1
|
Lambies G, Lee SW, Duong-Polk K, Aza-Blanc P, Maganti S, Dawson DW, Commisso C. Cell polarity proteins promote macropinocytosis in response to metabolic stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575943. [PMID: 38293142 PMCID: PMC10827152 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has emerged as a nutrient-scavenging pathway that cancer cells exploit to survive the nutrient-deprived conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells are especially reliant on glutamine for their survival, and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, glutamine deficiency can enhance the stimulation of macropinocytosis, allowing the cells to escape metabolic stress through the production of extracellular-protein-derived amino acids. Here, we identify the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) enzymes, PKCζ and PKCι as novel regulators of macropinocytosis. In normal epithelial cells, aPKCs are known to regulate cell polarity in association with the scaffold proteins Par3 and Par6, controlling the function of several targets, including the Par1 kinases. In PDAC cells, we identify that each of these cell polarity proteins are required for glutamine stress-induced macropinocytosis. Mechanistically, we find that the aPKCs are regulated by EGFR signaling or by the transcription factor CREM to promote the relocation of Par3 to microtubules, facilitating macropinocytosis in a dynein-dependent manner. Importantly, we determine that cell fitness impairment caused by aPKC depletion is rescued by the restoration of macropinocytosis and that aPKCs support PDAC growth in vivo. These results identify a previously unappreciated role for cell polarity proteins in the regulation of macropinocytosis and provide a better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings that control macropinocytic uptake in the context of metabolic stress.
Collapse
|
2
|
Muta Y, Linares JF, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Duran A, Cid-Diaz T, Kinoshita H, Zhang X, Han Q, Nakanishi Y, Nakanishi N, Cordes T, Arora GK, Ruiz-Martinez M, Reina-Campos M, Kasashima H, Yashiro M, Maeda K, Albaladejo-Gonzalez A, Torres-Moreno D, García-Solano J, Conesa-Zamora P, Inghirami G, Metallo CM, Osborne TF, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Enhanced SREBP2-driven cholesterol biosynthesis by PKCλ/ι deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells promotes aggressive serrated tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8075. [PMID: 38092754 PMCID: PMC10719313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and signaling pathways regulating aggressive mesenchymal colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression through the serrated route are largely unknown. Although relatively well characterized as BRAF mutant cancers, their poor response to current targeted therapy, difficult preneoplastic detection, and challenging endoscopic resection make the identification of their metabolic requirements a priority. Here, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of SCAP by the atypical PKC (aPKC), PKCλ/ι promotes its degradation and inhibits the processing and activation of SREBP2, the master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis. We show that the upregulation of SREBP2 and cholesterol by reduced aPKC levels is essential for controlling metaplasia and generating the most aggressive cell subpopulation in serrated tumors in mice and humans. Since these alterations are also detected prior to neoplastic transformation, together with the sensitivity of these tumors to cholesterol metabolism inhibitors, our data indicate that targeting cholesterol biosynthesis is a potential mechanism for serrated chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Muta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tania Cid-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Qixiu Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
| | - Gurpreet K Arora
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marc Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ana Albaladejo-Gonzalez
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Daniel Torres-Moreno
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José García-Solano
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Santa Lucía General University Hospital (HGUSL), Calle Mezquita sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St, Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patel K, Nguyen J, Shaha S, Brightwell A, Duan W, Zubkowski A, Domingo IK, Riddell M. Loss of polarity regulators initiates gasdermin-E-mediated pyroptosis in syncytiotrophoblasts. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301946. [PMID: 37468163 PMCID: PMC10355286 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The syncytiotrophoblast is a human epithelial cell that is bathed in maternal blood on the maternal-facing surface of the human placenta. It therefore acts as a barrier and exchange interface between the mother and fetus. Syncytiotrophoblast dysfunction is a feature of pregnancy pathologies, like preeclampsia. Dysfunctional syncytiotrophoblasts display a loss of microvilli, which is a marker of aberrant apical-basal polarization, but little data exist about the regulation of syncytiotrophoblast polarity. Atypical PKC isoforms are conserved polarity regulators. Thus, we hypothesized that aPKC isoforms regulate syncytiotrophoblast polarity. Using human placental explant culture and primary trophoblasts, we found that loss of aPKC activity or expression induces syncytiotrophoblast gasdermin-E-dependent pyroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis. We also establish that TNF-α induces an isoform-specific decrease in aPKC expression and gasdermin-E-dependent pyroptosis. Therefore, aPKCs are homeostatic regulators of the syncytiotrophoblast function and a pathogenically relevant pro-inflammatory cytokine leads to the induction of programmed necrosis at the maternal-fetal interface. Hence, our results have important implications for the pathobiology of placental disorders like preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushali Patel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jasmine Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sumaiyah Shaha
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Amy Brightwell
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wendy Duan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ashley Zubkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ivan K Domingo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Meghan Riddell
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Liang M, Tang Y, Ma D, Li M, Yuan C, Hou Y, Sun C, Liu J, Wei Q, Chang Y, Wang C, Zhang J. KLF7 promotes adipocyte inflammation and glucose metabolism disorder by activating the PKCζ/NF-κB pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23033. [PMID: 37342904 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300005r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the obesity context, inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipocytes lead to insulin resistance and are key to metabolic syndrome development. In our previous study, we found that the transcription factor KLF7 promoted the expression of p-p65 and IL-6 in adipocytes. However, the specific molecular mechanism remained unclear. In the present study, we found that the expression of KLF7, PKCζ, p-IκB, p-p65, and IL-6 in epididymal white adipose tissue (Epi WAT) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) was significantly increased. In contrast, the expression of PKCζ, p-IκB, p-p65, and IL-6 was significantly decreased in Epi WAT of KLF7 fat conditional knockout mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, KLF7 promoted the expression of IL-6 via the PKCζ/NF-κB pathway. In addition, we performed luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, which confirmed that KLF7 upregulated the expression of PKCζ transcripts in HEK-293T cells. Collectively, our results show that KLF7 promotes the expression of IL-6 by upregulating PKCζ expression and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Maodi Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yihan Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Dingling Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chenggang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanting Hou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rübsam M, Püllen R, Tellkamp F, Bianco A, Peskoller M, Bloch W, Green KJ, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Wickström SA, Niessen CM. Polarity signaling balances epithelial contractility and mechanical resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7743. [PMID: 37173371 PMCID: PMC10182030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia maintain a functional barrier during tissue turnover while facing varying mechanical stress. This maintenance requires both dynamic cell rearrangements driven by actomyosin-linked intercellular adherens junctions and ability to adapt to and resist extrinsic mechanical forces enabled by keratin filament-linked desmosomes. How these two systems crosstalk to coordinate cellular movement and mechanical resilience is not known. Here we show that in stratifying epithelia the polarity protein aPKCλ controls the reorganization from stress fibers to cortical actomyosin during differentiation and upward movement of cells. Without aPKC, stress fibers are retained resulting in increased contractile prestress. This aberrant stress is counterbalanced by reorganization and bundling of keratins, thereby increasing mechanical resilience. Inhibiting contractility in aPKCλ-/- cells restores normal cortical keratin networks but also normalizes resilience. Consistently, increasing contractile stress is sufficient to induce keratin bundling and enhance resilience, mimicking aPKC loss. In conclusion, our data indicate that keratins sense the contractile stress state of stratified epithelia and balance increased contractility by mounting a protective response to maintain tissue integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rübsam
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Robin Püllen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frederik Tellkamp
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Peskoller
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Targeting PKC in microglia to promote remyelination and repair in the CNS. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 62:103-108. [PMID: 34965482 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and CNS-infiltrating macrophages play significant roles in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Prolonged and dysregulated inflammatory responses by these innate immune cells can have deleterious effects on the surrounding CNS microenvironment, which can worsen neurodegeneration and demyelination. However, although chronic activation of pro-inflammatory microglia is maladaptive, other functional microglial subtypes play beneficial roles during CNS repair and regeneration. Therefore, there is a tremendous interest in understanding the underlying mechanism of the activation of these reparative/regenerative microglia. In this review, we focus on the potential role of PKC, a downstream signaling molecule of TREM2 and PLCγ2, and PKC modulators in promoting the activation of reparative/regenerative microglial subtypes as a novel therapy for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
PKCλ/ι inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4509-4526.e10. [PMID: 34560002 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) pathway is critical for cytotoxic T cell activation, which is central to tumor immunosurveillance and successful immunotherapy. We demonstrate here that PKCλ/ι inactivation results in the hyper-stimulation of the IFN cascade and the enhanced recruitment of CD8+ T cells that impaired the growth of intestinal tumors. PKCλ/ι directly phosphorylates and represses the activity of ULK2, promoting its degradation through an endosomal microautophagy-driven ubiquitin-dependent mechanism. Loss of PKCλ/ι results in increased levels of enzymatically active ULK2, which, by direct phosphorylation, activates TBK1 to foster the activation of the STING-mediated IFN response. PKCλ/ι inactivation also triggers autophagy, which prevents STING degradation by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Thus, PKCλ/ι is a hub regulating the IFN pathway and three autophagic mechanisms that serve to maintain its homeostatic control. Importantly, single-cell multiplex imaging and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that low PKCλ/ι levels correlate with enhanced IFN signaling and good prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Volmar MNM, Cheng J, Alenezi H, Richter S, Haug A, Hassan Z, Goldberg M, Li Y, Hou M, Herold-Mende C, Maire CL, Lamszus K, Flüh C, Held-Feindt J, Gargiulo G, Topping GJ, Schilling F, Saur D, Schneider G, Synowitz M, Schick JA, Kälin RE, Glass R. Cannabidiol converts NFκB into a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma with defined antioxidative properties. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1898-1910. [PMID: 33864076 PMCID: PMC8563328 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcription factor NF-κB drives neoplastic progression of many cancers including primary brain tumors (glioblastoma [GBM]). Precise therapeutic modulation of NF-κB activity can suppress central oncogenic signaling pathways in GBM, but clinically applicable compounds to achieve this goal have remained elusive. Methods In a pharmacogenomics study with a panel of transgenic glioma cells, we observed that NF-κB can be converted into a tumor suppressor by the non-psychotropic cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD). Subsequently, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of CBD, which is used as an anticonvulsive drug (Epidiolex) in pediatric neurology, in a larger set of human primary GBM stem-like cells (hGSC). For this study, we performed pharmacological assays, gene expression profiling, biochemical, and cell-biological experiments. We validated our findings using orthotopic in vivo models and bioinformatics analysis of human GBM datasets. Results We found that CBD promotes DNA binding of the NF-κB subunit RELA and simultaneously prevents RELA phosphorylation on serine-311, a key residue that permits genetic transactivation. Strikingly, sustained DNA binding by RELA-lacking phospho-serine 311 was found to mediate hGSC cytotoxicity. Widespread sensitivity to CBD was observed in a cohort of hGSC defined by low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while high ROS content in other tumors blocked CBD-induced hGSC death. Consequently, ROS levels served as a predictive biomarker for CBD-sensitive tumors. Conclusions This evidence demonstrates how a clinically approved drug can convert NF-κB into a tumor suppressor and suggests a promising repurposing option for GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie N M Volmar
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jiying Cheng
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Haitham Alenezi
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Richter
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Alisha Haug
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Zonera Hassan
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Goldberg
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Yuping Li
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhuo Hou
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Molecular Oncology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joel A Schick
- Genetics and Cellular Engineering Group, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roland E Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Z, Duan Y, Wang H, Tang H, Wang S, Wang X, Liu J, Fang X, Ouyang K. Atypical protein kinase C is essential for embryonic vascular development in mice. Genesis 2021; 59:e23412. [PMID: 33547760 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The atypical PKC (aPKC) subfamily constitutes PKCζ and PKCλ in mice, and both aPKC isoforms have been proposed to be involved in regulating various endothelial cell (EC) functions. However, the physiological function of aPKC in ECs during embryonic development has not been well understood. To address this question, we utilized Tie2-Cre to delete PKCλ alone (PKCλ-SKO) or both PKCλ and PKCζ (DKO) in ECs, and found that all DKO mice died at around the embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), whereas a small proportion of PKCλ-SKO mice survived till birth. PKCλ-SKO embryos also exhibited less phenotypic severity than DKO embryos at E10.5 and E11.5, suggesting a potential compensatory role of PKCζ for PKCλ in embryonic ECs. We then focused on DKO embryos and investigated the effects of aPKC deficiency on embryonic vascular development. At E9.5, deletion of both aPKC isoforms reduced the diameters of vitelline artery and vein, and decreased branching from both vitelline vessels in yolk sac. Ablation of both aPKC isoforms also disrupted embryonic angiogenesis in head and trunk at the same stage, increasing apoptosis of both ECs and non-ECs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that aPKC in ECs plays an essential role in regulating cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, and embryonic survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zee Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoyun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayuan Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wyatt TA, Nemecek M, Chandra D, DeVasure JM, Nelson AJ, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Organic dust-induced lung injury and repair: Bi-directional regulation by TNFα and IL-10. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 17:153-162. [PMID: 32634062 PMCID: PMC11238278 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1776428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to organic dust increases chronic airway inflammatory disorders. Effective treatment strategies are lacking. It has been reported that hog barn dust extracts (HDE) induce TNFα through protein kinase C (PKC) activation and that lung inflammation is enhanced in scavenger receptor A (SRA/CD204) knockout (KO) mice following HDE. Because interleukin (IL)-10 production can limit excessive inflammation, it was hypothesized here that HDE-induced IL-10 would require CD204 to effect inflammatory responses. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), SRA KO, and IL-10 KO mice were intranasally challenged daily for 8 days with HDE and subsequently rested for 3 days with/without recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) treatment. Primary peritoneal macrophages (PM) and murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) were treated in vitro with HDE, SRA ligand (fucoidan), rIL-10, and/or PKC isoform inhibitors. HDE induced in vivo lung IL-10 in WT, but not SRA KO mice, and similar trends were demonstrated in isolated PM from same treated mice. Lung lymphocyte aggregates and neutrophils were elevated in in vivo HDE-treated SRA and IL-10 KO mice after a 3-d recovery, and treatment during recovery with rIL-10 abrogated these responses. In vitro rIL-10 treatment reduced HDE-stimulated TNFα release in MH-S and WT PM. In SRA KO macrophages, there was reduced IL-10 and PKC zeta (ζ) activity and increased TNFα following in vitro HDE stimulation. Similarly, blocking SRA (24 hr fucoidan pre-treatment) resulted in enhanced HDE-stimulated macrophage TNFα and decreased IL-10 and PKCζ activation. PKCζ inhibitors blocked HDE-stimulated IL-10, but not TNFα. Collectively, HDE stimulates IL-10 by an SRA- and PKCζ-dependent mechanism to regulate TNFα. Enhancing resolution of dust-mediated lung inflammation through targeting IL-10 and/or SRA may represent new approaches to therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M Nemecek
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J M DeVasure
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A J Nelson
- Allergy and Immunology Divisions, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D J Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J A Poole
- Allergy and Immunology Divisions, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kasashima H, Duran A, Martinez-Ordoñez A, Nakanishi Y, Kinoshita H, Linares JF, Reina-Campos M, Kudo Y, L'Hermitte A, Yashiro M, Ohira M, Bao F, Tauriello DVF, Batlle E, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Stromal SOX2 Upregulation Promotes Tumorigenesis through the Generation of a SFRP1/2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Population. Dev Cell 2020; 56:95-110.e10. [PMID: 33207226 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor malignancy, but the precise transcriptional mechanisms regulating the acquisition of the CAF phenotype are not well understood. We show that the upregulation of SOX2 is central to this process, which is repressed by protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). PKCζ deficiency activates the reprogramming of colonic fibroblasts to generate a predominant SOX2-dependent CAF population expressing the WNT regulator Sfrp2 as its top biomarker. SOX2 directly binds the Sfrp1/2 promoters, and the inactivation of Sox2 or Sfrp1/2 in CAFs impaired the induction of migration and invasion of colon cancer cells, as well as their tumorigenicity in vivo. Importantly, recurrence-free and overall survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients negatively correlates with stromal PKCζ levels. Also, SOX2 expression in the stroma is associated with CRC T invasion and worse prognosis of recurrence-free survival. Therefore, the PKCζ-SOX2 axis emerges as a critical step in the control of CAF pro-tumorigenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kasashima
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anxo Martinez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan F Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antoine L'Hermitte
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniele V F Tauriello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 0828 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nitrate Esters Alleviated Coronary Atherosclerosis Through Inhibition of NF-κB-Regulated Macrophage Polarization Shift in Epicardial Adipose Tissue. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 75:475-482. [PMID: 32141988 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate esters have been used in clinical practice for more than one century for the treatment of angina. Their clinical effectiveness is due to vasodilator activity in arteries through a method of delivering nitric oxide or a nitric oxide-like compound. Recently, an increasing numbers of functions of this molecule in biology and pathophysiology have been discovered. Macrophage polarization shift in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been demonstrated to be correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nitrate esters could improve coronary atherosclerosis through inhibition of macrophage polarization shift in EAT. A case-control study enrolled 48 subjects in 2 groups: CAD patients with or without nitrate esters treatment. Infiltration of M1/M2 macrophages and the expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue were investigated by immunohistochemical stain among subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The expression levels of metabolic genes were investigated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that nitrate ester treatment significantly inhibited NF-кB activity and decreased macrophage infiltration and M1/M2 macrophage ratio in EAT in patients with CAD. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased, along with significantly elevated expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines in CAD patients with nitrate ester treatment, corresponding EAT dysfunction was ameliorated and the severity of patients with CAD (Gensini score) was significantly decreased. The protective effects on macrophage polarization and EAT function through NF-кB activity inhibition suggested a potential mechanism of nitrate esters in alleviating the severity of CAD.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Justilien V, Fields AP, Murray NR. Recurrent copy number gains drive PKCι expression and PKCι-dependent oncogenic signaling in human cancers. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100754. [PMID: 32992230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PRKCI is frequently overexpressed in multiple human cancers, and PKCι expression is often prognostic for poor patient survival, indicating that elevated PKCι broadly plays an oncogenic role in the cancer phenotype. PKCι drives multiple oncogenic signaling pathways involved in transformed growth, and transgenic mouse models have revealed that PKCι is a critical oncogenic driver in both lung and ovarian cancers. We now report that recurrent 3q26 copy number gain (CNG) is the predominant genetic driver of PRKCI mRNA expression in all major human cancer types exhibiting such CNGs. In addition to PRKCI, CNG at 3q26 leads to coordinate CNGs of ECT2 and SOX2, two additional 3q26 genes that collaborate with PRKCI to drive oncogenic signaling and tumor initiation in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Interestingly however, whereas 3q26 CNG is a strong driver of PRKCI mRNA expression across all tumor types examined, it has differential effects on ECT2 and SOX2 mRNA expression. In some tumors types, particularly those with squamous histology, all three 3q26 oncogenes are coordinately overexpressed as a consequence of 3q26 CNG, whereas in other cancers only PRKCI and ECT2 mRNA are coordinately overexpressed. This distinct pattern of expression of 3q26 genes corresponds to differences in genomic signatures reflective of activation of specific PKCι oncogenic signaling pathways. In addition to highly prevalent CNG, some tumor types exhibit monoallelic loss of PRKCI. Interestingly, many tumors harboring monoallelic loss of PRKCI express significantly lower PRKCI mRNA and exhibit evidence of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway activation, which we previously characterized as a major oncogenic pathway in a newly described, PKCι-independent molecular subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we show that CNG-driven activation of PKCι oncogenic signaling predicts poor patient survival in many major cancer types. We conclude that CNG and monoallelic loss are the major determinants of tumor PRKCI mRNA expression across virtually all tumor types, but that tumor-type specific mechanisms determine whether these copy number alterations also drive expression of the collaborating 3q26 oncogenes ECT2 and SOX2, and the oncogenic PKCι signaling pathways activated through the collaborative action of these genes. Our analysis may be useful in identifying tumor-specific predictive biomarkers and effective PKCι-targeted therapeutic strategies in the multitude of human cancers harboring genetic activation of PRKCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leitges M. Investigations of mouse models during tumorigenesis revealed essential but distinct in vivo functions among the PKC family. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100756. [PMID: 32992232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PKC isozymes have been put in place as oncoproteins since the discovery that they can function as receptors for potent tumor-promoting phorbol esters in the 1980s. Despite nearly two decades of research, a clear in vivo proof of that concept was missing. The availability of so-called knock out mouse lines of individual PKC genes provided a tool to investigate isozyme specific in vivo functions in the context of tumor initiation, development and progression. This review aims to provide a limited overview of how the application of these mouse lines in combination with a cancer mouse model helped to understand PKC's in vivo function during tumorigenesis. The focus of this review will be on skin, colon and lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leitges
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Craig L. Dobbin Genetics Research Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Science Centre, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhattacharya B, Home P, Ganguly A, Ray S, Ghosh A, Islam MR, French V, Marsh C, Gunewardena S, Okae H, Arima T, Paul S. Atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) ensures mammalian development by establishing the maternal-fetal exchange interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14280-14291. [PMID: 32513715 PMCID: PMC7322033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920201117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero mammalian development relies on the establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange interface, which ensures transportation of nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. This exchange interface is established via development of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells (SynTs) during placentation. In mice, SynTs develop via differentiation of the trophoblast stem cell-like progenitor cells (TSPCs) of the placenta primordium, and in humans, SynTs are developed via differentiation of villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors. Despite the critical need in pregnancy progression, conserved signaling mechanisms that ensure SynT development are poorly understood. Herein, we show that atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) plays an essential role in establishing the SynT differentiation program in trophoblast progenitors. Loss of PKCλ/ι in the mouse TSPCs abrogates SynT development, leading to embryonic death at approximately embryonic day 9.0 (E9.0). We also show that PKCλ/ι-mediated priming of trophoblast progenitors for SynT differentiation is a conserved event during human placentation. PKCλ/ι is selectively expressed in the first-trimester CTBs of a developing human placenta. Furthermore, loss of PKCλ/ι in CTB-derived human trophoblast stem cells (human TSCs) impairs their SynT differentiation potential both in vitro and after transplantation in immunocompromised mice. Our mechanistic analyses indicate that PKCλ/ι signaling maintains expression of GCM1, GATA2, and PPARγ, which are key transcription factors to instigate SynT differentiation programs in both mouse and human trophoblast progenitors. Our study uncovers a conserved molecular mechanism, in which PKCλ/ι signaling regulates establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange surface by promoting trophoblast progenitor-to-SynT transition during placentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Pratik Home
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Avishek Ganguly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Soma Ray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Ananya Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Valerie French
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Courtney Marsh
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160;
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Atobe M, Serizawa T, Yamakawa N, Takaba K, Nagano Y, Yamaura T, Tanaka E, Tazumi A, Bito S, Ishiguro M, Kawanishi M. Discovery of 4,6- and 5,7-Disubstituted Isoquinoline Derivatives as a Novel Class of Protein Kinase C ζ Inhibitors with Fragment-Merging Strategy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7143-7162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Atobe
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Takayuki Serizawa
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Takaba
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nagano
- Research Coordination, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yamaura
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tanaka
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Tazumi
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Shino Bito
- Laboratory for Safety Assessment & ADME, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Masashi Ishiguro
- Laboratory for Safety Assessment & ADME, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawanishi
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghilardi SJ, O'Reilly BM, Sgro AE. Intracellular signaling dynamics and their role in coordinating tissue repair. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1479. [PMID: 32035001 PMCID: PMC7187325 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is a complex process that requires effective communication and coordination between cells across multiple tissues and organ systems. Two of the initial intracellular signals that encode injury signals and initiate tissue repair responses are calcium and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). However, calcium and ERK signaling control a variety of cellular behaviors important for injury repair including cellular motility, contractility, and proliferation, as well as the activity of several different transcription factors, making it challenging to relate specific injury signals to their respective repair programs. This knowledge gap ultimately hinders the development of new wound healing therapies that could take advantage of native cellular signaling programs to more effectively repair tissue damage. The objective of this review is to highlight the roles of calcium and ERK signaling dynamics as mechanisms that link specific injury signals to specific cellular repair programs during epithelial and stromal injury repair. We detail how the signaling networks controlling calcium and ERK can now also be dissected using classical signal processing techniques with the advent of new biosensors and optogenetic signal controllers. Finally, we advocate the importance of recognizing calcium and ERK dynamics as key links between injury detection and injury repair programs that both organize and execute a coordinated tissue repair response between cells across different tissues and organs. This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Ghilardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Breanna M. O'Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Allyson E. Sgro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Workman LM, Zhang L, Fan Y, Zhang W, Habelhah H. TRAF2 Ser-11 Phosphorylation Promotes Cytosolic Translocation of the CD40 Complex To Regulate Downstream Signaling Pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00429-19. [PMID: 32041822 PMCID: PMC7156217 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00429-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 plays an important role in immune responses by activating the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and NF-κB pathways; however, the precise mechanisms governing the spatiotemporal activation of these two signaling pathways are not fully understood. Here, using four different TRAF2-deficient cell lines (A20.2J, CH12.LX, HAP1, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts [MEFs]) reconstituted with wild-type or phosphorylation mutant forms of TRAF2, along with immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, gene expression, and immunofluorescence analyses, we report that CD40 ligation elicits TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-mediated phosphorylation of TRAF2 at Ser-11. This phosphorylation interfered with the interaction between TRAF2's RING domain and membrane phospholipids and enabled translocation of the TRAF2 complex from CD40 to the cytoplasm. We also observed that this cytoplasmic translocation is required for full activation of the JNK pathway and the secondary phase of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, we found that in the absence of Ser-11 phosphorylation, the TRAF2 RING domain interacts with phospholipids, leading to the translocation of the TRAF2 complex to lipid rafts, resulting in its degradation and activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Thus, our results provide new insights into the CD40 signaling mechanisms whereby Ser-11 phosphorylation controls RING domain-dependent subcellular localization of TRAF2 to modulate the spatiotemporal activation of the JNK and NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Workman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Laiqun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yumei Fan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hasem Habelhah
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu X, Wilson MW, Liu K, Lee P, Yeomans L, Hagen SE, Lin CM, Wen B, Sun D, White AD, Showalter HD, Antonetti DA. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as atypical protein kinase C inhibitors to control retinal vascular permeability and cytokine-induced edema. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115480. [PMID: 32327351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that small molecule targeting of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) may provide an effective means to control vascular permeability, prevent edema, and reduce inflammation providing novel and important alternatives to anti-VEGF therapies for certain blinding eye diseases. Based on a literature tricyclic thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine lead (1), an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the aPKC iota (ι) and aPKC zeta (ζ) isoforms, we have synthesized a small series of compounds in 1-2 steps from a readily available chloro intermediate. A single pyridine congener was also made using 2D NMR to assign regiochemistry. Within the parent pyrimidine series, a range of potencies was observed against aPKCζ whereas the pyridine congener was inactive. Selected compounds were also tested for their effect toward VEGF-induced permeability in BREC cells. The most potent of these (7l) was further assayed against the aPKCι isoform and showed a favorable selectivity profile against a panel of 31 kinases, including kinases from the AGC superfamily, with a focus on PKC isoforms and kinases previously shown to affect permeability. Further testing of 7l in a luciferase assay in HEK293 cells showed an ability to prevent TNF-α induced NFκB activation while not having any effect on cell survival. Intravitreal administration of 7l to the eye yielded a complete reduction in permeability in a test to determine whether the compound could block VEGF- and TNFα-induced permeability across the retinal vasculature in a rat model. The compound in mice displayed good microsomal stability and in plasma moderate exposure (AUC and Cmax), low clearance, a long half-life and high oral bioavailability. With IV dosing, higher levels were observed in the brain and eye relative to plasma, with highest levels in the eye by either IV or PO dosing. With a slow oral absorption profile, 7l accumulates in the eye to maintain a high concentration after dosing with higher levels than in plasma. Compound 7l may represent a class of aPKC inhibitors for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Michael W Wilson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pil Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Larisa Yeomans
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Susan E Hagen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew D White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hollis D Showalter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Link N, Chung H, Jolly A, Withers M, Tepe B, Arenkiel BR, Shah PS, Krogan NJ, Aydin H, Geckinli BB, Tos T, Isikay S, Tuysuz B, Mochida GH, Thomas AX, Clark RD, Mirzaa GM, Lupski JR, Bellen HJ. Mutations in ANKLE2, a ZIKA Virus Target, Disrupt an Asymmetric Cell Division Pathway in Drosophila Neuroblasts to Cause Microcephaly. Dev Cell 2019; 51:713-729.e6. [PMID: 31735666 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The apical Par complex, which contains atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), Bazooka (Par-3), and Par-6, is required for establishing polarity during asymmetric division of neuroblasts in Drosophila, and its activity depends on L(2)gl. We show that loss of Ankle2, a protein associated with microcephaly in humans and known to interact with Zika protein NS4A, reduces brain volume in flies and impacts the function of the Par complex. Reducing Ankle2 levels disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear envelope morphology, releasing the kinase Ballchen-VRK1 into the cytosol. These defects are associated with reduced phosphorylation of aPKC, disruption of Par-complex localization, and spindle alignment defects. Importantly, removal of one copy of ballchen or l(2)gl suppresses Ankle2 mutant phenotypes and restores viability and brain size. Human mutational studies implicate the above-mentioned genes in microcephaly and motor neuron disease. We suggest that NS4A, ANKLE2, VRK1, and LLGL1 define a pathway impinging on asymmetric determinants of neural stem cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Link
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyunglok Chung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program and MHG Graduate program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marjorie Withers
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Burak Tepe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hatip Aydin
- Center of Genetics Diagnosis, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilgen B Geckinli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Tos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr. Sami Ulus Research and Training Hospital of Women's and Children's Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedat Isikay
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hasan Kalyoncu University, School of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tuysuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ganesh H Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ajay X Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Section of Child Neurology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robin D Clark
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program and MHG Graduate program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reina-Campos M, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. The Dual Roles of the Atypical Protein Kinase Cs in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:218-235. [PMID: 31474570 PMCID: PMC6751000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isozymes, PKCλ/ι and PKCζ, are now considered fundamental regulators of tumorigenesis. However, the specific separation of functions that determine their different roles in cancer is still being unraveled. Both aPKCs have pleiotropic context-dependent functions that can translate into tumor-promoter or -suppressive functions. Here, we review early and more recent literature to discuss how the different tumor types, and their microenvironments, might account for the selective signaling of each aPKC isotype. This is of clinical relevance because a better understanding of the roles of these kinases is essential for the design of new anti-cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reina-Campos
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marrocco V, Bogomolovas J, Ehler E, Dos Remedios CG, Yu J, Gao C, Lange S. PKC and PKN in heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:212-226. [PMID: 30742812 PMCID: PMC6408329 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) and closely related protein kinase N (PKN) families of serine/threonine protein kinases play crucial cellular roles. Both kinases belong to the AGC subfamily of protein kinases that also include the cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), protein kinase G (PKG) and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). Involvement of PKC family members in heart disease has been well documented over the years, as their activity and levels are mis-regulated in several pathological heart conditions, such as ischemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the regulation of PKCs and PKNs in different pathological heart conditions and on the influences that PKC/PKN activation has on several physiological processes. In addition, we discuss mechanisms by which PKCs and the closely related PKNs are activated and turned-off in hearts, how they regulate cardiac specific downstream targets and pathways, and how their inhibition by small molecules is explored as new therapeutic target to treat cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marrocco
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Jiayu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, USA; University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Huang J, Lu J, Guo Z, Li Z, Gao H, Wang P, Luo W, Cai S, Hu Y, Guo K, Wang L, Li Z, Wang M, Zhang X, Liu P. Sirtuin 1 represses PKC-ζ activity through regulating interplay of acetylation and phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:416-435. [PMID: 30414383 PMCID: PMC6329629 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of PKC-ζ is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. PKC-ζ can be activated by certain lipid metabolites such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and ceramide. However, its endogenous negative regulators are not well defined. Here, the role of the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated in cardiac hypertrophy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cellular hypertrophy in cultures of cardiac myocytes, from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, was monitored by measuring cell surface area and the mRNA levels of hypertrophic biomarkers. Interaction between sirtuin1 and PKC-ζ was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Sirtuin1 activation was enhanced by resveratrol treatment or Ad-sirtuin1 transfection. A model of cardiac hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley rats was established by abdominal aortic constriction surgery or induced by isoprenaline in vivo. KEY RESULTS Overexpression of PKC-ζ led to cardiac hypertrophy and increased activity of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and ERK5, which was ameliorated by sirtuin1 overexpression. Enhancement of sirtuin1 activity suppressed acetylation of PKC-ζ, hindered its binding to phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 and inhibited PKC-ζ phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Consequently, the downstream pathways of PKC-ζ' were suppressed in cardiac hypertrophy. This regulation loop suggests a new role for sirtuin1 in mediation of cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sirtuin1 is an endogenous negative regulator for PKC-ζ and mediates its activity via regulating the acetylation and phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis may suggest a novel therapeutic approach against cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Junying Huang
- College of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineJishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Panxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Sidong Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuehuai Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kaiteng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
PKCζ facilitates lymphatic metastatic spread of prostate cancer cells in a mice xenograft model. Oncogene 2019; 38:4215-4231. [PMID: 30705401 PMCID: PMC6756056 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer disseminates primarily into the adjacent lymph nodes, which is related to a poor outcome. Atypical protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) is highly expressed in aggressive prostate cancer and correlates with Gleason score, clinical stage, and poor prognosis. Here, we report the molecular mechanisms of PKCζ in lymphatic metastasis during prostate cancer progression. Using zinc-finger nuclease technology or PKCζ shRNA lentiviral particles, and orthotopic mouse xenografts, we show that PKCζ-knockout or knockdown from aggressive prostate cancer (PC3 and PC3U) cells, decreasesd tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis in vivo. Intriguingly, PKCζ-knockout or knockdown impaired the activation of AKT, ERK, and NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer cells, thereby impairing the expression of lymphangiogenic factors and macrophage recruitment, resulting in aberrant lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, PKCζ regulated the expression of hyaluronan synthase enzymes, which is important for hyaluronan-mediated lymphatic drainage and tumor dissemination. Thus, PKCζ plays a crucial oncogenic role in the lymphatic metastasis of prostate cancer and is predicted to be a novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Noguchi N, Hirose T, Suzuki T, Kagaya M, Chida K, Ohno S, Manabe M, Osada SI. Atypical protein kinase C isoforms differentially regulate directional keratinocyte migration during wound healing. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 93:101-108. [PMID: 30660448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermis possesses regenerative properties that become apparent only after wounding. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isoforms aPKCζ and aPKCλ form a ternary complex with Par3 and Par6, and play crucial roles in establishing and maintaining epithelial cell polarity. The epidermal loss of aPKCλ results in progressive depletion of hair follicle stem cells. However, it is unclear whether aPKCs have equivalent activities in epidermal regeneration. OBJECTIVES To clarify functional differences between aPKCζ and aPKCλ in cutaneous wound healing. METHODS We compared cutaneous wound healing processes in vivo using mutant mice with genetic deletion of each aPKC isoform. We also analyzed functional differences between aPKCζ and aPKCλ in cell proliferation, directional cell migration, and formation of microtubules in vitro using primary keratinocytes established from each mutant mouse. RESULTS Wound healing was significantly retarded in epidermis-specific aPKCλ knockout mice. In aPKCλ-deleted keratinocytes, the correct orientation of cell protrusions toward the wound was disrupted through the destabilization of Par6β. The elongation of stabilized β-tubulin was also deteriorated in aPKCλ-deleted keratinocytes, leading to defects in cell spreading. Conversely, wound healing and directional cell migration in aPKCζ-deleted mice were comparable to those in their control littermates. CONCLUSIONS aPKCs are not functionally equivalent; aPKCλ, but not aPKCζ, plays a primary role in cutaneous wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Noguchi
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masami Kagaya
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chida
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motomu Manabe
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Osada
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nakanishi Y, Duran A, L'Hermitte A, Shelton PM, Nakanishi N, Reina-Campos M, Huang J, Soldevila F, Baaten BJG, Tauriello DVF, Castilla EA, Bhangoo MS, Bao F, Sigal D, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. Simultaneous Loss of Both Atypical Protein Kinase C Genes in the Intestinal Epithelium Drives Serrated Intestinal Cancer by Impairing Immunosurveillance. Immunity 2018; 49:1132-1147.e7. [PMID: 30552022 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serrated adenocarcinoma, an alternative pathway for colorectal cancer (CRC) development, accounts for 15%-30% of all CRCs and is aggressive and treatment resistant. We show that the expression of atypical protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) and PKCλ/ι was reduced in human serrated tumors. Simultaneous inactivation of the encoding genes in the mouse intestinal epithelium resulted in spontaneous serrated tumorigenesis that progressed to advanced cancer with a strongly reactive and immunosuppressive stroma. Whereas epithelial PKCλ/ι deficiency led to immunogenic cell death and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, which repressed tumor initiation, PKCζ loss impaired interferon and CD8+ T cell responses, which resulted in tumorigenesis. Combined treatment with a TGF-β receptor inhibitor plus anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade showed synergistic curative activity. Analysis of human samples supported the relevance of these kinases in the immunosurveillance defects of human serrated CRC. These findings provide insight into avenues for the detection and treatment of this poor-prognosis subtype of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakanishi
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angeles Duran
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antoine L'Hermitte
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phillip M Shelton
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Naoko Nakanishi
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bas J G Baaten
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniele V F Tauriello
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias A Castilla
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Munveer S Bhangoo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darren Sigal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin CM, Titchenell PM, Keil JM, Garcia-Ocaña A, Bolinger MT, Abcouwer SF, Antonetti DA. Inhibition of Atypical Protein Kinase C Reduces Inflammation-Induced Retinal Vascular Permeability. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2392-2405. [PMID: 30220554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in permeability of retinal blood vessels contribute to macular edema and the pathophysiology of numerous ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and macular degeneration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces retinal permeability and macular thickening in these diseases. However, inflammatory agents, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), also may drive vascular permeability, specifically in patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF therapy. Recent evidence suggests VEGF and TNF-α induce permeability through distinct mechanisms; however, both require the activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). We provide evidence, using genetic mouse models and therapeutic intervention with small molecules, that inhibition of aPKC prevented or reduced vascular permeability in animal models of retinal inflammation. Expression of a kinase-dead aPKC transgene, driven by a vascular and hematopoietic restricted promoter, reduced retinal vascular permeability in an ischemia-reperfusion model of retinal injury. This effect was recapitulated with a small-molecule inhibitor of aPKC. Expression of the kinase-dead aPKC transgene dramatically reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and blocked the attraction of inflammatory monocytes and granulocytes after ischemic injury. Coinjection of VEGF with TNF-α was sufficient to induce permeability, edema, and retinal inflammation, and treatment with an aPKC inhibitor prevented VEGF/TNF-α-induced permeability. These data suggest that aPKC contributes to inflammation-driven retinal vascular pathology and may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mao Lin
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul M Titchenell
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason M Keil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Human Genetics and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mark T Bolinger
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David A Antonetti
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abdel-Halim M, Abadi AH, Engel M. Design and synthesis of novel 1,3,5-triphenyl pyrazolines as potential anti-inflammatory agents through allosteric inhibition of protein kinase Czeta (PKCζ). MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1076-1082. [PMID: 30108997 PMCID: PMC6072096 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00100f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Much light has been shed on the vital role of protein kinase Czeta (PKCζ) in NF-κB activation and the potential use of PKCζ inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents. We previously reported a series of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines as potent and selective allosteric inhibitors of PKCζ; in that series of compounds, the phenolic OH at the 5-phenyl was essential for binding to the PKCζ PIF pocket. In the present study, we surprisingly found that replacing it by a halogen and at the same time moving the OH to the 3-phenyl still resulted in active compounds. An extension of this class of compounds with a new focused library is presented herein, where the phenolic OH at the 5-phenyl, which was reported to be an irreplaceable feature for activity, was moved to the 3-phenyl and replaced by halogen. The new set of compounds maintained the same level of potency against PKCζ and selectivity against PKC isoforms, and showed reduced potency against the PIF pocket mutant PKCζ[Val297Leu]. Of note, the repositioning of the key functional groups resulted in a marked enhancement of cellular potency. One of the most potent new PKCζ inhibitors, 2h, was able to suppress NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with 8 times higher efficacy than the previous series, and inhibited the NF-κB transcriptional activity in U937 cells with a sub-micromolar IC50.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , German University in Cairo , Cairo 11835 , Egypt
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , German University in Cairo , Cairo 11835 , Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C2.3 , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany . ; http://www.pharmmedchem.de ; ; Tel: +49 681 302 70312
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miura T, Kume M, Kawamura T, Yamamoto K, Hamakubo T, Nishihara S. O-GlcNAc on PKCζ Inhibits the FGF4-PKCζ-MEK-ERK1/2 Pathway via Inhibition of PKCζ Phosphorylation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:272-286. [PMID: 29249667 PMCID: PMC5768893 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate into multiple cell types during organismal development. Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling induces differentiation from ESCs via the phosphorylation of downstream molecules such as mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The FGF4-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway is inhibited to maintain ESCs in the undifferentiated state. However, the inhibitory mechanism of the FGF4-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway in ESCs is uncharacterized. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification characterized by the attachment of a single N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins. Here, we showed that the O-GlcNAc on the phosphorylation site of PKCζ inhibits PKCζ phosphorylation (activation) and, consequently, the FGF4-PKCζ-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway in ESCs. Our results demonstrate the mechanism for the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of ESCs via the inhibition of the FGF4-PKCζ-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway by O-GlcNAcylation on PKCζ. PKCζ activates the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway by FGF4 stimulation O-GlcNAc on the phosphorylation site of PKCζ inhibits PKCζ activation in ESCs FGF4-PKCζ-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway is inhibited by O-GlcNAc on PKCζ in ESCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Miura
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kume
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tomlinson MS, Bommarito PA, Martin EM, Smeester L, Fichorova RN, Onderdonk AB, Kuban KCK, O’Shea TM, Fry RC. Microorganisms in the human placenta are associated with altered CpG methylation of immune and inflammation-related genes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188664. [PMID: 29240761 PMCID: PMC5730116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in the placenta have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as neonatal illness. Inflammation in the placenta has been identified as a contributing factor in this association, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The placental epigenome may serve as an intermediate between placental microbes and inflammation, contributing to adverse outcomes in the offspring. In the present study, genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 486,428 CpG sites) of 84 placentas was analyzed in relation to 16 species of placental microorganisms using samples collected from the Extremely Low Gestation Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. A total of n = 1,789 CpG sites, corresponding to n = 1,079 genes, displayed differential methylation (q<0.1) in relation to microorganisms. The altered genes encode for proteins that are involved in immune/inflammatory responses, specifically the NF-κB signaling pathway. These data support bacteria-dependent epigenetic patterning in the placenta and provide potential insight into mechanisms that associate the presence of microorganisms in the placenta to pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This study lays the foundation for investigations of the placental microbiome and its role in placental function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Scott Tomlinson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paige A. Bommarito
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Raina N. Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Onderdonk
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karl C. K. Kuban
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yeh YC, Chang CC, Lee PP, Cheng W. The transcription of atypical protein kinase C in hemocytes of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, during the molt stage and injection of pathogen-associated compounds. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:52-58. [PMID: 28818614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), which is involved in cell signaling pathways, comprises a family of serine/threonine kinases ubiquitously present in animals and its members are grouped on the basis of structural and activation characteristics into novel, classical, and atypical PKC forms. In this study, an atypical PKC of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, designated MraPKC, was successfully cloned, and its protein comprised structural domains similar to those of atypical PKC homologues, including the Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain, a zinc finger phorbol-ester/DAG-type signature, protein kinase signatures, and a cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent, and PKC (AGC) kinase C-terminal domain. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close evolutionary relationship between MraPKC and aPKCs of insects. MraPKC transcripts were detected in all tissues examined through an RT-PCR, with the highest level detected in muscles. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate MraPKC expression in hemocytes of M. rosenbergii in various molt stages, and in prawn challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus, Lactococcus garvieae, and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) as well as in prawns injected with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PG), and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly:IC). Results revealed that the expression pattern of MraPKC was distinctly modulated during molting, with significant enhancement in the C stage. MraPKC transcripts significantly increased in hemocytes of prawns infected with L. garvieae at 6-24 h and those injected with PG at 12-24 h. In contrast, significantly decreased expression of MraPKC was observed in hemocytes of prawns injected with V. alginolyticus and LPS for 3 and 12 h, respectively, and a similar phenomenon was observed in hemocytes of those injected with WSSV and Poly:IC for 12 h each. Therefore, MraPKC might play crucial roles in biological processes, and it may mediate the signaling pathway induced by varied pathogens for the potential regulation of host innate defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Eastern Marine Biology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Taitung 96143, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pai-Po Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Beck S, Leitges M, Stegner D. Protein kinase Cι/λ is dispensable for platelet function in thrombosis and hemostasis in mice. Cell Signal 2017; 38:223-229. [PMID: 28739484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation at sites of vascular injury is crucial for hemostasis, but it may also cause myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Upon platelet activation, cytoskeletal reorganization is essential for platelet secretion and thrombus formation. Members of the protein kinase C family, which includes 12 isoforms, are involved in most platelet responses required for thrombus formation. The atypical protein kinase Cι/λ (PKCι/λ) has been implicated as an important mediator of cell polarity, carcinogenesis and immune cell responses. PKCι/λ is known to be associated with the small GTPase Cdc42, an important mediator of multiple platelet functions; however, its exact function in platelets is not known. To study the role of PKCι/λ, we generated platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific PKCι/λ knockout mice (Prkcifl/fl, Pf4-Cre) and used them to investigate the function of PKCι/λ in platelet activation and aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, lack of PKCι/λ had no detectable effect on platelet spreading and function in vitro and in vivo under all tested conditions. These results indicate that PKCι/λ is dispensable for Cdc42-triggered processes and for thrombosis and hemostasis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beck
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Petrov D, Dahan I, Cohen-Kfir E, Ravid S. aPKCζ affects directed cell migration through the regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 11:347-359. [PMID: 27541056 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1225631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is an essential cellular process for a variety of biological events. It requires cross-talk between the signaling and the cytoskeletal systems. Despite the recognized importance of aPKCζ for cell motility, there is little understanding of the mechanism by which aPKCζ mediates extracellular signals to the cytoskeleton. In the present study, we report that aPKCζ is required for the cellular organization of acto-non-muscle myosin II (NMII) cytoskeleton, for proper cell adhesion and directed cell migration. We show that aPKCζ mediates EGF-dependent RhoA activation and recruitment to the cell membrane. We also show that aPKCζ mediates EGF-dependent myosin light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation that is carried out by Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), and that aPKCζ is required for EGF-dependent phosphorylation and inhibition of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT). Finally, we show that aPKCζ mediates the spatial organization of the acto-NMII cytoskeleton in response to EGF stimulation. Our data suggest that aPKCζ is an essential component regulator of acto-NMII cytoskeleton organization leading to directed cell migration, and is a mediator of the EGF signal to the cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Petrov
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Inbal Dahan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Einav Cohen-Kfir
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Shoshana Ravid
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Buonfiglio LGV, Bagegni M, Borcherding JA, Sieren JC, Caraballo JC, Reger A, Zabner J, Li X, Comellas AP. Protein Kinase Cζ Inhibitor Promotes Resolution of Bleomycin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:869-877. [PMID: 27486964 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0006oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) is highly expressed in the lung, where it plays several regulating roles in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Proliferation and differentiation of integrin β4+ distal lung epithelial progenitor cells seem to play a key role in proper lung regeneration. We investigated the effects of a myristoylated PKCζ inhibitor (PKCζi) in a murine model of bleomycin-induced ALI. After intratracheal injury, we treated mice three times a week with PKCζi or its vehicle, DMSO. We found that mice injured with bleomycin and then treated with PKCζi for one week showed decreased activation of PKCζ, improved lung compliance, and decreased lung protein permeability compared to injured mice treated with DMSO. Mice treated continuously with PKCζi for 6 weeks showed reduced evidence of lung fibrosis by computed tomographic images, decreased lung collagen deposition, and decreased active transforming growth factor-β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, we found an increased number of lung β4+ cells compared to DMSO at Week 6. Therefore, we grew isolated integrin β4+ lung progenitor cells in the presence of PKCζi or DMSO and found that β4+ cells treated with PKCζi proliferated more in vitro compared to DMSO. We conclude that the use of a PKCζi promotes resolution of lung fibrosis in a bleomycin ALI model and increases the number of β4+ progenitor cells with regenerative potential in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Vargas Buonfiglio
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| | - Mosaab Bagegni
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| | - Jennifer A Borcherding
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| | | | - Juan C Caraballo
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| | - Andrew Reger
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| | - Joseph Zabner
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- 1 Internal Medicine Department, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdel-Halim M, Darwish SS, ElHady AK, Hoppstädter J, Abadi AH, Hartmann RW, Kiemer AK, Engel M. Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)ζ downregulates the expression of cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:405-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
36
|
Dainichi T, Hayden MS, Park SG, Oh H, Seeley JJ, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Beck KM, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K, Hashimoto T, Ghosh S. PDK1 Is a Regulator of Epidermal Differentiation that Activates and Organizes Asymmetric Cell Division. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1615-23. [PMID: 27184845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) in a perpendicular orientation promotes cell differentiation and organizes the stratified epithelium. However, the upstream cues regulating ACD have not been identified. Here, we report that phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) plays a critical role in establishing ACD in the epithelium. Production of phosphatidyl inositol triphosphate (PIP3) is localized to the apical side of basal cells. Asymmetric recruitment of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and partitioning defective (PAR) 3 is impaired in PDK1 conditional knockout (CKO) epidermis. PDK1(CKO) keratinocytes do not undergo calcium-induced activation of aPKC or IGF1-induced activation of AKT and fail to differentiate. PDK1(CKO) epidermis shows decreased expression of Notch, a downstream effector of ACD, and restoration of Notch rescues defective expression of differentiation-induced Notch targets in vitro. We therefore propose that PDK1 signaling regulates the basal-to-suprabasal switch in developing epidermis by acting as both an activator and organizer of ACD and the Notch-dependent differentiation program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Matthew S Hayden
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Hyunju Oh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John J Seeley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kristen M Beck
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chung MY, Jung SK, Lee HJ, Shon DH, Kim HK. Ethanol Extract of Sarcodon asparatus Mitigates Inflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice and Murine Macrophages. J Med Food 2015; 18:1198-206. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Ku Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mah IK, Soloff R, Hedrick SM, Mariani FV. Atypical PKC-iota Controls Stem Cell Expansion via Regulation of the Notch Pathway. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:866-880. [PMID: 26527382 PMCID: PMC4649379 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of stem/progenitor cells available can profoundly impact tissue homeostasis and the response to injury or disease. Here, we propose that an atypical PKC, Prkci, is a key player in regulating the switch from an expansion to a differentiation/maintenance phase via regulation of Notch, thus linking the polarity pathway with the control of stem cell self-renewal. Prkci is known to influence symmetric cell division in invertebrates; however a definitive role in mammals has not yet emerged. Using a genetic approach, we find that loss of Prkci results in a marked increase in the number of various stem/progenitor cells. The mechanism used likely involves inactivation and symmetric localization of NUMB, leading to the activation of NOTCH1 and its downstream effectors. Inhibition of atypical PKCs may be useful for boosting the production of pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, or possibly even primordial germ cells by promoting the stem cell/progenitor fate. PRKCi, a polarity protein, regulates expansion of various stem/progenitor cells PRKCi acts in this capacity via a Notch-dependent pathway Thus, PRKCi acts as a link between polarity and stem cell self-renewal Inhibition of aPKCs may be generally useful for expanding progenitor populations
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Kyoung Mah
- Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rachel Soloff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen M Hedrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesca V Mariani
- Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Arsenio J, Metz PJ, Chang JT. Asymmetric Cell Division in T Lymphocyte Fate Diversification. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:670-683. [PMID: 26474675 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunological protection against microbial pathogens is dependent on robust generation of functionally diverse T lymphocyte subsets. Upon microbial infection, naïve CD4(+) or CD8(+) T lymphocytes can give rise to effector- and memory-fated progeny that together mediate a potent immune response. Recent advances in single-cell immunological and genomic profiling technologies have helped elucidate early and late diversification mechanisms that enable the generation of heterogeneity from single T lymphocytes. We discuss these findings here and argue that one such mechanism, asymmetric cell division, creates an early divergence in T lymphocyte fates by giving rise to daughter cells with a propensity towards the terminally differentiated effector or self-renewing memory lineages, with cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic cues from the microenvironment driving the final maturation steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janilyn Arsenio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patrick J Metz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xi G, Shen X, Wai C, Vilas CK, Clemmons DR. Hyperglycemia stimulates p62/PKCζ interaction, which mediates NF-κB activation, increased Nox4 expression, and inflammatory cytokine activation in vascular smooth muscle. FASEB J 2015; 29:4772-82. [PMID: 26231202 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia leads to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation and enhances responses to IGF-I. Prior studies showed that hyperglycemia stimulated NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) synthesis, and IGF-I facilitated its recruitment to a signaling complex where it oxidized src, leading to AKT and MAPK activation. To determine the mechanism that led to these changes, we analyzed the roles of p62 (sequestrosome1) and PKCζ. Hyperglycemia induced a 4.9 ± 1.0-fold increase in p62/PKCζ association, and disruption of PKCζ/p62 using a peptide inhibitor or p62 knockdown reduced PKCζ activation (78 ± 6%). 3-Phosphoinoside-dependent protein kinase 1 was also recruited to the p62 complex and directly phosphorylated PKCζ, leading to its activation (3.1 ± 0.4-fold). Subsequently, activated PKCζ phosphorylated p65 rel, which led to increased Nox4 synthesis. Studies in diabetic mice confirmed these findings (6.0 ± 0.4-fold increase in p62/PKCζ) and their disruption of attenuated Nox4 synthesis (76 ± 9% reduction). PKCζ/p62 activation stimulated inflammatory cytokine production and enhanced IGF-I-stimulated VSMC proliferation. These results define the molecular mechanism by which PKCζ is activated in response to hyperglycemia and suggest that this could be a mechanism by which other stimuli such as cytokines or metabolic stress function to stimulate NF-κB activation, thereby altering VSMC sensitivity to IGF-I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xi
- *Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- *Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Christine Wai
- *Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Caroline K Vilas
- *Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - David R Clemmons
- *Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Du Y, Seibenhener ML, Yan J, Jiang J, Wooten MC. aPKC phosphorylation of HDAC6 results in increased deacetylation activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123191. [PMID: 25860570 PMCID: PMC4393284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Class II histone deacetylase, HDAC6, has been shown to be involved in cell motility, aggresome formation and mitochondria transport. HDAC6 deacetylase activity regulates α-tubulin acetylation levels and thus plays a critical role in these processes. In turn, HDAC6 activity can be regulated by interaction with various proteins including multiple kinases. Kinase mediated phosphorylation of HDAC6 can lead to either increased or reduced activity. Our previous research has shown that sequestosome1/p62 (SQSTM1/p62) interacts with HDAC6 and regulates its activity. As SQSTM1/p62 is a scaffolding protein known to interact directly with the zeta isoform of Protein Kinase C (PKCζ), we sought to examine if HDAC6 could be a substrate for PKCζ phosphorylation and if so, how its activity might be regulated. Our data demonstrate that HDAC6 is not only present in a protein complex with PKCζ but can also be phosphorylated by PKCζ. We also show that specific phosphorylation of HDAC6 by PKCζ increases HDAC6 deacetylase activity resulting in reduced acetylated tubulin levels. Our findings provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism by which HDAC6, PKCζ and SQSTM1/p62 function together in protein aggregate clearance. These results also highlight a new research direction which may prove fruitful for understanding the underlying cause of several neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, AL, 36849, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Seibenhener
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, AL, 36849, United States of America
| | - Jin Yan
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States of America
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Wooten
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, AL, 36849, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Desai P, Yang J, Tian B, Sun H, Kalita M, Ju H, Paulucci-Holthauzen A, Zhao Y, Brasier AR, Sadygov RG. Mixed-effects model of epithelial-mesenchymal transition reveals rewiring of signaling networks. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1413-25. [PMID: 25862520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The type II epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) produces airway fibrosis and remodeling, contributing to the severity of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While numerous studies have been done on the mechanisms of the transition itself, few studies have investigated the system effects of EMT on signaling networks. Here, we use mixed effects modeling to develop a computational model of phospho-protein signaling data that compares human small airway epithelial cells (hSAECs) with their EMT-transformed counterparts across a series of perturbations with 8 ligands and 5 inhibitors, revealing previously uncharacterized changes in signaling in the EMT state. Strong couplings between menadione, TNFα and TGFβ and their known phospho-substrates were revealed after mixed effects modeling. Interestingly, the overall phospho-protein response was attenuated in EMT, with loss of Mena and TNFα coupling to heat shock protein (HSP)-27. These differences persisted after correction for EMT-induced changes in phospho-protein substrate abundance. Construction of network topology maps showed significant changes between the two cellular states, including a linkage between glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α and small body size/mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)2. The model also predicted a loss of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)-independent HSP27 signaling, which we experimentally validated. We further characterized the relationship between HSP27 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 signaling, and determined that loss of HSP27 following EMT is only partially responsible for the downregulation of STAT3. These rewired connections represent therapeutic targets that could potentially reverse EMT and restore a normal phenotype to the respiratory mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Mridul Kalita
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Hyunsu Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | | | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Rovshan G Sadygov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
So J, Pasculescu A, Dai AY, Williton K, James A, Nguyen V, Creixell P, Schoof EM, Sinclair J, Barrios-Rodiles M, Gu J, Krizus A, Williams R, Olhovsky M, Dennis JW, Wrana JL, Linding R, Jorgensen C, Pawson T, Colwill K. Integrative analysis of kinase networks in TRAIL-induced apoptosis provides a source of potential targets for combination therapy. Sci Signal 2015; 8:rs3. [PMID: 25852190 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an endogenous secreted peptide and, in preclinical studies, preferentially induces apoptosis in tumor cells rather than in normal cells. The acquisition of resistance in cells exposed to TRAIL or its mimics limits their clinical efficacy. Because kinases are intimately involved in the regulation of apoptosis, we systematically characterized kinases involved in TRAIL signaling. Using RNA interference (RNAi) loss-of-function and cDNA overexpression screens, we identified 169 protein kinases that influenced the dynamics of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1. We classified the kinases as sensitizers or resistors or modulators, depending on the effect that knockdown and overexpression had on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Two of these kinases that were classified as resistors were PX domain-containing serine/threonine kinase (PXK) and AP2-associated kinase 1 (AAK1), which promote receptor endocytosis and may enable cells to resist TRAIL-induced apoptosis by enhancing endocytosis of the TRAIL receptors. We assembled protein interaction maps using mass spectrometry-based protein interaction analysis and quantitative phosphoproteomics. With these protein interaction maps, we modeled information flow through the networks and identified apoptosis-modifying kinases that are highly connected to regulated substrates downstream of TRAIL. The results of this analysis provide a resource of potential targets for the development of TRAIL combination therapies to selectively kill cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan So
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anna Y Dai
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kelly Williton
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrew James
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Pau Creixell
- Cellular Signal Integration Group (C-SIG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Cellular Signal Integration Group (C-SIG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Sinclair
- Cell Communication Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jun Gu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Aldis Krizus
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ryan Williams
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Marina Olhovsky
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rune Linding
- Cellular Signal Integration Group (C-SIG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Claus Jorgensen
- Cell Communication Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Tony Pawson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Adzovic L, Lynn AE, D'Angelo HM, Crockett AM, Kaercher RM, Royer SE, Hopp SC, Wenk GL. Insulin improves memory and reduces chronic neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of young but not aged brains. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:63. [PMID: 25889938 PMCID: PMC4391678 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of insulin in the brain is still not completely understood. In the periphery, insulin can decrease inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS); however, whether insulin can reduce inflammation within the brain is unknown. Experiments administrating intranasal insulin to young and aged adults have shown that insulin improves memory. In our animal model of chronic neuroinflammation, we administered insulin and/or LPS directly into the brain via the fourth ventricle for 4 weeks in young rats; we then analyzed their spatial memory and neuroinflammatory response. Additionally, we administered insulin or artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF), in the same manner, to aged rats and then analyzed their spatial memory and neuroinflammatory response. Response to chronic neuroinflammation in young rats was analyzed in the presence or absence of insulin supplementation. Here, we show for the first time that insulin infused (i.c.v.) to young rats significantly attenuated the effects of LPS by decreasing the expression of neuroinflammatory markers in the hippocampus and by improving performance in the Morris water pool task. In young rats, insulin infusion alone significantly improved their performance as compared to all other groups. Unexpectedly, in aged rats, the responsiveness to insulin was completely absent, that is, spatial memory was still impaired suggesting that an age-dependent insulin resistance may contribute to the cognitive impairment observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Our data suggest a novel therapeutic effect of insulin on neuroinflammation in the young but not the aged brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Adzovic
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Ashley E Lynn
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Heather M D'Angelo
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Alexis M Crockett
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Roxanne M Kaercher
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Sarah E Royer
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Sarah C Hopp
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Gary L Wenk
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lu R, Dalgalan D, Mandell EK, Parker SS, Ghosh S, Wilson JM. PKCι interacts with Rab14 and modulates epithelial barrier function through regulation of claudin-2 levels. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1523-31. [PMID: 25694446 PMCID: PMC4395131 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PKCι is essential for the establishment of epithelial polarity and the normal assembly of tight junctions. We find that PKCι knockdown does not compromise the steady-state distribution of most tight junction proteins but results in increased transepithelial resistance (TER) and decreased paracellular permeability. Analysis of the levels of tight junction components demonstrates that claudin-2 protein levels are decreased. However, other tight junction proteins, such as claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin, are unchanged. Incubation with an aPKC pseudosubstrate recapitulates the phenotype of PKCι knockdown, including increased TER and decreased levels of claudin-2. In addition, overexpression of PKCι results in increased claudin-2 levels. ELISA and coimmunoprecipitation show that the TGN/endosomal small GTPase Rab14 and PKCι interact directly. Immunolabeling shows that PKCι and Rab14 colocalize in both intracellular puncta and at the plasma membrane and that Rab14 expression is required for normal PKCι distribution in cysts in 3D culture. We showed previously that knockdown of Rab14 results in increased TER and decreased claudin-2. Our results suggest that Rab14 and aPKC interact to regulate trafficking of claudin-2 out of the lysosome-directed pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Dogukan Dalgalan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Edward K Mandell
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Sara S Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jean M Wilson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Metz PJ, Arsenio J, Kakaradov B, Kim SH, Remedios KA, Oakley K, Akimoto K, Ohno S, Yeo GW, Chang JT. Regulation of asymmetric division and CD8+ T lymphocyte fate specification by protein kinase Cζ and protein kinase Cλ/ι. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2249-59. [PMID: 25617472 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During an immune response against a microbial pathogen, activated naive T lymphocytes give rise to effector cells that provide acute host defense and memory cells that provide long-lived immunity. It has been shown that T lymphocytes can undergo asymmetric division, enabling the daughter cells to inherit unequal amounts of fate-determining proteins and thereby acquire distinct fates from their inception. In this study, we show that the absence of the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, PKCζ and PKCλ/ι, disrupts asymmetric CD8(+) T lymphocyte division. These alterations were associated with aberrant acquisition of a pre-effector transcriptional program, detected by single-cell gene expression analyses, in lymphocytes that had undergone their first division in vivo and enhanced differentiation toward effector fates at the expense of memory fates. Together, these results demonstrate a role for atypical PKC in regulating asymmetric division and the specification of divergent CD8(+) T lymphocyte fates early during an immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Metz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Janilyn Arsenio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Boyko Kakaradov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell and Bioinformatics Programs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Stephanie H Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kelly A Remedios
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katherine Oakley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kazunori Akimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 236-0027, Japan
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell and Bioinformatics Programs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; and Molecular Engineering Laboratory and Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138632
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
In preclinical studies, protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes have been implicated in regulating many aspects of pancreatic cancer development and progression. However, clinical Phase I or Phase II trials with compounds targeting classical PKC isoforms were not successful. Recent studies implicate that mainly atypical and novel PKC enzymes regulate oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer. Members of these two subgroups converge signaling induced by mutant Kras, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Different approaches for the development of inhibitors for atypical PKC and novel PKC have been described; and new compounds include allosteric inhibitors and inhibitors that block ATP binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Building, Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pelton JC, Wright CE, Leitges M, Bautch VL. Multiple endothelial cells constitute the tip of developing blood vessels and polarize to promote lumen formation. Development 2014; 141:4121-6. [PMID: 25336741 DOI: 10.1242/dev.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel polarization in the apical-basal axis is important for directed secretion of proteins and lumen formation; yet, when and how polarization occurs in the context of angiogenic sprouting is not well understood. Here, we describe a novel topology for endothelial cells at the tip of angiogenic sprouts in several mammalian vascular beds. Two cells that extend filopodia and have significant overlap in space and time were present at vessel tips, both in vitro and in vivo. The cell overlap is more extensive than predicted for tip cell switching, and it sets up a longitudinal cell-cell border that is a site of apical polarization and lumen formation, presumably via a cord-hollowing mechanism. The extent of cell overlap at the tip is reduced in mice lacking aPKCζ, and this is accompanied by reduced distal extension of both the apical border and patent lumens. Thus, at least two polarized cells occupy the distal tip of blood vessel sprouts, and topology, polarization and lumenization along the longitudinal border of these cells are influenced by aPKCζ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Pelton
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Catherine E Wright
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Leitges
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tellkamp F, Vorhagen S, Niessen CM. Epidermal polarity genes in health and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a015255. [PMID: 25452423 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis of the skin is a highly polarized, metabolic tissue with important innate immune functions. The polarity of the epidermis is, for example, reflected in controlled changes in cell shape that accompany differentiation, oriented cell division, and the planar orientation of hair follicles and cilia. The establishment and maintenance of polarity is organized by a diverse set of polarity proteins that include transmembrane adhesion proteins, cytoskeletal scaffold proteins, and kinases. Although polarity proteins have been extensively studied in cell culture and in vivo in simple epithelia of lower organisms, their role in mammalian tissue biology is only slowly evolving. This article will address the importance of polarizing processes and their molecular regulators in epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis and discuss how alterations in polarity may contribute to skin disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Tellkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Vorhagen
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xu K, Liu P, Wei W. mTOR signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:638-54. [PMID: 25450580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
mTOR (the mechanistic target of rapamycin) is an atypical serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating major cellular functions including growth and proliferation. Deregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most commonly observed pathological alterations in human cancers. To this end, oncogenic activation of the mTOR signaling pathway contributes to cancer cell growth, proliferation and survival, highlighting the potential for targeting the oncogenic mTOR pathway members as an effective anti-cancer strategy. In order to do so, a thorough understanding of the physiological roles of key mTOR signaling pathway components and upstream regulators would guide future targeted therapies. Thus, in this review, we summarize available genetic mouse models for mTORC1 and mTORC2 components, as well as characterized mTOR upstream regulators and downstream targets, and assign a potential oncogenic or tumor suppressive role for each evaluated molecule. Together, our work will not only facilitate the current understanding of mTOR biology and possible future research directions, but more importantly, provide a molecular basis for targeted therapies aiming at key oncogenic members along the mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|