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Weng N, Meng J, Huo S, Wu F, Wang WX. Hemocytes of bivalve mollusks as cellular models in toxicological studies of metals and metal-based nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120082. [PMID: 36057327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of environmental pollutants on immune systems is indispensable in ecological and health risk assessments due to the significance of normal immunological functions in all living organisms. Bivalves as sentinel organisms with vital ecological importance are widely distributed in aquatic environments and their innate immune systems are the sensitive targets of environmental pollutants. As the central component of innate immunity, bivalve hemocytes are endowed with specialized endolysosomal systems for particle internalization and metal detoxification. These intrinsic biological features make them a unique cellular model for metal- and nano-immunotoxicology research. In this review, we firstly provided a general overview of bivalve's innate immunity and the classification and immune functions of hemocytes. We then summarized the recent progress on the interactions of metals and nanoparticles with bivalve hemocytes, with emphasis on the involvement of hemocytes in metal regulation and detoxification, the interactions of hemocytes and nanoparticles at eco/bio-nano interface and hemocyte-mediated immune responses to the exposure of metals and nanoparticles. Finally, we proposed the key knowledge gaps and future research priorities in deciphering the fundamental biological processes of the interactions of environmental pollutants with the innate immune system of bivalves as well as in developing bivalve hemocytes into a promising cellular model for nano-immuno-safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Khoei AJ. Seasonal heavy metal accumulations in the bivalve Barbatia decussate and their relationships with water quality and the metal-induced biochemical biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16103-16112. [PMID: 34642888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal tissue concentrations of heavy metals, antioxidant enzymes, immunological components, and water quality parameters were investigated during 1 year in the ark clam, Barbatia decussate, from the coast of Lengeh port, located in the north of the Persian Gulf, Iran. The tissue accumulation of the heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) significantly increased accumulations in late autumn and winter (P < 0.01). Theconcentrations of Ni and Cr nearly remained unchanged throughout the 1 year sampling period (P > 0.01). Seasonal changes were also observed in metal-induced biochemical components. In this regard, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) elevated throughout spring and summer and then declined during autumn and winter (P < 0.01). Phagocytosis activity significantly decreased from December to February and then increased from March to September (P < 0.01). Total hemocyte counts decreased from October to March and then elevated until April (P < 0.01). Significant relationships were found between tissue heavy metal concentrations, water quality parameters, and biochemical components (P < 0.01). The negative correlations were O2 vs. antioxidant enzymes, phagocytosis, and total counts of the hemocytes (THCs); pH vs. SOD; salinity vs. Cr; and temperature vs. GPx and Ni. Positive correlations were O2 vs. Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni; temperature vs. phagocytosis and THCs; and turbidity vs. phagocytosis, THCs, CAT, and GPx. The results of the present study showed a seasonal pattern in the accumulation of heavy metals, with maximum levels in winter for the ark clam, B. decussate . Furthermore, antioxidant defense and immunity of B. decussate are reduced during winter, which may make B. decussate susceptible to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Javanshir Khoei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Silva Dos Santos F, Neves RAF, Crapez MAC, Teixeira VL, Krepsky N. How does the brown mussel Perna perna respond to environmental pollution? A review on pollution biomarkers. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 111:412-428. [PMID: 34949370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) is a valuable resource for aquaculture in tropical and subtropical coastal regions. It presents desirable characteristics for biomonitoring, including being sessile, widely distributed and abundant, and is a filter-feeder able to accumulate several classes of pollutants (e.g., metals, hydrocarbons, among others). Mussels' biological responses to pollution exposure can be measured as biomarkers, which include alterations ranging from molecular to physiological levels, to estimate the degree of environmental contamination and its effects on biota. This full review compiles two decades (2000-2020) of literature concerning biological effects on P. perna mussel caused by environmental pollutants (i.e., metals, hydrocarbons, and emerging pollutants), considering environmental and farm-based biomonitoring. Biochemical markers related to mussels' oxidative status were efficient for the biomonitoring of metals (i.e., antioxidant enzymes associated with oxidative damage in biomolecules). Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity indicators (i.e., comet, micronucleus, and neutral red assays) provided a depiction of hydrocarbon contamination. The neutral red assay gave a time-concentration cytotoxic response to a wide range of pollutants, including emerging pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals and biocides) and hydrocarbons. Perna perna hemocyte parameters provided a useful approach for biocide biomonitoring. This paper summarizes useful biomarkers from molecular to physiological levels in this mussel species used to identify and quantify the degree of coastal pollution. An integrated biomarker analysis may provide a way to overcome possible biomarker variations and assess multi-polluted sites. Nevertheless, it is necessary to investigate biomarker variations according to natural factors (e.g., season and gonad maturation stage) to standardize them for trustworthy biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Institute of Biology, Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Mario Santos Braga Street, s/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24.020-141, Brazil.
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Pasteur Avenue, 458. Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22.290-255, Brazil
| | - Mirian Araújo Carlos Crapez
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Institute of Biology, Graduate Program in Marine Biology and Coastal Environments, Mario Santos Braga Street, s/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24.020-141, Brazil
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Institute of Biology, Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Mario Santos Braga Street, s/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ CEP 24.020-141, Brazil; Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Pasteur Avenue, 458. Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22.290-255, Brazil
| | - Natascha Krepsky
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Graduate Program in Neotropical Biodiversity (PPGBIO), Pasteur Avenue, 458. Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22.290-255, Brazil; Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Institute of Biosciences (IBIO), Graduate Program in Ecotourism and Conservation, Pasteur Avenue, 458. Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22.290-255, Brazil
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Canli EG, Canli M. Antioxidant system biomarkers of freshwater mussel ( Unio tigridis) respond to nanoparticle (Al 2O 3, CuO, TiO 2) exposures. Biomarkers 2021; 26:434-442. [PMID: 33781138 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1909655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mussels are known as the natural filters of the aquatic systems and are accepted as one of the best bioindicator organism. There is no data on the response of Unio tigridis to metal-oxide nanoparticle (NP) exposures. This study aimed to investigate the response of the antioxidant enzymes of U. tigridis following exposure to NPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mussels were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 9 mg NP/L) of Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 NPs for 14 days and subsequently, the activities of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione S-transferase) and GR (glutathione reductase) were measured in the gill and digestive gland. Mussels were fed with cultured unicellular algae (Chlorella vulgaris) during experiments. RESULTS Data showed that algae consumptions of mussels were not significantly (p>0.05) altered by NPs. However, all enzyme activities in the digestive gland and gill altered significantly (p<0.05) after NP exposures. The activities of CAT and SOD decreased, while the activities of enzymes belonging to glutathione metabolism (GPx and GST) increased in both tissues. CONCLUSION This study representing the first record on the antioxidant system response of U. tigridis toward NP exposures suggests that NP toxicity should be investigated thoroughly in organisms and some regulations must be done on their usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin G Canli
- University of Nigde Omer Halisdemir, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Canli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkey
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Martinez AS, Mayer-Pinto M, Christofoletti RA. Functional responses of filter feeders increase with elevated metal contamination: Are these good or bad signs of environmental health? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110571. [PMID: 31542603 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast urbanization in coastal areas has increased the load of contaminants entering estuaries worldwide, threatening the diversity and provision of services by these important systems. Contamination causes structural changes in ecosystems, but the consequences for their functioning are still overlooked. Here we investigated filtration and biodeposition rates of the mussel Mytilaster solisianus across different concentrations of metals, nutrients and suspended material, and levels of urbanization. As expected, filtration rates increased with the number of particles in the water column. However, in areas with low particle concentration, filtering increased in mussels with higher metal concentrations (Cu/Zn/Ni), which were, in turn, related to high urbanization. Similarly, biodeposition rates were positively related to metal concentration in mussels. The increased functional responses observed here is likely a symptom of stress, caused by potential compensatory mechanisms to the energetic costs of cell maintenance and body detoxification of mussels, rather than an indication of healthy systems/organisms. CAPSULE: Increased functional responses of mussels can be a sign of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S Martinez
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil; Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mariana Mayer-Pinto
- Centre of Marine Science and Innovation, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Pearson HBC, Dallas LJ, Comber SDW, Braungardt CB, Worsfold PJ, Jha AN. Mixtures of tritiated water, zinc and dissolved organic carbon: Assessing interactive bioaccumulation and genotoxic effects in marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 187:133-143. [PMID: 29482966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Release of tritium (3H) in the marine environment is of concern with respect to its potential bioaccumulation and detrimental impact on the biota. Previous studies have investigated the uptake and toxicity of this radionuclide in marine mussels, and the interaction of 3H with dissolved organic ligands and elevated temperature. However, despite the well-established view that toxicity is partly governed by chemical speciation, and that toxic effects of mixture of contaminants are not always additive, there have been no studies linking the prevailing chemistry of exposure waters with observed biological effects and tissue specific accumulation of 3H in combination with other constituents commonly found in natural waters. This study exposed the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis for 14 days to mixtures of 3H (as tritiated water, HTO) and zinc (Zn) at 5 Mbq L-1, and 383, 1913 and 3825 nM Zn, respectively, to investigate (a) 3H and Zn partitioning in soft tissues of mussels, and (b) DNA damage in haemocytes, determined using the single cell gel electrophoresis or the comet assay. Additionally, the extent of association of 3H with dissolved organic carbon (DOC, added as humic acid) over the exposure period was investigated in order to aid the interpretation of biological uptake and effects. Results concluded a clear antagonistic effect of Zn on 3H-induced DNA damage at all Zn concentrations used, likely explained by the importance of Zn in DNA repair enzymes. The interaction of DOC with 3H was variable, with strong 3H-DOC associations observed in the first 3 d of the experiment. The secretion of 3H-binding ligands by the mussels is suggested as a possible mechanism for early biological control of 3H toxicity. The results suggest risk assessments for radionuclides in the environment require consideration of potential mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly B C Pearson
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Lorna J Dallas
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sean D W Comber
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Charlotte B Braungardt
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Paul J Worsfold
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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Moëzzi F, Hedayati SA, Ghadermazi A. Ecotoxicological impacts of exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles on the gill of the Swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758). MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2018.1441591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fateh Moëzzi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyyed Aliakbar Hedayati
- Department of Aquatic Production and Exploitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghadermazi
- Department of Aquatic Production and Exploitation, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Ozkan D, Dagdeviren M, Katalay S, Guner A, Yavaşoğlu NÜK. Multi-Biomarker Responses After Exposure to Pollution in the Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) in the Aegean Coast of Turkey. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:46-52. [PMID: 27921131 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sublethal effects on the Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) collected from the Aegean coast of Turkey were determined. Enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), metallothionein (MT) mRNA expressions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents, determination of 14 heavy metals and micronucleus frequency were selected as multibiomarkers. Results show that heavy metals and an increase in the level of MT gene expression have been determined in tissues of mussels collected from all stations. The GST, SOD and CAT enzymes were increased in mussels of Aliaga and Old Foca, compared to the mussels of Urla, while it was showed inhibition at AChE levels. Extensive LP is determined on mussels of Aliaga. It was determined that mussels in Aliaga region have exposed more oxidative stress than Old Foca and Urla. These biomarkers were carried out for the first time in these stations to assess environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Ozkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melih Dagdeviren
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
- Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selma Katalay
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Celal Bayar University, Muradiye-Manisa, Turkey
| | - Adem Guner
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - N Ülkü Karabay Yavaşoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.
- Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.
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Hanna SK, Miller RJ, Lenihan HS. Accumulation and Toxicity of Copper Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles in a Marine Mussel. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:535-547. [PMID: 28344235 PMCID: PMC5304694 DOI: 10.3390/nano4030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cu is an essential trace element but can be highly toxic to aquatic organisms at elevated concentrations. Greater use of CuO engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may lead to increased concentrations of CuO ENPs in aquatic environments causing potential ecological injury. We examined the toxicity of CuO ENPs to marine mussels and the influence of mussels on the fate and transport of CuO ENPs. We exposed marine mussels to 1, 2, or 3 mg L-1 CuO ENPs for four weeks, and measured clearance rate, rejection, excretion and accumulation of Cu, and mussel shell growth. Mussel clearance rate was 48% less, and growth was 68% less, in mussels exposed to 3 mg L-1 than in control animals. Previous studies show 100% mortality at 1 mg Cu L-1, suggesting that CuO ENPs are much less toxic than ionic Cu, probably due to the slow dissolution rate of the ENPs. Mussels rejected and excreted CuO ENPs in biodeposits containing as much as 110 mg Cu g-1, suggesting the potential for magnification in sediments. Mussels exposed to 3 mg L-1 CuO ENPs accumulated 79.14 ± 12.46 µg Cu g-1 dry weight, which was 60 times more Cu than in control animals. Our results suggest that mussels have the potential to influence the fate and transport of CuO ENPs and potentially cause magnification of CuO ENPs in mussel bed communities, creating a significant source of Cu to marine benthos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Hanna
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA.
| | - Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150, USA.
| | - Hunter S Lenihan
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA.
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Hanna SK, Miller RJ, Muller EB, Nisbet RM, Lenihan HS. Impact of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles on the individual performance of Mytilus galloprovincialis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61800. [PMID: 23613941 PMCID: PMC3629123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in consumer products raises the concern of environmental release and subsequent impacts in natural communities. We tested for physiological and demographic impacts of ZnO, a prevalent metal oxide ENP, on the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. We exposed mussels of two size classes, <4.5 and ≥ 4.5 cm shell length, to 0.1-2 mg l(-1) ZnO ENPs in seawater for 12 wk, and measured the effect on mussel respiration, accumulation of Zn, growth, and survival. After 12 wk of exposure to ZnO ENPs, respiration rates of mussels increased with ZnO concentration. Mussels had up to three fold more Zn in tissues than control groups after 12 wk of exposure, but patterns of Zn accumulation varied with mussel size and Zn concentrations. Small mussels accumulated Zn 10 times faster than large mussels at 0.5 mg l(-1), while large mussels accumulated Zn four times faster than small mussels at 2 mg l(-1). Mussels exposed to 2 mg l(-1) ZnO grew 40% less than mussels in our control group for both size classes. Survival significantly decreased only in groups exposed to the highest ZnO concentration (2 mg l(-1)) and was lower for small mussels than large. Our results indicate that ZnO ENPs are toxic to mussels but at levels unlikely to be reached in natural marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Hanna
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America.
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Al-Subiai SN, Moody AJ, Mustafa SA, Jha AN. A multiple biomarker approach to investigate the effects of copper on the marine bivalve mollusc, Mytilus edulis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1913-1920. [PMID: 21851981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
While copper (Cu) is considered to be an essential trace element for many organisms, overexposure to this metal can induce a wide spectrum of effects including DNA damage. Given that Cu is a highly relevant contaminant in the marine environment, we aimed to evaluate the induction of DNA strand breaks (using the comet assay) in haemocytes and concurrently also determined biological responses at higher levels of biological organisation in bivalve molluscs, Mytilus edulis, following exposure for 5 days to a range of environmentally realistic levels of Cu (18-56 μg l(-1)). Prior to evaluation of genetic damage, the maximum tolerated concentration (MTC) was also determined, which was found to be (100 μg l(-1)) above which complete mortality over the exposure period was observed. In addition to DNA damage, levels of glutathione in adductor muscle extracts, histopathological examination of various organs (viz., adductor muscle, gills and digestive glands) and clearance rates as a physiological measure at individual level were also determined. Furthermore, tissue-specific accumulation and levels of Cu in water samples were also determined using ICP-MS. There was a strong concentration-dependant induction for DNA damage and total glutathione levels increased by 1.8-fold at 56 μg l(-1) Cu. Histological examination of the organs showed qualitatively distinct abnormalities. Clearance rate also showed a significant decrease compared to controls even at the lowest concentration (i.e. 18 μg l(-1); P=0.003). Cu levels in adductor muscle (P=0.012), digestive gland (P=0.008) and gills (P=0.002) were significantly higher than in the control. The multi-biomarker approach used here suggests that in some cases clear relationships exist between genotoxic and higher level effects, which could be adopted as an integrated tool to evaluate different short and long-term toxic effects of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherain N Al-Subiai
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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12
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Raftopoulou EK, Dimitriadis VK. Comparative study of the accumulation and detoxification of Cu (essential metal) and Hg (nonessential metal) in the digestive gland and gills of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, using analytical and histochemical techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:1155-1165. [PMID: 21288554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the comparative examination of accumulation and detoxification of Cu and Hg in digestive gland and gills of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and autometallography. Mussels were exposed to 0.08 mg L(-1) Cu, 0.08 mg L(-1) Hg, as well as to a mixture of 0.08 mg L(-1) Hg and 0.08 mg L(-1) Cu for 11 d. After the experimental exposure, animals were kept under laboratory conditions for a detoxification period of 7d. An antagonistic effect of Cu against to Hg accumulation was noted in the digestive gland of mussels after the experimental exposure, as well as after the detoxification period, supporting the protective role of Cu against to Hg toxicity in this tissue. Digestive gland was suggested as a main organ for Hg accumulation and gills as a target position for Cu accumulation. Additionally, lower time was evaluated for Hg detoxification in the digestive gland and gills of mussels, in relation to those addressed for Cu detoxification in the same tissues. The evaluation of black silver deposits (BSD) extent performed in digestive gland and gills was suggested as a less sensitive approach, in relation to atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), to identify the concentration of heavy metals in tissues of mussels. The toxic effects of Hg, Cu and a mixture of them on lysosomal system of the digestive cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Raftopoulou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Serafim A, Bebianno MJ. Metallothionein role in the kinetic model of copper accumulation and elimination in the clam Ruditapes decussatus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:390-399. [PMID: 19345346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the role of metallothioneins (MT) in copper (Cu) toxicity, this work aimed to assess the involvement of this protein in the accumulation and elimination strategies of Cu in the clam Ruditapes decussatus exposed to two sublethal concentrations (25 and 50 microgCul(-1)). The behaviour of MT in three different tissues of clams during the accumulation and depuration processes was also followed by gel-filtration chromatography to assess if Cu was bound to MT or to other cytosolic components. The 96 h LC50 for water-borne copper was 715 microgL(-1) in R. decussatus. The Cu accumulation pattern was dependent on Cu exposure concentrations. In clams exposed to 25 microgl(-1), total Cu accumulation in the three tissues increased linearly during the exposure period, while in those exposed to 50 microgl(-1) it followed the first order kinetic model. The greatest amount of Cu accumulated in all tissues is associated to the low molecular weight cytosolic fraction (>50%). The chromatographic assay indicated that Cu in the cytosolic fraction is bound to MT and MT levels increase with the increase of Cu exposure confirming the binding affinity of Cu to MT in all tissues. However, a smaller percentage of Cu seems to be bond to other ligands, such as GSH. Copper was exponentially eliminated (only studied in clams exposed to 25 microgl(-1)) and the estimated half-life was tissue dependent (9, 5 and 14 days for the gills, digestive gland and remaining tissues, respectively). Copper bound to the thermostable compounds was eliminated more quickly (t(1/2)=4-7 days) in all tissues than those bound to the thermolabile compounds (t(1/2)=7-18 days). Interestingly, MT is rapidly degraded (t(1/2)=7 and 18 days), suggesting that this protein is actively involved in the elimination of this metal, through the Cu-MT complex since MT and Cu are turning over simultaneously. Therefore, when Cu exposure is low, the clam can cope efficiently with the excess of Cu levels by increasing MT induction as well as rapidly eliminating this metal via the MT-Cu complex. Copper toxicity in the clam R. decussatus is associated to the limited capacity of MT induction at higher and environmental unrealistic Cu exposures especially in the gills and remaining tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serafim
- CIMA, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
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El-Shenawy NS. Heavy-metal and microbial depuration of the clam Ruditapes decussatus and its effect on bivalve behavior and physiology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2004; 19:143-153. [PMID: 15038001 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The bivalve Ruditapes decussatus was evaluated as a possible biomonitor of heavy-metal contamination. Concentrations of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) were measured in R. decussatus. Water and sediment samples were collected at two stations of Timsah Lake in Ismailia, Egypt, from October to November 2002, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results from the heavy-metal and microbial analyses indicated that site II was less contaminated than site I. The bivalve showed accumulation of metals, with a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) greater than 4. The bioaccumulation of metals varied strongly according to the sampling site. After 48 h of depuration, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, and Mn were reduced significantly, to 46.8% and 47.7%, 19.9% and 20.3%, 27.3% and 27.9%, 35.9% and 36.6%, and 18.2% and 26.6%, compared with the initial concentrations, in clam tissue at the two stations. In bivalves from site II the counts of total bacteria, fecal coliforms, and bacterial pathogens were reduced by more than 90%, whereas phage counts were only reduced by 56% after 4 days of depuration. The depuration of bivalves collected from the heavily polluted site (I) was not effective, as coliforms were reduced only by 85% after 4 days, whereas counts of pathogens and pathogenic indicators such as Vibrio, fecal Streptococcus, and coliphage decreased to less than 50% of the initial concentration. The time necessary to decrease contamination to 10%, 50%, and 90% for clams at both stations was consistently shorter for heavy metals than for microorganisms. Investigation of the effects of heavy-metal and microbiological depuration on valve movement and physiological rates (oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion) was carried out on R. decussatus to test the utility of physiological stress indices in assessing the health of depurated animals. Clams in the experimental tanks exhibited various states of activity, which were rated by identifying and scoring (0-4) the different parameters, including shell gap, siphon extension, and foot protrusion. Moreover, an increase in ammonia excretion was usually associated with an increase in respiration rate. The oxygen-to-nitrogen ratio provided a sensitive indicator of bivalve health. It can be concluded that shellfish monitoring and depuration data depended on the initial concentration of the pollutants. There were differences in the physiological responses of clams from the two sites during the periods of pre- and postdepuration of the contaminants. There was a significant correlation between reduction of metal concentration in clam tissue and enhancement of valve movement, as well as activity and increasing respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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