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Chen Q, Li L, Qi X, Fang H, Yu X, Bai Y, Chen Z, Liu Q, Liu D, Liang C. The non-specific lipid transfer protein McLTPII.9 of Mentha canadensis is involved in peltate glandular trichome density and volatile compound metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1188922. [PMID: 37324667 PMCID: PMC10264783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1188922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mentha canadensis L. is an important spice crop and medicinal herb with high economic value. The plant is covered with peltate glandular trichomes, which are responsible for the biosynthesis and secretion of volatile oils. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) belong to a complex multigenic family involved in various plant physiological processes. Here, we cloned and identified a non-specific lipid transfer protein gene (McLTPII.9) from M. canadensis, which may positively regulate peltate glandular trichome density and monoterpene metabolism. McLTPII.9 was expressed in most M. canadensis tissues. The GUS signal driven by the McLTPII.9 promoter in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum was observed in stems, leaves, and roots; it was also expressed in trichomes. McLTPII.9 was associated with the plasma membrane. Overexpression of McLTPII.9 in peppermint (Mentha piperita. L) significantly increased the peltate glandular trichome density and total volatile compound content compared with wild-type peppermint; it also altered the volatile oil composition. In McLTPII.9-overexpressing (OE) peppermint, the expression levels of several monoterpenoid synthase genes and glandular trichome development-related transcription factors-such as limonene synthase (LS), limonene-3-hydroxylase (L3OH), geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS), HD-ZIP3, and MIXTA-exhibited varying degrees of alteration. McLTPII.9 overexpression resulted in both a change in expression of genes for terpenoid biosynthetic pathways which corresponded with an altered terpenoid profile in OE plants. In addition, peltate glandular trichome density was altered in the OE plants as well as the expression of genes for transcription factors that were shown to be involved in trichome development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailing Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zequn Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Santos-Silva CAD, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Amador VC, Bezerra-Neto JP, Vilela LMB, Binneck E, Rêgo MDS, da Silva MD, Mangueira de Melo ALT, da Silva RH, Benko-Iseppon AM. From Gene to Transcript and Peptide: A Deep Overview on Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins (nsLTPs). Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050939. [PMID: 37237842 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) stand out among plant-specific peptide superfamilies due to their multifaceted roles in plant molecular physiology and development, including their protective functions against pathogens. These antimicrobial agents have demonstrated remarkable efficacy against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The discovery of plant-originated, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides such as nsLTPs has paved the way for exploring the mentioned organisms as potential biofactories for synthesizing antimicrobial compounds. Recently, nsLTPs have been the focus of a plethora of research and reviews, providing a functional overview of their potential activity. The present work compiles relevant information on nsLTP omics and evolution, and it adds meta-analysis of nsLTPs, including: (1) genome-wide mining in 12 plant genomes not studied before; (2) latest common ancestor analysis (LCA) and expansion mechanisms; (3) structural proteomics, scrutinizing nsLTPs' three-dimensional structure/physicochemical characteristics in the context of nsLTP classification; and (4) broad nsLTP spatiotemporal transcriptional analysis using soybean as a study case. Combining a critical review with original results, we aim to integrate high-quality information in a single source to clarify unexplored aspects of this important gene/peptide family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vinícius Costa Amador
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Maria Batista Vilela
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Binneck
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86085-981, Brazil
| | - Mireli de Santana Rêgo
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Manassés Daniel da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rahisa Helena da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
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Genome-Wide Identification of Common Bean PvLTP Family Genes and Expression Profiling Analysis in Response to Drought Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122394. [PMID: 36553661 PMCID: PMC9777604 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Common bean is one of the most important legume crops for human consumption. Its yield is adversely affected by environmental stress. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are essential for plant growth, development, and resistance to abiotic stress, such as salt, drought, and alkali. However, changes in nsLTP family genes responding to drought stress are less known. The PvLTP gene family in the common bean was identified by a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Molecular weights, theoretical isoelectric points, phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs, gene structures, gene duplications, chromosome localization, and expression profiles were analyzed by SignalP 5.0, ExPASy, ClustalX 2.1, MEGA 7.0, NCBI-CDD, MEME, Weblogo, and TBtools 1.09876, respectively. Heatmap and qRT-PCR analyses were performed to validate the expression profiles of PvLTP genes in different organs. In addition, the expression patterns of nine PvLTP genes in common beans treated with drought stress were investigated by qRT-PCR. We obtained 58 putative PvLTP genes in the common bean genome via genome-wide analyses. Based on the diversity of the eight-cysteine motif (ECM), these genes were categorized into five types (I, II, IV, V, and VIII). The signal peptides of the PvLTP precursors were predicted to be from 16 to 42 amino acid residues. PvLTPs had a predicated theoretical isoelectric point of 3.94-10.34 and a molecular weight of 7.15-12.17 kDa. The phylogenetic analysis showed that PvLTPs were closer to AtLTPs than OsLTPs. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses indicated that PvLTPs were randomly distributed on all chromosomes except chromosome 9. In addition, 23 tandem duplicates of PvLTP genes were arranged in 10 gene clusters on chromosomes 1 and 2. The heatmap and qRT-PCR showed that PvLTP expression significantly varied in different tissues. Moreover, 9 PvLTP genes were up-regulated under drought treatment. Our results reveal that PvLTPs play potentially vital roles in plants and provide a comprehensive reference for studies on PvLTP genes and a theoretical basis for further analysis of regulatory mechanisms influencing drought tolerance in the common bean.
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Li F, Fan K, Guo X, Liu J, Zhang K, Lu P. Genome-wide identification, molecular evolution and expression analysis of the non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) family in Setaria italica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:547. [PMID: 36443672 PMCID: PMC9703814 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a millet species with high tolerance to stressful environments. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a kind of small, basic proteins involved in many biological processes. So far, the genome of S. italica has been fully sequenced, and a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and expression of the nsLTP family is still lacking in foxtail millet. RESULTS Forty-five nsLTP genes were identified in S. italica and clustered into 5 subfamilies except three single genes (SinsLTP38, SinsLTP7, and SinsLTP44). The proportion of SinsLTPs was different in each subfamily, and members within the same subgroup shared conserved exon-intron structures. Besides, 5 SinsLTP duplication events were investigated. Both tandem and segmental duplication contributed to nsLTP expansion in S. italica, and the duplicated SinsLTPs had mainly undergone purifying selection pressure, which suggested that the function of the duplicated SinsLTPs might not diverge much. Moreover, we identified the nsLTP members in 5 other monocots, and 41, 13, 10, 4, and 1 orthologous gene pairs were identified between S. italica and S. viridis, S. bicolor, Z. mays, O. sativa, and B. distachyon, respectively. The functional divergence within the nsLTP orthologous genes might be limited. In addition, the tissue-specific expression patterns of the SinsLTPs were investigated, and the expression profiles of the SinsLTPs in response to abiotic stress were analyzed, all the 10 selected SinsLTPs were responsive to drought, salt, and cold stress. Among the selected SinsLTPs, 2 paired duplicated genes shared almost equivalent expression profiles, suggesting that these duplicated genes might retain some essential functions during subsequent evolution. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided the first systematic analysis for the phylogenetic classification, conserved domain and gene structure, expansion pattern, and expression profile of the nsLTP family in S. italica. These findings could pave a way for further comparative genomic and evolution analysis of nsLTP family in foxtail millet and related monocots, and lay the foundation for the functional analysis of the nsLTPs in S. italica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
- Research and Development Center of Agricultural Facility Technology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
| | - Kai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xuhu Guo
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
- Research and Development Center of Agricultural Facility Technology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Jianxia Liu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
- Research and Development Center of Agricultural Facility Technology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
- Research and Development Center of Agricultural Facility Technology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Tomato Allergy: The Characterization of the Selected Allergens and Antioxidants of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum)-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040644. [PMID: 35453329 PMCID: PMC9031248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most broadly produced and consumed crop plants. They are the source of health-promoting nutrients such as antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, polyphenols, or carotenoids. Despite the beneficial role of tomatoes in the daily diet, they have been confirmed as one of the most prevalent allergenic vegetables. Food allergies can cause many clinical symptoms, e.g., in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and lungs, as well as anaphylactic shock. A huge amount of clinical research has been carried out to improve the understanding of the immunological mechanisms that lead to the lack of tolerance of food antigens, which can result in either immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions or non-IgE-mediated reactions. Lifestyle and diet play an important role in triggering food allergies. Allergy to tomatoes is also linked to other allergies, such as grass pollen and latex allergy. Numerous attempts have been made to identify and characterize tomato allergens; however, the data available on the subject are not sufficient.
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Liu G, Zhu S, Chen Y, Yu C, Zhong F, Zhang J. Characteristics, expression profile, and function of non-specific lipid transfer proteins of Populus trichocarpa. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:468-481. [PMID: 35063485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are involved in various physiological processes. However, the characteristics and function of LTPs in Populus trichocarpa are unclear. Here, we report the functional properties of type IV, V, and VI P. trichocarpa nsLTPs (PtLTPs). The IV, V, and VI PtLTPs clustered in the same clade shared similar gene structures and motif and distributions. Also, collinearity analysis revealed 2 and 7 gene pairs have tandem duplication and segmental duplication events, respectively. The expression patterns of type IV, V, and VI PtLTPs differed among poplar tissues. We investigated the effects of various stresses on the Potri.010G100600, Potri.010G196300, and Potri.016G104300 (type V LTPs) mRNA levels, and type V LTPs can respond to multiple stresses. Potri.008G061800 was localized to the cell wall, extracellular space, and plasma membrane. Glutathione-S-transferase-Potri.008G061800 obtained by prokaryotic expression had weakly inhibited the growth of Septotis populiperda in vitro. Taken together, our data show that type IV, V, and VI PtLTPs may be thought as novel regulators of plant stresses. They could be considered an effective genetic resource for molecular breeding in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Xu Y, Shang K, Wang C, Yu Z, Zhao X, Song Y, Meng F, Zhu C. WIPK-NtLTP4 pathway confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:249-261. [PMID: 34697685 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE WIPK-NtLTP4 module improves the resistance to R. solanacearum via upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure in tobacco. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of small lipid binding proteins that play important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses. The previous study revealed that NtLTP4 positively regulates salt and drought stresses in Nicotiana tabacum. However, the role of NtLTP4 in biotic stress, especially regarding its function in disease resistance remains unclear. Here, the critical role of NtLTP4 in regulating resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tobacco, was reported. The NtLTP4-overexpressing lines markedly improved the resistance to R. solanacearum by upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure. Moreover, NtLTP4 interacted with wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK; a homolog of MAPK3 in tobacco) and acted in a genetically epistatic manner to WIPK in planta. WIPK could directly phosphorylate NtLTP4 to positively regulate its protein abundance. Taken together, these results broaden the knowledge about the functions of the WIPK-NtLTP4 module in disease resistance and may provide valuable information for improving tobacco plant tolerance to R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanxiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Amador VC, dos Santos-Silva CA, Vilela LMB, Oliveira-Lima M, de Santana Rêgo M, Roldan-Filho RS, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Lemos AB, de Oliveira WD, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs)-Structure, Diversity and Roles beyond Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1281. [PMID: 34827219 PMCID: PMC8615156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are among the most promising plant-exclusive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They figure among the most challenging AMPs from the point of view of their structural diversity, functions and biotechnological applications. This review presents a current picture of the LTP research, addressing not only their structural, evolutionary and further predicted functional aspects. Traditionally, LTPs have been identified by their direct isolation by biochemical techniques, whereas omics data and bioinformatics deserve special attention for their potential to bring new insights. In this context, new possible functions have been identified revealing that LTPs are actually multipurpose, with many additional predicted roles. Despite some challenges due to the toxicity and allergenicity of LTPs, a systematic review and search in patent databases, indicate promising perspectives for the biotechnological use of LTPs in human health and also plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Costa Amador
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Carlos André dos Santos-Silva
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Lívia Maria Batista Vilela
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Mireli de Santana Rêgo
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Ricardo Salas Roldan-Filho
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Roberta Lane de Oliveira-Silva
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Science Campus, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56300-990, Brazil;
| | - Ayug Bezerra Lemos
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Wilson Dias de Oliveira
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
| | - Sérgio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 1883, Qatar;
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Bioscience Centre, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (L.M.B.V.); (M.O.-L.); (M.d.S.R.); (R.S.R.-F.); (A.B.L.); (W.D.d.O.); (J.R.C.F.-N.)
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9
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Duo J, Xiong H, Wu X, Li Y, Si J, Zhang C, Duan R. Genome-wide identification and expression profile under abiotic stress of the barley non-specific lipid transfer protein gene family and its Qingke Orthologues. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:674. [PMID: 34544387 PMCID: PMC8451110 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), a group of small, basic ubiquitous proteins to participate in lipid transfer, cuticle formation and stress response, are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. To date, although the nsLTP gene family of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been preliminarily identified, it is still unclear in the recently completed genome database of barley and Qingke, and its transcriptional profiling under abiotic stress has not been elucidated as well. RESULTS We identified 40 barley nsLTP (HvLTP) genes through a strict screening strategy based on the latest barley genome and 35 Qingke nsLTP (HtLTP) orthologues using blastp, and these LTP genes were divided into four types (1, 2, D and G). At the same time, a comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics, homology alignment, conserved motifs, gene structure and evolution of HvLTPs and HtLTPs further supported their similar nsLTP characteristics and classification. The genomic location of HvLTPs and HtLTPs showed that these genes were unevenly distributed, and obvious HvLTP and HtLTP gene clusters were found on the 7 chromosomes including six pairs of tandem repeats and one pair of segment repeats in the barley genome, indicating that these genes may be co-evolutionary and co-regulated. A spatial expression analysis showed that most HvLTPs and HtLTPs had different tissue-specific expression patterns. Moreover, the upstream cis-element analysis of HvLTPs and HtLTPs showed that there were many different stress-related transcriptional regulatory elements, and the expression pattern of HvLTPs and HtLTPs under abiotic stress also indicated that numerous HvLTP and HtLTP genes were related to the abiotic stress response. Taken together, these results may be due to the differences in promoters rather than by genes themselves resulting in different expression patterns under abiotic stress. CONCLUSION Due to a stringent screening and comprehensive analysis of the nsLTP gene family in barley and Qingke and its expression profile under abiotic stress, this study can be considered a useful source for the future studies of nsLTP genes in either barley or Qingke or for comparisons of different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecuo Duo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China.,Qinghai Qaidam Vocational & Technical College, Delingha, 817000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Huiyan Xiong
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiongxiong Wu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Jianping Si
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Ruijun Duan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China.
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Song S, You J, Shi L, Sheng C, Zhou W, Dossou SSK, Dossa K, Wang L, Zhang X. Genome-Wide Analysis of nsLTP Gene Family and Identification of SiLTPs Contributing to High Oil Accumulation in Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105291. [PMID: 34069840 PMCID: PMC8157352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis and storage of lipids in oil crop seeds involve many gene families, such as nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs). nsLTPs are cysteine-rich small basic proteins essential for plant development and survival. However, in sesame, information related to nsLTPs was limited. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify the Sesamum indicum nsLTPs (SiLTPs) and reveal their potential role in oil accumulation in sesame seeds. Genome-wide analysis revealed 52 SiLTPs, nonrandomly distributed on 10 chromosomes in the sesame variety Zhongzhi 13. Following recent classification methods, the SiLTPs were divided into nine types, among which types I and XI were the dominants. We found that the SiLTPs could interact with several transcription factors, including APETALA2 (AP2), DNA binding with one finger (Dof), etc. Transcriptome analysis showed a tissue-specific expression of some SiLTP genes. By integrating the SiLTPs expression profiles and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) results of two contrasting oil content sesame varieties, we identified SiLTPI.23 and SiLTPI.28 as the candidate genes for high oil content in sesame seeds. The presumed functions of the candidate gene were validated through overexpression of SiLTPI.23 in Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings expand our knowledge on nsLTPs in sesame and provide resources for functional studies and genetic improvement of oil content in sesame seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Song
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Lisong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
| | - Chen Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Wangyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Senouwa Segla Koffi Dossou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Sciences, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (S.S.); (J.Y.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.); (S.S.K.D.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (X.Z.)
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Megeressa M, Siraj B, Zarina S, Ahmed A. Structural characterization and in vitro lipid binding studies of non-specific lipid transfer protein 1 (nsLTP1) from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21243. [PMID: 33277525 PMCID: PMC7718255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are cationic proteins involved in intracellular lipid shuttling in growth and reproduction, as well as in defense against pathogenic microbes. Even though the primary and spatial structures of some nsLTPs from different plants indicate their similar features, they exhibit distinct lipid-binding specificities signifying their various biological roles that dictate further structural study. The present study determined the complete amino acid sequence, in silico 3D structure modeling, and the antiproliferative activity of nsLTP1 from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds. Fennel is a member of the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is used as a spice medicine and fresh vegetable. Fennel nsLTP1 was purified using the combination of gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its homogeneity was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The purified nsLTP1 was treated with 4-vinyl pyridine, and the modified protein was then digested with trypsin. The complete amino acid sequence of nsLTP1 established by intact protein sequence up to 28 residues, overlapping tryptic peptides, and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides. Hence, it is confirmed that fennel nsLTP1 is a 9433 Da single polypeptide chain consisting of 91 amino acids with eight conserved cysteines. Moreover, the 3D structure is predicted to have four α-helices interlinked by three loops and a long C-terminal tail. The lipid-binding property of fennel nsLTP1 is examined in vitro using fluorescent 2-p-toluidinonaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) and validated using a molecular docking study with AutoDock Vina. Both of the binding studies confirmed the order of binding efficiency among the four studied fatty acids linoleic acid > linolenic acid > Stearic acid > Palmitic acid. A preliminary screening of fennel nsLTP1 suppressed the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 6.98 µM after 48 h treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekdes Megeressa
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Bushra Siraj
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Zaidi MA, O'Leary SJB, Gagnon C, Chabot D, Wu S, Hubbard K, Tran F, Sprott D, Hassan D, Vucurevich T, Sheedy C, Laroche A, Gleddie S, Robert LS. A triticale tapetal non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) is translocated to the pollen cell wall. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1185-1197. [PMID: 32638075 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A Triticeae type III non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) was shown for the first time to be translocated from the anther tapetum to the pollen cell wall. Two anther-expressed non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) were identified in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). LTPc3a and LTPc3b contain a putative signal peptide sequence and eight cysteine residues in a C-Xn-C-Xn-CC-Xn-CXC-Xn-C-Xn-C pattern. These proteins belong to the type III class of nsLTPs which are expressed exclusively in the inflorescence of angiosperms. The level of LTPc3 transcript in the anther was highest at the tetrad and uninucleate microspore stages, and absent in mature pollen. In situ hybridization showed that LTPc3 was expressed in the tapetal layer of the developing triticale anther. The expression of the LTPc3 protein peaked at the uninucleate microspore stage, but was also found to be associated with the mature pollen. Accordingly, an LTPc3a::GFP translational fusion expressed in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon first showed activity in the tapetum, then in the anther locule, and later on the mature pollen grain. Altogether, these results represent the first detailed characterization of a Triticeae anther-expressed type III nsLTP with possible roles in pollen cell wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Abbas Zaidi
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Stephen J B O'Leary
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Christine Gagnon
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Denise Chabot
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 26 Huacai Road, Chengdu, 610052, Sichuan, China
| | - Keith Hubbard
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Frances Tran
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Dave Sprott
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Dhuha Hassan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tara Vucurevich
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Claudia Sheedy
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - André Laroche
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Steve Gleddie
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
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Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins in Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.: Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling in Response to Pathogens and Resistance Inducers. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040221. [PMID: 31694319 PMCID: PMC6963497 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) represent a family of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) implicated in diverse physiological processes. However, their role in induced resistance (IR) triggered by non-pathogenic fungal strains and their metabolites is poorly understood. In this work, using RNA-seq data and our AMP search pipeline, we analyzed the repertoire of nsLTP genes in the wheat Triticum kiharae and studied their expression in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection and treatment with the intracellular metabolites of Fusarium sambucinum FS-94. A total of 243 putative nsLTPs were identified, which were classified into five structural types and characterized. Expression analysis showed that 121 TkLTPs including sets of paralogs with identical mature peptides displayed specific expression patters in response to different treatments pointing to their diverse roles in resistance development. We speculate that upregulated nsLTP genes are involved in protection due to their antimicrobial activity or signaling functions. Furthermore, we discovered that in IR-displaying plants, a vast majority of nsLTP genes were downregulated, suggesting their role as negative regulators of immune mechanisms activated by the FS-94 elicitors. The results obtained add to our knowledge of the role of nsLTPs in IR and provide candidate molecules for genetic engineering of crops to enhance disease resistance.
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Fleury C, Gracy J, Gautier MF, Pons JL, Dufayard JF, Labesse G, Ruiz M, de Lamotte F. Comprehensive classification of the plant non-specific lipid transfer protein superfamily towards its sequence-structure-function analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7504. [PMID: 31428542 PMCID: PMC6698131 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins (nsLTPs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and constitute a superfamily of related proteins. Several hundreds of different nsLTP sequences—and counting—have been characterized so far, but their biological functions remain unclear. It has been clear for years that they present a certain interest for agronomic and nutritional issues. Deciphering their functions means collecting and analyzing a variety of data from gene sequence to protein structure, from cellular localization to the physiological role. As a huge and growing number of new protein sequences are available nowadays, extracting meaningful knowledge from sequence–structure–function relationships calls for the development of new tools and approaches. As nsLTPs show high evolutionary divergence, but a conserved common right handed superhelix structural fold, and as they are involved in a large number of key roles in plant development and defense, they are a stimulating case study for validating such an approach. Methods In this study, we comprehensively investigated 797 nsLTP protein sequences, including a phylogenetic analysis on canonical protein sequences, three-dimensional structure modeling and functional annotation using several well-established bioinformatics programs. Additionally, two integrative methodologies using original tools were developed. The first was a new method for the detection of (i) conserved amino acid residues involved in structure stabilization and (ii) residues potentially involved in ligand interaction. The second was a structure–function classification based on the evolutionary trace display method using a new tree visualization interface. We also present a new tool for visualizing phylogenetic trees. Results Following this new protocol, an updated classification of the nsLTP superfamily was established and a new functional hypothesis for key residues is suggested. Lastly, this work allows a better representation of the diversity of plant nsLTPs in terms of sequence, structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Gracy
- CBS, CNRS Univ Montpellier INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Pons
- CBS, CNRS Univ Montpellier INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Li G, Hou M, Liu Y, Pei Y, Ye M, Zhou Y, Huang C, Zhao Y, Ma H. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the non-specific lipid transfer proteins in potato. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:375. [PMID: 31088347 PMCID: PMC6518685 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins that are abundant in higher plants. They have been reported to play an important role in various plant physiological processes, such as lipid transfer, signal transduction, and pathogen defense. To date, a comprehensive analysis of the potato nsLTP gene family is still lacking after the completion of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genome sequencing. A genome-wide characterization, classification and expression analysis of the StnsLTP gene family was performed in this study. RESULTS In this study, a total of 83 nsLTP genes were identified and categorized into eight types based on Boutrot's method. Multiple characteristics of these genes, including phylogeny, gene structures, conserved motifs, protein domains, chromosome locations, and cis-elements in the promoter sequences, were analyzed. The chromosome distribution and the collinearity analyses suggested that the expansion of the StnsLTP gene family was greatly enhanced by the tandem duplications. Ka/Ks analysis showed that 47 pairs of duplicated genes tended to undergo purifying selection during evolution. Moreover, the expression of StnsLTP genes in various tissues was analyzed by using RNA-seq data and verified by quantitative real-time PCR, revealing that the StnsLTP genes were mainly expressed in younger tissues. These results indicated that StnsLTPs may played significant and functionally varied roles in the development of different tissues. CONCLUSION In this study, we comprehensively analyzed nsLTPs in potato, providing valuable information to better understand the functions of StnsLTPs in different tissues and pathways, especially in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menglu Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaxue Liu
- Innovation Experimental College, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Pei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghui Ye
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxi Huang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Identification of non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein gene family members in Solanum lycopersicum and insights into the features of Sola l 3 protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1607. [PMID: 30733555 PMCID: PMC6367377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are characterized by an eight-cysteine motif backbone that is stabilized by four disulphide bonds. The strong interest towards this protein family is mainly due to the fact that nsLTPs are involved in many biological processes and have been identified as major human allergens. Since tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed and allergenic vegetables, a full characterization of this family is needed. In this study, hidden Markov model profiles were used to identify nsLTPs within the tomato protein complement. Following manual curation, 64 nsLTP genes were classified into six sub-families. Furthermore, nsLTP gene structure, distribution and arrangement along tomato chromosomes were investigated. Available RNA-seq expression profile data and Real-Time PCR analyses were used to derive expression patterns of tomato nsLTPs in different tissues/organs. Non-specific LTP genes with high level of expression in tomato fruits were filtered out since they could play a key role in tomato allergenicity. Among these genes was Solyc10g075090 that encodes the allergen Sola l 3. Finally, cloning, heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization of the recombinant protein Sola l 3 was performed.
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Zhang M, Kim Y, Zong J, Lin H, Dievart A, Li H, Zhang D, Liang W. Genome-wide analysis of the barley non-specific lipid transfer protein gene family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Ji J, Lv H, Yang L, Fang Z, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of non-specific lipid transfer proteins in cabbage. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5379. [PMID: 30128186 PMCID: PMC6089208 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a group of small, secreted proteins that can reversibly bind and transport hydrophobic molecules. NsLTPs play an important role in plant development and resistance to stress. To date, little is known about the nsLTP family in cabbage. In this study, a total of 89 nsLTP genes were identified via comprehensive research on the cabbage genome. These cabbage nsLTPs were classified into six types (1, 2, C, D, E and G). The gene structure, physical and chemical characteristics, homology, conserved motifs, subcellular localization, tertiary structure and phylogeny of the cabbage nsLTPs were comprehensively investigated. Spatial expression analysis revealed that most of the identified nsLTP genes were positively expressed in cabbage, and many of them exhibited patterns of differential and tissue-specific expression. The expression patterns of the nsLTP genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses were also investigated. Numerous nsLTP genes in cabbage were found to be related to the resistance to stress. Moreover, the expression patterns of some nsLTP paralogs in cabbage showed evident divergence. This study promotes the understanding of nsLTPs characteristics in cabbage and lays the foundation for further functional studies investigating cabbage nsLTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nawrot R, Józefiak D, Sip A, Kuźma D, Musidlak O, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Isolation and characterization of a non-specific lipid transfer protein from Chelidonium majus L. latex. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:554-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Li F, Fan K, Ma F, Yue E, Bibi N, Wang M, Shen H, Hasan MMU, Wang X. Genomic Identification and Comparative Expansion Analysis of the Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Gene Family in Gossypium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38948. [PMID: 27976679 PMCID: PMC5157027 DOI: 10.1038/srep38948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are involved in many biological processes. In this study, 51, 47 and 91 nsLTPs were identified in Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii and their descendant allotetraploid G. hirsutum, respectively. All the nsLTPs were phylogenetically divided into 8 distinct subfamilies. Besides, the recent duplication, which is considered cotton-specific whole genome duplication, may have led to nsLTP expansion in Gossypium. Both tandem and segmental duplication contributed to nsLTP expansion in G. arboreum and G. hirsutum, while tandem duplication was the dominant pattern in G. raimondii. Additionally, the interspecific orthologous gene pairs in Gossypium were identified. Some GaLTPs and GrLTPs lost their orthologs in the At and Dt subgenomes, respectively, of G. hirsutum. The distribution of these GrLTPs and GaLTPs within each subfamily was complementary, suggesting that the loss and retention of nsLTPs in G. hirsutum might not be random. Moreover, the nsLTPs in the At and Dt subgenomes might have evolved symmetrically. Furthermore, both intraspecific and interspecific orthologous genes showed considerable expression variation, suggesting that their functions were strongly differentiated. Our results lay an important foundation for expansion and evolutionary analysis of the nsLTP family in Gossypium, and advance nsLTP studies in other plants, especially polyploid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Fan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Fanglu Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Erkui Yue
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Noreen Bibi
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ming Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Shen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Mosfeq-Ul Hasan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuede Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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21
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Liu F, Zhang X, Lu C, Zeng X, Li Y, Fu D, Wu G. Non-specific lipid transfer proteins in plants: presenting new advances and an integrated functional analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5663-81. [PMID: 26139823 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic proteins present in abundance in higher plants. They are involved in key processes of plant cytology, such as the stablization of membranes, cell wall organization, and signal transduction. nsLTPs are also known to play important roles in resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and in plant growth and development, such as sexual reproduction, seed development and germination. The structures of plant nsLTPs contain an eight-cysteine residue conserved motif, linked by four disulfide bonds, and an internal hydrophobic cavity, which comprises the lipid-binding site. This structure endows stability and increases the ability to bind and/or carry hydrophobic molecules. There is growing interest in nsLTPs, due to their critical roles, resulting in the need for a comprehensive review of their form and function. Relevant topics include: nsLTP structure and biochemical features, their classification, identification, and characterization across species, sub-cellular localization, lipid binding and transfer ability, expression profiling, functionality, and evolution. We present advances, as well as limitations and trends, relating to the different topics of the nsLTP gene family. This review collates a large body of research pertaining to the role of nsLTPs across the plant kingdom, which has been integrated as an in depth functional analysis of this group of proteins as a whole, and their activities across multiple biochemical pathways, based on a large number of reports. This review will enhance our understanding of nsLTP activity in planta, prompting further work and insights into the roles of this multifaceted protein family in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Changming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Pagnussat LA, Oyarburo N, Cimmino C, Pinedo ML, de la Canal L. On the role of a Lipid-Transfer Protein. Arabidopsis ltp3 mutant is compromised in germination and seedling growth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1105417. [PMID: 26479260 PMCID: PMC4854337 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant Lipid-Transfer Proteins (LTPs) exhibit the ability to reversibly bind/transport lipids in vitro. LTPs have been involved in diverse physiological processes but conclusive evidence on their role has only been presented for a few members, none of them related to seed physiology. Arabidopsis seeds rely on storage oil breakdown to supply carbon skeletons and energy for seedling growth. Here, Arabidopsis ltp3 mutant was analyzed for its ability to germinate and for seedling establishment. Ltp3 showed delayed germination and reduced germination frequency. Seedling growth appeared reduced in the mutant but this growth restriction was rescued by the addition of an exogenous carbon supply, suggesting a defective oil mobilization. Lipid breakdown analysis during seedling growth revealed a differential profile in the mutant compared to the wild type. The involvement of LTP3 in germination and seedling growth and its relationship with the lipid transfer ability of this protein is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Oyarburo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Cimmino
- Centro de Biotecnología Advanta Semillas S.A.I.C.; Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Marcela L Pinedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura de la Canal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Correspondence to: Laura de la Canal;
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Li J, Gao G, Xu K, Chen B, Yan G, Li F, Qiao J, Zhang T, Wu X. Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the putative non-specific lipid transfer proteins in Brassica rapa L. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84556. [PMID: 24497919 PMCID: PMC3908880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLtps) are small, basic proteins encoded by multigene families and have reported functions in many physiological processes such as mediating phospholipid transfer, defense reactions against phytopathogens, the adaptation of plants to various environmental conditions, and sexual reproduction. To date, no genome-wide overview of the Brassica rapa nsLtp (BrnsLtp) gene family has been performed. Therefore, as the first step and as a helpful strategy to elucidate the functions of BrnsLtps, a genome-wide study for this gene family is necessary. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING In this study, a total of 63 putative BrnsLtp genes were identified through a comprehensive in silico analysis of the whole genome of B. rapa. Based on the sequence similarities, these BrnsLtps was grouped into nine types (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VIII, IX, and XI). There is no type VII nsLtps in B. rapa, and a new type, XI nsLtps, was identified in B. rapa. Furthermore, nine type II AtLtps have no homologous genes in B. rapa. Gene duplication analysis demonstrated that the conserved collinear block of each BrnsLtp is highly identical to those in Arabidopsis and that both segmental duplications and tandem duplications seem to play equal roles in the diversification of this gene family. Expression analysis indicated that 29 out of the 63 BrnsLtps showed specific expression patterns. After careful comparison and analysis, we hypothesize that some of the type I BrnsLtps may function like Arabidopsis pathogenesis-related-14 (PR-14) proteins to protect the plant from phytopathogen attack. Eleven BrnsLtps with inflorescence-specific expression may play important roles in sexual reproduction. Additionally, BrnsLtpI.3 may have functions similar to Arabidopsis LTP1. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The genome-wide identification, bioinformatic analysis and expression analysis of BrnsLtp genes should facilitate research of this gene family and polyploidy evolution and provide new insight towards elucidating their biological functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhen Gao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyun Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Qiao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Zi J, Zhang J, Wang Q, Zhou B, Zhong J, Zhang C, Qiu X, Wen B, Zhang S, Fu X, Lin L, Liu S. Stress responsive proteins are actively regulated during rice (Oryza sativa) embryogenesis as indicated by quantitative proteomics analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74229. [PMID: 24058531 PMCID: PMC3776822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis is the initial step in a plant’s life, and the molecular changes that occur during embryonic development are largely unknown. To explore the relevant molecular events, we used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) coupled with the shotgun proteomics technique (iTRAQ/Shotgun) to study the proteomic changes of rice embryos during embryogenesis. For the first time, a total of 2 165 unique proteins were identified in rice embryos, and the abundances of 867 proteins were actively changed based on the statistical evaluation of the quantitative MS/MS signals. The quantitative data were then confirmed using multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) and were also supported by our previous study based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2 DE). Using the proteome at 6 days after pollination (DAP) as a reference, cluster analysis of these differential proteins throughout rice embryogenesis revealed that 25% were up-regulated and 75% were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis implicated that most of the up-regulated proteins were functionally categorized as stress responsive, mainly including heat shock-, lipid transfer-, and reactive oxygen species-related proteins. The stress-responsive proteins were thus postulated to play an important role during seed maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zi
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Institutes of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanhui Wang
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Institutes of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Zhou
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyan Zhong
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xuemei Qiu
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenyan Zhang
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Institutes of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqin Fu
- Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (SL)
| | - Siqi Liu
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Institutes of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (SL)
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Wang HW, Hwang SG, Karuppanapandian T, Liu A, Kim W, Jang CS. Insight into the molecular evolution of non-specific lipid transfer proteins via comparative analysis between rice and sorghum. DNA Res 2012; 19:179-94. [PMID: 22368182 PMCID: PMC3325081 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dss003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 9 kDa non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) genes from nine plant species. Each of the five classified types in angiosperms exhibited eight conserved cysteine patterns. The most abundant nsLTP genes fell into the type I category, which was particularly enriched in a grass-specific lineage of clade I.1. Six pairs of tandem copies of nsLTP genes on the distal region of rice chromosomes 11 and 12 were well-preserved under concerted evolution, which was not observed in sorghum. The transgenic promoter–reporter assay revealed that both rice and sorghum nsLTP genes of type I displayed a relatively conserved expression feature in the epidermis of growing tissue, supporting its functional roles in cutin synthesis or defence against phytopathogens. For type I, the frequent expression in the stigma and seed are indicative of functional involvement in pistil–pollen interactions and seed development. By way of contrast, several type V genes were observed, mainly in the vascular bundle of the rosette as well as the young shoots, which might be related with vascular tissue differentiation or defence signalling. Compared with sorghum, the highly redundant tissue-specific expression pattern among members of rice nsLTP genes in clade I.1 suggests that concerted evolution via gene conversion favours the preservation of crucial expression motifs via the homogenization of proximal promoter sequences under high selection constraints. However, extensive regulatory subfunctionalization might also have occurred under relative low selection constraints, resulting in functional divergence at the expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Wang NJ, Lee CC, Cheng CS, Lo WC, Yang YF, Chen MN, Lyu PC. Construction and analysis of a plant non-specific lipid transfer protein database (nsLTPDB). BMC Genomics 2012; 13 Suppl 1:S9. [PMID: 22369214 PMCID: PMC3303721 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-s1-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small and basic proteins. Recently, nsLTPs have been reported involved in many physiological functions such as mediating phospholipid transfer, participating in plant defence activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens, and enhancing cell wall extension in tobacco. However, the lipid transfer mechanism of nsLTPs is still unclear, and comprehensive information of nsLTPs is difficult to obtain. METHODS In this study, we identified 595 nsLTPs from 121 different species and constructed an nsLTPs database--nsLTPDB--which comprises the sequence information, structures, relevant literatures, and biological data of all plant nsLTPs http://nsltpdb.life.nthu.edu.tw/. RESULTS Meanwhile, bioinformatics and statistics methods were implemented to develop a classification method for nsLTPs based on the patterns of the eight highly-conserved cysteine residues, and to suggest strict Prosite-styled patterns for Type I and Type II nsLTPs. The pattern of Type I is C X2 V X5-7 C [V, L, I] × Y [L, A, V] X8-13 CC × G X12 D × [Q, K, R] X2 CXC X16-21 P X2 C X13-15C, and that of Type II is C X4 L X2 C X9-11 P [S, T] X2 CC X5 Q X2-4 C[L, F]C X2 [A, L, I] × [D, N] P X10-12 [K, R] X4-5 C X3-4 P X0-2 C. Moreover, we referred the Prosite-styled patterns to the experimental mutagenesis data that previously established by our group, and found that the residues with higher conservation played an important role in the structural stability or lipid binding ability of nsLTPs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this research has suggested potential residues that might be essential to modulate the structural and functional properties of plant nsLTPs. Finally, we proposed some biologically important sites of the nsLTPs, which are described by using a new Prosite-styled pattern that we defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jyuan Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sheng Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ramazzina I, Amato S, Passera E, Sforza S, Mistrello G, Berni R, Folli C. Isoform identification, recombinant production and characterization of the allergen lipid transfer protein 1 from pear (Pyr c 3). Gene 2012; 491:173-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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