, Lv B, Yang X. Study on treating old landfill leachate by Ultrasound–Fenton oxidation combined with MAP chemical precipitation. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1118360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Wang Y, Xiao Q, Zhong H, Zheng X, Wei Y. Effect of organic matter on phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge subjected to microwave hybrid pretreatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 39:29-36. [PMID: 26899641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) hybrid processes are able to disrupt the flocculent structure of complex waste activated sludge, and help promote the recovery of phosphorus as struvite. In this study, to optimize struvite yield, (1) the characteristics of matter released in MW-hybrid treatments were compared, including MW, MW-acid, MW-alkali, MW-H2O2, and MW-H2O2-alkali. The results showed that selective release of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) achieved by sludge pretreatment using MW-hybrid processes. MW-H2O2 is the recommended sludge pretreatment process for phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite. The ratio of Mg(2+):NH4(+)-N:PO4(3-)-P was 1.2:2.9:1 in the supernatant. (2) To clarify the effects of organic matter on struvite recovery, the composition and molecular weight distribution of organic matters were analyzed. Low molecular weight COD was found to facilitate the removal rate of NH4(+)-N and PO4(3)-P via crystallization, and the amorphous struvite crystals (<1kDa) from the filtered solutions had high purity. Therefore, the present study reveals the necessity of taking into consideration the interference effect of high molecular weight organic matters during struvite crystallization from sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingcong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; CSD IDEA (Beijing) Environmental Test& Analysis Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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16
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Darwish M, Aris A, Puteh MH, Abideen MZ, Othman MN. Ammonium-Nitrogen Recovery from Wastewater by Struvite Crystallization Technology. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2015.1119699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Guadie A, Xia S, Zhang Z, Zeleke J, Guo W, Ngo HH, Hermanowicz SW. Effect of intermittent aeration cycle on nutrient removal and microbial community in a fluidized bed reactor-membrane bioreactor combo system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:195-205. [PMID: 24508900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Effect of intermittent aeration cycle (IAC=15/45-60/60min) on nutrient removal and microbial community structure was investigated using a novel fluidized bed reactor-membrane bioreactor (FBR-MBR) combo system. FBR alone was found more efficient for removing PO4-P (>85%) than NH4-N (<40%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD<35%). However, in the combo system, COD and NH4-N removals were almost complete (>98%). Efficient nitrification, stable mixed liquor suspended solid and reduced transmembrane pressure was also achieved. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results of total bacteria 16S rRNA gene copies per mL of mixed-liquor varied from (2.48±0.42)×10(9) initial to (2.74±0.10)×10(8), (6.27±0.16)×10(9) and (9.17±1.78)×10(9) for 15/45, 45/15 and 60/60min of IACs, respectively. The results of clone library analysis revealed that Proteobacteria (59%), Firmicutes (12%) and Bacteroidetes (11%) were the dominant bacterial group in all samples. Overall, the combo system performs optimum nutrient removal and host stable microbial communities at 45/15min of IAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Guadie
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jemaneh Zeleke
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Slawomir W Hermanowicz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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18
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Guadie A, Xia S, Zhang Z, Guo W, Ngo HH, Hermanowicz SW. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage using a novel combo system of fluidized bed reactor-membrane bioreactor (FBR-MBR). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:276-285. [PMID: 24121369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A FBR-MBR combo system was designed as a novel approach for simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal from sewage. The combo system was evaluated more than 7 months under variable pH (7.5-9.5), hydraulic retention times (HRT=2-10h), intermittent aeration cycles (IAC) (on/off=60/60-15/45 min) and sludge retention times (SRT=10-60 d). Prior recovery of phosphorus as struvite in the FBR enhanced nitrogen and COD removal efficiency in MBR. Under optimum operating conditions (pH=9, HRT=6h and IAC=45/15 min), PO4(3-)-P, NH4(+)-N and COD removal efficiencies were 92.6 ± 4.2, 98.7 ± 1.2 and 99.3 ± 0.5%, respectively. Stable mixed liquor suspended solid concentration (3.0-5.0 g/L); enhanced nitrification-denitrification activity (78-92%) and reduced transmembrane pressure were also achieved. Compared to soluble microbial products, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) showed strong correlation with fast membrane fouling. Among EPS components, carbohydrate rather than protein was associated with membrane fouling. Except HRT, all parameters considered (pH, IAC, SRT) showed a significant effect on removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Guadie
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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