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Huber AK, Kaczorowski A, Schneider F, Böning S, Görtz M, Langhoff D, Schwab C, Stenzinger A, Hohenfellner M, Duensing A, Duensing S. Digital spatial profiling identifies the tumor center as a topological niche in prostate cancer characterized by an upregulation of BAD. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20281. [PMID: 39217197 PMCID: PMC11366015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is characterized by a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of cancer cells with respect to specific functional characteristics and the formation of spatial niches. Here, we used digital spatial profiling (DSP) to investigate differences in protein expression in the tumor center versus the tumor periphery. Thirty-seven regions of interest were analyzed for the expression of 47 proteins, which included components of the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and cell death signaling pathways as well as immune cell markers. A total of 1739 data points were collected from five patients. DSP identified the BCL-2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD) protein as the most significantly upregulated protein in the tumor center. BAD upregulation was confirmed by conventional immunohistochemistry, which furthermore showed a phosphorylation of BAD at serine 112 indicating its inactivation. Knockdown of BAD in prostate cancer cells in vitro led to decreased cell viability and colony growth. Clinically, high BAD expression was associated with a shorter time to biochemical recurrence in 158 mostly high-risk prostate cancer patients. Collectively, our results suggest that the tumor center is a topological niche with high BAD expression that may drive prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Huber
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Kaczorowski
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Schneider
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Böning
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Görtz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Langhoff
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Duensing
- Precision Oncology of Urological Malignancies, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Papi RM, Tasioulis KS, Kechagioglou PV, Papaioannou MA, Andriotis EG, Kyriakidis DA. Carbon Nanotube-Mediated Delivery of PTEN Variants: In Vitro Antitumor Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:2785. [PMID: 38930850 PMCID: PMC11206347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a crucial tumor suppressor protein with frequent mutations and alterations. Although protein therapeutics are already integral to numerous medical fields, their potential remains nascent. This study aimed to investigate the impact of stable, unphosphorylated recombinant human full-length PTEN and its truncated variants, regarding their tumor suppression activity with multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) as vehicles for their delivery in breast cancer cells (T-47D, ZR-75-1, and MCF-7). The cloning, overexpression, and purification of PTEN variants were achieved from E. coli, followed by successful binding to CNTs. Cell incubation with protein-functionalized CNTs revealed that the full-length PTEN-CNTs significantly inhibited cancer cell growth and stimulated apoptosis in ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 cells, while truncated PTEN fragments on CNTs had a lesser effect. The N-terminal fragment, despite possessing the active site, did not have the same effect as the full length PTEN, emphasizing the necessity of interaction with the C2 domain in the C-terminal tail. Our findings highlight the efficacy of full-length PTEN in inhibiting cancer growth and inducing apoptosis through the alteration of the expression levels of key apoptotic markers. In addition, the utilization of carbon nanotubes as a potent PTEN protein delivery system provides valuable insights for future applications in in vivo models and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigini M. Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.T.); (P.V.K.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos S. Tasioulis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.T.); (P.V.K.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Petros V. Kechagioglou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.T.); (P.V.K.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Maria A. Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios G. Andriotis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios A. Kyriakidis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.S.T.); (P.V.K.); (D.A.K.)
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Pratas A, Malhão B, Palma R, Mendonça P, Cervantes R, Marques-Ramos A. Effects of apigenin on gastric cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116251. [PMID: 38330709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric Cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. As the currently available therapeutic options are invasive, new and more benign options are being explored. One of which is Apigenin (Api), a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, such as celery, parsley, garlic, bell pepper and chamomile tea. Api has known anti-inflammatory, -oxidant, and -proliferative proprieties in several diseases and its potential as an anticancer compound has been explored. Here we systematize the available data regarding the effects of Api on GC cells, in terms of cell proliferation, apoptosis, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and molecular targets. From the literature it is possible to conclude that Api inhibits cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which is accompanied by the reduction of clone formation and induction of apoptosis. This occurs through the Akt/Bad/Bcl2/Bax axis that activates the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, resulting in restriction of cell proliferation. Additionally, it seems that the anti-proliferative potential of Api on GC cells is particularly relevant in a more aggressive GC phenotype but can also affect normal gastric cells. This indicate that this flavonoid must be used in low-to-moderate doses to avoid side-effects induced by disturbance of the normal epithelium. In H. Pylori-infected cells, the literature demonstrates that Api reduces inflammation by diminishing the levels of H. pylori colonization, by preventing NF-kB activation and by diminishing the production of reactive oxygen specimens (ROS). Accordingly, in GC Api seems to regulate different hallmarks of cancer, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, inflammation and oxidative stress, demonstrating its potential has an anti-GC compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pratas
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Malhão
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Palma
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Mendonça
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Cervantes
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Marques-Ramos
- ESTeSL, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal; H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Palma FR, Gantner BN, Sakiyama MJ, Kayzuka C, Shukla S, Lacchini R, Cunniff B, Bonini MG. ROS production by mitochondria: function or dysfunction? Oncogene 2024; 43:295-303. [PMID: 38081963 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ATP generation is generally viewed as the primary function of mitochondria under normoxic conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in contrast, are regarded as the by-products of respiration, and are widely associated with dysfunction and disease. Important signaling functions have been demonstrated for mitochondrial ROS in recent years. Still, their chemical reactivity and capacity to elicit oxidative damage have reinforced the idea that ROS are the products of dysfunctional mitochondria that accumulate during disease. Several studies support a different model, however, by showing that: (1) limited oxygen availability results in mitochondria prioritizing ROS production over ATP, (2) ROS is an essential adaptive mitochondrial signal triggered by various important stressors, and (3) while mitochondria-independent ATP production can be easily engaged by most cells, there is no known replacement for ROS-driven redox signaling. Based on these observations and other evidence reviewed here, we highlight the role of ROS production as a major mitochondrial function involved in cellular adaptation and stress resistance. As such, we propose a rekindled view of ROS production as a primary mitochondrial function as essential to life as ATP production itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio R Palma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin N Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo J Sakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cezar Kayzuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Morelli C, Chiodo C, Nocito MC, Cormace A, Catalano S, Sisci D, Sirianni R, Casaburi I, Andò S, Lanzino M. Androgens Modulate Bcl-2 Agonist of Cell Death (BAD) Expression and Function in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13464. [PMID: 37686282 PMCID: PMC10487823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) expression in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) correlates with lower tumor grade and a better clinical outcome. Additionally, in normal mammary epithelium or ER+ BC preclinical models, androgens counteract basal/ER-dependent proliferation. Here, we report an additional mechanism, underlining the protective role exerted by AR. Specifically, the activation of intracellular AR upregulates the Bcl-2-family protein BAD, and TCGA database analyses show that in ER+ BC, BAD expression is associated with better disease-free survival. Ligand-activated AR influences its own and BAD cellular compartmentalization by enhancing levels in the nucleus, as well as in mitochondrial fractions. In both compartments, BAD exerts unconventional functions. In the nucleus, BAD and AR physically interact and, upon androgen stimulation, are recruited at the AP-1 and ARE sites within the cyclin D1 promoter region, contributing to explaining the anti-proliferative effect of androgens in BC cells. Androgens cause an enrichment in BAD and AR content in the mitochondria, correlated with a decrease in mitochondrial function. Thus, we have defined a novel mechanism by which androgens modulate BAD expression, its mitochondria localization, and nuclear content to force its ability to act as a cell cycle inhibitor, strengthening the protective role of androgen signaling in estrogen-responsive BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Chiara Chiodo
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Claudia Nocito
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessandro Cormace
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.M.); (M.C.N.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.)
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Li J, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Bi R, Wei Y, Li Y, Hu B. The role of protein glycosylation in the occurrence and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106726. [PMID: 36907285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious and life-threatening disease worldwide. Despite thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, a sizeable fraction of patients with AIS have adverse clinical outcomes. In addition, existing secondary prevention strategies with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs therapy are not able to adequately decrease the risk of ischemic stroke recurrence. Thus, exploring novel mechanisms for doing so represents an urgent need for the prevention and treatment of AIS. Recent studies have discovered that protein glycosylation plays a critical role in the occurrence and outcome of AIS. As a common co- and post-translational modification, protein glycosylation participates in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes by regulating the activity and function of proteins or enzymes. Protein glycosylation is involved in two causes of cerebral emboli in ischemic stroke: atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. Following ischemic stroke, the level of brain protein glycosylation becomes dynamically regulated, which significantly affects stroke outcome through influencing inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, neuronal apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Drugs targeting glycosylation in the occurrence and progression of stroke may represent a novel therapeutic idea. In this review, we focus on possible perspectives about how glycosylation affects the occurrence and outcome of AIS. We then propose the potential of glycosylation as a therapeutic drug target and prognostic marker for AIS patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rentang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Panagaki T, Randi EB, Szabo C, Hölscher C. Incretin Mimetics Restore the ER-Mitochondrial Axis and Switch Cell Fate Towards Survival in LUHMES Dopaminergic-Like Neurons: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1149-1174. [PMID: 37718851 PMCID: PMC10657688 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that afflicts more than 10 million people worldwide. Available therapeutic interventions do not stop disease progression. The etiopathogenesis of PD includes unbalanced calcium dynamics and chronic dysfunction of the axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria that all can gradually favor protein aggregation and dopaminergic degeneration. OBJECTIVE In Lund Human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) dopaminergic-like neurons, we tested novel incretin mimetics under conditions of persistent, calcium-dependent ER stress. METHODS We assessed the pharmacological effects of Liraglutide-a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog-and the dual incretin GLP-1/GIP agonist DA3-CH in the unfolded protein response (UPR), cell bioenergetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, macroautophagy, and intracellular signaling for cell fate in terminally differentiated LUHMES cells. Cells were co-stressed with the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, thapsigargin. RESULTS We report that Liraglutide and DA3-CH analogs rescue the arrested oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. They mitigate the suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis and hyper-polarization of the mitochondrial membrane, all to re-establish normalcy of mitochondrial function under conditions of chronic ER stress. These effects correlate with a resolution of the UPR and the deficiency of components for autophagosome formation to ultimately halt the excessive synaptic and neuronal death. Notably, the dual incretin displayed a superior anti-apoptotic effect, when compared to Liraglutide. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the protective effects of incretin signaling in ER and mitochondrial stress for neuronal degeneration management and further explain the incretin-derived effects observed in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elisa B. Randi
- Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Research & Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Duarte-Silva AT, Ximenes LGR, Guimarães-Souza M, Domith I, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Chemical signaling in the developing avian retina: Focus on cyclic AMP and AKT-dependent pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058925. [PMID: 36568967 PMCID: PMC9780464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between developing progenitor cells as well as differentiated neurons and glial cells in the nervous system is made through direct cell contacts and chemical signaling mediated by different molecules. Several of these substances are synthesized and released by developing cells and play roles since early stages of Central Nervous System development. The chicken retina is a very suitable model for neurochemical studies, including the study of regulation of signaling pathways during development. Among advantages of the model are its very well-known histogenesis, the presence of most neurotransmitter systems found in the brain and the possibility to make cultures of neurons and/or glial cells where many neurochemical functions develop in a similar way than in the intact embryonic tissue. In the chicken retina, some neurotransmitters or neuromodulators as dopamine, adenosine, and others are coupled to cyclic AMP production or adenylyl cyclase inhibition since early stages of development. Other substances as vitamin C and nitric oxide are linked to the major neurotransmitter glutamate and AKT metabolism. All these different systems regulate signaling pathways, including PKA, PKG, SRC, AKT and ERK, and the activation of the transcription factor CREB. Dopamine and adenosine stimulate cAMP accumulation in the chick embryo retina through activation of D1 and A2a receptors, respectively, but the onset of dopamine stimulation is much earlier than that of adenosine. However, adenosine can inhibit adenylyl cyclase and modulate dopamine-dependent cAMP increase since early developmental stages through A1 receptors. Dopamine stimulates different PKA as well as EPAC downstream pathways both in intact tissue and in culture as the CSK-SRC pathway modulating glutamate NMDA receptors as well as vitamin C release and CREB phosphorylation. By the other hand, glutamate modulates nitric oxide production and AKT activation in cultured retinal cells and this pathway controls neuronal survival in retina. Glutamate and adenosine stimulate the release of vitamin C and this vitamin regulates the transport of glutamate, activation of NMDA receptors and AKT phosphorylation in cultured retinal cells. In the present review we will focus on these reciprocal interactions between neurotransmitters or neuromodulators and different signaling pathways during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Duarte-Silva
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - L. G. R. Ximenes
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - M. Guimarães-Souza
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - I. Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - R. Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,*Correspondence: R. Paes-de-Carvalho,
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Du C, Wang T, Jia J, Li J, Xiao Y, Wang J, Mao P, Wang N, Shi L, Wang M. Suppression of RPL34 Inhibits Tumor Cell Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Glioblastoma. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3494-3506. [PMID: 35377127 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates Ribosomal protein 34 (RPL34) promotes tumor malignance and its expression is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer cells. However, the physiological role and biological mechanism of RPL34 in glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the expression and the role of RPL34 in GBM. A total of 59 glioma samples and 12 normal brains for epilepsy surgery were used to determine the underlying mechanisms and the biological behaviors of RPL34 in GBM. In this study, we identified that RPL34 expression was significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in GBM tumors compared with low-grade glioma and normal brain, and its expression was associated with poor survival. Additionally, RPL34 was functionally required for tumor proliferation in vitro. Mechanically, inhibition of RPL34 induced glioma cell apoptosis by activation of Bad/Caspase7/PARP signaling pathway. The RPL34 promotes cell survival in GBM and could be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Taoning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningxian Second People's Hospital, Qing'Yang, 745201, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinning Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningxian Second People's Hospital, Qing'Yang, 745201, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Luoning Shi
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an , 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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10
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Lee YG, Park DH, Chae YC. Role of Mitochondrial Stress Response in Cancer Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050771. [PMID: 35269393 PMCID: PMC8909674 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that are a hub for key biological processes, such as bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling functions. Mitochondria are implicated in all oncogenic processes, from malignant transformation to metastasis and resistance to chemotherapeutics. The harsh tumor environment constantly exposes cancer cells to cytotoxic stressors, such as nutrient starvation, low oxygen, and oxidative stress. Excessive or prolonged exposure to these stressors can cause irreversible mitochondrial damage, leading to cell death. To survive hostile microenvironments that perturb mitochondrial function, cancer cells activate a stress response to maintain mitochondrial protein and genome integrity. This adaptive mechanism, which is closely linked to mitochondrial function, enables rapid adjustment and survival in harsh environmental conditions encountered during tumor dissemination, thereby promoting cancer progression. In this review, we describe how the mitochondria stress response contributes to the acquisition of typical malignant traits and highlight the potential of targeting the mitochondrial stress response as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Geon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (D.H.P.)
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Do Hong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Young Chan Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (D.H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-52-217-2524 or +82-52-217-2638
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11
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.
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12
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Pivotal role of PIM2 kinase in plasmablast generation and plasma cell survival, opening new treatment options in myeloma. Blood 2022; 139:2316-2337. [PMID: 35108359 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into plasmablasts (PBs) and then plasma cells (PCs) is associated with extensive cell reprogramming and new cell functions. By using specific inhibition strategies (including a novel morpholino RNA antisense approach), we found that early, sustained upregulation of the proviral integrations of Moloney virus 2 (PIM2) kinase is a pivotal event during human B cell in vitro differentiation and then continues in mature normal and malignant PCs in the bone marrow. In particular, PIM2 sustained the G1/S transition by acting on CDC25A and p27Kip1 and hindering caspase 3-driven apoptosis through BAD phosphorylation and cytoplasmic stabilization of p21Cip1. In PCs, interleukin-6 triggered PIM2 expression, resulting in anti-apoptotic effects on which malignant PCs were particularly dependent. In multiple myeloma, pan-PIM and MCL1 inhibitors displayed synergistic activity. Our results highlight a cell-autonomous function that links kinase activity to the PBs' newly acquired secretion ability and the adaptability observed in both normal and malignant PCs, and finally should prompt the reconsideration of PIM2 as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.
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13
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Pandey G, Kuykendall AT, Reuther GW. JAK2 inhibitor persistence in MPN: uncovering a central role of ERK activation. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:13. [PMID: 35082276 PMCID: PMC8792018 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, and myelofibrosis, are driven by hyper activation of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase, the result of mutations in three MPN driving genes: JAK2, MPL, and CALR. While the anti-inflammatory effects of JAK2 inhibitors can provide improved quality of life for many MPN patients, the upfront and persistent survival of disease-driving cells in MPN patients undergoing JAK2 inhibitor therapy thwarts potential for remission. Early studies indicated JAK2 inhibitor therapy induces heterodimeric complex formation of JAK2 with other JAK family members leading to sustained JAK2-dependent signaling. Recent work has described novel cell intrinsic details as well as cell extrinsic mechanisms that may contribute to why JAK2 inhibition may be ineffective at targeting MPN driving cells. Diverse experimental strategies aimed at uncovering mechanistic details that contribute to JAK2 inhibitor persistence have each highlighted the role of MEK/ERK activation. These approaches include, among others, phosphoproteomic analyses of JAK2 signaling as well as detailed assessment of JAK2 inhibition in mouse models of MPN. In this focused review, we highlight these and other studies that collectively suggest targeting MEK/ERK in combination with JAK2 inhibition has the potential to improve the efficacy of JAK2 inhibitors in MPN patients. As MPN patients patiently wait for improved therapies, such studies should further strengthen optimism that pre-clinical research is continuing to uncover mechanistic insights regarding the ineffectiveness of JAK2 inhibitors, which may lead to development of improved therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Pandey
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Gary W Reuther
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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14
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PINK1 kinase dysfunction triggers neurodegeneration in the primate brain without impacting mitochondrial homeostasis. Protein Cell 2021; 13:26-46. [PMID: 34800266 PMCID: PMC8776976 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies have established the prevalent theory that the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 protects neurodegeneration by removing damaged mitochondria in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, difficulty in detecting endogenous PINK1 protein in rodent brains and cell lines has prevented the rigorous investigation of the in vivo role of PINK1. Here we report that PINK1 kinase form is selectively expressed in the human and monkey brains. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deficiency of PINK1 causes similar neurodegeneration in the brains of fetal and adult monkeys as well as cultured monkey neurons without affecting mitochondrial protein expression and morphology. Importantly, PINK1 mutations in the primate brain and human cells reduce protein phosphorylation that is important for neuronal function and survival. Our findings suggest that PINK1 kinase activity rather than its mitochondrial function is essential for the neuronal survival in the primate brains and that its kinase dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
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15
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Sluchanko NN, Tugaeva KV, Gushchin I, Remeeva A, Kovalev K, Cooley RB. Crystal structure of human 14-3-3ζ complexed with the noncanonical phosphopeptide from proapoptotic BAD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:100-105. [PMID: 34735870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways control phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein BAD and its phosphorylation-dependent association with 14-3-3 proteins in the cytoplasm. The stability of the 14-3-3/BAD complex determines the cell fate: unphosphorylated BAD escapes from 14-3-3, migrates to the mitochondria and initiates apoptosis. While the 14-3-3/BAD interaction represents a promising drug target, it lacks structural characterization. Among several phosphosites identified in vivo, Ser75 and Ser99 of human BAD match the consensus sequence RXXpSXP recognized by 14-3-3 and, therefore, represent canonical 14-3-3-binding sites. Yet, BAD contains other serines phosphorylatable in vivo, whose role is less understood. Here, we report a 2.36 Å crystal structure of 14-3-3ζ complexed with a BAD fragment which includes residues Ser74 and Ser75, both being substrates for protein kinases. While the BAD peptide is anchored to 14-3-3 by phosphoserine as expected, the BAD peptide was unexpectedly phosphorylated at Ser74 instead of Ser75, revealing noncanonical binding within the amphipathic groove and leading to a one-step positional shift and reorganization of the interface. This observation exemplifies plasticity of the amphipathic 14-3-3 groove in accommodating various peptides and suggests the redundancy of Ser74 and Ser75 phosphosites with respect to binding of BAD to 14-3-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Gushchin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alina Remeeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Kirill Kovalev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Russia; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard B Cooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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16
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Luo Y, Wu Y, Huang H, Yi N, Chen Y. Emerging role of BAD and DAD1 as potential targets and biomarkers in cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:811. [PMID: 34671425 PMCID: PMC8503815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As key regulators of apoptosis, BAD and defender against apoptotic cell death 1 (DAD1) are associated with cancer initiation and progression. Multiple studies have demonstrated that BAD and DAD1 serve critical roles in several types of cancer and perform various functions, such as participating in cellular apoptosis, invasion and chemosensitivity, as well as their role in diagnostic/prognostic judgement, etc. Investigating the detailed mechanisms of the cancerous effects of the two proteins will contribute to enriching the options for targeted therapy, and may improve clinical treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes research advances regarding the associations of BAD and DAD1 with cancer, and a hypothesis on the feasible relationship and interaction mechanism between the two proteins is proposed. Furthermore, the present review highlights the potential of the two proteins as therapeutic targets and valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Luo
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - You Wu
- Nursing College, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
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17
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Penatzer JA, Miller JV, Prince N, Shaw M, Lynch C, Newman M, Hobbs GR, Boyd JW. Differential phosphoprotein signaling in the cortex in mouse models of Gulf War Illness using corticosterone and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07552. [PMID: 34307952 PMCID: PMC8287240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Veterans from the 1990–91 Gulf War were exposed to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), and, following service, an estimated one-third began suffering from a medically unexplained, multi-symptom illness termed Gulf War Illness (GWI). Previous research has developed validated rodent models that include exposure to exogenous corticosterone (CORT) and AChEIs to simulate high stress and chemical exposures encountered in theater. This combination of exposures in mice resulted in a marked increase in neuroinflammation, which is a common symptom of veterans suffering from GWI. To further elucidate the mechanisms associated with these mouse models of GWI, an investigation into intracellular responses in the cortex were performed to characterize the early cellular signaling changes associated with this exposure-initiated neuroinflammation. Main methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CORT in the drinking water (200 μg/mL) for 7 days followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP; 4.0 mg/kg) or chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO; 8.0 mg/kg), on day 8 and euthanized 0.5, 2, and 24 h post-injection. Eleven post-translationally modified protein targets were measured using a multiplexed ELISA. Key findings Phosphoprotein responses were found to be exposure specific following AChEI insult, with and without CORT. Specifically, CORT + CPO exposure was found to sequentially activate several phosphoproteins involved in mitogen activated protein kinase signaling (p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK). DFP alone similarly increased proteins in this pathway (p-RPS6, and p-JNK), but the addition of CORT ameliorated these affects. Significance The results of this study provide insight into differentially activated pathways depending on AChEI in these GWI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Penatzer
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morvantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Nicole Prince
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morvantown, WV, USA
| | - Misa Shaw
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cayla Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mackenzie Newman
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Gerald R Hobbs
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jonathan W Boyd
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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18
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Githaka JM, Tripathi N, Kirschenman R, Patel N, Pandya V, Kramer DA, Montpetit R, Zhu LF, Sonenberg N, Fahlman RP, Danial NN, Underhill DA, Goping IS. BAD regulates mammary gland morphogenesis by 4E-BP1-mediated control of localized translation in mouse and human models. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2939. [PMID: 34011960 PMCID: PMC8134504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of non-canonical protein functions can identify novel tissue homeostasis pathways. Herein, we describe a role for the Bcl-2 family member BAD in postnatal mammary gland morphogenesis. In Bad3SA knock-in mice, where BAD cannot undergo phosphorylation at 3 key serine residues, pubertal gland development is delayed due to aberrant tubulogenesis of the ductal epithelium. Proteomic and RPPA analyses identify that BAD regulates focal adhesions and the mRNA translation repressor, 4E-BP1. These results suggest that BAD modulates localized translation that drives focal adhesion maturation and cell motility. Consistent with this, cells within Bad3SA organoids contain unstable protrusions with decreased compartmentalized mRNA translation and focal adhesions, and exhibit reduced cell migration and tubulogenesis. Critically, protrusion stability is rescued by 4E-BP1 depletion. Together our results confirm an unexpected role of BAD in controlling localized translation and cell migration during mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Namita Tripathi
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Namrata Patel
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - David A. Kramer
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Rachel Montpetit
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Lin Fu Zhu
- grid.17089.37Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Richard P. Fahlman
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Nika N. Danial
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - D. Alan Underhill
- grid.17089.37Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- grid.17089.37Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada ,grid.17089.37Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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19
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Jo D, Yoon G, Song J. Role of Exendin-4 in Brain Insulin Resistance, Mitochondrial Function, and Neurite Outgrowth in Neurons under Palmitic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010078. [PMID: 33435277 PMCID: PMC7827489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone produced by the gut and brain, and is currently being used as a therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes and obesity, suggesting that it regulates abnormal appetite patterns, and ameliorates impaired glucose metabolism. Many researchers have demonstrated that GLP-1 agonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists exert neuroprotective effects against brain damage. Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid, and increases the risk of neuroinflammation, lipotoxicity, impaired glucose metabolism, and cognitive decline. In this study, we investigated whether or not Exentin-4 (Ex-4; GLP-1 agonist) inhibits higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line under PA-induced apoptosis conditions. Moreover, pre-treatment with Ex-4 in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells prevents neural apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction through several cellular signal pathways. In addition, insulin sensitivity in neurons is improved by Ex-4 treatment under PA-induced insulin resistance. Additionally, our imaging data showed that neuronal morphology is improved by EX-4 treatment, in spite of PA-induced neuronal damage. Furthermore, we identified that Ex-4 inhibits neuronal damage and enhanced neural complexity, such as neurite length, secondary branches, and number of neurites from soma in PA-treated SH-SY5Y. We observed that Ex-4 significantly increases neural complexity, dendritic spine morphogenesis, and development in PA treated primary cortical neurons. Hence, we suggest that GLP-1 administration may be a crucial therapeutic solution for improving neuropathology in the obese brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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20
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Li J, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Shao R, Liang Q, Yu W, Wang H, Zou W, Wang D, Xiang J, Lin A. BAD inactivation exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis pathology by promoting survival of sublining macrophages. eLife 2020; 9:e56309. [PMID: 33270017 PMCID: PMC7714394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of synovial sublining macrophages to apoptosis has a crucial role in joint inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here we report that inactivation of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein BAD is essential for survival of synovial sublining macrophage in RA. Genetic disruption of Bad leads to more severe joint inflammation and cartilage and bone damage with reduced apoptosis of synovial sublining macrophages in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and TNFα transgenic (TNF-Tg) mouse models. Conversely, Bad3SA/3SA mice, in which BAD can no longer be inactivated by phosphorylation, are protected from collagen-induced arthritis. Mechanistically, phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of BAD specifically protects synovial sublining macrophages from apoptosis in highly inflammatory environment of arthritic joints in CIA and TNF-Tg mice, and in patients with RA, thereby contributing to RA pathology. Our findings put forward a model in which inactivation of BAD confers the apoptosis resistance on synovial sublining macrophages, thereby contributing to the development of arthritis, suggesting that BAD may be a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
| | - Rui Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weida Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Weiguo Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Demin Wang
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
| | - Jialing Xiang
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoUnited States
| | - Anning Lin
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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21
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Liu C, Chen K, Wang H, Zhang Y, Duan X, Xue Y, He H, Huang Y, Chen Z, Ren H, Wang H, Zeng C. Gastrin Attenuates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by a PI3K/Akt/Bad-Mediated Anti-apoptosis Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:540479. [PMID: 33343341 PMCID: PMC7740972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.540479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Gastrin, a gastrointestinal hormone, is involved in the regulation of kidney function of sodium excretion. However, whether gastrin has an effect on kidney I/R injury is unknown. Here we show that cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR), the gastrin receptor, was significantly up-regulated in I/R-injured mouse kidneys. While pre-administration of gastrin ameliorated I/R-induced renal pathological damage, as reflected by the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The protective effect could be ascribed to the reduced apoptosis for gastrin reduced tubular cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro studies also showed gastrin preserved the viability of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release, which were blocked by CI-988, a specific CCKBR antagonist. Mechanistically, the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway participates in the pathological process, because gastrin treatment increased phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and Bad. While in the presence of wortmannin (1 μM), a PI3K inhibitor, the gastrin-induced phosphorylation of Akt after H/R treatment was blocked. Additionally, wortmannin and Akt inhibitor VIII blocked the protective effect of gastrin on viability of HK-2 cells subjected to H/R treatment. These studies reveals that gastrin attenuates kidney I/R injury via a PI3K/Akt/Bad-mediated anti-apoptosis signaling. Thus, gastrin can be considered as a promising drug candidate to prevent AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaixiang Wang
- Department of Lishilu Outpatient, General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Xudong Duan
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanzheng Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongye He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Bruce JIE, James AD. Targeting the Calcium Signalling Machinery in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092351. [PMID: 32825277 PMCID: PMC7565467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by excessive cell proliferation and a propensity to avoid cell death, while the spread of cancer is facilitated by enhanced cellular migration, invasion, and vascularization. Cytosolic Ca2+ is central to each of these important processes, yet to date, there are no cancer drugs currently being used clinically, and very few undergoing clinical trials, that target the Ca2+ signalling machinery. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the emerging evidence that targeting key components of the Ca2+ signalling machinery represents a novel and relatively untapped therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I. E. Bruce
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-161-275-5484
| | - Andrew D. James
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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23
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Lin KH, Chang RL, Tamilselvi S, Paul CR, Pai PY, Day CH, Wu HC, PadmaViswanadha V, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Reperfusion using lactate Ringer's mixture partially eliminates IGF II receptor involved cardiac damage caused by hemorrhagic shock in diabetic rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:163-170. [PMID: 32053010 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1651397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that damages many organs. We investigated the effects of reperfusion using lactate Ringer's solution (LR) in a diabetic animal model. Eight-week-old rats were divided into groups: control, hemorrhagic shock induced (HS), diabetes mellitus (DM), DM plus HS (DM + HS) and DM rats that received LR after HS (DM + HS + LR). HS was induced by withdrawing blood from the femoral artery and arterial pressure was maintained at 40 mm Hg for 1 h. Animals were perfused with either withdrawn blood or LR. Rats were sacrificed and hearts were collected from all groups. Histopathological studies were performed using left ventricles and western blotting analysis was performed using protein extracted from the left ventricle. Using the TUNEL assay, we found more apoptotic cells in the DM + HS group compared to the control group, whereas in animals resuscitated with LR, the number of apoptotic cells was reduced. Western blotting showed a significant reduction in apoptotic markers, cyt c, cas 9 and cas 3, and increased survival markers, pPI3K and pAKT, in the DM + HS + LR group. Reperfusion with LR may have therapeutic effects on trauma induced HS by blocking the IGF II R facilitated apoptosis pathway in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - R-L Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - S Tamilselvi
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C R Paul
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P-Y Pai
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Day
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - H-C Wu
- School of medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - V PadmaViswanadha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - W-W Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Scheffold A, Stilgenbauer S. Revolution of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Therapy: the Chemo-Free Treatment Paradigm. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:16. [PMID: 32025827 PMCID: PMC7002327 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-0881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Over the last years, targeted anticancer therapy with small molecule inhibitors and antibodies has much replaced chemoimmunotherapy, which has been the gold standard of care for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here we give an overview of novel targeted agents used in therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as efforts to overcome resistance development, focusing on approved drugs since they gained high relevance in clinical practice. Recent Findings Novel agents moved to the forefront as a treatment strategy of CLL due to their outstanding efficacy, almost irrespectively of the underlying genetic features. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a key molecule in the B cell receptor pathway, achieved dramatic efficacy even in poor-risk and chemo-refractory patients. Further success was accomplished with venetoclax, which specifically inhibits anti-apoptotic BCL2 and induces apoptosis of CLL cells. Summary Inhibition of BTK or BCL2 is very effective and induces prolongation of progression-free and overall survival. Approved combination treatments such as venetoclax or ibrutinib with obinutuzumab show high responses rates and long remission durations. However, evolution and selection of subclones with continuous treatment leads to resistance towards these novel drugs and disease relapse. Hence, comparison of sequential treatment with combinations and discontinuation of therapy are important aspects which need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Scheffold
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, D-89081, Ulm, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany.
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25
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Yiau SKX, Lee C, Mohd Tohit ER, Chang KM, Abdullah M. Potential CD34 signaling through phosphorylated-BAD in chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:276-282. [PMID: 31509041 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1660899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) constitutively express growth factors and cytokines for survival. Chemotherapy alters these signals to induce cell death. However, drug resistance in AML remains a major hindrance to successful treatment and early warning is unavailable. Modulation of signaling pathways during chemotherapy may provide a window to detect response and predict treatment outcome. Blood samples collected from AML patients before and at day-3 of induction therapy were compared for changes in expression of CD117, CD34, pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators of Akt and MAPK pathways, using multi-color flow cytometry. Nine patients were diagnosed as drug-resistant and seven sensitive to chemotherapy. Twelve were paired. Average percentages of CD34 (66.8 ± 11.7% vs. 26.2 ± 5.8%, p = 0.033) and pBAD (66.9 ± 8.2% vs. 28.9 ± 8.2%, p = 0.016) were significantly increased in chemo-resistant (N = 9) compared to chemo-sensitive (N = 5) samples. Percentages of CD34 were strongly correlated with pBAD (R = 0.785; p = 0.001; N = 14) and pFKHR (R = 0.755; p = 0.002; N = 14) at day-3 induction. Chemo-sensitive cases expressed significantly higher percentages of IL-18Rα (71.9 ± 9.6% vs. 29.8 ± 5.8%, p = 0.016). Though not significantly different in the outcome, IL-1β was strongly associated with activated Akt-S473, IL-6 with phosphorylated JNK and FKHR while TNF-α appeared to trigger Bim, in treated samples. These preliminary results suggested AML cells resistant to chemotherapy increased expression of CD34 and may signal through pBAD while cells sensitive to chemotherapy-induced IL18Rα expression. These were observed early during induction therapy. Identifying CD34 is interesting as it is a convenient marker to monitor drug-resistance in AML patients. Inhibition of CD34 and pBAD signaling may be important in treating drug-resistant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephnie Kang-Xian Yiau
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - CinDee Lee
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Kian Meng Chang
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara , Ampang , Malaysia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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26
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Mohammad RM, Li Y, Muqbil I, Aboukameel A, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Landesman Y, Philip PA, Azmi AS. Targeting Rho GTPase effector p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) suppresses p-Bad-microRNA drug resistance axis leading to inhibition of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma proliferation. Small GTPases 2019; 10:367-377. [PMID: 28641032 PMCID: PMC6748371 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1329694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive and therapy resistant malignancy. Mutant K-Ras, found in >90% of refractory PDAC, acts as a molecular switch activating Rho GTPase signaling that in turn promotes a plethora of pro-survival molecules and oncogenic microRNAs. We investigated the impact of Rho GTPase effector protein p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) inhibition on pro-survival p-Bad and oncogenic miRNA signaling. We demonstrate that the dual NAMPT and PAK4 modulators (KPT-9274 and KPT-9307) inhibit PDAC cell proliferation through downregulation of Bad phosphorylation and upregulation of tumor suppressive miRNAs (miR-145, let-7c, let-7d, miR-34c, miR320 and miR-100). These results suggest that targeting PAK4 could become a promising approach to restore pro-apoptotic function of Bad and simultaneously activate tumor suppressive miRNAs in therapy resistant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Philip A. Philip
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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27
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Lu P, Bowman KER, Brown SM, Joklik-Mcleod M, Mause ERV, Nguyen HTN, Lim CS. p53-Bad: A Novel Tumor Suppressor/Proapoptotic Factor Hybrid Directed to the Mitochondria for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3386-3398. [PMID: 31241338 PMCID: PMC10760809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials involving p53 gene therapy for ovarian cancer failed due to the dominant negative inhibition of wild-type p53 and multiple genetic aberrations in ovarian cancer. To overcome this problem, we have designed a more potent chimeric gene fusion, called p53-Bad, that combines p53 with the mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factor Bad. Unlike wild-type p53, which acts as a nuclear transcription factor, this novel p53-Bad construct has multiple unique mechanisms of action including a direct and rapid apoptotic effect at the mitochondria. The mitochondrial localization, transcription activity, and apoptotic activity of the constructs were tested. The results suggest that p53 can be effectively targeted to the mitochondria by controlling the phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bad, which can only localize to the mitochondria when Ser-112 and Ser-136 of Bad are unphosphorylated. By introducing S112A and S136A mutations, p53-Bad fusion cannot be phosphorylated at these two sites and always localizes to the mitochondria. p53-Bad constructs also have superior activity over p53 and Bad alone. The apoptotic activity is consistent in many ovarian cancer cell lines regardless of the endogenous p53 status. Both p53 and the BH3 domain of Bad contribute to the superior activity of p53-Bad. Our data suggests that p53-Bad fusions are capable of inducing apoptosis and should be further pursued for gene therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Katherine E. Redd Bowman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sarah M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Madeline Joklik-Mcleod
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erica R. Vander Mause
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Han T. N. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Carol S. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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28
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Chen S, Feng Y, Zhang B, Chen X, Wei W, Ma H. RMP promotes the proliferation and radioresistance of esophageal carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:3698-3705. [PMID: 31333787 PMCID: PMC6636304 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RMP is a RNA polymerase II Subunit RPB-5 associated protein shown to act as an oncogene in several cancer. However, the mechanism of the involvement of RMP in esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear. We analyzed RMP expression in EC cell lines and EC tissues. The connection between RMP and clinical pathological features of EC was also elucidated. To investigate the role of RMP in EC, We performed CCK-8 assay to evaluate cell proliferation, and Annexin V/PI double-staining to evaluate cell apoptosis. Effect of RMP on tumor progression in nude mouse models was assessed by measurement of volume and weight of tumors. Expression of RMP, CEA and CA199 in vivo were measured by Inmunohistochemical staining. First of all, our study showed that RMP was highly expressed in EC cell lines (compared with normal cells) and tumor tissues (compare with corresponding normal tissues). Then, we found that RMP was bound up with the status of nodal and T stage which indicating that RMP may be related to the growth and malignant degree of EC. Moreover upregulation of RMP could contribute to tumor growth in vitro and vivo. In addition, the results also showed that overexpression of RMP could significantly reduce the susceptibility to radiotherapy. Taken together, all these further suggested that RMP would play a chance-promoting in EC which may provide us a powerful goal for gene targeting treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Linton MF, Moslehi JJ, Babaev VR. Akt Signaling in Macrophage Polarization, Survival, and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112703. [PMID: 31159424 PMCID: PMC6600269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in the survival, proliferation, and migration of macrophages, which may impact the development of atherosclerosis. Changes in Akt isoforms or modulation of the Akt activity levels in macrophages significantly affect their polarization phenotype and consequently atherosclerosis in mice. Moreover, the activity levels of Akt signaling determine the viability of monocytes/macrophages and their resistance to pro-apoptotic stimuli in atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, elimination of pro-apoptotic factors as well as factors that antagonize or suppress Akt signaling in macrophages increases cell viability, protecting them from apoptosis, and this markedly accelerates atherosclerosis in mice. In contrast, inhibition of Akt signaling by the ablation of Rictor in myeloid cells, which disrupts mTORC2 assembly, significantly decreases the viability and proliferation of blood monocytes and macrophages with the suppression of atherosclerosis. In addition, monocytes and macrophages exhibit a threshold effect for Akt protein levels in their ability to survive. Ablation of two Akt isoforms, preserving only a single Akt isoform in myeloid cells, markedly compromises monocyte and macrophage viability, inducing monocytopenia and diminishing early atherosclerosis. These recent advances in our understanding of Akt signaling in macrophages in atherosclerosis may have significant relevance in the burgeoning field of cardio-oncology, where PI3K/Akt inhibitors being tested in cancer patients can have significant cardiovascular and metabolic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacRae F Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA.
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Babaev
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA.
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30
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Activation of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways in Cerebellum of Kindled Rats. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:750-760. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Sharma R, Battu P, Singla M, Goyal N, Sharma VL. Expression profile of markers of oxidative stress, injury and apoptosis in anti-tuberculosis drugs induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:689-695. [PMID: 29737591 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF) and Pyrazinamide (PZA) are part of first-line anti-tuberculosis therapy used against infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, these drugs are known to be potentially harmful as these are associated with numerous side effects and when taken together their harmful outcomes are elevated in a synergistic manner. Identification of possible mechanism underlying RIF + INH + PZA induced nephrotoxicity may be advantageous in developing strategies to prevent their toxic implications. METHODS In this study rats were distributed in two groups of six each: Control (tap water) and Toxicant (INH + RIF + PZA) in dosage derived through extrapolation from human dosage for 28 days once in a day. Antioxidant activity and histology of kidney were examined. In addition, apoptosis was also studied using pro and anti-apoptotic markers and TUNEL staining to check nephrotoxicity. RESULTS Findings indicated that combined (INH, RIF and PZA) 28 day exposure in Wistar rats caused increase in number of free radicals/ reactive oxygen species which further cause changes in levels of enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione-s-transferase. Altered content of pro (BAD&BAX) and anti-apoptotic genes (BCL-2&BCL2L1) genes, TUNEL positive cells and DNA fragmentation emphasized involvement of apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study concluded that nephrotoxicity is accompanied during combinational anti-tuberculosis drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Sharma
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, India
| | - Priya Battu
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandakini Singla
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Goyal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijay L Sharma
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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32
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Zuo E, Zhang C, Mao J, Gao C, Hu S, Shi X, Piao F. 2,5-Hexanedione mediates neuronal apoptosis through suppression of NGF via PI3K/Akt signaling in the rat sciatic nerve. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181122. [PMID: 30670632 PMCID: PMC6900430 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because precise mechanism for 2,5-hexanedione (HD)-induced neuronal apoptosis largely remains unknown, we explored the potential mechanisms both in vivo and in vitro Rats were intraperitoneally exposed to HD at different doses for 5 weeks, following which the expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, dimerization of Bad and Bcl-xL, as well as the release of cytochrome c and the caspase-3 activity were measured. Moreover, these variables were also examined in vitro in HD-exposed VSC4.1 cells with or without a PI3K-specific agonist (IGF-1), and in HD-exposed VSC4.1 cells with or without a PI3K-specific inhibitor (LY294002) in the presence or absence of NGF. The data indicate that, as the concentration of HD increased, rats exhibited progressive gait abnormalities, and enhanced neuronal apoptosis in the rat sciatic nerve, compared with the results observed in the control group. Furthermore, HD significantly down-regulated NGF expression in the rat sciatic nerve. Moreover, suppression of NGF expression inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and Bad. Meanwhile, an increase in the dimerization of Bad and Bcl-xL in mitochondria resulted in cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, HD-induced apoptosis was eliminated by IGF-1. Additionally, NGF supplementation reversed the decrease in phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, as well as reversing the neuronal apoptosis in HD-exposed VSC4.1 cells. However, LY294002 blocked these effects of NGF. Collectively, our results demonstrate that mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis is induced by HD through NGF suppression via the PI3K/Akt pathway both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjun Zuo
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chenxue Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuhai Hu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Song J, Wang Y, Fan X, Wu H, Han J, Yang M, Lu L, Nie G. Trans-vaccenic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via a mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:46. [PMID: 30738430 PMCID: PMC6368753 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intake of trans fatty acids (TFAs) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes, but little is known about the health effects of ruminant trans fats. Trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) is a naturally occurring TFA found in the fat of ruminants and in human dairy products. The present study was conducted to investigate the anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of TVA on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) 5-8F and CNE-2 cells. Methods A CCK8 assay was used to determine the effect of TVA and the Mcl-1 inhibitor S63845 on the proliferation of NPC cells. Apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of factors associated with Bcl-2-family protein signaling and Akt signaling. Results TVA significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that TVA significantly decreased p-Akt levels and Bad phosphorylation on Ser-136 and Ser-112. More importantly, we discovered that the Mcl-1 inhibitor S63845 synergistically sensitized NPC cells to apoptosis induction by TVA. Conclusion TVA can inhibit NPC cell growth and induced apoptosis through the inhibition of Bad/Akt phosphorylation. The combined use of TVA and Mcl-1 inhibitors offers a potential advantage for nasopharyngeal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China.
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PI3k and Stat3: Oncogenes that are Required for Gap Junctional, Intercellular Communication. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020167. [PMID: 30717267 PMCID: PMC6406562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctional, intercellular communication (GJIC) is interrupted in cells transformed by oncogenes such as activated Src. The Src effector, Ras, is required for this effect, so that Ras inhibition restores GJIC in Src-transformed cells. Interestingly, the inhibition of the Src effector phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3k) or Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (Stat3) pathways does not restore GJIC. In the contrary, inhibition of PI3k or Stat3 in non-transformed rodent fibroblasts or epithelial cells or certain human lung carcinoma lines with extensive GJIC inhibits communication, while mutational activation of PI3k or Stat3 increases GJIC. Therefore, it appears that oncogenes such as activated Src have a dual role upon GJIC; acting as inhibitors of communication through the Ras pathway, and as activators through activation of PI3k or Stat3. In the presence of high Src activity the inhibitory functions prevail so that the net effect is gap junction closure. PI3k and Stat3 constitute potent survival signals, so that their inhibition in non-transformed cells triggers apoptosis which, in turn, has been independently demonstrated to suppress GJIC. The interruption of gap junctional communication would confine the apoptotic event to single cells and this might be essential for the maintenance of tissue integrity. We hypothesize that the GJIC activation by PI3k or Stat3 may be linked to their survival function.
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Non-canonical BAD activity regulates breast cancer cell and tumor growth via 14-3-3 binding and mitochondrial metabolism. Oncogene 2019; 38:3325-3339. [PMID: 30635657 PMCID: PMC6756016 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2-associated death promoter BAD is a prognostic indicator for good clinical outcome of breast cancer patients; however, whether BAD affects breast cancer biology is unknown. Here we showed that BAD increased cell growth in breast cancer cells through two distinct mechanisms. Phosphorylation of BAD at S118 increased S99 phosphorylation, 14-3-3 binding and AKT activation to promote growth and survival. Through a second, more prominent pathway, BAD stimulated mitochondrial oxygen consumption in a novel manner that was downstream of substrate entry into the mitochondria. BAD stimulated complex I activity that facilitated enhanced cell growth and sensitized cells to apoptosis in response to complex I blockade. We propose that this dependence on oxidative metabolism generated large but nonaggressive cancers. This model identifies a non-canonical role for BAD and reconciles BAD-mediated tumor growth with favorable outcomes in BAD-high breast cancer patients.
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36
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Pereira RM, Mekary RA, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Anaruma CP, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Protective molecular mechanisms of clusterin against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:123-129. [PMID: 28948410 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-017-9654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of cardiomyocytes occurs with aging and contributes to cardiovascular complications. In the present study, we highlighted the role of clusterin, a protein that has recently been associated with the protection of cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Clusterin protects cardiac cells against damage from myocardial infarction, transplant, or myocarditis. Clusterin can act directly or indirectly on apoptosis by regulating several intracellular pathways. These pathways include (1) the oxidant and inflammatory program, (2) insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway, (3) KU70 / BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) pathway, (4) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pathway, (5) BCL-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) pathway, and (6) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Given the key role of clusterin in preventing loss of cardiac tissue, modulating the expression and function of this protein carries the potential of improving cardiovascular care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Science, University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. .,CEPECE-Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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37
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications July–September 2018. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:472-477. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.29083.pq3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of specific serine residue BAD phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10505-E10514. [PMID: 30309962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804897115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human BCL-2-associated death promoter (hBAD) is an apoptosis-regulatory protein mediating survival signals to carcinoma cells upon phosphorylation of Ser99, among other residues. Herein, we screened multiple small-molecule databases queried in a Laplacian-modified naive Bayesian-based cheminformatics platform and identified a Petasis reaction product as a site-specific inhibitor for hBAD phosphorylation. Based on apoptotic efficacy against mammary carcinoma cells, N-cyclopentyl-3-((4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl) piperazin-1-yl) (2-hydroxyphenyl) methyl) benzamide (NPB) was identified as a potential lead compound. In vitro biochemical analyses demonstrated that NPB inhibited the phosphorylation of hBAD specifically on Ser99. NPB was observed to exert this effect independently of AKT and other kinase activities despite the demonstration of AKT-mediated BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation. Using a structure-based bioinformatics platform, we observed that NPB exhibited predicted interactions with hBAD in silico and verified the same by direct binding kinetics. NPB reduced phosphorylation of BAD-Ser99 and enhanced caspase 3/7 activity with associated loss of cell viability in various human cancer cell lines derived from mammary, endometrial, ovarian, hepatocellular, colon, prostatic, and pancreatic carcinoma. Furthermore, by use of a xenograft model, it was observed that NPB, as a single agent, markedly diminished BAD phosphorylation in tumor tissue and significantly inhibited tumor growth. Similar doses of NPB utilized in acute toxicity studies in mice did not exhibit significant effects. Hence, we report a site-specific inhibitor of BAD phosphorylation with efficacy in tumor models.
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Saraf J, Bhattacharya P, Kalia K, Borah A, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Dave KR, Yavagal DR. A Friend or Foe: Calcineurin across the Gamut of Neurological Disorders. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:805-819. [PMID: 30062109 PMCID: PMC6062828 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) is a unique but confounding calcium/calmodulin-mediated enzyme. CaN has shown to play essential roles from regulating calcium homeostasis to being an intricate part of learning and memory formation. Neurological disorders, despite differing in their etiology, share similar pathological outcomes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic signaling brought about by excitotoxic elements. CaN, being deeply integrated in vital neuronal functions, may be implicated in various neurological disorders. Understanding the enzyme and its physiological niche in the nervous system is vital in uncovering its roles in the spectrum of brain disorders. By reviewing the crosstalk in different neurological pathologies, a possible grasp of CaN's complex signaling may lead to forming better neurotherapy. This Outlook attempts to explore the various neuronal functions of CaN and investigate its pervasive role through the gamut of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Saraf
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular
and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science
and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department
of Neurology, University of Miami Miller
School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department
of Neurology, University of Miami Miller
School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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40
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang C, Li Z, Liu X, Zhang J, Lu J, Wang D. Pharmacological Basis for the Use of Evodiamine in Alzheimer's Disease: Antioxidation and Antiapoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051527. [PMID: 29883380 PMCID: PMC5983845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evodiamine (Evo), a major alkaloid compound isolated from the dry unripened fruit of Evodia fructus, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. The present study sought to explore the neuroprotective effects of Evo in l-glutamate (l-Glu)-induced apoptosis of HT22 cells, and in a d-galactose and aluminum trichloride-developed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. Evo significantly enhanced cell viability, inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, ameliorated mitochondrial function, increased the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein content, and inhibited the high expression levels of Bax, Bad, and cleaved-caspase-3 and -8 in l-Glu-induced HT22 cells. Evo also enhanced the phosphorylation activities of protein kinase B and the mammalian target of rapamycin in the l-Glu-induced HT22 cells. In the AD mouse model, Evo reduced the aimless and chaotic movements, reduced the time spent in the central area in the open field test, and decreased the escape latency time in the Morris water maze test. Evo reduced the deposition of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) in the brain, and increased the serum level of Aβ42, but showed no significant effects on Aβ40. In addition, six weeks of Evo administration significantly suppressed oxidative stress by modulating the related enzyme levels. In the central cholinergic system of AD mice, Evo significantly increased the serum levels of acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase and decreased the level of acetylcholinesterase in the serum, hypothalamus, and brain. Our results provide experimental evidence that Evo can serve as a neuroprotective candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chunyue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130006, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Changchun Shengjinnuo Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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You MK, Kim HJ, Kook JH, Kim HA. St. John's Wort Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting AMPK/mTOR and Activating the Mitochondrial Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040966. [PMID: 29570671 PMCID: PMC5979501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
St. John’s Wort (SJW) has been used as an estrogen agonist in the systems affected by menopause. Also, hypericin, a bioactive compound of SJW, has been used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. In the present study, we investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of SJW to demonstrate the chemo-preventive effect in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were cultured with DMSO or various concentrations of SJW ethanol extract (SJWE). Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, the expression of proteins involved in cell growth and apoptosis, and caspase-3/7 activity were examined. SJWE dose-dependently suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, SJWE enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased the expression of p-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Also, SJWE inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and showed increases in the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad with decreases in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), and p-Bcl-2-associated death promoter (p-Bad). SJWE at 50 μg/mL showed markedly enhanced caspase-7 activation. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SJWE shows anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects via inhibition of AMPK/mTOR and activation of a mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, SJWE can be used as a chemo-preventive agent without photo-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung You
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Hwa-Jin Kim
- Hisol Inc., 247-9, Baraebong-gil, Unbong-eup, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55717, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Kook
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-A Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Korea.
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42
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Glucocorticoids promote apoptosis of proinflammatory monocytes by inhibiting ERK activity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:267. [PMID: 29449600 PMCID: PMC5833693 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory drugs whose mode of action is complex and still debatable. One likely cellular target of GCs are monocytes/macrophages. The role of GCs in monocyte survival is also debated. Although both granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) are important regulators of macrophage lineage functions including their survival, the former is often associated with proinflammatory functions while the latter is important in lineage homeostasis. We report here that the GC, dexamethasone, induces apoptosis in GM-CSF-treated human monocytes while having no impact on M-CSF-induced monocyte survival. To understand how GCs, GM-CSF, and M-CSF are regulating monocyte survival and other functions during inflammation, we firstly examined the transcriptomic changes elicited by these three agents in human monocytes, either acting alone or in combination. Transcriptomic and Ingenuity pathway analyses found that dexamethasone differentially modulated dendritic cell maturation and TREM1 signaling pathways in GM-CSF-treated and M-CSF-treated monocytes, two pathways known to be regulated by ERK1/2 activity. These analyses led us to provide evidence that the GC inhibits ERK1/2 activity selectively in GM-CSF-treated monocytes to induce apoptosis. It is proposed that this inhibition of ERK1/2 activity leads to inactivation of p90 ribosomal-S6 kinase and Bad dephosphorylation leading in turn to enhanced caspase-3 activity and subsequent apoptosis. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of GC receptor activity restored the ERK1/2 signaling and prevented the GC-induced apoptosis in GM-CSF-treated monocytes. Increased tissue macrophage numbers, possibly from enhanced survival due to mediators such as GM-CSF, can correlate with inflammatory disease severity; also reduction in these numbers can correlate with the therapeutic benefit of a number of agents, including GCs. We propose that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes survival of GM-CSF-treated proinflammatory monocytes, which can be selectively targeted by GCs as a novel mechanism to reduce local monocyte/macrophage numbers and hence inflammation.
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Lu Z, Xu H, Yu X, Wang Y, Huang L, Jin X, Sui D. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells by downregulating the protein kinase B signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1277-1284. [PMID: 29434714 PMCID: PMC5776618 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor for children aged <5 years old. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is a ginsenoside extracted from Pananx quinquefolium L., which inhibits tumor growth in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of the present study was to assess the anticancer activities of 20(S)-PPD in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. The cytotoxicity of 20(S)-PPD on HepG2 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was identified by western blotting. The results demonstrated that 20(S)-PPD inhibited the viability of HepG2 cell in a dose and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values were 81.35, 73.5, 48.79 µM at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation following 20(S)-PPD treatment were detected by DAPI staining. The percentage of Annexin V-fluoroscein isothyiocyanate positive cells were 3.73, 17.61, 23.44 and 65.43% in HepG2 cells treated with 0, 40, 50 and 60 µM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively. Furthermore, 20(S)-PPD upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and also activated caspases-3 and −9, and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase cleavage. In addition, 20(S)-PPD inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt; Ser473). The results indicate that 20(S)-PPD inhibits the viability of HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by inhibiting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Sun J, Shi X, Li S, Piao F. 2,5-hexanedione induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis via inhibition of Akt/Bad signal pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3732-3743. [PMID: 29236316 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
2,5-Hexanedione (HD) is an important bioactive metabolite of n-hexane and mediates the neurotoxicity of parent compound. Studies show that HD induces apoptotic death of neural progenitor cells. However, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types and have been used as cell model for studying the toxic effects of chemicals on stem cells. In this study, we exposed rat bone marrow MSCs to 0, 10, 20, and 40 mM HD in vitro. Apoptosis and disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential were estimated by immunochemistry staining. The expression of Akt, Bad, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and Bad (p-Bad) as well as cytochrome c in mitochondria and cytosol were examined by Western blot. Moreover, caspase 3 activity, viability, and death of cells were measured by spectrophotometry. Our results showed that HD induced cell apoptosis and increased caspase 3 activity. HD down-regulated the expression levels of p-Akt, p-Bad and induced MMP depolarization, followed by cytochrome c release. Moreover, HD led to a concentration-dependent increase in the MSCs death, which was relative to MSCs apoptosis. However, these toxic effects of HD on the MSCs were significantly mitigated in the presence of IGF, which could activate PI3 K/Akt pathway. These results indicated that HD induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in the MSCs via inhibiting Akt/Bad signaling pathway and apoptotic death of MSCs via the signaling pathway. These results might provide some clues for studying further the mechanisms of HD-induced stem cell apoptosis and adverse effect on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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45
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Scheffold A, Jebaraj BMC, Stilgenbauer S. Venetoclax: Targeting BCL2 in Hematological Cancers. Recent Results Cancer Res 2018; 212:215-242. [PMID: 30069633 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91439-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, targeted anti-cancer therapy with small-molecule inhibitors and antibodies moved to the forefront as a strategy to treat hematological cancers. These novel agents showed outstanding effects in treatment of patients, often irrespective of their underlying genetic features. However, evolution and selection of subclones with continuous treatment leads to disease relapse and resistance toward these novel drugs. Venetoclax (ABT-199) is a novel, orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor for selective targeting of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2). Venetoclax is in clinical development and shows high efficacy and safety in particular in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but preliminarily also in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The most important and impressive outcomes of venetoclax treatment include a rapid induction of apoptosis and drastic reduction of the tumor bulk within a few hours after administration. Venetoclax was approved by the FDA and EMA in 2016 for patients with previously treated CLL with del(17p13) and patients failing B cell receptor signaling inhibitors (EMA only), on the basis of a single-arm phase II trial demonstrating a tremendous response rate of 79% with complete remission in 20% of cases and an estimated 1-year progression-free survival of 72%. This review focuses on the mode of action, the preclinical models, and outcomes from various clinical trials with venetoclax in different hematologic cancers as well as future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Scheffold
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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46
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Roles and Functions of the Unconventional Prefoldin URI. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1106:95-108. [PMID: 30484155 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00737-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Almost 15 years ago, the URI prefoldin-like complex was discovered by Krek and colleagues in immunoprecipitation experiments conducted in mammalian cells with the aim of identifying new binding partners of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) (Gstaiger et al. Science 302(5648):1208-1212, 2003). The URI prefoldin-like complex is a heterohexameric chaperone complex comprising two α and four β subunits (α2β4). The α subunits are URI and STAP1, while the β subunits are PFDN2, PFDN6, and PFDN4r, one of which is probably present in duplicate. Elucidating the roles and functions of these components in vitro and in vivo will help to clarify the mechanistic behavior of what appears to be a remarkably important cellular machine.
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47
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Wan H, Tang B, Liao X, Zeng Q, Zhang Z, Liao L. Analysis of neuronal phosphoproteome reveals PINK1 regulation of BAD function and cell death. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:904-917. [PMID: 29234155 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PINK1 mutations that disrupt its kinase activity cause autosomal recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Although research in recent years has elucidated a PINK1-Parkin pathway of mitophagy activation that requires PINK1 kinase activity, mitophagy-independent functions of PINK1 and their possible roles in PD pathogenesis have been proposed. Using an unbiased quantitative mass spectrometry approach to analyze the phosphoproteome in primary neurons from wild type and Pink1 knockout mice after mitochondrial depolarization, we uncovered PINK1-regulated phosphorylation sites, which involve coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways that control cellular response to stress. We further identified the pro-apoptotic protein BAD as a potential mitochondrial substrate of PINK1 both in vitro and in vivo, and found that cells more susceptible to a12poptosis induced by mitochondrial damage can be rescued by phosphorylation mimic BAD. Our results thus suggest that PINK1 kinase activity is important for pro-apoptotic protein function in regulation of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Wan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiufang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, State key laboratory of Medical Genetics, the Xiangya Hospital and the Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Lujian Liao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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48
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Cheng CY, Ho TY, Hsiang CY, Tang NY, Hsieh CL, Kao ST, Lee YC. Angelica sinensis Exerts Angiogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects Against Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Activating p38MAPK/HIF-1α/VEGF-A Signaling in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1683-1708. [PMID: 29121798 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Angelica sinensis extract [Dang Gui (DG)] administered before 60[Formula: see text]min of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 3[Formula: see text]d of reperfusion and investigated the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1[Formula: see text] signaling in the cortical ischemic penumbra. DG was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 0.25[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-0.25g), 0.5[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-0.5g), or 1[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-1g) 30[Formula: see text]min before the onset of cerebral ischemia. Our study results revealed that DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment effectively attenuated cerebral infarct and improved neurological deficits. DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment significantly downregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 expression and upregulated phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK)/p38 MAPK, phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB)/CREB, cytosolic and mitochondrial phospho-Bad (p-Bad)/Bad ratios, and HIF-1[Formula: see text], vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), phospho-90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p-p90RSK), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression in the cortical ischemic penumbra. Pretreatment with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, dramatically abrogated the upregulating effects of DG-1g on p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-CREB/CREB, and p-Bad/Bad ratios and HIF-1[Formula: see text], VEGF-A, and vWF expression and the downregulating effects of DG-1g on GFAP, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and cerebral infarction. DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment provided neuroprotective effects against astrocyte-mediated cerebral infarction by activating angiogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling. Moreover, the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of DG pretreatment can be attributed to the activation of p38 MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A/vWF signaling and p38 MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A/p-Bad-related regulation of cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling, respectively, in the cortical ischemic penumbra 3[Formula: see text]d after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung 42056, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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49
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Bad phosphorylation as a target of inhibition in oncology. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:177-186. [PMID: 29175460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 agonist of cell death (BAD) is a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family which possesses important regulatory function in apoptosis. BAD has also been shown to possess many non-apoptotic functions closely linked to cancer including regulation of glycolysis, autophagy, cell cycle progression and immune system development. Interestingly, BAD can be either pro-apoptotic or pro-survival depending on the phosphorylation state of three specific serine residues (human S75, S99 and S118). Expression of BAD and BAD phosphorylation patterns have been shown to influence tumor initiation and progression and play a predictive role in disease prognosis, drug response and chemosensitivity in various cancers. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the functional role of BAD phosphorylation in human cancer and evaluate the potential utility of modulating BAD phosphorylation in cancer.
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50
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Panagaki T, Michael M, Hölscher C. Liraglutide restores chronic ER stress, autophagy impairments and apoptotic signalling in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16158. [PMID: 29170452 PMCID: PMC5700973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that agonists of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor exert neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects across a range of experimental models of neuronal degeneration, and, recently, a pilot clinical trial of Liraglutide in Alzheimer’s disease patients showed improvements in cerebral glucose consumption that signifies disease progression. However, the exact underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently emerged as a mechanism for neuronal injury, rendering it a potent therapeutic target for acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigate the neuroprotective effects of Liraglutide along with the signalling network against prolong ER stress and autophagy impairments induced by the non-competitive inhibitor of sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase, thapsigargin. We show that Liraglutide modulates the ER stress response and elicits ER proteostasis and autophagy machinery homeostasis in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. These effects correlate with resolution of hyper-activity of the antioxidant Nrf2 factor and restoration of the impaired cell viability and proliferation. Mechanistically, Liraglutide engages Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling to favour adaptive responses and shift cell fate from apoptosis to survival under chronic stress conditions in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Maria Michael
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
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