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Lin ZJ, Zhou ZC, Shuai XY, Shan XY, Zhou JY, Chen H. Deciphering Multidrug-Resistant Plasmids in Disinfection Residual Bacteria from a Wastewater Treatment Plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6793-6803. [PMID: 38574343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Current disinfection processes pose an emerging environmental risk due to the ineffective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially disinfection residual bacteria (DRB) carrying multidrug-resistant plasmids (MRPs). However, the characteristics of DRB-carried MRPs are poorly understood. In this study, qPCR analysis reveals that the total absolute abundance of four plasmids in postdisinfection effluent decreases by 1.15 log units, while their relative abundance increases by 0.11 copies/cell compared to investigated wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent. We obtain three distinctive DRB-carried MRPs (pWWTP-01-03) from postdisinfection effluent, each carrying 9-11 antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). pWWTP-01 contains all 11 ARGs within an ∼25 Kbp chimeric genomic island showing strong patterns of recombination with MRPs from foodborne outbreaks and hospitals. Antibiotic-, disinfectant-, and heavy-metal-resistant genes on the same plasmid underscore the potential roles of disinfectants and heavy metals in the coselection of ARGs. Additionally, pWWTP-02 harbors an adhesin-type virulence operon, implying risks of both antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity upon entering environments. Furthermore, some MRPs from DRB are capable of transferring and could confer selective advantages to recipients under environmentally relevant antibiotic pressure. Overall, this study advances our understanding of DRB-carried MRPs and highlights the imminent need to monitor and control wastewater MRPs for environmental security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Lin
- Institute of Environmental Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Yi Shuai
- Institute of Environmental Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Shan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jin-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- International Cooperation Base of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health, Science and Technology Agency of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dierick M, Ongena R, Vanrompay D, Devriendt B, Cox E. Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli challenged weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:39. [PMID: 38449023 PMCID: PMC10916201 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+ Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections resulting in post-weaning diarrhoea or oedema disease. Frequently used management strategies, including colistin and zinc oxide, have contributed to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Novel antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being investigated. Lactoferrin has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned piglets. Additionally, we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infection. Therefore, 2 in vivo trials were conducted: a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial, using an F18+ STEC strain. BLF did not affect the α- and β-diversity. However, bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance (RA) for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal mucosa. When analysing the immune response upon infection, the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels, whereas this response was absent in the bLF group. CONCLUSION Taken together, the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on the α- and β-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned piglets. Nevertheless, it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifidobacterium genus, which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis. Furthermore, bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dierick
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruben Ongena
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Kaza P, Xavier BB, Mahindroo J, Singh N, Baker S, Nguyen TNT, Mavuduru RS, Mohan B, Taneja N. Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Northern India. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:7-15. [PMID: 37648492 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp), which is associated with hospital-acquired infections, is extensively drug-resistant (XDR), making treatment difficult. Understanding the genetic epidemiology of XDR-Kp can help determine its potential to be hypervirulent (hv) through the presence of siderophores. We characterized the genomes of 18 colistin-resistant XDR-Kp isolated from 14 patients with complicated tract infection at an Indian healthcare facility. The 18 organisms comprised the following sequence types (STs): ST14 (n = 9), ST147 (n = 5), ST231 (n = 2), ST2096 (n = 1), and ST25 (n = 1). Many patients in each ward were infected with the same ST, suggesting a common source of infection. Some patients had recurrent infections with multiple STs circulating in the ward, providing evidence of hospital transmission. β-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV, and blaampH) were present in all isolates. blaNDM-1 was present in 15 isolates, blaOXA-1 in 16 isolates, blaTEM-1D in 13 isolates, and blaOXA-48 in 3 isolates. Disruption of mgrB by various insertion sequences was responsible for colistin resistance in 6 isolates. The most common K-type among isolates was K2 (n = 10). One XDR convergent hvKp ST2096 mutation (iuc+ybt+blaOXA-1+blaOXA-48) was associated with prolonged hospitalization. Convergent XDR-hvKp has outbreak potential, warranting effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinitha Kaza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Basil Britto Xavier
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaspreet Mahindroo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - To Nguyen Thi Nguyen
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam
| | | | - Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
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Alvarez L, Carhuaricra D, Palomino-Farfan J, Calle S, Maturrano L, Siuce J. Genomic Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant Swine Escherichia coli and Clonal Relationship to Human Isolates in Peru. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1748. [PMID: 38136782 PMCID: PMC10740509 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics is accelerating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals. The genomes of ten multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates from pigs were analyzed to determine their sequence types, serotypes, virulence, and AMR genes (ARGs). Additionally, the relationship was evaluated adding all the available genomes of Peruvian E. coli from humans using the cgMLST + HierCC scheme. Two aEPEC O186:H11-ST29 were identified, of which H11 and ST29 are reported in aEPEC isolates from different sources. An isolate ETEC-O149:H10-ST100 was identified, considered a high-risk clone that is frequently reported in different countries as a cause of diarrhea in piglets. One ExPEC O101:H11-ST167 was identified, for which ST167 is an international high-risk clone related to urinary infections in humans. We identified many ARGs, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, and one ETEC harboring the mcr-1 gene. CgMLST + HierCC analysis differentiated three clusters, and in two, the human isolates were grouped with those of swine in the same cluster. We observed that Peruvian swine MDR E. coli cluster with Peruvian E. coli isolates from healthy humans and from clinical cases, which is of great public health concern and evidence that AMR surveillance should be strengthened based on the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alvarez
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
| | - Dennis Carhuaricra
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (D.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Joel Palomino-Farfan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Calle
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
| | - Lenin Maturrano
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (D.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Juan Siuce
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
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Biswas U, Das S, Barik M, Mallick A. Situation Report on mcr-Carrying Colistin-Resistant Clones of Enterobacterales: A Global Update Through Human-Animal-Environment Interfaces. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:12. [PMID: 37989899 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In the twenty-first century, antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the acute medical emergencies around the globe, overwhelming human-animal-environmental interfaces. Hit-or-mis use of antibiotics exacerbates the crisis of ABR, dispersing transferable resistance traits and challenging treatment regimens based on life-saving drugs such as colistin. Colistin is the highest priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, but its long use as a growth promoter in animal husbandry reduces clinical efficacy. Since 2015, the emergence and spread of mobile colistin resistance (mcr)-carrying colistin-resistant clones of Enterobacterales have been markedly sustained in both humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Hospital and community transmissions of mcr clones pose a high risk for infection prevention and outbreaks at the national and international levels. Several public health and limited one health studies have highlighted the genomic insights of mcr clones, clarifying the chromosomal sequence types (STs) and plasmid incompatibility (Inc) types. But this information is segregated into humans and animals, and rarely are environmental sectors complicating the understanding of possibly intercontinental and sectoral transmission of these clones. India is the hotspot for superbugs, including mcr-carrying colistin-resistant isolates that threaten cross-border transmission. The current review provided an up-to-date worldwide scenario of mcr-carrying STs and plasmid Inc types among the Gram-negative bacilli of Enterobacterales across human-animal-environmental interfaces and correlated with the available information from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmy Biswas
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Surojit Das
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
| | - Mili Barik
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Abhi Mallick
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
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Huang YT, Mao YC, Tseng CH, Liu CW, Liu PY. Identification of combinatorial mutations associated with colistin resistance in Shewanella algae. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105143. [PMID: 37085044 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used to treat infections caused by drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying colistin resistance in Shewanella algae are not well understood. In this study, we sequenced and compared the genomes of 23 mcr-negative colistin-resistant and sensitive S. algae samples from various sources. We applied a computational approach to identify combinatorial mutations associated with colistin resistance. Our analysis revealed a combination of three mutations (PmrB 451, PmrE168, PmrH292) that were strongly associated with colistin resistance in S. algae. This study provides insights into the genetic mechanisms of colistin resistance in S. algae and demonstrates the utility of a computational approach for identifying epistatic interactions among mutations. Identifying the genetic mutations responsible for colistin resistance in S. algae can inform the development of new treatments or strategies to combat infections caused by this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Daxue Road Section 1, Minxiong Township, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Xitun District, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hao Tseng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Xitun District, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Xitun District, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4, Xitun District, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Section 4. Xitun District, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
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7
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Abd El-Hack ME, Abdelnour SA, Kamal M, Khafaga AF, Shakoori AM, Bagadood RM, Naffadi HM, Alyahyawi AY, Khojah H, Alghamdi S, Jaremko M, Świątkiewicz S. Lactoferrin: Antimicrobial impacts, genomic guardian, therapeutic uses and clinical significance for humans and animals. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114967. [PMID: 37290189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein found in several bodily fluids, such as milk. This protein has a diverse range of functions and is evolutionarily conserved. Lactoferrin is a multifunction protein with distinct biological abilities affecting mammals' immune structures. Reports indicated that the daily uptake of LF from dairy products is unsatisfactory in detecting further health-promoting abilities. Research has shown that it protects against infection, mitigates cellular senescence, and improves nutritional quality. Additionally, LF is being studied as a potential treatment for various diseases and conditions, including gastrointestinal issues and infections. Studies have also demonstrated its effectiveness against various viruses and bacteria. In this article, we'll look closer at the structure of LF and its various biological activities, including its antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporotic, detoxifying, and immunomodulatory properties. More specifically, the protective effect of LF against oxidative DNA damage was also clarified through its ability to abolish DNA damaging issues without interfacing with host genetic material. Fortification with LF protects mitochondria dysfunction syndromes via sustaining redox status and biogenesis and suppressing apoptosis and autophagy singling. Additionally, we'll examine the potential benefits of lactoferrin and provide an overview of recent clinical trials conducted to examine its use in laboratory and living models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Afnan M Shakoori
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M Bagadood
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind M Naffadi
- Department of medical genetics,college of medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Y Alyahyawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Khojah
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of clinical pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao W, Zeng W, Pang B, Luo M, Peng Y, Xu J, Kan B, Li Z, Lu X. Oxford nanopore long-read sequencing enables the generation of complete bacterial and plasmid genomes without short-read sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1179966. [PMID: 37256057 PMCID: PMC10225699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1179966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genome-based analysis is crucial in monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB)and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Short-read sequencing is typically used to obtain incomplete draft genomes, while long-read sequencing can obtain genomes of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids and track the transmission of plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria. However, long-read sequencing suffers from low-accuracy base calling, and short-read sequencing is often required to improve genome accuracy. This increases costs and turnaround time. Methods In this study, a novel ONT sequencing method is described, which uses the latest ONT chemistry with improved accuracy to assemble genomes of MDR strains and plasmids from long-read sequencing data only. Three strains of Salmonella carrying MDR plasmids were sequenced using the ONT SQK-LSK114 kit with flow cell R10.4.1, and de novo genome assembly was performed with average read accuracy (Q > 10) of 98.9%. Results and Discussion For a 5-Mb-long bacterial genome, finished genome sequences with accuracy of >99.99% could be obtained at 75× sequencing coverage depth using Flye and Medaka software. Thus, this new ONT method greatly improves base-calling accuracy, allowing for the de novo assembly of high-quality finished bacterial or plasmid genomes without the need for short-read sequencing. This saves both money and time and supports the application of ONT data in critical genome-based epidemiological analyses. The novel ONT approach described in this study can take the place of traditional combination genome assembly based on short- and long-read sequencing, enabling pangenomic analyses based on high-quality complete bacterial and plasmid genomes to monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Zhao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Pang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Yulin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yulin, Shanxi, China
| | - Yao Peng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Lee S, An JU, Kim WH, Yi S, Lee J, Cho S. Different threats posed by two major mobilized colistin resistance genes - mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1 - revealed through comparative genomic analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 32:50-57. [PMID: 36572149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Global spread of mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr)-carrying Escherichia coli poses serious threats to public health. This study aimed to provide insights into different threats posed by two major mcr variants: mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1. METHODS Genetic backgrounds and characteristics of mobile genetic elements carrying mcr-1.1 or mcr-3.1 in 74 (mcr)-carrying E. coli isolated from swine farms were analysed, and comparative genomic analysis was performed with the public sequence database. RESULTS The mcr-1.1 showed high horizontal transferability (6.30 logCFU/ml). Genetic background of mcr-1.1, including genetic cassette/plasmid, was transferred without insertion sequences (ISs) and/or multi-drug resistance (MDR) and highly shared across strains. The major mcr-1.1-cassette was "mcr-1.1-pap2", mainly encoded in IncI2 and IncX4. Mcr-3.1 exhibited relatively lower conjugation frequency (0.97 logCFU/ml). The mcr-3.1-cassette was flanked by IS26 and was highly variable across strains because of the insertion, deletion, or truncation of IS6100, IS4321, or IS5075. Near the mcr-3.1 cassette, MDR regions consisting of antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance genes were identified, which varied across strains. From the MCR3-E13 strain, a mcr-3.1-carrying IncHI2-fragment was integrated into the bacterial chromosome via IS26-mediated co-integration. To our knowledge, this was the first study to describe that a mcr-3.1-carrying plasmid could be inserted into the bacterial chromosome. CONCLUSIONS Based on high horizontal transferability, mcr-1.1 could play a major role on colistin resistance propagation. On the other hand, mcr-3.1 could be transmitted with MDR and have dual pathways mediated by plasmid transfer (horizontal transmission) and chromosomal insertion (vertical transmission), enabling it to proliferate stably despite its lower horizontal transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saehah Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbum Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kothari A, Kumar P, Gaurav A, Kaushal K, Pandey A, Yadav SRM, Jain N, Omar BJ. Association of antibiotics and heavy metal arsenic to horizontal gene transfer from multidrug-resistant clinical strains to antibiotic-sensitive environmental strains. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130260. [PMID: 36327832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is currently posing a significant threat to global public health. By testing for resistance to different antibiotic classes, we discovered that the majority of clinical bacteria are multidrug-resistant. These clinical multidrug-resistant species have antibiotic resistance genes on their plasmids that can be horizontally transferred to various antibiotic susceptible environmental bacterial species, resulting in antibiotic-resistant transconjugates. Furthermore, we discovered that the presence of an optimal concentration of antibiotics or heavy metal (arsenic) facilitates horizontal gene transfer through the formation of transconjugants. Notably, the addition of a conjugation inhibitor (2-hexadecynoic acid, a synthetic fatty acid) completely blocked the formation of antibiotic or arsenic-induced transconjugants. We discovered a high level of arsenic in water from the Shukratal region, Uttarakhand, India, which corresponded to a high serum level of arsenic in clinically infected individuals from the Shukratal region compared to other locations in Uttarakhand. Importantly, bacterial strains isolated from infected people who drink water from the Shukratal region with high arsenic levels were found to be more antibiotic-resistant than strains isolated from other sites. We discovered that bacterial strains isolated from individuals with high serum arsenic levels are significantly more resistant to antibiotics than individuals with low serum arsenic levels within the Shurkratal. This research sheds light on imminent threats to global health in which improper clinical, industrial, and other waste disposal, increased antibiotic concentrations in the environment, and increased human interference can easily transform commensal and pathogenic bacteria found in environmental niches into life-threatening multidrug-resistant superbugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | | | - Karanvir Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Atul Pandey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Neeraj Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India; Division of Cancer Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - Balram Ji Omar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India.
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11
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Ben Haj Yahia A, Tayh G, Landolsi S, Maamar E, Galai N, Landoulsi Z, Messadi L. First Report of OXA-48 and IMP Genes Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheic Calves in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:150-162. [PMID: 36695709 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to human and animal health. Evidence suggests that the overuse of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant isolates. The objective of this study was to assess the rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in calf feces and to characterize their resistance genes for antibiotics like beta-lactams and colistin, but also to determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 100 diarrheic calves in the region of Bizerte, Tunisia. After isolation, E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Characterization of β-lactamase genes and determination of associated resistance genes were performed by polymerase chain reaction. Among 71 E. coli isolates, 26 (36.6%) strains were ESBL-producing. Most of these isolates were multidrug-resistant (92.3%) and the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26), blaSHV (n = 11), and blaTEM (n = 8), whereas only 1 isolate carried the blaCMY gene. In addition, resistance to carbapenems was detected in two isolates; one of them harbored both blaOXA-48 and blaIMP genes and the other isolate carried only the blaIMP gene. Several resistance genes were identified for the first time in Tunisia from cases of diarrheic calves. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detection and identification of carbapenem resistance genes and virulence genes from calves in North Africa. A high occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli recovered from fecal samples of calves with diarrhea was observed, highlighting the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine to decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria for both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ben Haj Yahia
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ghassan Tayh
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie.,Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sarrah Landolsi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Elaa Maamar
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Nejia Galai
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
| | - Zbaida Landoulsi
- Office des Terres Domaniales, Agrocombinat Ghezala, Mateur, Tunisie
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisie
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12
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Obaidat MM, Tarazi YH, AlSmadi WM. Sheep and goats are reservoirs of colistin resistant
Escherichia coli
that co‐resist critically important antimicrobials: First study from Jordan. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
| | - Yaser H. Tarazi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
| | - Walaa M. AlSmadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Ar‐Ramtha, Irbid Jordan
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13
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Lactoferrin Decreases Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Fluid Secretion and Bacterial Adhesion in the Porcine Small Intestine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091778. [PMID: 36145526 PMCID: PMC9504966 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are one of the most prevalent causes of post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, resulting in morbidity, mortality and elevated use of antibiotics. The emergence and further spread of antimicrobial resistance together with the growing demand for high quality animal protein requires the identification of novel alternatives for antimicrobials. A promising alternative is lactoferrin, as we previously showed that it can both inhibit the growth and degrade bacterial virulence factors of porcine ETEC strains in vitro. Aiming to confirm these findings in vivo, we performed a small intestinal segment perfusion experiment in piglets. Here, we showed that lactoferrin could not only decrease ETEC-induced fluid secretion, but also their ability to colonize the small intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, while ETEC infection induced pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in this experiment, lactoferrin was not able to counteract these responses. In addition, a bacterial motility assay showed that lactoferrin can reduce the motility of ETEC. Our findings further support the use of lactoferrin as an alternative for antimicrobials and also show its potential for the prevention of ETEC infections in pigs.
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14
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Dawan J, Ahn J. Bacterial Stress Responses as Potential Targets in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071385. [PMID: 35889104 PMCID: PMC9322497 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can be adapted to adverse and detrimental conditions that induce general and specific responses to DNA damage as well as acid, heat, cold, starvation, oxidative, envelope, and osmotic stresses. The stress-triggered regulatory systems are involved in bacterial survival processes, such as adaptation, physiological changes, virulence potential, and antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility to several antibiotics is reduced due to the activation of stress responses in cellular physiology by the stimulation of resistance mechanisms, the promotion of a resistant lifestyle (biofilm or persistence), and/or the induction of resistance mutations. Hence, the activation of bacterial stress responses poses a serious threat to the efficacy and clinical success of antibiotic therapy. Bacterial stress responses can be potential targets for therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. An understanding of the regulation of stress response in association with antibiotic resistance provides useful information for the discovery of novel antimicrobial adjuvants and the development of effective therapeutic strategies to control antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Therefore, this review discusses bacterial stress responses linked to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and also provides information on novel therapies targeting bacterial stress responses that have been identified as potential candidates for the effective control of Gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Dawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea;
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6564
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15
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Khuntayaporn P, Thirapanmethee K, Chomnawang MT. An Update of Mobile Colistin Resistance in Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:882236. [PMID: 35782127 PMCID: PMC9248837 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.882236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin, the last resort for multidrug and extensively drug-resistant bacterial infection treatment, was reintroduced after being avoided in clinical settings from the 1970s to the 1990s because of its high toxicity. Colistin is considered a crucial treatment option for Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are listed as critical priority pathogens for new antibiotics by the World Health Organization. The resistance mechanisms of colistin are considered to be chromosomally encoded, and no horizontal transfer has been reported. Nevertheless, in November 2015, a transmissible resistance mechanism of colistin, called mobile colistin resistance (MCR), was discovered. Up to ten families with MCR and more than 100 variants of Gram-negative bacteria have been reported worldwide. Even though few have been reported from Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp., it is important to closely monitor the epidemiology of mcr genes in these pathogens. Therefore, this review focuses on the most recent update on colistin resistance and the epidemiology of mcr genes among non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli, especially Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyatip Khuntayaporn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Piyatip Khuntayaporn,
| | - Krit Thirapanmethee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mullika Traidej Chomnawang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Group (AmRIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Lee S, An JU, Woo J, Song H, Yi S, Kim WH, Lee JH, Ryu S, Cho S. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Clonal Distribution of Escherichia coli Carrying Mobilized Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1.1 in Swine Farms and Their Differences According to Swine Production Stages. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:873856. [PMID: 35602044 PMCID: PMC9121016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.873856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Global spread of Escherichia coli strains carrying the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1.1 (MCR1-EC) poses serious threats to public health. Colistin has been generally prescribed for swine colibacillosis, having made swine farms as major reservoirs of MCR1-EC. The present study aimed to understand characteristic differences of MCR1-EC, including prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence, according to swine production stages. In addition, genetic relatedness was evaluated between MCR1-EC isolated from this study as well as pig-, human-, and chicken-derived strains published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), based on the multi-locus sequence types (MLSTs) and whole-genome sequences (WGS). Individual fecal samples (n = 331) were collected from asymptomatic weaning-piglets, growers, finishers, and sows from 10 farrow-to-finishing farms in South Korea between 2017 and 2019. The weighted prevalence of MCR1-EC was 11.6% (95% CI: 8.9%–15.0%, 55/331), with the highest prevalence at weaning stage. The 96.2% of MCR1-EC showed multi-drug resistance. Notably, weaning stage-derived MCR1-EC showed higher resistance rates (e.g., against extended-spectrum β-lactams or quinolones) than those from other stages. MCR1-EC with virulence advantages (e.g., intestinal/extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli or robust biofilm formation) were identified from all pig stages, accounting for nearly half of the total strains. WGS-based in-depth characterization showed that intestinal pathogenic MCR1-EC harbored multi-drug resistance and multiple virulence factors, which were highly shared between strains isolated from pigs of different stages. The clonal distribution of MCR1-EC was shared within swine farms but rarely across farms. The major clonal type of MCR1-EC from swine farms and NCBI database was ST10-A. Core genomes of MCR1-EC isolated from individuals within closed environments (same farms or human hospitals) were highly shared (genetic distance < 0.01), suggesting a high probability of clonal expansion of MCR1-EC within closed environments such as livestock husbandry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the differences in the characteristics and clonal distribution of MCR1-EC according to production stages in swine farms, an important reservoir of MCR1-EC. Our results highlight the need to establish MCR1-EC control plans in swine farms based on an in-depth understanding of MCR1-EC characteristics according to swine production stages, focusing especially on the weaning stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JungHa Woo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saehah Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seongbeom Cho,
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17
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Li P, Zhan LI, Wang H, Gao W, Gao L, Lv S, Zhang X, Zhu G, Yan Y. First Identification and Limited Dissemination of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance in Salmonella Isolates from Jiaxing. J Food Prot 2022; 85:213-219. [PMID: 34648627 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salmonella, a major foodborne pathogen, causes severe gastrointestinal disease in people and animals worldwide. Plasmid-borne mcr-1, which confers colistin resistance in Salmonella, has significant epidemiological interest for public health safety. Here, we report the first evidence of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in one multidrug-resistant strain, 16062, from 355 Salmonella isolates collected for Jiaxing foodborne pathogen monitoring in Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2019. In addition to colistin, 16062 displayed multidrug resistance to various antimicrobials (β-lactams, quinolone, sulfonamide, florfenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, aminoglycoside, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). The mcr-1-carrying IncX4 plasmid (p16062-MCR) in this study shares a conserved structure with other mcr-IncX4 plasmids. We found that other antimicrobial-resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, and cmlA1) are located on p16062-cmlA, an atypical IncHI2 plasmid, in isolate 16062. This is the first identification of transferable colistin resistance in a foodborne Salmonella isolate collected in Jiaxing City, the 5-year monitoring of which revealed limited dissemination. By determining the genetic features of the plasmid vehicle, the characteristics of transferable mcr genes circulating in isolates from Jiaxing are now clearer. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
| | - L I Zhan
- Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Henghui Wang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
| | - Lei Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
| | - Shencong Lv
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
| | - Yong Yan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing 314050, China; and
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18
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Gambi L, Crippa C, Lucchi A, De Cesare A, Parisi A, Manfreda G, Pasquali F. The resistome of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler carcasses “produced without the use of antibiotics”. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101770. [PMID: 35240351 PMCID: PMC8892001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been in place in food animal production to reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents. Beyond the monitoring of their use, the evaluation of the effect of these strategies on the occurrence and types of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated genes is crucial to untangle the potential emergence and spread of AMR to humans through the food chain. In the present study, the occurrence of these genes was evaluated in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler carcasses “produced without the use of antibiotics” in 3 antibiotic-free (AB-free) farms in Italy in 2019. Sequenced data were analyzed along with publicly available genomes of E. coli collected in Italy from the broiler food chain from previous years (2017–2018). The genetic relationships among all 93 genomes were assessed on de novo assemblies by in silico MLST and SNP calling. Moreover, the resistomes of all genomes were investigated. According to SNP calling, genomes were gathered in three clades. Clade A encompassed, among others, ST117, ST8070, and ST1011 genomes. ST10 belonged to clade B, whereas Clade C included ST58, ST297, ST1101, and ST23 among others. Regarding the occurrence of AMR genes, a statistically significant lower occurrence of these genes in the genomes of this study in comparison to the public genomes was observed considering the whole group of genes as well as genes specifically conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, phenicols, trimethoprim, and lincosamides. Moreover, significant reductions were observed by comparing the whole group of AMR associated mutations, as well as those specifically for fluoroquinolones and fosfomycin resistance. Although the identification of 3° generation cephalosporin resistance associated genes in AB-free E. coli is a concern, this study provides a first indication of the impact of a more prudent use of antimicrobial agents on the occurrence of AMR genes in Italian broiler production chain. More studies are needed in next years on a higher number of genomes to confirm this preliminary observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gambi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Crippa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alex Lucchi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata, Putignano (Bari), 70017, Italy
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Frédérique Pasquali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy.
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19
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Deep Mutational Scanning Reveals the Active-Site Sequence Requirements for the Colistin Antibiotic Resistance Enzyme MCR-1. mBio 2021; 12:e0277621. [PMID: 34781730 PMCID: PMC8593676 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02776-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin (polymyxin E) and polymyxin B have been used as last-resort agents for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, their efficacy has been challenged by the emergence of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1, which encodes a transmembrane phosphoethanolamine (PEA) transferase enzyme, MCR-1. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the cationic PEA moiety of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to lipid A, thereby neutralizing the negative charge of lipid A and blocking the binding of positively charged polymyxins. This study aims to facilitate understanding of the mechanism of the MCR-1 enzyme by investigating its active-site sequence requirements. For this purpose, 23 active-site residues of MCR-1 protein were randomized by constructing single-codon randomization libraries. The libraries were individually selected for supporting Escherichia coli cell growth in the presence of colistin or polymyxin B. Deep sequencing of the polymyxin-resistant clones revealed that wild-type residues predominates at 17 active-site residue positions, indicating these residues play critical roles in MCR-1 function. These residues include Zn2+-chelating residues as well as residues that may form a hydrogen bond network with the PEA moiety or make hydrophobic interactions with the acyl chains of PE. Any mutations at these residues significantly decrease polymyxin resistance levels and the PEA transferase activity of the MCR-1 enzyme. Therefore, deep sequencing of the randomization libraries of MCR-1 enzyme identifies active-site residues that are essential for its polymyxin resistance function. Thus, these residues may be utilized as targets to develop inhibitors to circumvent MCR-1-mediated polymyxin resistance.
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20
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Valiakos G, Kapna I. Colistin Resistant mcr Genes Prevalence in Livestock Animals (Swine, Bovine, Poultry) from a Multinational Perspective. A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2021; 8:265. [PMID: 34822638 PMCID: PMC8619609 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to collect and present the results of relevant studies on an international level, on the subject of colistin resistance due to mcr genes prevalence in livestock animals. After a literature search, and using PRISMA guidelines principles, a total of 40 swine, 16 bovine and 31 poultry studies were collected concerning mcr-1 gene; five swine, three bovine and three poultry studies referred to mcr-2 gene; eight swine, one bovine, two poultry studies were about mcr-3 gene; six swine, one bovine and one poultry manuscript studied mcr-4 gene; five swine manuscripts studied mcr-5 gene; one swine manuscript was about mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9 genes and one poultry study about mcr-10 gene was found. Information about colistin resistance in bacteria derived from animals and animal product foods is still considered limited and that should be continually enhanced; most of the information about clinical isolates are relative to enteropathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. This review demonstrates the widespread dispersion of mcr genes to livestock animals, indicating the need to further increase measures to control this important threat for public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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21
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Xi W, Liu S, Liu J, Mu H, Chen B, He H, Fan Y, Ma W, Zhang W, Fu M, Wang J, Song X. Genetic Features of Plasmid- and Chromosome-Mediated mcr-1 in Escherichia coli Isolates From Animal Organs With Lesions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707332. [PMID: 34456890 PMCID: PMC8386294 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic context of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from animal feces has been widely reported. However, less is known about the mcr-1-carrying plasmid characteristics and other functional regions of Escherichia coli isolates from animal organs with lesions. The present study investigated the antimicrobial resistance, population structure, and genetic features of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from animal organs with lesions. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 24 mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to at least three or all antimicrobial categories. MLST analysis suggested that the dominant clone complexes (CC) were mainly CC156, CC448, and CC10. In addition, ST10596, a newly discovered sequence type in swine, failed to be classified. Meanwhile, the mcr-1 gene located on the different plasmids was successfully transferred to the recipients, and whole-genome sequencing indicated the mcr-1 gene was embedded in mcr-1-pap2 cassette but not flanked by ISApl1. The mcr-1 gene is located on the chromosome and embedded in Tn6330. Furthermore, NDM-5 was found on the IncX3-type plasmid of J-8. The virB6 and traI gene of type IV secretion system (T4SS) were truncated by IS2 and IS100 and located on the IncX4- and the IncHI2/HI2A/N-type plasmids, respectively. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) region of IncHI2/HI2A/N-type plasmids contained two class 1 integrons (In0, In640) and four composite transposons (Tn4352, Tn6010, cn_4692_IS26, cn_6354_IS26). Overall, 24 mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolates in our study showed MDR, or even extensively drug resistant (XDR), and exhibited population diversity. The T4SS gene truncation by the insertion sequence may affect the efficiency of plasmid conjugative transfer. Furthermore, the class 1 integrons and composite transposons in the MDR region of IncHI2/HI2A/n-type plasmid contributed to the multireplicon plasmid formation, the acquisition, and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Qingdao Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center, China Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangshi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hailong Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingzhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Josephs-Spaulding J, Krogh TJ, Rettig HC, Lyng M, Chkonia M, Waschina S, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Møller-Jensen J, Kaleta C. Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: Unraveling the Complicated Environment of Uncomplicated rUTIs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:562525. [PMID: 34368008 PMCID: PMC8340884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.562525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent in humans, affecting the upper and lower urinary tract. Present diagnosis relies on the positive culture of uropathogenic bacteria from urine and clinical markers of inflammation of the urinary tract. The bladder is constantly challenged by adverse environmental stimuli which influence urinary tract physiology, contributing to a dysbiotic environment. Simultaneously, pathogens are primed by environmental stressors such as antibiotics, favoring recurrent UTIs (rUTIs), resulting in chronic illness. Due to different confounders for UTI onset, a greater understanding of the fundamental environmental mechanisms and microbial ecology of the human urinary tract is required. Such advancements could promote the tandem translation of bench and computational studies for precision treatments and clinical management of UTIs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the ecological interactions of the human urogenital microbial communities which precede rUTIs. This review aims to outline the mechanistic aspects of rUTI ecology underlying dysbiosis between both the human microbiome and host physiology which predisposes humans to rUTIs. By assessing the applications of next generation and systems level methods, we also recommend novel approaches to elucidate the systemic consequences of rUTIs which requires an integrated approach for successful treatment. To this end, we will provide an outlook towards the so-called 'uncomplicated environment of UTIs', a holistic and systems view that applies ecological principles to define patient-specific UTIs. This perspective illustrates the need to withdraw from traditional reductionist perspectives in infection biology and instead, a move towards a systems-view revolving around patient-specific pathophysiology during UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thøger Jensen Krogh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hannah Clara Rettig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mark Lyng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mariam Chkonia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silvio Waschina
- Research Group Nutriinformatics, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jakob Møller-Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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Timmermans M, Wattiau P, Denis O, Boland C. Colistin resistance genes mcr-1 to mcr-5, including a case of triple occurrence (mcr-1, -3 and -5), in Escherichia coli isolates from faeces of healthy pigs, cattle and poultry in Belgium, 2012-2016. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 57:106350. [PMID: 33910096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB). The emergence of colistin resistance, particularly linked to mobile genetic elements including the mcr genes, is a major threat to the management of MDR-GNB infections. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of mcr genes in a collection of 40 colistin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy pigs, cattle and poultry in Belgium between 2012 and 2016. All isolates carried at least one mcr gene. The genes mcr-1 to -5 were observed in this collection. Different replicons associated with mcr genes were identified, including IncHI2/IncHI2A associated with mcr-1, IncX4 associated with mcr-1 and mcr-2, and ColE10 associated with mcr-4. While the occurrence of multiple mcr genes in a single isolate has rarely been reported elsewhere, a triple occurrence (mcr-1, -3 and -5) was found in this study. All isolates were MDR and carried between one and nine different replicons. Seventeen different sequence types were observed among the 40 E. coli isolates. In conclusion, this study revealed the presence of a reservoir of mobile colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to -5) observed during at least 5 years (2012-2016) in the commensal gut flora of pigs, cattle and poultry in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Timmermans
- Veterinary Bacteriology, Sciensano, Ixelles, Belgium; Faculté de médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Denis
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, National Reference Center for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Cécile Boland
- Veterinary Bacteriology, Sciensano, Ixelles, Belgium.
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Ejaz H, Younas S, Qamar MU, Junaid K, Abdalla AE, Abosalif KOA, Alameen AAM, Elamir MYM, Ahmad N, Hamam SSM, Salem EHM, Bukhari SNA. Molecular Epidemiology of Extensively Drug-Resistant mcr Encoded Colistin-Resistant Bacterial Strains Co-Expressing Multifarious β-Lactamases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040467. [PMID: 33923991 PMCID: PMC8073099 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr genes endangers the last therapeutic option for multifarious β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The current study aimed to explore the mcr gene molecular epidemiology in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Col-R gram-negative bacterial strains were screened using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoint ≥4 µg/mL. Resistant isolates were examined for mcr variants, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MIC breakpoints for mcr-positive strains were determined using broth microdilution and E-test strips. Overall, 19/718 (2.6%) gram-negative rods (GNRs) harboring mcr were identified, particularly in pus (p = 0.01) and tracheal secretions (p = 0.03). Molecular epidemiology data confirmed 18/19 (95%) mcr-1 and 1/19 (5%) mcr-2 genes. Integron detection revealed 15/17 (88%) Int-1 and 2/17 (12%) Int-2. Common co-expressing drug-resistant β-lactamase genes included 8/16 (50%) blaCTM-1, 3/16 (19%) blaCTM-15, 3/3 (100%) blaCMY-2, 2/8 (25%) blaNDM-1, and 2/8 (25%) blaNDM-5. The MIC50 and MIC90 values (µg/mL) were as follows: Escherichia coli, 12 and 24; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12 and 32; Acinetobacter baumannii, 8 and 12; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 32 and 64, respectively. Treatment of XDR strains has become challenging owing to the co-expression of mcr-1, mcr-2, multifarious β-lactamase genes, and integrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-55-762-5174
| | - Sonia Younas
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Kamoke, District Gujranwala, Kamoke 50661, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Khalid Omer Abdalla Abosalif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Mohammed Yagoub Mohammed Elamir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.); (A.E.A.); (K.O.A.A.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.Y.M.E.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sanaa Samir Mohamed Hamam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 32511, Egypt; (S.S.M.H.); (E.H.M.S.)
| | - Eman Hosney Mohammed Salem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 32511, Egypt; (S.S.M.H.); (E.H.M.S.)
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia;
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Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
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Porcine and Bovine Forms of Lactoferrin Inhibit Growth of Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Degrade Its Virulence Factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00524-20. [PMID: 32631861 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00524-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) is an economically important, multifactorial disease affecting pigs within the first 2 weeks after weaning. The most common agent associated with PWD is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Currently, antibiotics are used to control PWD, and this has most likely contributed to an increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains. This puts pressure on veterinarians and farmers to decrease or even abandon the use of antibiotics, but these measures need to be supported by alternative strategies for controlling these infections. Naturally derived molecules, such as lactoferrin, could be potential candidates due to their antibacterial or immune-modulating activities. Here, we analyzed the ability of bovine lactoferrin (bLF), porcine lactoferrin (pLF), and ovotransferrin (ovoTF) to inhibit ETEC growth, degrade ETEC virulence factors, and inhibit adherence of these pathogens to porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Our results revealed that bLF and pLF, but not ovoTF, inhibit the growth of ETEC. Furthermore, bLF and pLF can degrade several virulence factors produced by ETEC strains, more specifically F4 fimbriae, F18 fimbriae, and flagellin. On the other hand, ovoTF degrades F18 fimbriae and flagellin but not F4 fimbriae. An in vitro adhesion assay showed that bLF, ovoTF, and pLF can decrease the number of bacteria adherent to epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate that lactoferrin can directly affect porcine ETEC strains, which could allow lactoferrin to serve as an alternative to antimicrobials for the prevention of ETEC infections in piglets.IMPORTANCE Currently, postweaning F4+ and F18+ Escherichia coli infections in piglets are controlled by the use of antibiotics and zinc oxide, but the use of these antimicrobial agents most likely contributes to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Our work demonstrates that bovine and porcine lactoferrin can inhibit the growth of porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli strains. In addition, we also show that lactoferrin can reduce the adherence of these strains to small intestinal epithelial cells, even at a concentration that does not inhibit bacterial growth. This research could allow us to develop lactoferrin as an alternative strategy to prevent enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) infections in piglets.
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Zrimec J. Multiple plasmid origin-of-transfer regions might aid the spread of antimicrobial resistance to human pathogens. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1129. [PMID: 33111499 PMCID: PMC7755788 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a great danger to humanity, in part due to the widespread horizontal gene transfer of plasmids via conjugation. Modeling of plasmid transfer is essential to uncovering the fundamentals of resistance transfer and for the development of predictive measures to limit the spread of resistance. However, a major limitation in the current understanding of plasmids is the incomplete characterization of the conjugative DNA transfer mechanisms, which conceals the actual potential for plasmid transfer in nature. Here, we consider that the plasmid-borne origin-of-transfer substrates encode specific DNA structural properties that can facilitate finding these regions in large datasets and develop a DNA structure-based alignment procedure for typing the transfer substrates that outperforms sequence-based approaches. Thousands of putative DNA transfer substrates are identified, showing that plasmid mobility can be twofold higher and span almost twofold more host species than is currently known. Over half of all putative mobile plasmids contain the means for mobilization by conjugation systems belonging to different mobility groups, which can hypothetically link previously confined host ranges across ecological habitats into a robust plasmid transfer network. This hypothetical network is found to facilitate the transfer of antimicrobial resistance from environmental genetic reservoirs to human pathogens, which might be an important driver of the observed rapid resistance development in humans and thus an important point of focus for future prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zrimec
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Koutsianos D, Athanasiou LV, Dimitriou T, Nikolaidis M, Tsadila C, Amoutzias G, Mossialos D, Koutoulis KC. Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and mcr-1 Detection in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Commercial Layer and Layer Breeder Flocks Demonstrating Colibacillosis in Greece. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:710-720. [PMID: 32955987 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry flocks suffering from colibacillosis in Greece and to detect the presence of the mcr-1 gene in isolates being phenotypically resistant to colistin. Results: A total of 150 E. coli strains were isolated from commercial layers and layer breeder flocks in Greece and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. A high level of susceptibility was revealed for cephalosporins, neomycin, and colistin. Susceptibility varied for other antimicrobials (tetracycline, doxycycline, lincospectin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin), whereas no susceptibility was reported for macrolides, tiamulin, lincomycin, oxacillin. Concerning colistin resistance, 20 E. coli strains were found to be phenotypically resistant (13 strains showed intermediate resistance pattern and 7 strains fully resistance trait). Further investigation was performed by PCR, which has revealed the presence of the mcr-1 gene in one phenotypically colistin-resistant isolate. Conclusion: AMR is prevalent in layer poultry production, including resistance against colistin confirmed by the presence of the mcr-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Koutsianos
- Department of Poultry Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Labrini V Athanasiou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Tilemachos Dimitriou
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Tsadila
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Grigorios Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C Koutoulis
- Department of Poultry Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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Liu X, Geng S, Chan EWC, Chen S. Increased prevalence of Escherichia coli strains from food carrying bla NDM and mcr-1-bearing plasmids that structurally resemble those of clinical strains, China, 2015 to 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30940314 PMCID: PMC6446510 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.13.1800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Emergence of resistance determinants of blaNDM and mcr-1 has undermined the antimicrobial effectiveness of the last line drugs carbapenems and colistin. Aim This work aimed to assess the prevalence of blaNDM and mcr-1 in E. coli strains collected from food in Shenzhen, China, during the period 2015 to 2017. Methods Multidrug-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from food samples. Plasmids encoding mcr-1 or blaNDM genes were characterised and compared with plasmids found in clinical isolates. Results Among 1,166 non-repeated cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains isolated from 2,147 food samples, 390 and 42, respectively, were resistant to colistin and meropenem, with five strains being resistant to both agents. The rate of resistance to colistin increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 26% in 2015 to 46% in 2017, and that of meropenem resistance also increased sharply from 0.3% in 2015 to 17% in 2017 (p < 0.01). All meropenem-resistant strains carried a plasmid-borne blaNDM gene. Among the colistin-resistant strains, three types of mcr-1-bearing plasmids were determined. Plasmid sequencing indicated that these mcr-1 and blaNDM-bearing plasmids were structurally similar to those commonly recovered from clinical isolates. Interestingly, both mcr-1-bearing and blaNDM-bearing plasmids were transferrable to E. coli strain J53 under selection by meropenem, yet only mcr-1-bearing plasmids were transferrable under colistin selection. Conclusion These findings might suggest that mobile elements harbouring mcr-1 and blaNDM have been acquired by animal strains and transmitted to our food products, highlighting a need to prevent a spike in the rate of drug resistant food-borne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.,Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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30
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Li X, Li L, Yu L, Liu S, Liu L, Wei X, Song Y, Liu C, Jiang M, Wang F. Prevalence of avian-origin mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli with a potential risk to humans in Tai'an, China. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5118-5126. [PMID: 32988550 PMCID: PMC7598320 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli are responsible for difficult-to-treat infections. We sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MDR E. coli strains isolated from poultry and clinical patients in the same geographical region. Eighty-seven E. coli strains were isolated from poultry with perihepatitis lesions at different slaughterhouses, and 356 nonrepetitive E. coli strains were isolated from clinical patients. All samples were continuously collected from October to December 2017 in Tai'an, China. The presence of the mcr-1 gene in the strains was assessed by PCR. The genetic relationships of the polymyxin (POL)-resistant E. coli strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. The results indicate that the POL resistance rate for the E. coli isolates from poultry was 31.03% (27 of 87), whereas the human-origin E. coli isolates were 100% sensitive to POL. The mcr-1 gene and extended-spectrum β-lactamase blaCTX-M-14 genes were identified in all 27 POL-resistant avian-origin E. coli isolates. Our pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that the 27 strains were represented by 14 pulsotypes, among which there were 3 strains each with A, E, I, and K pulsotypes, and 1 to 2 strains represented by the other 10 pulsotypes. Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing molecular typing identified 16 sequence types, including 4 ST156 strains, 3 ST533 strains, and 1 to 2 strains represented by the remaining 14 sequence types. In summary, the E. coli strains isolated in the Tai'an area all showed the MDR phenotype, the rate of which for poultry was higher than that for humans. No POL-resistant human-origin E. coli strains were identified in the clinical patients. Our study reveals that poultry-derived MDR mcr-1-positive E. coli strains may pose a potential risk to humans, and the surveillance findings presented herein will be conducive to our understanding of the prevalence and characteristics of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains in the Tai'an area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China; Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lanping Yu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuting Wei
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanying Song
- Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meijie Jiang
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China.
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Smyth C, O'Flaherty A, Walsh F, Do TT. Antibiotic resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing faecal coliforms in wastewater treatment plant effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114244. [PMID: 32146363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide optimal conditions for the maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this work we describe the occurrence of antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms and their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the effluent of two urban WWTPs in Ireland. This information is critical to identifying the role of WWTPs in the dissemination of ARB and ARGs into the environment. Effluent samples were collected from two WWTPs in Spring and Autumn of 2015 and 2016. The bacterial susceptibility patterns to 13 antibiotics were determined. The phenotypic tests were carried out to identify AmpC or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The presence of ESBL genes were detected by PCR. Plasmids carrying ESBL genes were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α recipient and underwent plasmid replicon typing to identify incompatibility groups. More than 90% of isolated faecal coliforms were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin, followed by tetracycline (up to 39.82%), ciprofloxacin (up to 31.42%) and trimethoprim (up to 37.61%). Faecal coliforms resistant to colistin (up to 31.62%) and imipenem (up to 15.93%) were detected in all effluent samples. Up to 53.98% of isolated faecal coliforms expressed a multi-drug resistance (MRD) phenotype. AmpC production was confirmed in 5.22% of isolates. The ESBL genes were confirmed for 11.84% of isolates (9.2% of isolates carried blaTEM, 1.4% blaSHV-12, 0.2% blaCTX-M-1 and 1% blaCTX-M-15). Plasmids extracted from 52 ESBL isolates were successfully transformed into recipient E. coli. The detected plasmid incompatibility groups included the IncF group, IncI1, IncHI1/2 and IncA/C. These results provide evidence that treated wastewater is polluted with ARB and MDR faecal coliforms and are sources of ESBL-producing, carbapenem and colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Smyth
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Aidan O'Flaherty
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Fiona Walsh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thi Thuy Do
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Elbediwi M, Beibei W, Pan H, Jiang Z, Biswas S, Li Y, Yue M. Genomic Characterization of mcr-1-carrying Salmonella enterica Serovar 4,[5],12:i:- ST 34 Clone Isolated From Pigs in China. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:663. [PMID: 32714906 PMCID: PMC7344297 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, so-called Typhimurium monophasic variant, has become one of the most frequently isolated serovars both in humans and in animals all over the world. The increasing prevalence of mcr-1-carrying Salmonella poses significant global health concerns. However, the potential role of Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- in mcr-1 gene migration through the food chain to the human remains obscure. Here, we investigated 337 Salmonella isolates from apparently healthy finishing pigs, which is rarely studied, obtained from pig farms and slaughterhouses in China. The mcr-1 gene was found in four colistin-resistant S. enterica 4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Notably, all four isolates belonged to sequence type 34 (ST34) with multidrug resistance phenotype. Further genomic sequencing and antimicrobial resistance characterization confirmed that mcr was responsible for the colistin resistance, and the conjugation assay demonstrated that three of four isolates carried mcr-1 in IncHI2 plasmid. Importantly, mcr-1 and class-1 integron were found to co-localize in two strains with IncHI2 plasmid. By collecting all the mcr-1-carrying Typhimurium and monophasic variant strains across the food chain (farm animals, animal-origin food, and humans), our phylogenomic analysis of available 66 genomes, including four strains in this study, demonstrated an independent phylogenetic cluster of all eight Chinese swine-originated isolates and one human isolate. Together, this study provides direct evidence for clonal and pork-borne transmission of mcr-1 by Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- ST34 in China and highlighted a domestication pathway by acquisition of additional antimicrobial resistance determinants in Chinese ST34 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elbediwi
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Beibei
- Zhejiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenghai Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Silpak Biswas
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dierick M, Vanrompay D, Devriendt B, Cox E. Lactoferrin, a versatile natural antimicrobial glycoprotein that modulates the host's innate immunity. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:61-65. [PMID: 32585120 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein found in the secretions of mammals. The antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin was the first to be discovered and was assumed to be solely dependent on its iron-chelating ability. However, lactoferrin has been reported to display proteolytic activity towards bacterial virulence factors and to modulate the host defence by stimulating the immune system and balancing pathogen-induced inflammation. Here, we review the current understandings of the antimicrobial effect, interaction with host cells, and innate immune modulation of lactoferrin, and put forward this moonlighting protein as a possible alternative for antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dierick
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Pholwat S, Pongpan T, Chinli R, Rogawski McQuade ET, Thaipisuttikul I, Ratanakorn P, Liu J, Taniuchi M, Houpt ER, Foongladda S. Antimicrobial Resistance in Swine Fecal Specimens Across Different Farm Management Systems. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1238. [PMID: 32625181 PMCID: PMC7311580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use in agricultural animals is known to be associated with increases in antimicrobial resistance. Most prior studies have utilized culture and susceptibility testing of select organisms to document these phenomena. In this study we aimed to detect 66 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes for 10 antimicrobial agent classes directly in swine fecal samples using our previously developed antimicrobial resistance TaqMan array card (AMR-TAC) across three different swine farm management systems. This included 38 extensive antimicrobial use (both in treatment and feed), 30 limited antimicrobial use (treatment only), and 30 no antimicrobial use farms. The number of resistance genes detected in extensive antimicrobial use farms was higher than in limited and no antimicrobial use farms (28.2 genes ± 4.2 vs. 24.0 genes ± 4.1 and 22.8 genes ± 3.6, respectively, p < 0.05). A principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of the AMR gene data showed the extensive use farm samples were disparate from the limited and no antimicrobial use farms. The prevalence of resistance genes in extensive use farms was significantly higher than the other farm categories for 18 resistance genes including bla SHV, bla CTX-M1 group, bla CTX-M9 group, bla VEB, bla CMY2-LAT, aac(6')-lb-cr, qnrB1, gyrA83L-E. coli, armA, rmtB, aac(3)-IIa, mphA, 23S rRNA 2075G-Campylobacter spp., mcr-1, catA1, floR, dfrA5-14, and dfrA17. These genotypic findings were supported by phenotypic susceptibility results on fecal E. coli isolates. To examine the timing of AMR gene abundance in swine farms, we also performed a longitudinal study in pigs. The results showed that AMR prevalence occurred both early, presumably from mothers, as well as after weaning, presumably from the environment. In summary, detection of AMR genes directly in fecal samples can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively monitor AMR in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suporn Pholwat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Tawat Pongpan
- Swine Veterinarian Service, Charoen Pokphand Foods PCL, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattapha Chinli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Iyarit Thaipisuttikul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parntep Ratanakorn
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mami Taniuchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Eric R. Houpt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Suporn Foongladda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pietsch F, O'Neill AJ, Ivask A, Jenssen H, Inkinen J, Kahru A, Ahonen M, Schreiber F. Selection of resistance by antimicrobial coatings in the healthcare setting. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:115-125. [PMID: 32535196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial touch surfaces have been introduced in healthcare settings with the aim of supporting existing hygiene procedures, and to help combat the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised over the potential selection pressure exerted by such surfaces, which may drive the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This review highlights studies that indicate risks associated with resistance on antimicrobial surfaces by different processes, including evolution by de-novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer, and species sorting of inherently resistant bacteria dispersed on to antimicrobial surfaces. The review focuses on antimicrobial surfaces made of copper, silver and antimicrobial peptides because of the practical application of copper and silver, and the promising characteristics of antimicrobial peptides. The available data point to a potential for resistance selection and a subsequent increase in resistant strains via cross-resistance and co-resistance conferred by metal and antibiotic resistance traits. However, translational studies describing the development of resistance to antimicrobial touch surfaces in healthcare-related environments are rare, and will be needed to assess whether and how antimicrobial surfaces lead to resistance selection in these settings. Such studies will need to consider numerous variables, including the antimicrobial concentrations present in coatings, the occurrence of biofilms on surfaces, and the humidity relevant to dry-surface environments. On-site tests on the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings should routinely evaluate the risk of selection associated with their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pietsch
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany
| | - A J O'Neill
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - J Inkinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - M Ahonen
- Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology, WANDER Nordic Water and Materials Institute, Rauma, Finland.
| | - F Schreiber
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany.
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Cuadrat RRC, Sorokina M, Andrade BG, Goris T, Dávila AMR. Global ocean resistome revealed: Exploring antibiotic resistance gene abundance and distribution in TARA Oceans samples. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa046. [PMID: 32391909 PMCID: PMC7213576 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of antibiotic resistance (AR) in clinical settings is of great concern. Therefore, the understanding of AR mechanisms, evolution, and global distribution is a priority for patient survival. Despite all efforts in the elucidation of AR mechanisms in clinical strains, little is known about its prevalence and evolution in environmental microorganisms. We used 293 metagenomic samples from the TARA Oceans project to detect and quantify environmental antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) using machine learning tools. RESULTS After manual curation of ARGs, their abundance and distribution in the global ocean are presented. Additionally, the potential of horizontal ARG transfer by plasmids and their correlation with environmental and geographical parameters is shown. A total of 99,205 environmental open reading frames (ORFs) were classified as 1 of 560 different ARGs conferring resistance to 26 antibiotic classes. We found 24,567 ORFs in putative plasmid sequences, suggesting the importance of mobile genetic elements in the dynamics of environmental ARG transmission. Moreover, 4,804 contigs with >=2 putative ARGs were found, including 2 plasmid-like contigs with 5 different ARGs, highlighting the potential presence of multi-resistant microorganisms in the natural ocean environment. Finally, we identified ARGs conferring resistance to some of the most relevant clinical antibiotics, revealing the presence of 15 ARGs similar to mobilized colistin resistance genes (mcr) with high abundance on polar biomes. Of these, 5 are assigned to Psychrobacter, a genus including opportunistic human pathogens. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers the diversity and abundance of ARGs in the global ocean metagenome. Our results are available on Zenodo in MySQL database dump format, and all the code used for the analyses, including a Jupyter notebook js avaliable on Github. We also developed a dashboard web application (http://www.resistomedb.com) for data visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R C Cuadrat
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke - DIfE, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Maria Sorokina
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno G Andrade
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, EMBRAPA, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n°, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tobias Goris
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Research Group Intestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke - DIfE, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Alberto M R Dávila
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Amin MB, Sraboni AS, Hossain MI, Roy S, Mozmader TAU, Unicomb L, Rousham EK, Islam MA. Occurrence and genetic characteristics of mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant E. coli from poultry environments in Bangladesh. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:546-552. [PMID: 32344122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. We determined the occurrence and characteristics of mcr-1-producing Escherichia coli obtained from live bird markets (LBMs), rural poultry farms (RPFs) and rural household backyard poultry environments (HBPs) in Bangladesh. METHODS We tested 104 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolated during 2017-2018 from poultry sources for colistin resistance. We analysed the resistant isolates for the mcr genes and characterized mcr-positive isolates for antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic resistance genes, transmissible plasmids and clonal diversity. RESULTS Of 104 isolates, 98 (94%) had MICcolistin ≥4 μg/mL and 14 (13.5%) were positive for mcr-1, of which 10 were from LBMs (n = 10), 3 were from RPFs and 1 was from an HBP. All 14 mcr-1 E. coli were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and tetracycline, whereas 12 were resistant to fluoroquinolone and sulfamethoxazole, 10 were resistant to aminoglycosides and 3 were resistant to nitrofurantoin. Four isolates carried conjugative mcr-1 plasmid of 23-55 MDa in size. The 55 MDa plasmid found in two isolates carried additional resistant genes including blaCTX-M-group-1 and blaTEM-1 (ESBL), qnrB (fluoroquinolone), and rmtB (aminoglycoside). These plasmids belong to the IncF family with additional replicons: HI1 and N. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction revealed a heterogeneous banding pattern of mcr-1-positive isolates. CONCLUSION We report a 13.5% prevalence of mcr-1-positive MDR E. coli in poultry faecal samples predominantly from LBMs in Bangladesh accentuating the need for safe disposal of poultry faeces and hygiene practices among people exposed to poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Badrul Amin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and One Health, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Ajrin Sultana Sraboni
- Laboratory of Food Safety and One Health, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammed Iqbal Hossain
- Laboratory of Food Safety and One Health, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subarna Roy
- Laboratory of Food Safety and One Health, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tim Amin Uddin Mozmader
- Laboratory of Food Safety and One Health, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Leanne Unicomb
- Environmental Intervention Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily K Rousham
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Laboratory of Food Safety and One Health, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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38
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Khan H, Miao X, Liu M, Ahmad S, Bai X. Behavior of last resort antibiotic resistance genes (mcr-1 and bla NDM-1) in a drinking water supply system and their possible acquisition by the mouse gut flora. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113818. [PMID: 31896482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) confer resistance to colistins and carbapenems, which are often antibiotics used as a last resort in tertiary care hospitals. Dissemination of these two ARGs in drinking water supply systems and their effect on healthy gut bacteria are poorly studied. In this study, the dissemination of mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 in a drinking water supply system, and their effect on the antibiotic resistance of mouse gut bacteria are explored. Metagenome analysis revealed that source water (Taipu river and Jinze reservoir) was polluted with ARGs. Mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 can be disseminated through the water distribution system. Even advanced water treatments (ozone and biological activated carbon (BAC)) could not effectively remove mcr-1 and blaNDM-1. Low concentrations of chloramine disinfectants in the water distribution system were not effective at limiting ARG abundance. Mobile genetic elements were also found to play a major role in the dissemination of ARGs via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) throughout the water supply system. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no effect of temperature on the abundance of mcr-1 and blaNDM-1 throughout the water supply system. A last resort ARG, mcr-1 can disseminate from drinking water to the healthy mouse gut. The presence of mcr-1 in a strain belonging to Enterococcus hirae, which is different from the strain belonging to the Bacillus cereus group isolated from drinking water, strongly supports the phenomena of HGT inside the gut. This research provides novel insights into the role of drinking water in disseminating ARGs to the gut and strongly suggests that drinking water may also play a major role apart from other factors known to be involved in the prevalence of last resort ARGs in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xiaocao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mingkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Shen Y, Zhang R, Schwarz S, Wu C, Shen J, Walsh TR, Wang Y. Farm animals and aquaculture: significant reservoirs of mobile colistin resistance genes. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2469-2484. [PMID: 32114703 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colistin resistance has attracted substantial attention after colistin was considered as a last-resort drug for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in clinical settings. However, with the discovery of highly mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, colistin resistance has become an increasingly urgent issue worldwide. Despite many reviews, which summarized the prevalence, mechanisms, and structures of these genes in bacteria of human and animal origin, studies on the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance genes in aquaculture and their transmission between animals and humans remain scarce. Herein, we review recent reports on the prevalence of colistin resistance genes in animals, especially wildlife and aquaculture, and their possibility of transmission to humans via the food chain. This review also gives some insights into the routine surveillance, changing policy and replacement of polymyxins by polymyxin derivatives, molecular inhibitors, and traditional Chinese medicine to tackle colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection & Immunity, UHW Main Building, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Polymyxin Susceptibility Testing and Interpretive Breakpoints: Recommendations from the United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (USCAST). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01495-19. [PMID: 31767718 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01495-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymyxins are important agents for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. The United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoint recommendations for colistin and polymyxin B are that isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacteriaceae are considered susceptible at MIC values of ≤2 mg/liter. These recommendations are contingent upon dosing and testing strategies that are described in this commentary. Importantly, these recommendations are not applicable to lower respiratory tract infections, for which we recommend no breakpoints. Furthermore, there is no breakpoint recommendation for polymyxin B for lower urinary tract infections.
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Song Y, Yu L, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Wang P, Feng C, Liu M, Sun S, Xie Z, Wang F. Prevalence and characteristics of multidrug-resistant mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Tai'an, China. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1117-1123. [PMID: 32029147 PMCID: PMC7587627 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis, caused by Escherichia coli, is one of the most common bacterial diseases of chickens. The high incidence and considerable economic losses associated with colibacillosis make it a significant concern worldwide. In recent years, the efficacy of colistin has been severely impacted by the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes, especially mcr-1. Therefore, monitoring of antibiotic resistance, particularly colistin resistance, amongst E. coli strains is vitally important to the future growth and sustainability of the poultry industry. In this study, a total of 130 E. coli strains were isolated from the livers of chickens displaying symptoms of colibacillosis in Tai'an, China. Isolates were screened for their susceptibility to various antibiotics and for the presence of mobile colistin resistance genes and other antibiotic resistance genes. Overall, 75 (57.7%) isolates showed resistance to colistin and were positive for mcr-1. The mobile colistin resistance genes, mcr-2, -3, and -4, were not detected in this study. Of the 75 mcr-1-positive isolates, all (100%) also carried tetracycline resistance genes, 71 (94.7%) also contained genes associated with β-lactam resistance, 59 (78.7%) contained aminoglycoside resistance genes, and 57 (76%) contained sulfonamide resistance genes. This high prevalence of multidrug resistance among mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates, including the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, is highly concerning. The surveillance findings presented here will be conducive to our understanding of the prevalence and characteristics of multidrug-resistance in E. coli in the Tai'an area and will provide a better scientific basis for the clinical treatment of colibacillosis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Lanping Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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Zhong LL, Phan HTT, Shen C, Vihta KD, Sheppard AE, Huang X, Zeng KJ, Li HY, Zhang XF, Patil S, Crook DW, Walker AS, Xing Y, Lin JL, Feng LQ, Doi Y, Xia Y, Stoesser N, Tian GB. High Rates of Human Fecal Carriage of mcr-1-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Emerge in China in Association With Successful Plasmid Families. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:676-685. [PMID: 29040419 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is concerning, as colistin is used in treating multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. We identified trends in human fecal mcr-1-positivity rates and colonization with mcr-1-positive, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Enterobacteriaceae in Guangzhou, China, and investigated the genetic contexts of mcr-1 in mcr-1-positive 3GC-R strains. Methods Fecal samples were collected from in-/out-patients submitting specimens to 3 hospitals (2011-2016). mcr-1 carriage trends were assessed using iterative sequential regression. A subset of mcr-1-positive isolates was sequenced (whole-genome sequencing [WGS], Illumina), and genetic contexts (flanking regions, plasmids) of mcr-1 were characterized. Results Of 8022 fecal samples collected, 497 (6.2%) were mcr-1 positive, and 182 (2.3%) harbored mcr-1-positive 3GC-R Enterobacteriaceae. We observed marked increases in mcr-1 (0% [April 2011] to 31% [March 2016]) and more recent (since January 2014; 0% [April 2011] to 15% [March 2016]) increases in human colonization with mcr-1-positive 3GC-R Enterobacteriaceae (P < .001). mcr-1-positive 3GC-R isolates were commonly multidrug resistant. WGS of mcr-1-positive 3GC-R isolates (70 Escherichia coli, 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae) demonstrated bacterial strain diversity; mcr-1 in association with common plasmid backbones (IncI, IncHI2/HI2A, IncX4) and sometimes in multiple plasmids; frequent mcr-1 chromosomal integration; and high mobility of the mcr-1-associated insertion sequence ISApl1. Sequence data were consistent with plasmid spread among animal/human reservoirs. Conclusions The high prevalence of mcr-1 in multidrug-resistant E. coli colonizing humans is a clinical threat; diverse genetic mechanisms (strains/plasmids/insertion sequences) have contributed to the dissemination of mcr-1, and will facilitate its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Zhong
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang T T Phan
- Modernising Medical Microbiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cong Shen
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karina-Doris Vihta
- Modernising Medical Microbiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E Sheppard
- Modernising Medical Microbiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Program of Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Jiao Zeng
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fei Zhang
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandip Patil
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Derrick W Crook
- Modernising Medical Microbiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Sarah Walker
- Modernising Medical Microbiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Xing
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Lin
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Qiang Feng
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yohei Doi
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Modernising Medical Microbiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Program in Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Wang P, He D, Li B, Guo Y, Wang W, Luo X, Zhao X, Wang X. Eliminating mcr-1-harbouring plasmids in clinical isolates using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:2559-2565. [PMID: 31203365 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To eliminate mcr-1-harbouring plasmids and MDR plasmids in clinical Escherichia coli isolates. METHODS Plasmid pMBLcas9 expressing Cas9 was constructed and used to clone target single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for plasmid curing. The recombinant plasmid pMBLcas9-sgRNA was transferred by conjugation into two clinical E. coli isolates. The curing efficiency of different sgRNAs targeting conserved genes was tested. The elimination of targeted plasmids and the generation of transposase-mediated recombination of p14EC033a variants were characterized by PCR and DNA sequencing. RESULTS In this study, four native plasmids in isolate 14EC033 and two native plasmids in isolate 14EC007 were successfully eliminated in a step-by-step manner using pMBLcas9. Moreover, two native plasmids in 14EC007 were simultaneously eliminated by tandemly cloning multiple sgRNAs in pMBLcas9, sensitizing 14EC007 to polymyxin and carbenicillin. In 14EC033 with two mcr-1-harbouring plasmids, IncI2 plasmid p14EC033a and IncX4 plasmid p14EC033b, a single mcr-1 sgRNA mediated the loss of p14EC033b and generated a mutant p14EC033a in which the mcr-1 gene was deleted. An insertion element, IS5, located upstream of mcr-1 in p14EC033a was responsible for transposase-mediated recombination, resulting in mcr-1 gene deletion instead of plasmid curing. CONCLUSIONS CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to efficiently sensitize clinical isolates to antibiotics in vitro. For isolates with multiple plasmids, the CRISPR/Cas9 approach can either remove each plasmid in a stepwise manner or simultaneously remove multiple plasmids in one step. Moreover, this approach can be used to delete multiple gene copies by using only one sgRNA. However, caution must be exercised to avoid unwanted recombination events during genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei He
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiongjian Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun D, Jeannot K, Xiao Y, Knapp CW. Editorial: Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1933. [PMID: 31507555 PMCID: PMC6718914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Katy Jeannot
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence (CNR) de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHRU) de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water, Environment, Sustainability, and Public Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Zając M, Sztromwasser P, Bortolaia V, Leekitcharoenphon P, Cavaco LM, Ziȩtek-Barszcz A, Hendriksen RS, Wasyl D. Occurrence and Characterization of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli Isolated From Food-Producing Animals in Poland, 2011-2016. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1753. [PMID: 31440216 PMCID: PMC6694793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr genes) threatens the effectiveness of polymyxins, which are last-resort drugs to treat infections by multidrug- and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Based on the occurrence of colistin resistance the aims of the study were to determine possible resistance mechanisms and then characterize the mcr-positive Escherichia coli. The research used material from the Polish national and EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring programs. A total of 5,878 commensal E. coli from fecal samples of turkeys, chickens, pigs, and cattle collected in 2011-2016 were screened by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for the presence of resistance to colistin (R) defined as R > 2 mg/L. Strains with MIC = 2 mg/L isolated in 2014-2016 were also included. A total of 128 isolates were obtained, and most (66.3%) had colistin MIC of 2 mg/L. PCR revealed mcr-1 in 80 (62.5%) isolates recovered from 61 turkeys, 11 broilers, 2 laying hens, 1 pig, and 1 bovine. No other mcr-type genes (including mcr-2 to -5) were detected. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the mcr-1-positive isolates showed high diversity in the multi-locus sequence types (MLST) of E. coli, plasmid replicons, and AMR and virulence genes. Generally mcr-1.1 was detected on the same contig as the IncX4 (76.3%) and IncHI2 (6.3%) replicons. One isolate harbored mcr-1.1 on the chromosome. Various extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-30, bla TEM-52, and bla TEM-135) and quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB19, and chromosomal gyrA, parC, and parE mutations) were present in the mcr-1.1-positive E. coli. A total of 49 sequence types (ST) were identified, ST354, ST359, ST48, and ST617 predominating. One isolate, identified as ST189, belonged to atypical enteropathogenic E. coli. Our findings show that mcr-1.1 has spread widely among production animals in Poland, particularly in turkeys and appears to be transferable mainly by IncX4 and IncHI2 plasmids spread across diverse E. coli lineages. Interestingly, most of these mcr-1-positive E. coli would remain undetected using phenotypic methods with the current epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF). The appearance and spread of mcr-1 among various animals, but notably in turkeys, might be considered a food chain, and public health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zając
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Paweł Sztromwasser
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Valeria Bortolaia
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lina M. Cavaco
- Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Ziȩtek-Barszcz
- Department of Epidemiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, WHO Collaborating Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
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Lei T, Zhang J, Jiang F, He M, Zeng H, Chen M, Wu S, Wang J, Ding Y, Wu Q. First detection of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in virulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 308:108290. [PMID: 31442712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has been identified in various Enterobacteriaceae species, which poses a great challenge to the public health. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mcr-1 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food samples in China, and to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the molecular characterization of V. parahaemolyticus isolate carrying mcr-1-harboring plasmid. A total of 646 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from 2531 food samples collected in retail markets in 34 different cities in China were screened for colistin resistance. Of the 646 V. parahaemolyticus isolates tested, 25 (2.5%) exhibited colistin resistance. The mcr-1 gene was detected in one colistin-resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolate, VP181, obtained from a shrimp sample collected in Hong Kong. The mcr-1 gene was located on a transferable IncX4 plasmid with size of ~40 kb. A Class A β-lactamase gene, blaCARB-17 and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrVC5 were detected in the mcr-1-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolate VP181. Virulence gene assays indicated that tdh was detected in VP181 by PCR. This is the first report of the occurrence of plasmid-encoded mcr-1 in virulent V. parahaemolyticus strain. Our findings indicate horizontal transfer of this gene to non-Enterobacteriaceae gram-negative bacteria, which warrants further investigation because of the public health threat it poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Fufeng Jiang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China
| | - Min He
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710021, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510632, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510070, China.
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Rhouma M, Thériault W, Rabhi N, Duchaine C, Quessy S, Fravalo P. First identification of mcr-1/ mcr-2 genes in the fecal microbiota of Canadian commercial pigs during the growing and finishing period. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2019; 10:65-67. [PMID: 31309078 PMCID: PMC6613599 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s202331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Nassima Rabhi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Rozwandowicz M, Brouwer MSM, Fischer J, Wagenaar JA, Gonzalez-Zorn B, Guerra B, Mevius DJ, Hordijk J. Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:1121-1137. [PMID: 29370371 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is constantly evolving and horizontal gene transfer through plasmids plays a major role. The identification of plasmid characteristics and their association with different bacterial hosts provides crucial knowledge that is essential to understand the contribution of plasmids to the transmission of AMR determinants. Molecular identification of plasmid and strain genotypes elicits a distinction between spread of AMR genes by plasmids and dissemination of these genes by spread of bacterial clones. For this reason several methods are used to type the plasmids, e.g. PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) or relaxase typing. Currently, there are 28 known plasmid types in Enterobacteriaceae distinguished by PBRT. Frequently reported plasmids [IncF, IncI, IncA/C, IncL (previously designated IncL/M), IncN and IncH] are the ones that bear the greatest variety of resistance genes. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of all known AMR-related plasmid families in Enterobacteriaceae, the resistance genes they carry and their geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rozwandowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M S M Brouwer
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J Fischer
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - J A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - B Gonzalez-Zorn
- Department of Animal Health and VISAVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Guerra
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - D J Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Polymyxins are important lipopeptide antibiotics that serve as the last-line defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Worryingly, the clinical utility of polymyxins is currently facing a serious threat with the global dissemination of mcr, plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance. The first plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance gene, termed as mcr-1 was identified in China in November 2015. Following its discovery, isolates carrying mcr, mainly mcr-1 and less commonly mcr-2 to -7, have been reported across Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania. This review covers the epidemiological, microbiological and genomics aspects of this emerging threat to global human health. The mcr has been identified in various species of Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Salmonella enterica, Cronobacter sakazakii, Kluyvera ascorbata, Shigella sonnei, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter braakii, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Proteus mirabilis, Aeromonas, Moraxella and Enterobacter species from animal, meat, food product, environment and human sources. More alarmingly is the detection of mcr in extended-spectrum-β-lactamases- and carbapenemases-producing bacteria. The mcr can be carried by different plasmids, demonstrating the high diversity of mcr plasmid reservoirs. Our review analyses the current knowledge on the emergence of mcr-mediated polymyxin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Nang
- a Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jian Li
- a Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- b Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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Joshi PR, Thummeepak R, Paudel S, Acharya M, Pradhan S, Banjara MR, Leungtongkam U, Sitthisak S. Molecular Characterization of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens: First Report from Nepal. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:846-854. [PMID: 30874473 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of mcr-1 encoding colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has created critical situation in poultry, livestock farming, and public health. In Nepal, for the first time, we initiated surveillance of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in broilers from seven different chicken farms. A total of 324 cloacal swabs were collected and 118 E. coli were isolated, of which 27 (22.8%) were colistin resistance all harboring mcr-1 gene, but lacking ISApI1. Colistin-resistant isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, detecting antibiotic resistance genes, phylogenetic analysis, and plasmid replicon typing. These isolates belonged to the phylo-group A (70.37%) and phylo-group D (29.63%). In addition, most isolates (>80%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. As much as 3 of the 27 mcr-1 encoding isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producer, all 3 isolates carrying blaCTX-M gene. We performed the conjugation experiment to check transferability of mcr-1, tet, and blaCTX-M genes, and only two donors were found to have transferred resistance to ticarcillin. The transfer of colistin and tetracycline resistance was not detected, which suggests the chromosomal location of mcr-1 and tet genes. The prevalence of Inc K/B and Inc I1 was 96.3% and 81.48%, respectively. This study shows the co-existence of mcr-1 with tet, sul, qnr, dfr, and blaCTX-M genes and dissemination of these resistant isolates in Nepalese chicken farms, which may pose huge threat to the livestock, especially chickens, and public health in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rapee Thummeepak
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sriju Pradhan
- 3 Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- 3 Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Udomluk Leungtongkam
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sutthirat Sitthisak
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,4 Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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