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Wang ZY, Gao PP, Li L, Chen TT, Li N, Qi M, Zhang SN, Xu YP, Wang YH, Zhang SH, Zhang LL, Wei W, Du M, Sun WY. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravates liver injury in mice with S100-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:70-77. [PMID: 37797724 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has gradually increased, and the disease can eventually develop into cirrhosis or even hepatoma if left untreated. AIH patients are often characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, but whether gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the progression of AIH remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the occurrence and development of AIH in mice with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced colitis. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group, S100-induced AIH group, and DSS+S100 group (1 % DSS in the drinking water), and the experimental cycle lasted for four weeks. We demonstrate that DSS administration aggravates hepatic inflammation and disruption of the intestinal barrier, and significantly changes the composition of gut microbiota in S100-induced AIH mice, which are mainly characterized by increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria. These results suggest that DSS administration aggravates liver injury of S100-induced AIH, which may be due to DSS induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, leading to disruption of the intestinal barrier, and then, the microbiota translocate to the liver, aggravating hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ping-Ping Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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2
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Hiraga Y, Kubota T, Katoh M, Horai Y, Suzuki H, Yamashita Y, Hirata R, Moroi M. AST-120 Treatment Alters the Gut Microbiota Composition and Suppresses Hepatic Triglyceride Levels in Obese Mice. Endocr Res 2021; 46:178-185. [PMID: 34060951 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2021.1927074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide. The existence of a relationship between the microbiota and the pathology of hepatic steatosis is also becoming increasingly clear. AST-120, an oral spherical carbon adsorbent, has been shown to be useful for delaying dialysis initiation and improving uremic symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, little is known about the effect of AST-120 on fatty liver.Methods: AST-120 (5% w/w) was administrated to 6-week-old male db/db mice for 8 weeks. The body weight, blood glucose and food consumption were examined. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, lipid droplets and epididymal fat cell size were measured. The gut microbiota compositions were investigated in feces and cecum.Results: Significant decreases of the hepatic weight and hepatic TG levels were observed in the AST-120-treated db/db mice. Furthermore, AST-120 treatment was also associated with a decrease of Bacteroidetes, increase of Firmicutes, and a reduced ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes (B/F ratio) in the feces in the db/db mice. The B/F ratio in the feces was correlated with the liver weight and area of the liver occupied by lipid droplets in the db/db mice.Conclusions: These data suggest that AST-120 treatment alters the composition of the fecal microbiota and suppresses hepatic TG levels in the db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hiraga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sohyaku Project Planning & Management Department Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Ohashi), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Medical Science Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan
- Analysis Tool Development Group, Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Katoh
- Naka Kinen Clinic, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Administration Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horai
- Research Unit/Frontier Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Medical Materials Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamashita
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Medical Materials Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Hirata
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Medical Materials Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Moroi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Ohashi), Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Li S, Yakabe K, Zai K, Liu Y, Kishimura A, Hase K, Kim YG, Mori T, Katayama Y. Specific adsorption of a β-lactam antibiotic in vivo by an anion-exchange resin for protection of the intestinal microbiota. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7219-7227. [PMID: 34581317 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fraction of antibiotics that are excreted from the intestine during administration leads to disruption of commensal bacteria as well as resulting in dysbiosis and various diseases. To protect the gut microbiota during treatment with antibiotics, use of activated carbon (AC) has recently been reported as a method to adsorb antibiotics. However, the antibiotic adsorption by AC is nonspecific and may also result in the adsorption of essential biological molecules. In this work, we reported that an anion exchange resin (AER) has better specificity than AC for adsorbing the β-lactam antibiotic cefoperazone (CEF). Because CEF has a negatively charged carboxylate group and a conjugated system, the AER was used to adsorb CEF through electrostatic and π-π interactions. The AER was specific for CEF over biological molecules such as bile acids and vitamins in the intestine. The AER protected Escherichia coli from CEF in vitro. Furthermore, oral administration of the AER reduced the fecal free CEF concentration, and protected the gut microbiota from CEF-induced dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Yakabe
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Khadijah Zai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Barrierology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Centre for Advanced Medicine Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan, 32023, Republic of China
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4
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Yang ZD, Guo YS, Huang JS, Gao YF, Peng F, Xu RY, Su HH, Zhang PJ. Isomaltulose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity, and Modulates Gut Microbiota, the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Secondary Bile Acids in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092464. [PMID: 33922589 PMCID: PMC8122910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments have indicated prebiotic activity of isomaltulose, which stimulates the growth of probiotics and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the absence of in vivo trials undermines these results. This study aims to investigate the effect of isomaltulose on composition and functionality of gut microbiota in rats. Twelve Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the IsoMTL group was given free access to water containing 10% isomaltulose (w/w), and the control group was treated with normal water for five weeks. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that ingestion of isomaltulose increased the abundances of beneficial microbiota, such as Faecalibacterium and Phascolarctobacterium, and decreased levels of pathogens, including Shuttleworthia. Bacterial functional prediction showed that isomaltulose affected gut microbial functionalities, including secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Targeted metabolomics demonstrated that isomaltulose supplementation enhanced cholic acid concentration, and reduced levels of lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid. Moreover, the concentrations of propionate and butyrate were elevated in the rats administered with isomaltulose. This work suggests that isomaltulose modulates gut microbiota and the production of SCFAs and secondary bile acids in rats, which provides a scientific basis on the use of isomaltulose as a prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Dong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Yi-Shan Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Lab of High Value Utilization of Biomass, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; (Y.-S.G.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-F.G.); (R.-Y.X.)
| | - Jun-Sheng Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Lab of High Value Utilization of Biomass, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; (Y.-S.G.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-F.G.); (R.-Y.X.)
| | - Ya-Fei Gao
- Guangdong Engineering Lab of High Value Utilization of Biomass, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; (Y.-S.G.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-F.G.); (R.-Y.X.)
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Ri-Yi Xu
- Guangdong Engineering Lab of High Value Utilization of Biomass, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; (Y.-S.G.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-F.G.); (R.-Y.X.)
| | - Hui-Hui Su
- Guangdong Engineering Lab of High Value Utilization of Biomass, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; (Y.-S.G.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-F.G.); (R.-Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (H.-H.S.); (P.-J.Z.); Tel.: +86-020-8416-8316 (H.-H.S.)
| | - Ping-Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Lab of High Value Utilization of Biomass, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; (Y.-S.G.); (J.-S.H.); (Y.-F.G.); (R.-Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (H.-H.S.); (P.-J.Z.); Tel.: +86-020-8416-8316 (H.-H.S.)
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5
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Liu F, Wang X, Li D, Cui Y, Li X. Apple polyphenols extract alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 male mice by restoring bile acid metabolism disorder and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1468-1485. [PMID: 33215776 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate and compare the preventive effects of apple polyphenols extract (APE) with phloretin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC), 60 male mice were treated with 125 or 500 mg/(kg bw d) APE or 100 mg/(kg bw d) phloretin, the single-ingredient of APE, for continuous 3 weeks by intragastric administration, meanwhile, mice were provided with 3% DSS dissolved in drinking water to induce UC during the third week. Both APE and phloretin significantly ameliorated DSS-induced UC by inhibiting body weight loss, preventing colon shortening and mucosa damage. Except the same mechanisms of the inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling, decreased hyodeoxycholic acid level and increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia at phylum and Bacteroides and Akkermansia at genus, APE increased β-muricholic acid level and decreased Bacterodetes abundance, while phloretin decreased Firmicutes abundance. Furthermore, APE treatment showed much lower disease activity index score, less body weight loss and lighter spleen than phloretin. Thus, our study supported the potentiality of APE as a promising dietary intervention for the prevention of experimental UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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6
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Yuzuriha K, Yakabe K, Nagai H, Li S, Zendo T, Zai K, Kishimura A, Hase K, Kim YG, Mori T, Katayama Y. Protection of gut microbiome from antibiotics: development of a vancomycin-specific adsorbent with high adsorption capacity. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:128-136. [PMID: 32775131 PMCID: PMC7392918 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The fraction of administered antibiotics that reach the cecum and colon causes dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, resulting in various diseases. Protection of the gut microbiome
from antibiotics using antibiotic adsorbents in the cecum and colon is a promising method to overcome this issue. Previously, activated charcoal (AC) has been reported to protect
the gut microbiome of host animals. AC is an adsorbent that is widely used to capture toxic compounds and overdosed drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. The specificity of
adsorbents for antibiotics is critical to avoid the risk of unexpected side effects caused by nonspecific adsorption of biological compounds in the intestinal fluid, such as bile
acids and essential micronutrients. Here, we have developed specific adsorbents for vancomycin (VCM), which is known to cause gut dysbiosis. The adsorbents were composed of
polyethyleneglycol-based microparticles (MPs) in which a specific ligand for VCM, D-Ala-D-Ala-OH, was attached via dendrons of D-lysine to raise the content of the ligand in the
MPs. The MPs successfully protected Staphylococcus lentus from VCM in vitro because of the adsorption of VCM in the culture media.
Pre-administration of MPs to mice reduced the amount of free VCM in the feces to an undetectable level. This treatment minimized the effect of VCM on gut microbiota and provided
protection against Clostridioides difficile infection after oral challenge with spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yuzuriha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yakabe
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Haruka Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shunyi Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Zendo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-039, Japan
| | - Khadijah Zai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Barriology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Advanced Medicine Innovation Center, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung Li, 32023 ROC, Taiwan
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7
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Ghaffarzadegan T, Marungruang N, Fåk F, Nyman M. Molecular Properties of Guar Gum and Pectin Modify Cecal Bile Acids, Microbiota, and Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157427. [PMID: 27315087 PMCID: PMC4912110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) act as signaling molecules in various physiological processes, and are related to colonic microbiota composition as well as to different types of dietary fat and fiber. This study investigated whether guar gum and pectin—two fibers with distinct functional characteristics—affect BA profiles, microbiota composition, and gut metabolites in rats. Low- (LM) or high-methoxylated (HM) pectin, and low-, medium-, or high-molecular-weight (MW) guar gum were administered to rats that were fed either low- or high-fat diets. Cecal BAs, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbiota composition, and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels were analyzed, by using novel methodologies based on gas chromatography (BAs and SCFAs) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Strong correlations were observed between cecal BA and SCFA levels, microbiota composition, and portal plasma LBP levels in rats on a high-fat diet. Notably, guar gum consumption with medium-MW increased the cecal amounts of cholic-, chenodeoxycholic-, and ursodeoxycholic acids as well as α-, β-, and ω-muricholic acids to a greater extent than other types of guar gum or the fiber-free control diet. In contrast, the amounts of cecal deoxycholic- and hyodeoxycholic acid were reduced with all types of guar gum independent of chain length. Differences in BA composition between pectin groups were less obvious, but cecal levels of α- and ω-muricholic acids were higher in rats fed LM as compared to HM pectin or the control diet. The inflammatory marker LBP was downregulated in rats fed medium-MW guar gum and HM pectin; these two fibers decreased the cecal abundance of Oscillospira and an unclassified genus in Ruminococcaceae, and increased that of an unclassified family in RF32. These results indicate that the molecular properties of guar gum and pectin are important for their ability to modulate cecal BA formation, gut microbiota composition, and high-fat diet induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frida Fåk
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Mosińska P, Storr M, Fichna J. The role of AST-120 and protein-bound uremic toxins in irritable bowel syndrome: a therapeutic perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2015; 8:278-84. [PMID: 26327918 PMCID: PMC4530433 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x15587866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AST-120 (kremezin) exhibits its favourable effects in reducing the levels of renal toxins by selective adsorption of low molecular weight substances from the intestinal lumen. So far, a vast majority of studies were focused on the role of AST-120 in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular disorders, and positive therapeutic effects of the agent have already been confirmed in clinical conditions. Up to the present, there are only a few studies regarding the role of AST-120 in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Compelling data suggest the ability of the compound to adsorb protein-bound uremic toxins and mast cell derived mediators and to modulate the farnesoid X receptor, which is a bile acid sensor indispensable for maintaining homeostasis in the intestine. In this review we focus on the actions of AST-120 on intestinal permeability, reduction of visceral sensitivity and alteration of gut motility. We also discuss whether AST-120 can mitigate common IBS symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating and malfunction of the colonic transit and thus improve the quality of life of patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mosińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Martin Storr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany,Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany
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9
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AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) in the treatment of perianal fistulae in mild-to-moderate Crohn's disease: FHAST-1, a phase 3, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:872-81. [PMID: 24694794 PMCID: PMC5175486 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) was previously reported to be effective for perianal fistula healing in Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate Crohn's disease. METHODS To evaluate the efficacy and safety of AST-120 in a Western population, a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, study (FHAST-1) was conducted in adult patients with at least 1 draining perianal fistula and a Crohn's disease activity index <400. Patients received either AST-120 or matching placebo at a dose of 2 g 3 times daily for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with treatment success, defined as a 50% reduction in the number of draining fistulae, at both weeks 4 and 8. A multivariate model was generated to assess covariates for treatment success among baseline variables. RESULTS Two hundred forty-nine patients were randomized (AST-120; n = 122; placebo, n = 127). The proportions of patients achieving the primary endpoint were no different between treatment groups (13.9% versus 16.5%, P = 0.6). No differences in fistula response were noted at week 4 (23.0% versus 25.2%, P = 0.77) or week 8 (27.0 versus 34.6%, P = 0.22). Serum C-reactive protein concentrations >0.6 mg/dL and Crohn's disease activity index scores >151 at baseline were associated with a reduced likelihood of treatment success (odds ratio, 0.40; confidence interval, 0.19-0.87; P = 0.02; and odds ratio, 0.45; confidence interval, 0.21-0.97; P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this largest placebo-controlled trial to date to evaluate the impact of a therapeutic agent on perianal fistulae in Crohn's disease, the efficacy of AST-120 could not be confirmed. An inverse relationship was observed between both inflammatory and clinical disease activity and fistula response.
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Volkmann M, Wirtherle NC, Beddies GF, Kohn B. Efficacy of AST-120 in dogs with chronic idiopathic enteropathies. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1637-41. [PMID: 24128298 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic idiopathic enteropathies (CIE) in dogs are complex diseases of unknown origin. AST-120 is a spherical carbon adsorbent preparation with a high adsorption ability for low molecular substances. OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of AST-120 in dogs with CIE. ANIMALS Ten client-owned dogs with mild (n = 7) to moderate (n = 3) CIE. METHODS Explorative, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot study. Dogs with chronic diarrhea and no or insufficient response to an elimination diet were included. The dogs received either AST-120 (n = 5) or placebo (n = 5) for a duration of 21 days. The canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI) was used to assess disease severity at baseline and clinical outcome after 3 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, changes in body weight and the parameters stool consistency and frequency were compared within and between groups. RESULTS The mean CIBDAI score decreased from 5.6 (SD 1.5) to 2.0 (SD 1.2) in the AST-120 group (P = .125) and from 4.8 (SD .8) to 3.6 (SD 2.3) in the placebo group (P = .688). Compared with baseline, posttreatment CIBDAI scores decreased more than 60% in 4/5 dogs treated with AST-120 and in 1/5 dogs treated with placebo (P = .206). Changes in CIBDAI scores, body weights, stool consistency, and frequency within and between groups did not achieve statistical significance after 3 weeks of treatment. No adverse effects of AST-120 were noted. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study investigated potential efficacy of AST-120 as an alternative therapy in dogs with mild-to-moderate CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Volkmann
- Clinic of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Araki Y, Mukaisho KI, Fujiyama Y, Hattori T, Sugihara H. The herbal medicine rikkunshito exhibits strong and differential adsorption properties for bile salts. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:645-649. [PMID: 22969945 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-secretory drugs, particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), are the preferred treatment agents for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, refractory GERD, which may manifest as an incomplete or lack of response to PPI therapy, is common. Despite the administration of PPIs for symptomatic control, duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) containing bile is successfully controlled in only one-third of patients. It has previously been reported that the traditional Japanese herbal medicine rikkunshito, which has a prokinetic action on gastric emptying, exhibits clinically therapeutic effects against GERD and DGER that does not respond to PPIs. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for the effects of rikkunshito are still unknown. It has been suggested that the cytotoxicity of the bile salts in the gut lumen is important in GERD and DGER. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether rikkunshito is able to adsorb bile salts through the mechanism by which it ameliorates the symptoms of GERD and DGER. The binding capacities of rikkunshito for bile salts were measured using Langmuir's method. The morphology of rikkunshito was also observed by light microscopy. Rikkunshito strongly adsorbed bile salts. The binding capabilities of rikkunshito were far beyond those of a typical dietary fiber, α-cellulose, or an oral adsorbent. In addition, rikkunshito had higher binding capacities for hydrophobic bile salts as compared with hydrophilic bile salts. In conclusion, rikkunshito has a great capacity to adsorb bile salts. This may be part of the mechanism(s) responsible for the therapeutic effects of rikkunshito in patients with GERD and DGER.
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Tack JF, Miner PB, Fischer L, Harris MS. Randomised clinical trial: the safety and efficacy of AST-120 in non-constipating irritable bowel syndrome - a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:868-77. [PMID: 21883322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for safe and effective treatment options for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) is a non-absorbed, carbon-based adsorbent with extensive adsorbing capability for histamine, serotonin and other substances implicated in IBS pathogenesis. AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of AST-120 in non-constipating forms of IBS. METHODS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the US and Belgium enrolled 115 male and female patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for IBS; individuals with predominantly constipation symptoms were excluded. Subjects were randomised to AST-120 2 g tds or placebo for an 8-week double-blind treatment period, followed by a 2-week single-blind placebo washout and 8-week single-blind active treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of subjects achieving at least a 50% reduction in the number of days with abdominal pain compared with baseline. RESULTS At Week 4, 26.8% of subjects treated with AST-120 responded on the primary endpoint vs. 10.2% in the placebo arm (P=0.029); at Week 8 response rates were 32.1 and 25.4% respectively (NS). More AST-120 treated subjects experienced improvement in bloating and stool consistency. These benefits abated when AST-120 was replaced by placebo, and resumed once AST-120 was restarted. The frequency of adverse events with AST-120 were less than or equal to placebo. CONCLUSIONS AST-120 is safe and well-tolerated and reduces pain and bloating in non-constipating IBS, although beneficial effects may be limited in duration. AST-120 represents a locally acting, non-absorbed, novel treatment for IBS and warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Cattle bile aggravates diclofenac sodium-induced small intestinal injury in mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:315858. [PMID: 21584236 PMCID: PMC3092561 DOI: 10.1155/2011/315858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cattle bile (CB) has long been used in Japan as an ingredient of digestive medicines. Bile acids are major chemical constituents of CB, and CB ingestion is assumed to affect small intestinal injury induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Mice were fed a diet supplemented with or without CB for 7 days and treated with diclofenac sodium (DIF) to induce small intestinal injury. Lesion formation was enhanced, and PGE2 content and COX expression levels were elevated in the small intestine of DIF-treated mice fed the CB diet compared with those fed the control diet. The administration of a reconstituted mixture of bile acids found in CB enhanced lesion formation in DIF-treated mice. CB administration elevated the contents of CB-derived bile acids in the small intestine, some of which exhibited a high cytotoxicity to cultured intestinal epithelial cells. These results suggest that the elevated levels of CB-derived cytotoxic bile acids in the small intestine contribute to the aggravation of DIF-induced small intestinal injury. The use of CB may be limited during the therapy of inflammatory diseases with NSAIDs.
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Fukuda Y, Takazoe M, Sugita A, Kosaka T, Kinjo F, Otani Y, Fujii H, Koganei K, Makiyama K, Nakamura T, Suda T, Yamamoto S, Ashida T, Majima A, Morita N, Murakami K, Oshitani N, Takahama K, Tochihara M, Tsujikawa T, Watanabe M. Oral spherical adsorptive carbon for the treatment of intractable anal fistulas in Crohn's disease: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:1721-9. [PMID: 18616656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anal fistulas are common in individuals with Crohn's disease (CD). We sought to evaluate the efficacy of oral spherical adsorptive carbon (AST-120) (Kremezin; Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) for the treatment of intractable anal fistulas in patients with CD. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with CD and at least one active anal fistula under treatment were assigned to receive either AST-120 or placebo for 8 wk. Improvement was defined as a reduction of 50% or more from baseline in the number of draining fistulas observed at both 4 and 8 wk. Remission was defined by closure of all draining fistulas at both 4 and 8 wk. The Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI) and Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were also assessed. RESULTS In total, 62 patients were randomized, of whom 57 received AST-120 (N = 27) or placebo (N = 30). The improvement rate in the AST-120 group (37.0%) was significantly greater than that in the placebo group (10.0%) (P= 0.025). The corresponding remission rates were 29.6% and 6.7%, respectively (P= 0.035). PDAI significantly improved at both 4 and 8 wk with AST-120, compared to placebo (P= 0.004 and P= 0.005, respectively). CDAI was also significantly improved at both 4 and 8 wk in the AST-120 group, compared to the placebo group (P= 0.007 and P= 0.001, respectively). AST-120 treatment was well tolerated and no life-threatening adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION AST-120 is useful for the control of intractable anal fistulas in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Fukuda
- Clinical Nutrition and Health Science and General Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Jurjus AR, Khoury NN, Reimund JM. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2004; 50:81-92. [PMID: 15385082 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Accepted: 12/24/2003] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), experimental models have proven to be important tools for detecting potential therapeutic agents and for investigating the mechanisms of pathogenesis. This review is intended to cover recent advances in basic IBD model applications. The use of more than 20 animal models has allowed the detection of numerous protective pharmacological agents, including a number of immunomodulatory agents that have entered the therapeutic armamentarium. The models have been classified into five main categories based on the methods of induction: gene knockout (KO), transgenic, chemical, adoptive transfer, and spontaneous (each with subcategories).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo R Jurjus
- Department of Human Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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